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Marketing orders and agreements in United States agricultural policy allow producers to promote AMS at USDA, Fruit and Vegetable Marketing Orders
/ref> An order can be terminated when a majority of all producers favor its termination or when the USDA determines that the order no longer serves its intended purpose. ''Marketing agreements'' may contain more diversified provisions, but are enforceable only against those handlers who enter into the agreement. They are authorized by the
Federal milk marketing orders regulate handlers that sell milk or milk products within an order region by requiring them to pay not less than an established minimum price for the Grade A milk they purchase from dairy producers, depending on how the milk is used. This classified pricing system requires handlers to pay a higher price for milk used for fluid consumption (Class I) than for milk used in manufactured dairy products such as yogurt, ice cream, cheese, butter and nonfat dry milk (Class II, Class III and Class IV products). The Federal Milk Marketing Order (FMMO) does not include certain states, such as Idaho.
Federal milk marketing orders were first instituted in the 1930s to promote orderly marketing conditions by, among other things, applying a uniform system of classified pricing throughout the farm milk market. The 1996 Farm Bill required the USDA to consolidate the number of federal milk marketing orders and to revise the method by which minimum class prices are determined. The USDA implemented these changes in 2000. There are now 10 milk marketing orders, down from 31 when the law was enacted.
Agricultural Marketing Service
in the Federal Register United States agricultural policy United States Department of Agriculture United States trade law Agricultural marketing
orderly marketing An orderly marketing arrangement is a non-legal treaty agreed upon by the national government stating that a sovereign state must refrain from exporting goods to a targeted negotiating sovereign state. These agreements relate directly to voluntary e ...
through collectively influencing the supply, demand, or price of a particular commodity. Research and promotion can be financed with pooled funds.
''Marketing orders'' are binding on all handlers of the commodity within the geographic area of regulation once it is approved by a required number of producers (usually two-thirds). An order may limit the quantity of goods marketed, or establish the grade, size, maturity, quality, or prices of the goods. The Agricultural Marketing Service
The Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS) is an agency of the United States Department of Agriculture; it maintains programs in five commodity areas: cotton and tobacco; dairy; fruit and vegetable; livestock and seed; and poultry. These program ...
of the United States Department of Agriculture
The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) is the federal executive department responsible for developing and executing federal laws related to farming, forestry, rural economic development, and food. It aims to meet the needs of com ...
(USDA) uses marketing orders to regulate the sale of dairy products and fruits and vegetables./ref> An order can be terminated when a majority of all producers favor its termination or when the USDA determines that the order no longer serves its intended purpose. ''Marketing agreements'' may contain more diversified provisions, but are enforceable only against those handlers who enter into the agreement. They are authorized by the
Agricultural Marketing Agreement Act of 1937
The Agricultural Marketing Agreement Act of 1937 provides authority for federal marketing orders, and also reaffirmed the marketing agreements provisions of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933.
Under the authority of this permanent law and ...
(AMAA), as amended. The AMAA was a piece of New Deal era legislation implemented for price stability and essential marketing functions in response to economic pressure faced by small farmers in the 1920s.
Except for DFA, they are not bound by federal orders and can pay producers whatever they want.
Milk
Federal milk marketing orders regulate handlers that sell milk or milk products within an order region by requiring them to pay not less than an established minimum price for the Grade A milk they purchase from dairy producers, depending on how the milk is used. This classified pricing system requires handlers to pay a higher price for milk used for fluid consumption (Class I) than for milk used in manufactured dairy products such as yogurt, ice cream, cheese, butter and nonfat dry milk (Class II, Class III and Class IV products). The Federal Milk Marketing Order (FMMO) does not include certain states, such as Idaho.
Federal milk marketing orders were first instituted in the 1930s to promote orderly marketing conditions by, among other things, applying a uniform system of classified pricing throughout the farm milk market. The 1996 Farm Bill required the USDA to consolidate the number of federal milk marketing orders and to revise the method by which minimum class prices are determined. The USDA implemented these changes in 2000. There are now 10 milk marketing orders, down from 31 when the law was enacted.
Raisins
The National Raisin Reserve was araisin
A raisin is a dried grape. Raisins are produced in many regions of the world and may be eaten raw or used in cooking, baking, and brewing. In the United Kingdom, Ireland, New Zealand, and Australia, the word ''raisin'' is reserved for the ...
reserve of the United States. It was created after World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing ...
by the government in order to control raisin prices. The reserve was run by the Raisin Administrative Committee. It was the subject of the 2013 and 2015 Supreme Court case '' Horne v. Department of Agriculture'' which found it an unconstitutional taking and ended it.
See also
*Flow to market In United States agriculture, flow to market is a quantity provision in a fruit or vegetable marketing order that does not change the total quantity that can be marketed during a season, but rather controls the rate or time period that quantities ca ...
* Marketing agreements
*Orderly marketing An orderly marketing arrangement is a non-legal treaty agreed upon by the national government stating that a sovereign state must refrain from exporting goods to a targeted negotiating sovereign state. These agreements relate directly to voluntary e ...
*Shipping holiday In United States agriculture, a shipping holiday is a fruit and vegetable marketing order feature that prohibits the commercial shipping of the regulated commodity during periods following certain holidays when demand is historically low, such as t ...
* Title 7 of the Code of Federal Regulations
References
* {{reflistExternal links
Agricultural Marketing Service
in the Federal Register United States agricultural policy United States Department of Agriculture United States trade law Agricultural marketing