Malaysian general election, 1990
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A general election was held between Saturday, 20 October and Sunday, 21 October 1990 for members of the 8th
Parliament of Malaysia The Parliament of Malaysia ( ms, Parlimen Malaysia) is the national legislature of Malaysia, based on the Westminster system. The bicameral parliament consists of the Dewan Rakyat (House of Representatives, lit. "People's Assembly") and the D ...
. Voting took place in all 180 parliamentary constituencies of Malaysia, each electing one Member of Parliament to the Dewan Rakyat, the dominant house of Parliament. State elections also took place in 351 state constituencies in 11 (out of 13, except
Sabah Sabah () is a state of Malaysia located in northern Borneo, in the region of East Malaysia. Sabah borders the Malaysian state of Sarawak to the southwest and the North Kalimantan province of Indonesia to the south. The Federal Territory o ...
and
Sarawak Sarawak (; ) is a state of Malaysia. The largest among the 13 states, with an area almost equal to that of Peninsular Malaysia, Sarawak is located in northwest Borneo Island, and is bordered by the Malaysian state of Sabah to the northeast, ...
) states of Malaysia on the same day. The result was a victory for the
Barisan Nasional The National Front ( ms, Barisan Nasional; abbrev: BN) is a political coalition of Malaysia that was founded in 1973 as a coalition of centre-right and right-wing political parties. It is also the third largest political coalition with 30 ...
(BN) at the federal level and 10 of the 11 state elections. The opposition alliance Angkatan Perpaduan Ummah (APU) won a landslide victory over BN in the state of
Kelantan Kelantan (; Jawi: ; Kelantanese Malay: ''Klate'') is a state in Malaysia. The capital is Kota Bharu and royal seat is Kubang Kerian. The honorific name of the state is ''Darul Naim'' (Jawi: ; "The Blissful Abode"). Kelantan is located in th ...
, winning all 39 state assembly seats. Voter turnout was 72.3%.


Background

The elections marked the first after
United Malays National Organisation The United Malays National Organisation ( Malay: ; Jawi: ; abbreviated UMNO () or less commonly PEKEMBAR), is a nationalist right-wing political party in Malaysia. As the oldest continuous national political party within Malaysia (since its ...
(UMNO) party split and the subsequent
constitutional crisis In political science, a constitutional crisis is a problem or conflict in the function of a government that the political constitution or other fundamental governing law is perceived to be unable to resolve. There are several variations to this ...
in 1988. The reconstituted UMNO Baru (New UMNO), led by incumbent Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad, and the newly formed Parti Melayu Semangat 46 (S46), led by
Tengku Razaleigh Hamzah Tan Sri Tengku Razaleigh bin Tengku Mohd Hamzah ( Jawi: تڠکو غزالي بن تڠکو محمد حمزة; born 13 April 1937) is a Malaysian politician who served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Gua Musang from August 1986 to November ...
, contested for the first time in the elections. It also marked the first time in country general election history when a credible, multi-ethnic coalition have been formed the challenge the dominance of
Barisan Nasional The National Front ( ms, Barisan Nasional; abbrev: BN) is a political coalition of Malaysia that was founded in 1973 as a coalition of centre-right and right-wing political parties. It is also the third largest political coalition with 30 ...
. This also lead the country political scene from a dominant party system into
two party system A two-party system is a political party system in which two major political parties consistently dominate the political landscape. At any point in time, one of the two parties typically holds a majority in the legislature and is usually referr ...
. The Muslim opposition parties,
Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party The Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS; ms, Parti Islam Se-Malaysia; ms, ڤرتي إسلام سمليسيا, label= Jawi, script=arab, italic=unset) is an Islamist political party in Malaysia. As the party focused on Islamic fundamentalism, PAS's ...
(PAS), Semangat 46,
Barisan Jemaah Islamiah Se-Malaysia The Pan-Malaysian Islamic Front (, Jawi: باريسن جماعه اسلاميه سمليسيا often known by its ; acronym: BERJASA) is a political party in Malaysia. The party is part of a Malay-Islam based coalition named " Gerakan Tanah Air ...
(BERJASA) and Parti Hizbul Muslimin Malaysia (HAMIM) teamed up to form the Angkatan Perpaduan Ummah (APU). On the other hand, Semangat 46,
Democratic Action Party The Democratic Action Party (abbreviation: DAP; ms, Parti Tindakan Demokratik; ; ta, ஜனநாயக செயல் கட்சி) is a centre-left social democratic political party in Malaysia. As one of four component parties of the ...
(DAP) and
Parti Bersatu Sabah The United Sabah Party ( ms, Parti Bersatu Sabah, abbreviated PBS) is a political party of Sabah. The PBS was founded by Joseph Pairin Kitingan in 1985 and it is Sabah's oldest local party. In August 2020, PBS confirmed that they would be using ...
(PBS), which withdrew from the Barisan Nasional (BN) at the eleventh hour of the general election, teamed up as Gagasan Rakyat. However, these two opposition alliances cooperated in the election but not openly due to the sensitivity of the secular DAP and the Islamic PAS working together.


Results


Dewan Rakyat

At the federal level, the BN coalition under the leadership of incumbent Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad won 127 of the 180 parliament seats to form the federal government. , - ! rowspan=2 colspan=4 style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Party ! colspan=2 style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Vote ! colspan=3 style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Seats , - ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Votes ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , % ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Won ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , % ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , +/– , - , style="background-color: ;" , , colspan=2 style="text-align:left;", National Front, , BN, , 2,985,392, , 53.38, , 127, , 70.56, , -21 , -style="background:#EFEFEF;" , rowspan=10, , style="background-color: #E62020;" , , style="text-align:left;",
United Malays National Organisation The United Malays National Organisation ( Malay: ; Jawi: ; abbreviated UMNO () or less commonly PEKEMBAR), is a nationalist right-wing political party in Malaysia. As the oldest continuous national political party within Malaysia (since its ...
, , UMNO , , , , , , 71 , , 39.44 , , -12 , -style="background:#EFEFEF;" , style="background-color: #0000FF;" , , style="text-align:left;",
Malaysian Chinese Association The Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA; zh, 马来西亚华人公会; ; ta, மலேசிய சீனர் சங்கம், initially known as the Malayan Chinese Association) is a uni-racial political party in Malaysia that seeks to ...
, , MCA , , , , , , 18 , , 10.00 , , +1 , -style="background:#EFEFEF;" , style="background-color: red;" , , style="text-align:left;", United Traditional Bumiputera Party, , PBB, , 101,243 , , , , 10 , , 5.56 , , +2 , -style="background:#EFEFEF;" , style="background-color: #29AB87;" , , style="text-align:left;", Malaysian Indian Congress , , MIC , , , , , , 6 , , 3.33 , , 0 , -style="background:#EFEFEF;" , style="background-color: #008000;" , , style="text-align:left;",
United Sabah National Organisation The United Sabah National Organisation ( ms, Pertubuhan Kebangsaan Sabah Bersatu; abbrev: USNO) was a political party in North Borneo and later Sabah, Malaysia. The widely known Sabah's Muslim indigenous especially Suluk- Bajau ethnic based ...
, , USNO, , , , , , 6 , , 3.33 , , +1 , -style="background:#EFEFEF;" , style="background-color: #FF0000;" , , style="text-align:left;",
Malaysian People's Movement Party The Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia ( en, Malaysian People's Movement Party, commonly abbreviated as GERAKAN or less commonly as PGRM) is a liberal political party in Malaysia. Formed in 1968, Gerakan gained prominence in the 1969 general electio ...
, , Gerakan, , , , , , 5 , , 2.78 , , 0 , -style="background:#EFEFEF;" , , style="text-align:left;",
Sarawak Native People's Party The Sarawak Native People's Party or ms, Parti Bansa Dayak Sarawak (PBDS) was a political party in the state of Sarawak in Malaysia. It was established in 1983, by Datuk Amar Leo Moggie Irok, after seceding from Sarawak National Party (SNAP) ...
, , PBDS , , 22,590 , , , , 4 , , 2.22 , , -1 , -style="background:#EFEFEF;" , style="background-color: yellow;" , , style="text-align:left;",
Sarawak United People's Party The Sarawak United Peoples' Party, or SUPP (; ms, Parti Rakyat Bersatu Sarawak; Iban: ''Gerempong Sa'ati Rayat Sarawak'') is a multiracial centre-right local political party of Malaysia based in Sarawak. The SUPP president is Dr. Sim Kui Hi ...
, , SUPP , , 102,687 , , , , 4 , , 2.22 , , 0 , -style="background:#EFEFEF;" , style="background-color: ;" , , style="text-align:left;",
Sarawak National Party The Sarawak National Party known by its acronym as "SNAP", is now a defunct political party in Malaysia. It was a member party of the Alliance Party from 1963 to 1966 and a member of Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition from 1976 until its expulsion ...
, , SNAP, , 35,754 , , , , 3 , , 1.67 , , -1 , -style="background:#EFEFEF;" , style="background-color: #DAA520;" , , style="text-align:left;", People's Progressive Party, , PPP, , , , , , 0 , , 0.00 , , 0 , - , style="background-color: green;" , , colspan=2 style="text-align:left;", Parties in the informal coalition, Muslims Unity Movement, , APU, , 1,218,211, , 21.78, , 15, , 8.33, , New , -style="background:#EFEFEF;" , rowspan="2", , style="background-color: ;" , , style="text-align:left;",
Semangat 46 The Parti Melayu Semangat 46 or ''Spirit of 46 Malay Party (S46)'' is a now defunct Malaysian political party. The party was formed in 1988, and dissolved in 1996. It was formed by Tengku Razaleigh Hamzah's "Team B" faction of the United Malays ...
, , S46, , 826,398, , 14.77, , 8, , 4.44, , New , -style="background:#EFEFEF;" , style="background-color: ;" , , style="text-align:left;",
Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party The Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS; ms, Parti Islam Se-Malaysia; ms, ڤرتي إسلام سمليسيا, label= Jawi, script=arab, italic=unset) is an Islamist political party in Malaysia. As the party focused on Islamic fundamentalism, PAS's ...
, , PAS, , 391,813, , 7.01, , 7, , 3.89, , +6 , - , style="background-color: #ADD8E6;" , , colspan=2 style="text-align:left;", Parties in the informal coalition, People's Concept, , GR, , 1,113,488, , 19.91, , 34, , 18.89, , New , -style="background:#EFEFEF;" , rowspan="2", , style="background-color: ;" , , style="text-align:left;",
Democratic Action Party The Democratic Action Party (abbreviation: DAP; ms, Parti Tindakan Demokratik; ; ta, ஜனநாயக செயல் கட்சி) is a centre-left social democratic political party in Malaysia. As one of four component parties of the ...
, , DAP, , 985,228, , 17.61, , 20, , 11.11, , -4 , -style="background:#EFEFEF;" , style="background-color: #ADD8E6;" , , style="text-align:left;",
United Sabah Party The United Sabah Party ( ms, Parti Bersatu Sabah, abbreviated PBS) is a political party of Sabah. The PBS was founded by Joseph Pairin Kitingan in 1985 and it is Sabah's oldest local party. In August 2020, PBS confirmed that they would be usin ...
, , PBS, , 128,260, , 2.29, , 14, , 7.78, , +4 , - , , colspan=2 style="text-align:left;", Malaysian People's Party, , PRM, , , , , , 0, , 0.00, , 0 , - , , colspan=2 style="text-align:left;",
People's Justice Front People's Justice Front or in ms, Angkatan Keadilan Rakyat (AKAR) was a splinter party of Parti Bersatu Sabah (PBS) formed in 1989 which was led by Dusun and Bajau ethnic-based leaders namely Mark Koding, Kalakau Untol and Pandikar Amin Mulia. ...
, , AKAR, , , , , , 0, , 0.00, , New , - , , colspan=2 style="text-align:left;", Sarawak Malaysian People's Association, , PERMAS, , 27,618 , , , , 0, , 0.00, , New , - , , colspan=2 style="text-align:left;", Sarawak United Labour Party, , PLUS, , 162 , , , , 0, , 0.00, , 0 , - , style="background-color: ;" , , colspan=2 style="text-align:left;", Independents and other parties, , , , 276,136, , 4.94, , 4, , 2.22, , 0 , - , colspan=4 style="text-align:left;", Valid votes, , 5,593,227, , rowspan=2 colspan=4 style="background-color:#dcdcdc", , - , colspan=4 style="text-align:left;",
Invalid Invalid may refer to: * Patient, a sick person * one who is confined to home or bed because of illness, disability or injury (sometimes considered a politically incorrect term) * .invalid, a top-level Internet domain not intended for real use As t ...
/ blank votes, , 158,498 , - , colspan=4 style="text-align:left;", Total ( turnout: 72.3%), , 5,751,725, , 100.00, , 180, , 100.00, , +3 , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="4" , Did not vote, , 2,248,275, , rowspan="4" colspan="4" style="background-color:#dcdcdc", , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="4" , Registered voters, , 8,000,000 , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="4" , Voting age population (aged 21 years and above), , 8,882,000 , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="4" , Malaysian population, , 17,764,000 , - , colspan=9 style="text-align:left;", Source: Nohlen et al


Results by state


Johor

, - ! rowspan=2 colspan=4 style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Party ! rowspan=2 style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Candidates ! colspan=2 style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Vote ! colspan=3 style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Seats , - ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Votes ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , % ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Won ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , % ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , +/– , - , style="background-color: ;" , , colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" , National Front, , BN , , 18 , , , , , , 18 , , 100.00 , , 0 , -style="background:#EFEFEF;" , rowspan=3, , style="background-color: #E62020;" , , style="text-align:left;" ,
United Malays National Organisation The United Malays National Organisation ( Malay: ; Jawi: ; abbreviated UMNO () or less commonly PEKEMBAR), is a nationalist right-wing political party in Malaysia. As the oldest continuous national political party within Malaysia (since its ...
, , UMNO , , 12 , , , , , , 12 , , 66.67 , , 0 , -style="background:#EFEFEF;" , style="background-color: #0000FF;" , , style="text-align:left;" ,
Malaysian Chinese Association The Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA; zh, 马来西亚华人公会; ; ta, மலேசிய சீனர் சங்கம், initially known as the Malayan Chinese Association) is a uni-racial political party in Malaysia that seeks to ...
, , MCA , , 5 , , , , , , 5 , , 27.78 , , 0 , -style="background:#EFEFEF;" , style="background-color: #29AB87;" , , style="text-align:left;" , Malaysian Indian Congress , , MIC , , 1 , , , , , , 1 , , 5.56 , , 0 , - , style="background-color: ;" , , colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" ,
Democratic Action Party The Democratic Action Party (abbreviation: DAP; ms, Parti Tindakan Demokratik; ; ta, ஜனநாயக செயல் கட்சி) is a centre-left social democratic political party in Malaysia. As one of four component parties of the ...
, , DAP, , , , , , , , 0 , , 0.00 , , 0 , - , style="background-color: ;" , , colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" ,
Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party The Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS; ms, Parti Islam Se-Malaysia; ms, ڤرتي إسلام سمليسيا, label= Jawi, script=arab, italic=unset) is an Islamist political party in Malaysia. As the party focused on Islamic fundamentalism, PAS's ...
, , PAS , , , , , , , , 0 , , 0.00 , , 0 , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" , Valid votes, , , , rowspan=2 colspan="4" style="background-color:#dcdcdc", , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" ,
Invalid Invalid may refer to: * Patient, a sick person * one who is confined to home or bed because of illness, disability or injury (sometimes considered a politically incorrect term) * .invalid, a top-level Internet domain not intended for real use As t ...
/ blank votes, , , - , colspan="5" style="text-align:left;" , Total votes (
voter turnout In political science, voter turnout is the participation rate (often defined as those who cast a ballot) of a given election. This can be the percentage of registered voters, eligible voters, or all voting-age people. According to Stanford Univ ...
: %) , ,   , , 100.00 , , 18 , , 100.00 , , 0 , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" , Did not vote, , , , rowspan="4" colspan="4" style="background-color:#dcdcdc", , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" , Registered voters, ,   , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" , Voting age population (aged 21 years and above), ,   , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" , Johor's population, ,   , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan=10 , Source:


Kedah

, - ! rowspan=2 colspan=4 style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Party ! rowspan=2 style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Candidates ! colspan=2 style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Vote ! colspan=3 style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Seats , - ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Votes ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , % ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Won ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , % ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , +/– , - , style="background-color: ;" , , colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" , National Front, , BN , , 14 , , 300,705 , , 62.32 , , 14 , , 100.00 , , 0 , -style="background:#EFEFEF;" , rowspan=2, , style="background-color: #E62020;" , , style="text-align:left;" ,
United Malays National Organisation The United Malays National Organisation ( Malay: ; Jawi: ; abbreviated UMNO () or less commonly PEKEMBAR), is a nationalist right-wing political party in Malaysia. As the oldest continuous national political party within Malaysia (since its ...
, , UMNO , , 12 , , 258,834 , , 53.64 , , 12 , , 85.71 , , 0 , -style="background:#EFEFEF;" , style="background-color: #0000FF;" , , style="text-align:left;" ,
Malaysian Chinese Association The Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA; zh, 马来西亚华人公会; ; ta, மலேசிய சீனர் சங்கம், initially known as the Malayan Chinese Association) is a uni-racial political party in Malaysia that seeks to ...
, , MCA , , 2 , , 41,871 , , 8.68 , , 2 , , 14.29 , , 0 , - , style="background-color: ;" , , colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" ,
Semangat 46 The Parti Melayu Semangat 46 or ''Spirit of 46 Malay Party (S46)'' is a now defunct Malaysian political party. The party was formed in 1988, and dissolved in 1996. It was formed by Tengku Razaleigh Hamzah's "Team B" faction of the United Malays ...
, , S46, , 8 , , 99,007 , , 20.52 , , 0 , , 0.00 , , New , - , style="background-color: ;" , , colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" ,
Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party The Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS; ms, Parti Islam Se-Malaysia; ms, ڤرتي إسلام سمليسيا, label= Jawi, script=arab, italic=unset) is an Islamist political party in Malaysia. As the party focused on Islamic fundamentalism, PAS's ...
, , PAS , , 6 , , 76,936 , , 15.94 , , 0 , , 0.00 , , 0 , - , style="background-color: ;" , , colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" ,
Democratic Action Party The Democratic Action Party (abbreviation: DAP; ms, Parti Tindakan Demokratik; ; ta, ஜனநாயக செயல் கட்சி) is a centre-left social democratic political party in Malaysia. As one of four component parties of the ...
, , DAP, , 1 , , 5,360 , , 1.11 , , 0 , , 0.00 , , 0 , - , style="background-color: ;" , , colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" , Independents , , IND , , 1 , , 537 , , 0.11 , , 0 , , 0.00 , , 0 , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" , Valid votes, , 482,545 , , rowspan=2 colspan="4" style="background-color:#dcdcdc", , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" ,
Invalid Invalid may refer to: * Patient, a sick person * one who is confined to home or bed because of illness, disability or injury (sometimes considered a politically incorrect term) * .invalid, a top-level Internet domain not intended for real use As t ...
/ blank votes, , 14,838 , - , colspan="5" style="text-align:left;" , Total votes (
voter turnout In political science, voter turnout is the participation rate (often defined as those who cast a ballot) of a given election. This can be the percentage of registered voters, eligible voters, or all voting-age people. According to Stanford Univ ...
: %) , , 497,383 , , 100.00 , , 14 , , 100.00 , , 0 , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" , Did not vote, , , , rowspan="4" colspan="4" style="background-color:#dcdcdc", , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" , Registered voters, ,   , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" , Voting age population (aged 21 years and above), ,   , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" , Kedah's population, ,   , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan=10 , Source:


Kelantan

, - ! rowspan=2 colspan=4 style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Party ! rowspan=2 style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Candidates ! colspan=2 style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Vote ! colspan=3 style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Seats , - ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Votes ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , % ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Won ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , % ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , +/– , - , style="background-color: ;" , , colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" ,
Semangat 46 The Parti Melayu Semangat 46 or ''Spirit of 46 Malay Party (S46)'' is a now defunct Malaysian political party. The party was formed in 1988, and dissolved in 1996. It was formed by Tengku Razaleigh Hamzah's "Team B" faction of the United Malays ...
, , S46, , 7 , , 140,284 , , 34.19 , , 7 , , 53.85 , , New , - , style="background-color: ;" , , colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" , National Front, , BN , , 13 , , 134,273 , , 32.73 , , 0 , , 0.00 , , -12 , -style="background:#EFEFEF;" , rowspan=1, , style="background-color: #E62020;" , , style="text-align:left;" ,
United Malays National Organisation The United Malays National Organisation ( Malay: ; Jawi: ; abbreviated UMNO () or less commonly PEKEMBAR), is a nationalist right-wing political party in Malaysia. As the oldest continuous national political party within Malaysia (since its ...
, , UMNO , , 13 , , 134,273 , , 32.73 , , 0 , , 0.00 , , -12 , - , style="background-color: ;" , , colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" ,
Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party The Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS; ms, Parti Islam Se-Malaysia; ms, ڤرتي إسلام سمليسيا, label= Jawi, script=arab, italic=unset) is an Islamist political party in Malaysia. As the party focused on Islamic fundamentalism, PAS's ...
, , PAS , , 6 , , 133,251 , , 32.48 , , 6 , , 46.15 , , +5 , - , style="background-color: ;" , , colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" , Independents , , IND , , 7 , , 2,463 , , 0.60 , , 0 , , 0.00 , , 0 , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" , Valid votes, , 410,271 , , rowspan=2 colspan="4" style="background-color:#dcdcdc", , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" ,
Invalid Invalid may refer to: * Patient, a sick person * one who is confined to home or bed because of illness, disability or injury (sometimes considered a politically incorrect term) * .invalid, a top-level Internet domain not intended for real use As t ...
/ blank votes, , 10,228 , - , colspan="5" style="text-align:left;" , Total votes (
voter turnout In political science, voter turnout is the participation rate (often defined as those who cast a ballot) of a given election. This can be the percentage of registered voters, eligible voters, or all voting-age people. According to Stanford Univ ...
: %) , , 420,499 , , 100.00 , , 13 , , 100.00 , , 0 , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" , Did not vote, , , , rowspan="4" colspan="4" style="background-color:#dcdcdc", , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" , Registered voters, ,   , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" , Voting age population (aged 21 years and above), ,   , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" , Kelantan's population, ,   , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan=10 , Source:


Kuala Lumpur

, - ! rowspan=2 colspan=4 style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Party ! rowspan=2 style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Candidates ! colspan=2 style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Vote ! colspan=3 style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Seats , - ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Votes ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , % ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Won ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , % ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , +/– , - , style="background-color: ;" , , colspan=2 align=left, National Front, , BN , , , , , , , , , , , , , -style="background:#EFEFEF;" , rowspan=1, , style="background-color: #E62020;" , , align=left,
United Malays National Organisation The United Malays National Organisation ( Malay: ; Jawi: ; abbreviated UMNO () or less commonly PEKEMBAR), is a nationalist right-wing political party in Malaysia. As the oldest continuous national political party within Malaysia (since its ...
, , UMNO , , , , , , , , , , , , , - , style="background-color: ;" , , colspan=2 align=left,
Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party The Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS; ms, Parti Islam Se-Malaysia; ms, ڤرتي إسلام سمليسيا, label= Jawi, script=arab, italic=unset) is an Islamist political party in Malaysia. As the party focused on Islamic fundamentalism, PAS's ...
, , PAS , , , , , , , , , , , , , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" , Valid votes, , , , rowspan=2 colspan="4" bgcolor="dcdcdc", , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" ,
Invalid Invalid may refer to: * Patient, a sick person * one who is confined to home or bed because of illness, disability or injury (sometimes considered a politically incorrect term) * .invalid, a top-level Internet domain not intended for real use As t ...
/ blank votes, , , - , colspan="5" style="text-align:left;" , Total votes (
voter turnout In political science, voter turnout is the participation rate (often defined as those who cast a ballot) of a given election. This can be the percentage of registered voters, eligible voters, or all voting-age people. According to Stanford Univ ...
: %) , , , , 100.00 , , , , 100.00 , , , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" , Did not vote, , , , rowspan="4" colspan="4" bgcolor="dcdcdc", , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" , Registered voters, , , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" , Voting age population (aged 21 years and above), , , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" , Kuala Lumpur's population, , , - , align=left colspan=10, Source:


Labuan


Malacca

, - ! rowspan=2 colspan=4 style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Party ! rowspan=2 style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Candidates ! colspan=2 style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Vote ! colspan=3 style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Seats , - ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Votes ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , % ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Won ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , % ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , +/– , - , style="background-color: ;" , , colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" , National Front, , BN , , 5 , , , , , , 4 , , 80.00 , , 0 , -style="background:#EFEFEF;" , rowspan=2, , style="background-color: #E62020;" , , style="text-align:left;" ,
United Malays National Organisation The United Malays National Organisation ( Malay: ; Jawi: ; abbreviated UMNO () or less commonly PEKEMBAR), is a nationalist right-wing political party in Malaysia. As the oldest continuous national political party within Malaysia (since its ...
, , UMNO , , 3 , , , , , , 3 , , 60.00 , , 0 , -style="background:#EFEFEF;" , style="background-color: #0000FF;" , , style="text-align:left;" ,
Malaysian Chinese Association The Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA; zh, 马来西亚华人公会; ; ta, மலேசிய சீனர் சங்கம், initially known as the Malayan Chinese Association) is a uni-racial political party in Malaysia that seeks to ...
, , MCA , , 2 , , , , , , 1 , , 20.00 , , 0 , - , style="background-color: ;" , , colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" ,
Democratic Action Party The Democratic Action Party (abbreviation: DAP; ms, Parti Tindakan Demokratik; ; ta, ஜனநாயக செயல் கட்சி) is a centre-left social democratic political party in Malaysia. As one of four component parties of the ...
, , DAP, , , , , , , , 1 , , 20.00 , , 0 , - , style="background-color: ;" , , colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" ,
Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party The Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS; ms, Parti Islam Se-Malaysia; ms, ڤرتي إسلام سمليسيا, label= Jawi, script=arab, italic=unset) is an Islamist political party in Malaysia. As the party focused on Islamic fundamentalism, PAS's ...
, , PAS , , , , , , , , 0 , , 0.00 , , 0 , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" , Valid votes, , , , rowspan=2 colspan="4" style="background-color:#dcdcdc", , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" ,
Invalid Invalid may refer to: * Patient, a sick person * one who is confined to home or bed because of illness, disability or injury (sometimes considered a politically incorrect term) * .invalid, a top-level Internet domain not intended for real use As t ...
/ blank votes, , , - , colspan="5" style="text-align:left;" , Total votes (
voter turnout In political science, voter turnout is the participation rate (often defined as those who cast a ballot) of a given election. This can be the percentage of registered voters, eligible voters, or all voting-age people. According to Stanford Univ ...
: %) , ,   , , 100.00 , , 5 , , 100.00 , , 0 , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" , Did not vote, , , , rowspan="4" colspan="4" style="background-color:#dcdcdc", , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" , Registered voters, ,   , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" , Voting age population (aged 21 years and above), ,   , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" , Malacca's population, ,   , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan=10 , Source:


Negeri Sembilan

, - ! rowspan=2 colspan=4 style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Party ! rowspan=2 style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Candidates ! colspan=2 style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Vote ! colspan=3 style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Seats , - ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Votes ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , % ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Won ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , % ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , +/– , - , style="background-color: ;" , , colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" , National Front, , BN , , 7 , , , , , , 7 , , 100.00 , , +2 , -style="background:#EFEFEF;" , rowspan=3, , style="background-color: #E62020;" , , style="text-align:left;" ,
United Malays National Organisation The United Malays National Organisation ( Malay: ; Jawi: ; abbreviated UMNO () or less commonly PEKEMBAR), is a nationalist right-wing political party in Malaysia. As the oldest continuous national political party within Malaysia (since its ...
, , UMNO , , 4 , , , , , , 4 , , 57.14 , , 0 , -style="background:#EFEFEF;" , style="background-color: #0000FF;" , , style="text-align:left;" ,
Malaysian Chinese Association The Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA; zh, 马来西亚华人公会; ; ta, மலேசிய சீனர் சங்கம், initially known as the Malayan Chinese Association) is a uni-racial political party in Malaysia that seeks to ...
, , MCA , , 2 , , , , , , 2 , , 28.57 , , +2 , -style="background:#EFEFEF;" , style="background-color: #29AB87;" , , style="text-align:left;" , Malaysian Indian Congress , , MIC , , 1 , , , , , , 1 , , 14.29 , , 0 , - , style="background-color: ;" , , colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" ,
Democratic Action Party The Democratic Action Party (abbreviation: DAP; ms, Parti Tindakan Demokratik; ; ta, ஜனநாயக செயல் கட்சி) is a centre-left social democratic political party in Malaysia. As one of four component parties of the ...
, , DAP, , , , , , , , 0 , , 0.00 , , -2 , - , style="background-color: ;" , , colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" ,
Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party The Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS; ms, Parti Islam Se-Malaysia; ms, ڤرتي إسلام سمليسيا, label= Jawi, script=arab, italic=unset) is an Islamist political party in Malaysia. As the party focused on Islamic fundamentalism, PAS's ...
, , PAS , , , , , , , , 0 , , 0.00 , , 0 , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" , Valid votes, , , , rowspan=2 colspan="4" style="background-color:#dcdcdc", , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" ,
Invalid Invalid may refer to: * Patient, a sick person * one who is confined to home or bed because of illness, disability or injury (sometimes considered a politically incorrect term) * .invalid, a top-level Internet domain not intended for real use As t ...
/ blank votes, , , - , colspan="5" style="text-align:left;" , Total votes (
voter turnout In political science, voter turnout is the participation rate (often defined as those who cast a ballot) of a given election. This can be the percentage of registered voters, eligible voters, or all voting-age people. According to Stanford Univ ...
: %) , ,   , , 100.00 , , 7 , , 100.00 , , 0 , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" , Did not vote, , , , rowspan="4" colspan="4" style="background-color:#dcdcdc", , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" , Registered voters, ,   , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" , Voting age population (aged 21 years and above), ,   , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" , Negeri Sembilan's population, ,   , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan=10 , Source:


Pahang

, - ! rowspan=2 colspan=4 style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Party ! rowspan=2 style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Candidates ! colspan=2 style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Vote ! colspan=3 style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Seats , - ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Votes ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , % ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Won ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , % ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , +/– , - , style="background-color: ;" , , colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" , National Front, , BN , , 10 , , 203,504 , , 63.04 , , 10 , , 100.00 , , 0 , -style="background:#EFEFEF;" , rowspan=2, , style="background-color: #E62020;" , , style="text-align:left;" ,
United Malays National Organisation The United Malays National Organisation ( Malay: ; Jawi: ; abbreviated UMNO () or less commonly PEKEMBAR), is a nationalist right-wing political party in Malaysia. As the oldest continuous national political party within Malaysia (since its ...
, , UMNO , , 7 , , , , , , 7 , , 70.00 , , 0 , -style="background:#EFEFEF;" , style="background-color: #0000FF;" , , style="text-align:left;" ,
Malaysian Chinese Association The Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA; zh, 马来西亚华人公会; ; ta, மலேசிய சீனர் சங்கம், initially known as the Malayan Chinese Association) is a uni-racial political party in Malaysia that seeks to ...
, , MCA , , 3 , , , , , , 3 , , 30.00 , , 0 , - , style="background-color: ;" , , colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" ,
Semangat 46 The Parti Melayu Semangat 46 or ''Spirit of 46 Malay Party (S46)'' is a now defunct Malaysian political party. The party was formed in 1988, and dissolved in 1996. It was formed by Tengku Razaleigh Hamzah's "Team B" faction of the United Malays ...
, , S46 , , 5 , , 66,337 , , 20.55 , , 0 , , 0.00 , , 0 , - , style="background-color: ;" , , colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" ,
Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party The Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS; ms, Parti Islam Se-Malaysia; ms, ڤرتي إسلام سمليسيا, label= Jawi, script=arab, italic=unset) is an Islamist political party in Malaysia. As the party focused on Islamic fundamentalism, PAS's ...
, , PAS , , 3 , , 29,960 , , 9.28 , , 0 , , 0.00 , , 0 , - , style="background-color: ;" , , colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" ,
Democratic Action Party The Democratic Action Party (abbreviation: DAP; ms, Parti Tindakan Demokratik; ; ta, ஜனநாயக செயல் கட்சி) is a centre-left social democratic political party in Malaysia. As one of four component parties of the ...
, , DAP, , 2 , , 23,030 , , 7.13 , , 0 , , 0.00 , , 0 , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" , Valid votes, , , , rowspan=2 colspan="4" style="background-color:#dcdcdc", , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" ,
Invalid Invalid may refer to: * Patient, a sick person * one who is confined to home or bed because of illness, disability or injury (sometimes considered a politically incorrect term) * .invalid, a top-level Internet domain not intended for real use As t ...
/ blank votes, , , - , colspan="5" style="text-align:left;" , Total votes (
voter turnout In political science, voter turnout is the participation rate (often defined as those who cast a ballot) of a given election. This can be the percentage of registered voters, eligible voters, or all voting-age people. According to Stanford Univ ...
: %) , ,   , , 100.00 , , 10 , , 100.00 , , 0 , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" , Did not vote, , , , rowspan="4" colspan="4" style="background-color:#dcdcdc", , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" , Registered voters, ,   , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" , Voting age population (aged 21 years and above), ,   , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" , Pahang's population, ,   , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan=10 , Source:


Penang

, - ! rowspan=2 colspan=4 style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Party ! rowspan=2 style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Candidates ! colspan=2 style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Vote ! colspan=3 style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Seats , - ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Votes ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , % ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Won ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , % ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , +/– , - , style="background-color: ;" , , colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" , National Front, , BN , , 11 , , 213,532 , , 51.00 , , 5 , , 45.45 , , 0 , -style="background:#EFEFEF;" , rowspan=3, , style="background-color: #E62020;" , , style="text-align:left;" ,
United Malays National Organisation The United Malays National Organisation ( Malay: ; Jawi: ; abbreviated UMNO () or less commonly PEKEMBAR), is a nationalist right-wing political party in Malaysia. As the oldest continuous national political party within Malaysia (since its ...
, , UMNO , , 4 , , 85,315 , , 20.38 , , 4 , , 36.36 , , 0 , -style="background:#EFEFEF;" , style="background-color: #FF0000;" , , style="text-align:left;" ,
Malaysian People's Movement Party The Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia ( en, Malaysian People's Movement Party, commonly abbreviated as GERAKAN or less commonly as PGRM) is a liberal political party in Malaysia. Formed in 1968, Gerakan gained prominence in the 1969 general electio ...
, , Gerakan, , 4 , , 64,485 , , 15.40 , , 1 , , 9.09 , , 0 , -style="background:#EFEFEF;" , style="background-color: #0000FF;" , , style="text-align:left;" ,
Malaysian Chinese Association The Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA; zh, 马来西亚华人公会; ; ta, மலேசிய சீனர் சங்கம், initially known as the Malayan Chinese Association) is a uni-racial political party in Malaysia that seeks to ...
, , MCA , , 3 , , 63,732 , , 15.22 , , 0 , , 0.00 , , 0 , - , style="background-color: ;" , , colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" ,
Democratic Action Party The Democratic Action Party (abbreviation: DAP; ms, Parti Tindakan Demokratik; ; ta, ஜனநாயக செயல் கட்சி) is a centre-left social democratic political party in Malaysia. As one of four component parties of the ...
, , DAP, , 7 , , 170,053 , , 40.61 , , 6 , , 54.55 , , 0 , - , style="background-color: ;" , , colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" ,
Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party The Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS; ms, Parti Islam Se-Malaysia; ms, ڤرتي إسلام سمليسيا, label= Jawi, script=arab, italic=unset) is an Islamist political party in Malaysia. As the party focused on Islamic fundamentalism, PAS's ...
, , PAS , , 2 , , 14,322 , , 3.42 , , 0 , , 0.00 , , 0 , - , , colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" , Malaysian People's Party, , PRM , , 1 , , 13,620 , , 3.25 , , 0 , , 0.00 , , 0 , - , style="background-color: ;" , , colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" ,
Semangat 46 The Parti Melayu Semangat 46 or ''Spirit of 46 Malay Party (S46)'' is a now defunct Malaysian political party. The party was formed in 1988, and dissolved in 1996. It was formed by Tengku Razaleigh Hamzah's "Team B" faction of the United Malays ...
, , S46 , , 1 , , 7,174 , , 1.71 , , 0 , , 0.00 , , New , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" , Valid votes, , 418,701 , , rowspan=2 colspan="4" style="background-color:#dcdcdc", , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" ,
Invalid Invalid may refer to: * Patient, a sick person * one who is confined to home or bed because of illness, disability or injury (sometimes considered a politically incorrect term) * .invalid, a top-level Internet domain not intended for real use As t ...
/ blank votes, , 9,371 , - , colspan="5" style="text-align:left;" , Total votes (
voter turnout In political science, voter turnout is the participation rate (often defined as those who cast a ballot) of a given election. This can be the percentage of registered voters, eligible voters, or all voting-age people. According to Stanford Univ ...
: 73.75%) , , 428,072 , , 100.00 , , 11 , , 100.00 , , 0 , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" , Did not vote, , 152,336 , , rowspan="4" colspan="4" style="background-color:#dcdcdc", , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" , Registered voters, , 580,408 , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" , Voting age population (aged 21 years and above), ,   , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" , Penang's population, ,   , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan=10 , Source:


Perak

, - ! rowspan=2 colspan=4 style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Party ! rowspan=2 style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Candidates ! colspan=2 style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Vote ! colspan=3 style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Seats , - ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Votes ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , % ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Won ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , % ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , +/– , - , style="background-color: ;" , , colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" , National Front, , BN , , 23 , , 391,628 , , 56.17 , , 19 , , 82.61 , , 0 , -style="background:#EFEFEF;" , rowspan=4, , style="background-color: #E62020;" , , style="text-align:left;" ,
United Malays National Organisation The United Malays National Organisation ( Malay: ; Jawi: ; abbreviated UMNO () or less commonly PEKEMBAR), is a nationalist right-wing political party in Malaysia. As the oldest continuous national political party within Malaysia (since its ...
, , UMNO , , , , , , , , 11 , , 47.83 , , 0 , -style="background:#EFEFEF;" , style="background-color: #0000FF;" , , style="text-align:left;" ,
Malaysian Chinese Association The Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA; zh, 马来西亚华人公会; ; ta, மலேசிய சீனர் சங்கம், initially known as the Malayan Chinese Association) is a uni-racial political party in Malaysia that seeks to ...
, , MCA , , , , , , , , 3 , , 13.04 , , 0 , -style="background:#EFEFEF;" , style="background-color: #FF0000;" , , style="text-align:left;" ,
Malaysian People's Movement Party The Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia ( en, Malaysian People's Movement Party, commonly abbreviated as GERAKAN or less commonly as PGRM) is a liberal political party in Malaysia. Formed in 1968, Gerakan gained prominence in the 1969 general electio ...
, , Gerakan, , , , , , , , 3 , , 13.04 , , 0 , -style="background:#EFEFEF;" , style="background-color: #29AB87;" , , style="text-align:left;" , Malaysian Indian Congress , , MIC , , , , , , , , 2 , , 8.70 , , 0 , - , style="background-color: ;" , , colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" ,
Democratic Action Party The Democratic Action Party (abbreviation: DAP; ms, Parti Tindakan Demokratik; ; ta, ஜனநாயக செயல் கட்சி) is a centre-left social democratic political party in Malaysia. As one of four component parties of the ...
, , DAP, , 11 , , 186,147 , , 26.70 , , 4 , , 17.39 , , 0 , - , style="background-color: ;" , , colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" ,
Semangat 46 The Parti Melayu Semangat 46 or ''Spirit of 46 Malay Party (S46)'' is a now defunct Malaysian political party. The party was formed in 1988, and dissolved in 1996. It was formed by Tengku Razaleigh Hamzah's "Team B" faction of the United Malays ...
, , S46 , , 8 , , 82,865 , , 11.89 , , 0 , , 0.00 , , 0 , - , style="background-color: ;" , , colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" ,
Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party The Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS; ms, Parti Islam Se-Malaysia; ms, ڤرتي إسلام سمليسيا, label= Jawi, script=arab, italic=unset) is an Islamist political party in Malaysia. As the party focused on Islamic fundamentalism, PAS's ...
, , PAS , , 4 , , 33,955 , , 4.87 , , 0 , , 0.00 , , 0 , - , style="background-color: ;" , , colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" ,
Independent Independent or Independents may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Artist groups * Independents (artist group), a group of modernist painters based in the New Hope, Pennsylvania, area of the United States during the early 1930s * Independ ...
, , IND , , 2 , , 2,623 , , 0.38 , , 0 , , 0.00 , , 0 , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" , Valid votes, , , , rowspan=2 colspan="4" style="background-color:#dcdcdc", , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" ,
Invalid Invalid may refer to: * Patient, a sick person * one who is confined to home or bed because of illness, disability or injury (sometimes considered a politically incorrect term) * .invalid, a top-level Internet domain not intended for real use As t ...
/ blank votes, , , - , colspan="5" style="text-align:left;" , Total votes (
voter turnout In political science, voter turnout is the participation rate (often defined as those who cast a ballot) of a given election. This can be the percentage of registered voters, eligible voters, or all voting-age people. According to Stanford Univ ...
: %) , ,   , , 100.00 , , 23 , , 100.00 , , 0 , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" , Did not vote, , , , rowspan="4" colspan="4" style="background-color:#dcdcdc", , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" , Registered voters, ,   , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" , Voting age population (aged 21 years and above), ,   , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" , Perak's population, ,   , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan=10 , Source:


Perlis

, - ! rowspan=2 colspan=4 style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Party ! rowspan=2 style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Candidates ! colspan=2 style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Vote ! colspan=3 style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Seats , - ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Votes ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , % ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Won ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , % ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , +/– , - , style="background-color: ;" , , colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" , National Front, , BN , , 2 , , 47,767 , , 65.45 , , 2 , , 100.00 , , 0 , -style="background:#EFEFEF;" , rowspan=1, , style="background-color: #E62020;" , , style="text-align:left;" ,
United Malays National Organisation The United Malays National Organisation ( Malay: ; Jawi: ; abbreviated UMNO () or less commonly PEKEMBAR), is a nationalist right-wing political party in Malaysia. As the oldest continuous national political party within Malaysia (since its ...
, , UMNO , , 2 , , 47,767 , , 65.45 , , 2 , , 100.00 , , 0 , - , style="background-color: ;" , , colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" ,
Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party The Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS; ms, Parti Islam Se-Malaysia; ms, ڤرتي إسلام سمليسيا, label= Jawi, script=arab, italic=unset) is an Islamist political party in Malaysia. As the party focused on Islamic fundamentalism, PAS's ...
, , PAS , , 1 , , 13,154 , , 18.02 , , 0 , , 0.00 , , 0 , - , style="background-color: ;" , , colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" ,
Semangat 46 The Parti Melayu Semangat 46 or ''Spirit of 46 Malay Party (S46)'' is a now defunct Malaysian political party. The party was formed in 1988, and dissolved in 1996. It was formed by Tengku Razaleigh Hamzah's "Team B" faction of the United Malays ...
, , S46 , , 1 , , 12,056 , , 16.52 , , 0 , , 0.00 , , New , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" , Valid votes, , 72,977 , , rowspan=2 colspan="4" style="background-color:#dcdcdc", , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" ,
Invalid Invalid may refer to: * Patient, a sick person * one who is confined to home or bed because of illness, disability or injury (sometimes considered a politically incorrect term) * .invalid, a top-level Internet domain not intended for real use As t ...
/ blank votes, , 2,544 , - , colspan="5" style="text-align:left;" , Total votes (
voter turnout In political science, voter turnout is the participation rate (often defined as those who cast a ballot) of a given election. This can be the percentage of registered voters, eligible voters, or all voting-age people. According to Stanford Univ ...
: 76.21%) , , 75,521 , , 100.00 , , 2 , , 100.00 , , 0 , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" , Did not vote, , 23,570 , , rowspan="4" colspan="4" style="background-color:#dcdcdc", , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" , Registered voters, , 99,091 , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" , Voting age population (aged 21 years and above), ,   , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" , Perlis's population, ,   , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan=10 , Source:


Sabah

, - ! rowspan=2 colspan=4 style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Party ! rowspan=2 style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Candidates ! colspan=2 style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Vote ! colspan=3 style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Seats , - ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Votes ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , % ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Won ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , % ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , +/– , - , style="background-color: #ADD8E6;" , , colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" ,
United Sabah Party The United Sabah Party ( ms, Parti Bersatu Sabah, abbreviated PBS) is a political party of Sabah. The PBS was founded by Joseph Pairin Kitingan in 1985 and it is Sabah's oldest local party. In August 2020, PBS confirmed that they would be usin ...
, , PBS , , 14 , , 128,261 , , , , 14 , , 70.00 , , +7 , - , style="background-color: ;" , , colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" , National Front, , BN , , 7 , , 57,365 , , , , 6 , , 30.00 , , -2 , -style="background:#EFEFEF;" , rowspan=1, , style="background-color: #008000;" , , style="text-align:left;" ,
United Sabah National Organisation The United Sabah National Organisation ( ms, Pertubuhan Kebangsaan Sabah Bersatu; abbrev: USNO) was a political party in North Borneo and later Sabah, Malaysia. The widely known Sabah's Muslim indigenous especially Suluk- Bajau ethnic based ...
, , USNO , , , , , , , , 6 , , 30.00 , , -2 , - , style="background-color: ;" , , colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" ,
Democratic Action Party The Democratic Action Party (abbreviation: DAP; ms, Parti Tindakan Demokratik; ; ta, ஜனநாயக செயல் கட்சி) is a centre-left social democratic political party in Malaysia. As one of four component parties of the ...
, , DAP, , 9 , , 28,547 , , , , 3 , , 21.43 , , +1 , - , , colspan=2 style="text-align:left;",
People's Justice Front People's Justice Front or in ms, Angkatan Keadilan Rakyat (AKAR) was a splinter party of Parti Bersatu Sabah (PBS) formed in 1989 which was led by Dusun and Bajau ethnic-based leaders namely Mark Koding, Kalakau Untol and Pandikar Amin Mulia. ...
, , AKAR , , 4 , , 12,655 , , , , 6 , , 30.00 , , -2 , - , style="background-color: ;" , , colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" , Independents, , IND, , 24 , , 85,688 , , , , 4 , , 14.81 , , +2 , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" , Valid votes, , , , rowspan=2 colspan="4" style="background-color:#dcdcdc", , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" ,
Invalid Invalid may refer to: * Patient, a sick person * one who is confined to home or bed because of illness, disability or injury (sometimes considered a politically incorrect term) * .invalid, a top-level Internet domain not intended for real use As t ...
/ blank votes, , , - , colspan="5" style="text-align:left;" , Total votes (
voter turnout In political science, voter turnout is the participation rate (often defined as those who cast a ballot) of a given election. This can be the percentage of registered voters, eligible voters, or all voting-age people. According to Stanford Univ ...
: %) , ,   , , 100.00 , , 20 , , 100.00 , , 0 , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" , Did not vote, , , , rowspan="4" colspan="4" style="background-color:#dcdcdc", , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" , Registered voters, ,   , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" , Voting age population (aged 21 years and above), ,   , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" , Sabah's population, ,   , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan=10 , Source:


Sarawak

, - ! rowspan=2 colspan=4 style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Party ! rowspan=2 style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Candidates ! colspan=2 style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Vote ! colspan=3 style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Seats , - ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Votes ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , % ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Won ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , % ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , +/– , - , style="background-color: ;" , , colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" , National Front, , BN , , 27 , , 262,274 , , 57.09 , , 21 , , 77.78 , , 0 , -style="background:#EFEFEF;" , rowspan=4, , style="background-color: yellow;" , , style="text-align:left;" ,
Sarawak United People's Party The Sarawak United Peoples' Party, or SUPP (; ms, Parti Rakyat Bersatu Sarawak; Iban: ''Gerempong Sa'ati Rayat Sarawak'') is a multiracial centre-right local political party of Malaysia based in Sarawak. The SUPP president is Dr. Sim Kui Hi ...
, , SUPP , , 8 , , 102,687 , , 22.35 , , 4 , , 14.81 , , 0 , -style="background:#EFEFEF;" , style="background-color: red;" , , style="text-align:left;" , United Traditional Bumiputera Party, , PBB, , 10 , , 101,243 , , 22.04 , , 10 , , 37.04 , , +2 , -style="background:#EFEFEF;" , style="background-color: ;" , , style="text-align:left;" ,
Sarawak National Party The Sarawak National Party known by its acronym as "SNAP", is now a defunct political party in Malaysia. It was a member party of the Alliance Party from 1963 to 1966 and a member of Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition from 1976 until its expulsion ...
, , SNAP, , 5 , , 35,754 , , 7.78 , , 3 , , 11.11 , , -1 , -style="background:#EFEFEF;" , , style="text-align:left;" ,
Sarawak Native People's Party The Sarawak Native People's Party or ms, Parti Bansa Dayak Sarawak (PBDS) was a political party in the state of Sarawak in Malaysia. It was established in 1983, by Datuk Amar Leo Moggie Irok, after seceding from Sarawak National Party (SNAP) ...
, , PBDS , , 4 , , 22,590 , , 4.92 , , 4 , , 14.81 , , -1 , - , style="background-color: ;" , , colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" ,
Democratic Action Party The Democratic Action Party (abbreviation: DAP; ms, Parti Tindakan Demokratik; ; ta, ஜனநாயக செயல் கட்சி) is a centre-left social democratic political party in Malaysia. As one of four component parties of the ...
, , DAP, , 8 , , 87,017 , , 18.94 , , 2 , , 7.41 , , +1 , - , , colspan=2 style="text-align:left;", Sarawak Malaysian People's Association, , PERMAS, , 9 , , 27,618 , , 6.01 , , 0 , , 0.00 , , 0 , - , , colspan=2 style="text-align:left;", Sarawak United Labour Party, , PLUS, , 1 , , 162 , , 0.04 , , 0 , , 0.00 , , 0 , - , style="background-color: ;" , , colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" , Independents, , IND, , 25 , , 82,327 , , 17.92 , , 4 , , 14.81 , , +2 , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" , Valid votes, , 459,398 , , rowspan=2 colspan="4" style="background-color:#dcdcdc", , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" ,
Invalid Invalid may refer to: * Patient, a sick person * one who is confined to home or bed because of illness, disability or injury (sometimes considered a politically incorrect term) * .invalid, a top-level Internet domain not intended for real use As t ...
/ blank votes, , , - , colspan="5" style="text-align:left;" , Total votes (
voter turnout In political science, voter turnout is the participation rate (often defined as those who cast a ballot) of a given election. This can be the percentage of registered voters, eligible voters, or all voting-age people. According to Stanford Univ ...
: %) , ,   , , 100.00 , , 27 , , 100.00 , , +3 , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" , Did not vote, , , , rowspan="4" colspan="4" style="background-color:#dcdcdc", , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" , Registered voters, ,   , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" , Voting age population (aged 21 years and above), ,   , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" , Sarawak's population, ,   , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan=10 , Source:


Selangor

, - ! rowspan=2 colspan=4 style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Party ! rowspan=2 style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Candidates ! colspan=2 style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Vote ! colspan=3 style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Seats , - ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Votes ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , % ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Won ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , % ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , +/– , - , style="background-color: ;" , , colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" , National Front, , BN , , 14 , , , , , , 11 , , 78.57 , , -1 , -style="background:#EFEFEF;" , rowspan=3, , style="background-color: #E62020;" , , style="text-align:left;" ,
United Malays National Organisation The United Malays National Organisation ( Malay: ; Jawi: ; abbreviated UMNO () or less commonly PEKEMBAR), is a nationalist right-wing political party in Malaysia. As the oldest continuous national political party within Malaysia (since its ...
, , UMNO , , 7 , , , , , , 7 , , 50.00 , , 0 , -style="background:#EFEFEF;" , style="background-color: #0000FF;" , , style="text-align:left;" ,
Malaysian Chinese Association The Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA; zh, 马来西亚华人公会; ; ta, மலேசிய சீனர் சங்கம், initially known as the Malayan Chinese Association) is a uni-racial political party in Malaysia that seeks to ...
, , MCA , , 5 , , , , , , 2 , , 14.29 , , -1 , -style="background:#EFEFEF;" , style="background-color: #29AB87;" , , style="text-align:left;" , Malaysian Indian Congress , , MIC , , 2 , , , , , , 2 , , 14.29 , , 0 , - , style="background-color: ;" , , colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" ,
Democratic Action Party The Democratic Action Party (abbreviation: DAP; ms, Parti Tindakan Demokratik; ; ta, ஜனநாயக செயல் கட்சி) is a centre-left social democratic political party in Malaysia. As one of four component parties of the ...
, , DAP, , , , , , , , 3 , , 21.43 , , +1 , - , style="background-color: ;" , , colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" ,
Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party The Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS; ms, Parti Islam Se-Malaysia; ms, ڤرتي إسلام سمليسيا, label= Jawi, script=arab, italic=unset) is an Islamist political party in Malaysia. As the party focused on Islamic fundamentalism, PAS's ...
, , PAS , , , , , , , , 0 , , 0.00 , , 0 , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" , Valid votes, , , , rowspan=2 colspan="4" style="background-color:#dcdcdc", , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" ,
Invalid Invalid may refer to: * Patient, a sick person * one who is confined to home or bed because of illness, disability or injury (sometimes considered a politically incorrect term) * .invalid, a top-level Internet domain not intended for real use As t ...
/ blank votes, , , - , colspan="5" style="text-align:left;" , Total votes (
voter turnout In political science, voter turnout is the participation rate (often defined as those who cast a ballot) of a given election. This can be the percentage of registered voters, eligible voters, or all voting-age people. According to Stanford Univ ...
: %) , ,   , , 100.00 , , 14 , , 100.00 , , 0 , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" , Did not vote, , , , rowspan="4" colspan="4" style="background-color:#dcdcdc", , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" , Registered voters, ,   , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" , Voting age population (aged 21 years and above), ,   , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" , Selangor's population, ,   , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan=10 , Source:


Terengganu

, - ! rowspan=2 colspan=4 style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Party ! rowspan=2 style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Candidates ! colspan=2 style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Vote ! colspan=3 style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Seats , - ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Votes ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , % ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , Won ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , % ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" , +/– , - , style="background-color: ;" , , colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" , National Front, , BN , , 8 , , 141,855 , , 54.14 , , 6 , , 75.00 , , -2 , -style="background:#EFEFEF;" , rowspan=1, , style="background-color: #E62020;" , , style="text-align:left;" ,
United Malays National Organisation The United Malays National Organisation ( Malay: ; Jawi: ; abbreviated UMNO () or less commonly PEKEMBAR), is a nationalist right-wing political party in Malaysia. As the oldest continuous national political party within Malaysia (since its ...
, , UMNO , , 8 , , 141,855 , , 54.14 , , 6 , , 75.00 , , -2 , - , style="background-color: ;" , , colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" ,
Semangat 46 The Parti Melayu Semangat 46 or ''Spirit of 46 Malay Party (S46)'' is a now defunct Malaysian political party. The party was formed in 1988, and dissolved in 1996. It was formed by Tengku Razaleigh Hamzah's "Team B" faction of the United Malays ...
, , S46 , , 4 , , 62,006 , , 23.66 , , 1 , , 12.50 , , New , - , style="background-color: ;" , , colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" ,
Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party The Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS; ms, Parti Islam Se-Malaysia; ms, ڤرتي إسلام سمليسيا, label= Jawi, script=arab, italic=unset) is an Islamist political party in Malaysia. As the party focused on Islamic fundamentalism, PAS's ...
, , PAS , , 4 , , 57,593 , , 21.98 , , 1 , , 12.50 , , +1 , - , style="background-color: ;" , , colspan=2 colspan=2 style="text-align:left;", Independents, , IND, , 2 , , 566 , , 0.22 , , 0 , , 0.00 , , 0 , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" , Valid votes, , 262,020 , , rowspan=2 colspan="4" style="background-color:#dcdcdc", , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" ,
Invalid Invalid may refer to: * Patient, a sick person * one who is confined to home or bed because of illness, disability or injury (sometimes considered a politically incorrect term) * .invalid, a top-level Internet domain not intended for real use As t ...
/ blank votes, , 7,068 , - , colspan="5" style="text-align:left;" , Total votes (
voter turnout In political science, voter turnout is the participation rate (often defined as those who cast a ballot) of a given election. This can be the percentage of registered voters, eligible voters, or all voting-age people. According to Stanford Univ ...
: 82.44%) , , 269,088 , , 100.00 , , 8 , , 100.00 , , 0 , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" , Did not vote, , 57,328 , , rowspan="4" colspan="4" style="background-color:#dcdcdc", , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" , Registered voters, , 326,416 , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" , Voting age population (aged 21 years and above), ,   , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="5" , Terengganu's population, ,   , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan=10 , Source:


State Assemblies

At the state level, the BN won 10 out of the 11 state elections. The APU won all 39 state seats in
Kelantan Kelantan (; Jawi: ; Kelantanese Malay: ''Klate'') is a state in Malaysia. The capital is Kota Bharu and royal seat is Kubang Kerian. The honorific name of the state is ''Darul Naim'' (Jawi: ; "The Blissful Abode"). Kelantan is located in th ...
to form the state government, with 24 seats going to PAS and 15 for Semangat 46.


References


Arah Aliran Malaysia: Penilaian Pilihan Raya
satu himpunan kerta kertas 62-halaman daripada Institut Penyelidikan Asia Tenggara selepas pilihan raya 1999. {{Malaysian elections
1990 File:1990 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1990 FIFA World Cup is played in Italy; The Human Genome Project is launched; Voyager I takes the famous Pale Blue Dot image- speaking on the fragility of humanity on Earth, astrophysicist ...
General election October 1990 events in Asia