Mario Humberto Nicolás Bravo (June 27, 1882 – March 17, 1944) was an Argentine politician and writer.

Life and times

Born in La Cocha,

Tucumán Province Tucumán () is the most densely populated, and the second-smallest by land area, of the provinces of Argentina. Located in the northwest of the country, the province has the capital of San Miguel de Tucumán, often shortened to Tucumán. Neigh ...

, in 1882, Bravo enrolled at the

University of Buenos Aires The University of Buenos Aires ( es, Universidad de Buenos Aires, UBA) is a public research university in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Established in 1821, it is the premier institution of higher learning in the country and one of the most prestigi ...

, and earned a Law Degree in 1905 after submitting his thesis on

labor legislation Labour laws (also known as labor laws or employment laws) are those that mediate the relationship between workers, employing entities, trade unions, and the government. Collective labour law relates to the tripartite relationship between employee, ...

. He joined the

Socialist Party Socialist Party is the name of many different political parties around the world. All of these parties claim to uphold some form of socialism, though they may have very different interpretations of what "socialism" means. Statistically, most of t ...

while a student, and in 1907, was named editor-in-chief of ''La Vanguardia'', one of the best-known socialist publications in Argentina, at the time. He also published numerous works of prose, poetry, and non-fiction, from 1909 onwards. Following Socialists' surprise victory in a 1913 Buenos Aires Senate seat race, Bravo was named second on the Socialist party list for the

City of Buenos Aires Buenos Aires ( or ; ), officially the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires ( es, link=no, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires), is the capital and primate city of Argentina. The city is located on the western shore of the Río de la Plata, on South Am ...

delegation to the Lower House of Congress, and in

1914 This year saw the beginning of what became known as World War I, after Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir to the Austrian throne was Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, assassinated by Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip. It als ...

, was elected to Congress with

cooperative movement The history of the cooperative movement concerns the origins and history of cooperatives across the world. Although cooperative arrangements, such as mutual insurance, and principles of cooperation existed long before, the cooperative movement bega ...

leader Nicolás Repetto and four others from the party. He was re-elected to Congress in 1918, and in 1923, was elected to the Senate. A member of a minority party in a Congress dominated by the rivalry between the centrist UCR and conservatives, Bravo introduced numerous pieces of legislation, particularly bills advancing labor law reforms and

women's rights Women's rights are the rights and entitlements claimed for women and girls worldwide. They formed the basis for the women's rights movement in the 19th century and the feminist movements during the 20th and 21st centuries. In some countries, ...

. He continued to write while in Congress, publishing poetry as well as political works. The Socialists entered a crisis ahead of the 1928 elections, when, during their 1927 convention, their party standard-bearer, Senator Juan B. Justo, selected former

University of La Plata The La Plata National University ( es, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, UNLP) is one of the most important Argentine national universities and the biggest one situated in the city of La Plata, capital of Buenos Aires Province. It has over 90 ...

Director José Nicolás Matienzo as his running mate. Justo died suddenly in January 1928, however, leaving Matienzo as the nominee. Viewed by Bravo's supporters as too conservative, the Matienzo pick led to a schism in which the latter ran for President on an Independent Socialist ticket, and Bravo ran on the official one. Matienzo, who received the support of much of the press, garnered far fewer votes; whereas Bravo, who staked his campaign on support from Buenos Aires, received no votes in the electoral college; however, Matienzo received 3 as a result of support from San Juan Governor

Federico Cantoni Federico (; ) is a given name and surname. It is a form of Frederick, most commonly found in Spanish, Portuguese and Italian. People with the given name Federico Artists * Federico Ágreda, Venezuelan composer and DJ. * Federico Aguilar Alcuaz ...

.''Diario Libre'': Historia electoral de la Argentina (1904-32)
The election resulted in a debacle for the Socialists, who were distantly outpolled by both UCR leader

Hipólito Yrigoyen Juan Hipólito del Sagrado Corazón de Jesús Yrigoyen (; 12 July 1852 – 3 July 1933) was an Argentine politician of the Radical Civic Union and two-time President of Argentina, who served his first term from 1916 to 1922 and his second ...

, as well as by conservatives. Following the 1930 overthrow of President

, Bravo negotiated a Civil Alliance between the Socialist Party and the PDP of the more conservative reformist,

Lisandro de la Torre Lisandro de la Torre (6 December 1868 – 5 January 1939) was an Argentine politician, born in Rosario, Santa Fe. He was considered as a model of ethics in politics. He was a national deputy and senator, a prominent polemicist, and founde ...

, in 1931. The Alliance became the leading party in opposition to the ruling Concordance following the deportation of UCR leader

Marcelo Torcuato de Alvear Máximo Marcelo Torcuato de Alvear Pacheco (4 October 1868 – 23 March 1942), was an Argentine lawyer and politician, who served as president of Argentina between from 1922 to 1928. His period of government coincided precisely with the en ...

; massive

voter fraud Electoral fraud, sometimes referred to as election manipulation, voter fraud or vote rigging, involves illegal interference with the process of an election, either by increasing the vote share of a favored candidate, depressing the vote share of ...

contributed to Alliance's defeat in the 1931 elections, however.Todo Argentina: 1931
/ref> Returned to the Senate by voters in 1932 (following Congress' suspension by a

coup d'état A coup d'état (; French for 'stroke of state'), also known as a coup or overthrow, is a seizure and removal of a government and its powers. Typically, it is an illegal seizure of power by a political faction, politician, cult, rebel group, m ...

against President Yrigoyen in 1930), Bravo became known for his work on arms control legislation. He was defeated in 1939, however, and resumed his post as editor-in-chief of ''La Vanguardia'', as well as of the news and commentary weekly ''Argentina Libre''. Elections in 1942 returned Bravo to public office, and he served as Congressman from Buenos Aires. His health had deteriorated, however, and he shortly afterwards donated his extensive library to the

University of Tucumán A university () is an institution of higher (or tertiary) education and research which awards academic degrees in several academic disciplines. Universities typically offer both undergraduate and postgraduate programs. In the United States, the ...

. Mario Bravo died in 1944, at age 61.

Bibliography

* ''Poemas del campo y de la montaña'' (''Poems from the Land and the Mountains'', 1909) * ''La huelga de mayo'' (''The May Strike'', 1909) * ''Movimiento socialista y obrero'' (''The Socialist Workers' Movement'', 1910) * ''Canciones y poemas'' (''Songs and Poems'', 1918), poetry * ''Canciones de la soledad'' (''Songs of Solitude'', 1920), poetry * ''Cuentos para los pobres'' (''Tales for the Poor'', 1923), short stories * ''Capítulos de la legislación obrera'' (''Chapters in Labor Law'', 1925) * ''Sociedades Cooperativas'' (''Cooperatives'', 1926) * ''Derechos civiles de la mujer'' (''A Woman's Civil Rights'', 1927) * ''En el surco'' (''In the Groove'', 1929), novel * ''La Revolución de ellos'' (''Their Revolution'', 1932)

References

http://escuelaps.com.ar/wp-content/files_mf/1394736117Tomo9MarioBravo.pdf {{DEFAULTSORT:Bravo, Mario 1882 births 1944 deaths People from Tucumán Province University of Buenos Aires alumni 20th-century Argentine lawyers Argentine journalists Argentine male journalists Argentine male writers Socialist Party (Argentina) politicians Members of the Argentine Chamber of Deputies elected in Buenos Aires Candidates for President of Argentina Members of the Argentine Senate for Buenos Aires 20th-century journalists