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The Martinstor (English ''Martin's Gate''), a former town fortification on Kaiser-Joseph-Straße, is the older of the two gates of Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany, that have been preserved since medieval times. Both gates, the Martinstor and the Schwabentor, are located in the city centre. In medieval times the Martinstor was also known as ''Norsinger Tor''.
According to Dendrochronology, dendrochronological research the wooden beams date back to the year 1202; the gate was first given documentary evidence in 1238 as ''„Porta Sancti Martini“'' (Latin ''Gate of the Holy Martin''). Over the centuries it has been reconstructed several times. At one time, it also served as a prison and it was said of its occupants that they had donned “The Cloak of Martin“.
From the 17th Century on the side of the gate facing the city was decorated with a picture of Martin of Tours. During this time, due to the construction and leveling of the suburbs by Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban, the gate's link to the city was lost. Thus, Salzstraße (Salt Road in Freiburg im Breisgau), Salzstraße served as the main access road from Höllental.
There have been numerous restorations of the picture, the most recent of which was in 1851 by Wilhelm Dürr. In 1968/69 the picture was removed. To date the local town council has still not been able to decide on a new image. As a result there remains a blank spot in honour of the conflicts between the Freiburg Civil Defence and the French Revolutionary Forces.
The Martinstor underwent its biggest change in 1901. By this point, the surrounding buildings surmounted the old city gate and the old passageway had become too small for the growing city and the new tram infrastructure. Having momentarily considered demolition, the city council opted instead to modify the building. Under the direction of Carl Schäfer the tower was heightened from 22 to 60 metres and a new roof construction in the architectural style of the 15th century was added.
An additional gate with a larger thoroughfare, designed in the same architectural style, was erected next to the original gate. A German Reichsadler was painted on the outer facade of the gate above the emblems of Freiburg and of the nearby region of Baden, before it was removed in 1951. A replication of a baroque sandstone plate depicting the Double-headed eagle of the Holy Roman Empire was later installed.
Next to the archway, facing the city center, there is a :File:Gedenktafel Hexenverbrennung Freiburg Breisgau.jpg, tablet commemorizing the Witch-hunt, burning of witches in Freiburg on which three names are engraved: ''Marghareta Mößmer'', ''Catharina Stadelmann'' and ''Anna Wolffart''. These women, all citizens of Freiburg, were executed in 1599.
Inside the western part of the arch which was built in 1901, a Fast food restaurant, fast-food restaurant (McDonald’s) is located and announces this with a big sign over the ancient archway. The city council of Freiburg could not keep the company from putting up their sign, but could prevent the prominent red and yellow of the same in favor of a more decent coloring. Due to its conspicuous presence there, much to the consternation of city leaders, some students have referred to Martinstor as McDonald's-Tor.
The ''Freiburger Markthalle'', the ''Theater am Martinstor (TAM)'' and the ''Martinsbräu'' are all located in the ''Martinsgässle'', a side street near the arch.
Faller, a manufacturer of model railway supplies, is selling an assembly kit of the Martinstor.
History
According to Dendrochronology, dendrochronological research the wooden beams date back to the year 1202; the gate was first given documentary evidence in 1238 as ''„Porta Sancti Martini“'' (Latin ''Gate of the Holy Martin''). Over the centuries it has been reconstructed several times. At one time, it also served as a prison and it was said of its occupants that they had donned “The Cloak of Martin“.
From the 17th Century on the side of the gate facing the city was decorated with a picture of Martin of Tours. During this time, due to the construction and leveling of the suburbs by Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban, the gate's link to the city was lost. Thus, Salzstraße (Salt Road in Freiburg im Breisgau), Salzstraße served as the main access road from Höllental.
There have been numerous restorations of the picture, the most recent of which was in 1851 by Wilhelm Dürr. In 1968/69 the picture was removed. To date the local town council has still not been able to decide on a new image. As a result there remains a blank spot in honour of the conflicts between the Freiburg Civil Defence and the French Revolutionary Forces.
The Martinstor underwent its biggest change in 1901. By this point, the surrounding buildings surmounted the old city gate and the old passageway had become too small for the growing city and the new tram infrastructure. Having momentarily considered demolition, the city council opted instead to modify the building. Under the direction of Carl Schäfer the tower was heightened from 22 to 60 metres and a new roof construction in the architectural style of the 15th century was added.
An additional gate with a larger thoroughfare, designed in the same architectural style, was erected next to the original gate. A German Reichsadler was painted on the outer facade of the gate above the emblems of Freiburg and of the nearby region of Baden, before it was removed in 1951. A replication of a baroque sandstone plate depicting the Double-headed eagle of the Holy Roman Empire was later installed.
Present
Next to the archway, facing the city center, there is a :File:Gedenktafel Hexenverbrennung Freiburg Breisgau.jpg, tablet commemorizing the Witch-hunt, burning of witches in Freiburg on which three names are engraved: ''Marghareta Mößmer'', ''Catharina Stadelmann'' and ''Anna Wolffart''. These women, all citizens of Freiburg, were executed in 1599.
Inside the western part of the arch which was built in 1901, a Fast food restaurant, fast-food restaurant (McDonald’s) is located and announces this with a big sign over the ancient archway. The city council of Freiburg could not keep the company from putting up their sign, but could prevent the prominent red and yellow of the same in favor of a more decent coloring. Due to its conspicuous presence there, much to the consternation of city leaders, some students have referred to Martinstor as McDonald's-Tor.
The ''Freiburger Markthalle'', the ''Theater am Martinstor (TAM)'' and the ''Martinsbräu'' are all located in the ''Martinsgässle'', a side street near the arch.
Faller, a manufacturer of model railway supplies, is selling an assembly kit of the Martinstor.
External links
* {{coord, 47.9936, N, 7.8489, E, source:wikidata, display=title Buildings and structures in Freiburg im Breisgau Tourist attractions in Freiburg im Breisgau Gates in Germany