Mary had a little lamb

"Mary Had a Little Lamb" is an English language nursery rhyme of nineteenth-century American origin, first published by American writer Sarah Josepha Hale in 1830. It has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 7622.

Background

The nursery rhyme was first published by the Boston publishing firm Marsh, Capen & Lyon, as a poem by Sarah Josepha Hale on May 24, 1830, and was possibly inspired by an actual incident. As described in one of Hale's biographies:

"Sarah began teaching young boys and ''girls'' in a small school not far from her home n Newport, New Hampshire..It was at this small school that the incident involving 'Mary's Lamb' is reputed to have taken place. Sarah was surprised one morning to see one of her students, a girl named Mary, enter the classroom followed by her pet lamb. The visitor was far too distracting to be permitted to remain in the building and so Sarah 'turned him out.' The lamb stayed nearby till school was dismissed and then ran up to Mary looking for attention and protection. The other youngsters wanted to know why the lamb loved Mary so much and their teacher explained it was because Mary loved her pet. Then Sarah used the incident to get a moral across to the class:

Why does the lamb love Mary so?
Mary so, Mary so?

Why does the lamb love Mary so?
The eager children smiled,

Mary loves the lamb, you know,
Lamb, you know, lamb, you know,

Mary loves the lamb, you know The teacher’s happy smile.

Authorship controversy

In 1876, at the age of 70 years, Mary Tyler (née Sawyer; March 22, 1806 - December 11, 1889) emerged to claim that she was the "Mary" from the poem. As a young girl, Mary kept a pet lamb that she took to school one day, at the suggestion of her brother. A commotion naturally ensued. Mary recalled, "visiting school that morning was a young man, by the name of John Roulstone; a nephew of the Reverend Lemuel Capen, who was then settled in Sterling, Massachusetts. It was the custom then, for students to prepare for college, with ministers and, for this purpose, Roulstone was studying with his uncle. The young man was very much pleased, with the incident of the lamb and, the next day, he rode across the fields on horseback, to the little old schoolhouse and handed me a slip of paper, which had written upon it the three original stanzas of the poem ..." This account is not supported by evidence beyond Mary's memory. The "slip of paper" has never been produced as evidence. The earliest evidence of the poem's publication is Sarah Josepha Hale's 1830 collection of poems, supporting her complete authorship of the poem.

Even though this claim is unsupported by evidence, multiple sites in Sterling, Massachusetts, perpetuate the claim. A tall statue and historical marker representing Mary's Little Lamb stands in the town center. The Redstone School, where Mary Sawyer attended school and purports the incident took place, was built in 1798. The property was later purchased by Henry Ford and relocated to a churchyard, on the property of Longfellow's Wayside Inn in Sudbury, Massachusetts. Mary Sawyer's house, located in Sterling, Massachusetts, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000, but was destroyed by arson on August 12, 2007.

Text

The text as originally published consisted of three stanzas, each of eight lines, although the ABAB rhyming scheme allows each stanza to be divided into two four-line parts.

In the 1830s, Lowell Mason set the nursery rhyme to a melody adding repetition in the verses:

Recordings

The rhyme was the first audio recorded by Thomas Edison on his newly invented phonograph in 1877. It was the first instance of recorded English verse, following the recording of the French folk song "Au clair de la lune" by Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville in 1860. In 1927, Edison reenacted the recording, which still survives. The earliest recording (1878) was retrieved by 3D imaging equipment in 2012.

Alternative versions

In 1968, the song was popularized in a playful fashion by blues guitarist Buddy Guy, who might have taken the melody for his version from Freddie King's "Just Pickin'". It was covered in a similar fashion by Stevie Ray Vaughan in 1983.

"Mary Had a Little Lamb" is also a song written by Paul McCartney and Linda McCartney and released as a non-album single by the British–American rock band Paul McCartney and Wings in March 1972. It is based on the traditional nursery rhyme of the same name.

In the Korean language, the melody of "Mary Had a Little Lamb" corresponds to a different nursery rhyme known as "Airplane" (비행기). The lyrics describe the flight of an airplane and were written by the Korean poet Yoon Seok-joong, who has been known since 1924 for his poems and nursery rhymes.

Media

Note: This melody is the British version, which is slightly different from the American version. The melody of the fourth bar in the British version consists of one note repeated three times, whereas in the American version, the fourth bar consists of one note, then a note repeated twice that is two steps higher than the previous note.

See also

*List of nursery rhymes

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mary Had A Little Lamb
American children's songs
Traditional children's songs
Songs about sheep
Songs about shepherds
Fictional sheep
Songs about fictional female characters
American nursery rhymes