Mars is an American global manufacturer of confectionery, pet food,
and other food products and a provider of animal care services, with
US$33 billion in annual sales in 2015,[3] and is ranked as the 6th
largest privately held company in the United States by Forbes.[4]
Headquartered in McLean, Virginia, United States,[5][6] the company is
entirely owned by the Mars family. Mars operates in six business
segments around the world: Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company (Chicago,
Illinois), Chocolate (Hackettstown, New Jersey; to be integrated with
Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company and based in
Chicago, Illinois

Chicago, Illinois from 2017[7]),
Petcare (Brussels, Belgium,
Poncitlán

Poncitlán and Jalisco, Mexico), Food
(Rancho Dominguez, California), Drinks (West Chester, Pennsylvania),
and Symbioscience (Germantown, Maryland), the company's life sciences
division.[8][9]
Contents
1 History
1.1 Mars Food UK Limited
1.1.1 Mars Drinks UK
1.2 Recent history
1.2.1 Mars Petcare
2 Factories
3 Consumer relations
3.1 Opposition to labeling of genetically engineered ingredients in
California
3.2 Removal of artificial ingredients to food portfolio
4 Criticism
5 Products
5.1 Original products
5.1.1 Products manufactured by The Wrigley Company
5.2 Products for pet consumption
5.3 Discontinued product lines
6 Services
7 Awards and honors
8 See also
9 References
10 Further reading
11 External links
History[edit]
Mars is a company known for the confectionery items that it
creates,[10] such as Mars bars, Milky Way bars, M&M's, Skittles,
Snickers, and Twix. They also produce non-confectionery snacks, such
as Combos, and other foods, including
Uncle Ben's Rice and pasta sauce
brand Dolmio, as well as pet foods, such as Pedigree, Whiskas, Nutro
and
Royal Canin

Royal Canin brands.[11]
Orbit gum is among the most popular brands, managed by the Mars
subsidiary brand Wrigley. During World War II, Wrigley was selling
their eponymous gum only to soldiers, while Orbit was sold to the
public. Though abandoned shortly after the war, about 30 years later
Orbit made a comeback in America during the chewing gum craze.[12]
Franklin Clarence Mars, whose mother taught him to hand dip candy,
sold candy by age 19.[13] He started the Mars
Candy

Candy Factory in 1911
with Ethel V. Mars, his second wife, in Tacoma, Washington.[14] This
factory produced and sold fresh candy wholesale,[13] but ultimately
the venture failed[15][16] because there was a better established
business, Brown & Haley, also operating in Tacoma.[17] By 1920,
Mars had returned to his home state, Minnesota, where the earliest
incarnation of the present day Mars company was founded that year as
Mar-O-Bar Co., in Minneapolis[18] and later incorporated there as
Mars, Incorporated.[13] Forrest Mars, Sr., son of Frank and his first
wife, Veronica,[13] was inspired by a popular type of milkshake[19] in
1923, to introduce the Milky Way bar, advertised as a "chocolate
malted milk in a candy bar",[20] which became the best-selling candy
bar.[18] In 1929, Frank moved the company to Bakersfield, California
and started full production in a plant which still exists today.[21]
In 1930, Frank Mars created the
Snickers

Snickers bar and first sold it in US
markets.[22] In 1932, Mars introduced the 3 Musketeers bar. The same
year, Forrest started Mars Limited in the
United Kingdom

United Kingdom and launched
the Mars bar.
Mars is still a family business owned by the Mars family. The company
is famous for its secrecy. A 1993 Washington Post Magazine article was
a rare raising of the veil, as the reporter was able to see the "M"s
being applied to the M&M's, something that "no out-sider had ever
before been invited to observe."[23] In 1999, for example, the company
did not acknowledge that
Forrest Mars, Sr.

Forrest Mars, Sr. had died or that he had
worked for the company.[24]
The company published its Principles in Action communication in
September 2011. This communication outlines the history of Mars, its
legacy as a business committed to its Five Principles, and the
company’s goal of putting its Principles into action to make a
difference to people and the planet through performance. Encompassing
themes of Health and Nutrition, Supply Chain, Operations, Products,
and Working at Mars, the Principles in Action communication outlines
Mars Incorporated’s targets, progress, and ongoing challenges. It
also describes its businesses, including Petcare, Chocolate, Wrigley,
Food, Drinks, Symbioscience.[25]
Mars, Incorporated

Mars, Incorporated has developed a reputation across its leading
markets to be an excellent training ground for managers. In the United
Kingdom, for instance, many CEOs of large companies learned their
trade at Mars, Inc., including former Mars executives Allan Leighton,
the former appointed CEO of the supermarket chain
Asda

Asda and then the
British postal service Royal Mail, and Justin King, former CEO of the
retailer Sainsbury's. Recently, the company caught on to that and
re-branded their employer brand "Mars — The Ultimate Business
School".[26]
In the United States, the company has 20 manufacturing facilities in
Hackettstown, New Jersey; Albany, Georgia; Burr Ridge, Illinois;
Minneapolis, Minnesota; Chicago, Illinois; and Mattoon, Illinois;
Cleveland, Tennessee; Columbia, South Carolina; Columbus, Ohio;
Elizabethtown, Pennsylvania; Greenville, Mississippi; Greenville and
Waco, Texas; Henderson and Reno, Nevada; Fort Smith, Arkansas; Joplin,
Missouri; Miami, Oklahoma; and Galena, Kansas. Their newest facility
is situated in Topeka, Kansas. Their Canadian facilities are located
in Bolton and Newmarket, Ontario.[27]
Mars Food UK Limited[edit]
Mars Food UK Limited is the name of the British branch of Mars, Inc.
The company is based in Slough, UK. Mars brands manufactured for the
UK market but not for the US include Tunes.[citation needed]
In 1932, Forrest Mars, Sr., opened what was then Mars (Europe)
headquarters, and remains Mars (UK) headquarters in Slough,
Berkshire[24] on the then-new
Slough

Slough Trading Estate, after a
disagreement with his father, Franklin Clarence Mars. In this factory,
he produced the first Mars bar, based on the American Milky Way.[28]
Many brands first created and sold in Britain were later introduced in
the U.S., including Starburst (original UK brand name Opal Fruits) and
Skittles. The brands Twix, and Topic were UK based.[citation needed]
Milky Way in Europe and worldwide is known as the 3 Musketeers in
America. Similarly, the
Snickers

Snickers bar was previously marketed in
Ireland and the
United Kingdom

United Kingdom as Marathon until 1990; in the UK,
France, Germany and the Netherlands, also until 1990; Galaxy in the
Middle East is known as Dove in America and worldwide; and Starburst
was known in the UK and Ireland as Opal Fruits until 1998. Chocolate
and peanut M&M's were introduced in 1990.[citation needed]
Mars Drinks UK[edit]
Mars Drinks UK, the beverages division of Mars Limited, operates from
Basingstoke

Basingstoke in
Hampshire

Hampshire and specializes in office vending machines.
Mars Drinks UK comprises the FLAVIA and KLIX brands which offer
branded drinks such as the Starburst Orange Drink, the
Maltesers

Maltesers Hot
Chocolate and the Galaxy drinks.[citation needed]
Mars Drinks also produces coffee and the equipment used to make it. In
1982 FLAVIA was created out of the high demand for coffee in the
United Kingdom. Initially marketed as Dimension 3 until 1989, FLAVIA
was introduced in France and Germany in 1986 and Japan in 1992 then
brought to the United States in 1996 and to Canada in 1997. Other
products such as cappuccino were introduced in 2002 and tea in
2004.[29]
Recent history[edit]
Mars' purchase of Doane Petcare Company in June 2007 significantly
increased Mars' position in the U.S. dry pet food category. In
addition to these businesses, Mars also operates a chain of premium
chocolate shops called Ethel M Chocolates. These shops are an
outgrowth of the Ethel M premium chocolate business that Forrest Mars
started in Las Vegas in 1980, when he became bored with
retirement.[30]
On April 28, 2008, Mars, Incorporated, together with Berkshire
Hathaway Incorporated, announced the buyout of Wm. Wrigley Jr.
Company, the world's largest chewing gum producer, for $23 billion in
an all-cash deal. The two companies together generate sales in excess
of $30 billion.[31]
The company spent more than $1.8 million on lobbying during 2008,
almost all of it at Patton Boggs, where it has long been one of the
largest lobbying clients. Mars also spent $10,000 at Skadden, Arps,
Slate, Meagher & Flom. In 2009, Mars also hired Ernst & Young
to lobby on corporate and international tax issues, including issues
related to tax changes proposed by the Obama administration. The
company spent another $1,655,000 that year.[32]
In 2014, Mars opened a new $270 million chocolate plant in Topeka,
Kansas, the first new plant in the USA in 35 years.[33]
In 2016, Mars announced the merger of its chocolate and Wrigley
segments to form a new subsidiary, appropriately called Mars Wrigley
Confectionery.
In 2017, the company's confectionery segment announced a return to its
roots, and opened a new office in Newark.[34]
Mars Petcare[edit]
In February 2003, Mars acquired
Aquarium

Aquarium Pharmaceuticals, Inc.[35]
(API, incorporated in 1964) and in 2007 it was renamed Mars Fishcare,
Inc. The company manufactures and supplies home aquarium and pond
products.[36] Mars Fishcare brands include:[37] Aquarium
Pharmaceuticals (API),[38] RENA,[39] AQUARIAN,[40] and PondCare.[41]
In Australia, the division operates three sites that are located in
Wodonga, Victoria

Wodonga, Victoria (established in 1967 for manufacture of wet pet
food);
Bathurst, New South Wales

Bathurst, New South Wales (established in the 1980s for
manufacture of dry pet food); and Brisbane,
Queensland

Queensland (for
manufacture of birdcare products).[42]
In January 2017, Mars announced the USD$7.7 billion acquisition of Los
Angeles-based animal hospital chain VCA Inc.[43]
Mars manufacters the 'Trill" birdseed range.[44]
Factories[edit]
Mars factory in Veghel, Netherlands
The two factories in
Slough

Slough were located on Liverpool Road and Dundee
Road; the one on Liverpool Road closed in 2007, with
Twix

Twix production
moving to the
Netherlands

Netherlands and Starburst production moving to the Czech
Republic.[45]
In 1963 a large factory was opened in
Veghel

Veghel in the Netherlands. This
factory has currently the biggest production volume of Mars factories
and is even one of the biggest chocolate factories in the world.[46]
Most confectionery products for Europe are produced in
Slough

Slough and
Veghel.
The major production plant for Mars confectionery products in
Australia is in Ballarat, Victoria.[47]
There is one factory outside of Hershey, Pennsylvania. It is located
in Elizabethtown, Pennsylvania.[48]
Consumer relations[edit]
Opposition to labeling of genetically engineered ingredients in
California[edit]
Throughout 2012, Mars contributed $376,650 to a $46 million political
campaign known as "The Coalition Against The Costly Food Labeling
Proposition, sponsored by Farmers and Food Producers".[49] This
organization was set up to oppose "Proposition 37", demanding
mandatory labeling of foods containing genetically modified
ingredients.
Removal of artificial ingredients to food portfolio[edit]
In February 2016, Mars stated that it would no longer be using
artificial colors in each of its candy products. The company announced
that more than 50 of its products would be affected in commitment
effort to align with the changing preferences of consumers. The
company along with more than 12 others has recently pledged to remove
colors of an artificial nature from its products. While it has been
said that the use of artificial colors in candy, and other products
sold in the marketplace do not pose a threat to human health outright,
the use of natural ingredients has grown substantially by the
consumers that are purchasing in the marketplace. The company's CEO,
Grant F. Reid, stated that "eliminating all artificial colors from the
food portfolio is a massive undertaking and one that will take time
and hard work to accomplish." The company wanted to assure consumers
that the fun and vibrancy that has remained a staple of the brand for
years, will not be altered in terms of colors or overall flavor. The
company has anticipated that the new ingredient changes will take up
to 5 years, with different formulations existing in various markets
within that time frame, before the process is perfected. The company
was not the first to recently announce that it would be changing the
use of artificial flavors in its products. In 2015, food giant,
General Mills proposed an initiative that noted that all of the
artificial ingredients it was using in its products would be dropped
by 2017. This meant a reformulation of many of the cereals, with
alternatives that were more suitable to the palates of humans. A key
aspect in that proposed initiative was that the cereal, Trix, would no
longer have the blue and green colors forming a new iteration of the
cereal.[50]
In a press release on the removal of the food dyes, the company wrote
that "replacing artificial colors across all our products is a complex
task. We expect it will take about five years to develop the full
range of alternatives that guarantee the integrity and great taste of
the products you know and love, and to go through the process of
obtaining regulatory approval for all new ingredients in
development.” Mars has frequently used dyes and artificial colors in
many of its products over the years. Due to public outcry calling for
change, and a petition that gained more than 217,000 signatures that
was created by Change.org, the company wanted to bring about a
significant change to the way it was viewed by consumers. There have
been two different arguments presented about the use of artificial
colors in foods. Many studies have shown that their use in food could
be linked to illnesses such as ADHD and cancer. There has seemed to be
an issue with the use of red 40, yellow 3, yellow 5 and yellow 6 and
how they bind to the DNA in humans. Other additives such as Blue 2
have been linked to the cause of brain tumors in rodents and in 1981,
Green 3 was found to be a direct link to bladder cancer. Given the
fact that the company will be replacing the artificial dyes in its
products, the company has also said that consumers should prepare
themselves for the transition process in terms of special packaging
and colors being used as to indicate that the changes have taken
place. It has been said that the company is not likely to stop using
coloring entirely, but that the use of artificial coloring will be
going away.[51] Instead Mars will use natural colors like turmeric in
India.
Criticism[edit]
This section may lend undue weight to certain ideas, incidents, or
controversies. Please help to create a more balanced presentation.
Discuss and resolve this issue before removing this message. (November
2017)
From May 1, 2007, many Mars products made in the UK became unsuitable
for vegetarians. The company announced that it would be using whey
made with animal rennet (material from a calf's stomach lining, and a
byproduct of veal), instead of using rennet made by microorganisms, in
products including Mars, Twix, Snickers, Maltesers, Bounty, Minstrels
and Milky Way.[52] The response from many consumers, particularly the
Vegetarian Society's request for UK vegetarians to register their
protests with Mars, generated extensive press and caused the company
to abandon the plans shortly thereafter.[53] Mars switched to
all-vegetarian sources in the UK.[54][55]
In 2007, Mars came under criticism by People for the Ethical Treatment
of Animals (PETA) for funding laboratory experiments on mice, rats,
guinea pigs and rabbits which the group alleges are inhumane and in
violation of the company’s own policies prohibiting experiments on
animals.[56]
One study was conducted in collaboration with the Salk Institute
regarding angiogenesis and spatial memory in which mice were given an
ad libitum diet that included epicatechin, plant-derived flavonoid.
One of the experiments involved groups of control and experimental
animals, the latter of which were housed individually in cages that
included a running wheel for optional exercise for two hours a day,
the former —also housed individually— did not have access to a
running wheel. Another experiment was the classical spatial memory
assay—the Morris water maze—where experimenters had mice to swim
in water mixed with white paint that concealed the water depth.
Several mice were given daily injections of various substances before
being killed and dissected. The study, which Mars contends was legally
required in order for the company to make flavonoid-related health
claims, showed that the inclusion of epicatechin in the diet improved
memory and angiogenesis, and more so if coupled with
exercise.[57][58][59]
Mars has been criticized for buying cocoa beans from West African
farmers who reportedly use unpaid or poorly paid child laborers. In
2009, Mars announced that the company would work towards only
purchasing cocoa from suppliers who meet environmental, labor and
production standards. TransFair USA, an organization which certifies
products as Fair Trade, applauded the move and expressed hope that it
would include a provision for fair wages for laborers and farmers.[60]
In 2010, Mars Inc. received the U.S. Secretary of State’s Award for
Corporate Excellence.[61] In April 2010, Mars launched the
MyCocoaPaper initiative, which claims to provide economic
opportunities to women and families in
Indonesia

Indonesia by making paper
products out of cocoa bark and recycled office paper.[62]
In 2011, Mars and Fairtrade International announced an agreement to
introduce the first Fairtrade labeled Mars product and to work
together to enable farmers to have sustainable livelihoods and
substantially increased productivity. The first Mars product to carry
the Fairtrade mark will be Maltesers, to appear in stores in 2012 in
the UK and Ireland.[63]
In September 2017, an investigation[64] conducted by NGO Mighty Earth
found that a large amount of the cocoa used in chocolate produced by
Mars and other major chocolate companies was grown illegally in
national parks and other protected areas in
Ivory Coast

Ivory Coast and
Ghana.[65][66] The countries are the world’s two largest cocoa
producers.[67][68]
The report documents how in several national parks and other protected
areas, 90% or more of the land mass has been converted to cocoa.[69]
Less than four percent of
Ivory Coast

Ivory Coast remains densely forested, and
the chocolate companies’ laissez-faire approach to sourcing has
driven extensive deforestation in
Ghana

Ghana as well.[70] In Ivory Coast,
deforestation has pushed chimpanzees into just a few small pockets,
and reduced the country’s elephant population from several hundred
thousand to about 200-400.[71][72][73]
Products[edit]
Many Mars products are household, famous-name brands. Some of these
product lines are manufactured by Mars; others are manufactured by The
Wrigley Company.
Original products[edit]
A Bounty bar
Galaxy Minstrels
3 Musketeers
Arj
Bounty
Celebrations
Cirku
CocoaVia
Combos
Dolmio
Dove
Ebly
Ethel M
FLAVIA
Fling
Flyte
Galaxy
Galaxy Bubbles
Galaxy Minstrels
goodnessknows
Kudos
A
Twix

Twix bar
M-Azing
M&M's
Maltesers
Marathon
Mars
Masterfoods
Milky Way
Minstrels
Munch
Promite
Revels
Seeds of Change
Snickers
Topic
Tracker
Treets
Twix
Uncle Ben's Rice
Products manufactured by The Wrigley Company[edit]
5 gum cobalt packaging
5 (gum)
Airwaves
Alpine
Altoids
Big Red
Bubble Tape
Doublemint
Eclipse
Eclipse Ice
Excel
Extra
Freedent
Hubba Bubba
Juicy Fruit
Life Savers
Lockets
Orbit
Ouch!
Skittles
Spearmint
Starburst
Surpass
Tunes
Wrigley's
Winterfresh
Products for pet consumption[edit]
Pedigree dry dog food
ADVANCE (Australia and New Zealand only)
Aquarium

Aquarium Pharmaceuticals
Buckeye Nutrition
Cesar
Chappi
Dreamies
Eukanuba
Exelpet
Frolic
Good-o
Greenies
Iams
James Wellbeloved
Kit-e-kat
My Dog
Natura
Nutro Products
Pedigree
Optimum
Pill Pockets
Royal Canin
Schmackos
Sheba
Spillers
Teasers
Techni-Cal
Whiskas
Winergy
Wisdom Panel MX Mixed Breed DNA Test
Discontinued product lines[edit]
[citation needed]
AquaDrops
Bisc &
Cookies &
Pacers
PB Max
Royals
Spangles
Summit Cookie Bars
Banjo
Candy

Candy Bar
Bliss
Candy

Candy Bar
Services[edit]
Banfield, The Pet Hospital (managed by MMI company)
VCA Inc. animal hospital chain
BluePearl: Emergency & Specialty clinics.
Abaxis: Veterinary laboratory.
Sound: Veterinary Imagining.
Wisdom Panel: Pet DNA testing.
Awards and honors[edit]
The company was named by Fortune magazine as one of the top 100
companies to work for in 2013, citing the example that employees of
the pet food division can take their dogs to work.[74]
The company has made donations to Elizabethtown College, which
includes a room sponsored by them and a weekly executive lecture
series.[75][76]
Year
Association
Category
Nominee(s)
Result
2017
Diversity in Media Awards
Marketing Campaign of the Year
Maltesers

Maltesers - Dance Floor (TV Advert)
Nominated
See also[edit]
Virginia

Virginia portal
Companies portal
Food portal
Big Chocolate
List of food companies
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^ “How Much Rainforest Is in That Chocolate Bar?” World Resources
Institute. 6 August 2015.
^ “Cocoa farming and primate extirpation inside The Ivory Coast’s
protected areas.” Tropical Conservation Science. 8.1(2015): 95-113.
^ “Analyse qualitative des facteurs de déforestation et de
dégradation des forêts en Côte d’Ivoire"; Rapport Final, 10
November 2016
^ Covey, R. and McGraw, W. S. “Monkeys in a West African bushmeat
market: implications for cercopithecid conservation in eastern
Liberia.” Tropical Conservation Science. 7.1 (2014): 115-125.
^ Marchesi, P., Marchesi, N., Fruth, B., and Boesch, C. “Census and
Distribution of Chimpanzees in Cote D’Ivoire.” PRIMATES.
36.4(1995): 591-607.
^ “Poaching contributes to forest elephant declines in Côte
d’Ivoire, new numbers reveal.” WWF. 05 September 2011.
^ "100 Best Companies to Work For 2013 - Mars - Fortune". CNN.
^ "E-town Now – Elizabethtown College, M&M Mars partner to share
executive lectures".
^ "
Elizabethtown College

Elizabethtown College -Meeting and Conference Spaces".
Further reading[edit]
Stephen Beckett, Industrial Chocolate Manufacture and Use, Fourth
Edition, Wiley-Blackwell, 2008 ISBN 978-1-4051-3949-6.
External links[edit]
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