March 9

Events

Pre-1600

* 141 BC – Liu Che, posthumously known as Emperor Wu of Han, assumes the throne over the Han dynasty of China.
* 1009 – First known mention of Lithuania, in the annals of the monastery of Quedlinburg.
* 1226 – Khwarazmian sultan Jalal ad-Din conquers the Georgian capital of Tbilisi.
* 1230 – Bulgarian Tsar Ivan Asen II defeats Theodore of Epirus in the Battle of Klokotnitsa.
*1500 – The fleet of Pedro Álvares Cabral leaves Lisbon for the Indies. The fleet will discover Brazil which lies within boundaries granted to Portugal in the Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494.

1601–1900

*1701 – Safavid troops retreat from Basra, ending a three-year occupation.
* 1765 – After a campaign by the writer Voltaire, judges in Paris posthumously exonerate Jean Calas of murdering his son. Calas had been tortured and executed in 1762 on the charge, though his son may have actually died by suicide.
*1776 – '' The Wealth of Nations'' by Scottish economist and philosopher Adam Smith is published.
* 1796 – Napoléon Bonaparte marries his first wife, Joséphine de Beauharnais.
*1811 – Paraguayan forces defeat Manuel Belgrano at the Battle of Tacuarí.
* 1815 – Francis Ronalds describes the first battery-operated clock in the ''Philosophical Magazine''.
*1841 – The U.S. Supreme Court rules in the '' United States v. The Amistad'' case that captive Africans who had seized control of the ship carrying them had been taken into slavery illegally.
*1842 – Giuseppe Verdi's third opera, ''Nabucco'', receives its première performance in Milan; its success establishes Verdi as one of Italy's foremost opera composers.
* 1842 – The first documented discovery of gold in California occurs at Rancho San Francisco, six years before the California Gold Rush.
*1847 – Mexican–American War: The first large-scale amphibious assault in U.S. history is launched in the Siege of Veracruz.
* 1862 – American Civil War: and (rebuilt from the engines and lower hull of the USS ''Merrimack'') fight to a draw in the Battle of Hampton Roads, the first battle between two ironclad warships.

1901–present

* 1908 – Inter Milan was founded on ''Football Club Internazionale'', following a schism from A.C. Milan.
*1916 – Mexican Revolution: Pancho Villa leads nearly 500 Mexican raiders in an attack against the border town of Columbus, New Mexico.
* 1933 – Great Depression: President Franklin D. Roosevelt submits the Emergency Banking Act to Congress, the first of his New Deal policies.
*1942 – World War II: Dutch East Indies unconditionally surrendered to the Japanese forces in Kalijati, Subang, West Java, and the Japanese completed their Dutch East Indies campaign.
* 1944 – World War II: Soviet Army planes attack Tallinn, Estonia.
*1945 – World War II: A coup d'état by Japanese forces in French Indochina removes the French from power.
* 1945 – World War II: Allied forces carry out firebombing over Tokyo, destroying most of the capital and killing over 100,000 civilians.
* 1946 – Bolton Wanderers stadium disaster at Burnden Park, Bolton, England, kills 33 and injures hundreds more.
* 1954 – McCarthyism: CBS television broadcasts the '' See It Now'' episode, "A Report on Senator Joseph McCarthy", produced by Fred Friendly.
* 1956 – Soviet forces suppress mass demonstrations in the Georgian SSR, reacting to Nikita Khrushchev's de-Stalinization policy.
*1957 – The 8.6 Andreanof Islands earthquake shakes the Aleutian Islands, causing over $5 million in damage from ground movement and a destructive tsunami.
*1959 – The Barbie doll makes its debut at the American International Toy Fair in New York.
* 1960 – Dr. Belding Hibbard Scribner implants for the first time a shunt he invented into a patient, which allows the patient to receive hemodialysis on a regular basis.
* 1961 – Sputnik 9 successfully launches, carrying a dog and a human dummy, and demonstrating that the Soviet Union was ready to begin human spaceflight.
*1967 – Trans World Airlines Flight 553 crashes in a field in Concord Township, Ohio following a mid-air collision with a Beechcraft Baron, killing 26 people.
* 1974 – The Mars 7 Flyby bus releases the descent module too early, missing Mars.
*1976 – Forty-two people die in the Cavalese cable car disaster, the worst cable-car accident to date.
*1977 – The Hanafi Siege: In a 39-hour standoff, armed Hanafi Muslims seize three Washington, D.C., buildings.
* 1978 – President Soeharto inaugurated Jagorawi Toll Road, the first toll highway in Indonesia, connecting Jakarta, Bogor and Ciawi, West Java.
*1987 – Chrysler announces its acquisition of American Motors Corporation
*1997 – Comet Hale–Bopp: Observers in China, Mongolia and eastern Siberia are treated to a rare double feature as an eclipse permits Hale-Bopp to be seen during the day. As the comet made its closest approach to Earth on March 26, all 39 active members of the Heaven's Gate cult committed ritual mass suicide over a period of three days, in the belief that their spirits would be teleported into an alien spacecraft flying inside the comet's tail.
* 1997 – The Notorious B.I.G. is murdered in Los Angeles after attending the Soul Train Music Awards. He is gunned down leaving an after party at the Petersen Automotive Museum. His murder remains unsolved.
* 2011 – Space Shuttle ''Discovery'' makes its final landing after 39 flights.

Births

Pre-1600

*1451 – Amerigo Vespucci, Italian cartographer and explorer, namesake of the Americas (d. 1512)
* 1564 – David Fabricius, German theologian, cartographer and astronomer (d. 1617)
* 1568 – Aloysius Gonzaga, Italian saint, namesake of Gonzaga University (d. 1591)

1601–1900

*1662 – Franz Anton von Sporck, German noble (d. 1738)
*1697 – Friederike Caroline Neuber, German actress (d. 1760)
* 1737 – Josef Mysliveček, Czech violinist and composer (d. 1781)
* 1749 – Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau, French journalist and politician (d. 1791)
*1753 – Jean-Baptiste Kléber, French general (d. 1800)
* 1758 – Franz Joseph Gall, German neuroanatomist and physiologist (d. 1828)
*1763 – William Cobbett, English journalist and author (d. 1835)
* 1806 – Edwin Forrest, American actor and philanthropist (d. 1872)
*1814 – Taras Shevchenko, Ukrainian poet and playwright (d. 1861)
* 1815 – David Davis, American jurist and politician (d. 1886)
*1820 – Samuel Blatchford, American lawyer and jurist (d. 1893)
* 1824 – Amasa Leland Stanford, American businessman and politician, founded Stanford University (d. 1893)
*1847 – Martin Pierre Marsick, Belgian violinist, composer, and educator (d. 1924)
* 1850 – Hamo Thornycroft, English sculptor and academic (d. 1925)
* 1856 – Eddie Foy, Sr., American actor and dancer (d. 1928)
*1863 – Mary Harris Armor, American suffragist (d. 1950)
*1887 – Fritz Lenz

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