The MV ''Kerlogue'' was an Irish ship attacked in World War II that has become the exemplar of Neutral country, neutral Irish ships during the war. The ''Kerlogue'' was a very small ship that was attacked by both sides and Duty to rescue, rescued people from both sides. She was almost sunk by a German Naval mine, mine and was Strafing, strafed by the No. 307 Polish Night Fighter Squadron of the Royal Air Force. She rescued the ''Wild Rose'' of Liverpool and the survivors of the German destroyer German destroyer Z27, ''Z27'' and its escort, the survivors of which, in the latter case, were brought back to Ireland and interned until the end of hostilities.

Background

Coasters

Transport within Ireland was very difficult in the aftermath of the Irish War of Independence, Anglo-Irish War (1919–1921) and the subsequent Irish Civil War, Civil War (1921–1922). The road network had been neglected since World War I. Ireland had never had a comprehensive rail system due to the low population density of the country and those which had been built were reduced in capacity due to economic circumstances before the Second World War. It was therefore, often, faster and more economic to transport goods around the coast, rather than by road or rail. Coastal trading vessel, CoastersCoaster: as the name implies, these ships were suited to travelling close to shore, between ports on the same island. They were suited for shallow waters, unsuited for the oceans. The assumption was that if a storm threatened they could promptly reach the safety of a harbour. fulfilled this need. The MV ''Kerlogue'' was such a coaster.

World War II

At the outbreak of World War II Ireland found itself with an inadequate number of ships. The number of ships had been declining, from 127 in 1923 to 56 in September 1939. Most of Ireland's international trade was carried on Red Ensign, British Flagged vessels; with the outbreak of the war, most of these were no longer available. The United States ordered its ships not to enter the 'wikt:war zone, war zone'. As Irish-bound cargos were brought as far as Portugal, ships such as the ''Kerlogue'' found themselves on voyages for which they were not intended. The usual route was to carry Irish agricultural exports to Britain. There they were refuelled and took on a British export to Spain or Portugal; often coal for the Lisbon electric power station. They travelled along the line of longitude at 12° West, while Allied convoys to Gibraltar were 20° West. Having discharged that export, they would collect the American cargo and return with it. Typical cargoes would have been: fertiliser, agricultural machinery, or wheat. If the American goods had not arrived, a "cargo of opportunity", such as wheat or fruit, was purchased.

Construction

The MV ''Kerlogue'' was built in Rotterdam, Netherlands in September 1939, just prior to the outbreak of the war. She was long and measured 335 Gross register tonnage, gross register tons. Her Freeboard (nautical), freeboard (height of deck above waterline, sea level) was just .Coasters were intended to travel near the coast; if a storm arose they would head for the nearest harbour; so, a low freeboard was acceptable She had a crew of eleven. Like other Irish ships, the word EIRE and the Flag of Ireland, Irish tricolour were painted large on her sides and deck.

''Wild Rose'' of Liverpool

On 2 April 1941 a British convoy was attacked by German bombers, two miles south of Tuskar Rock, Ireland, Tuskar Rock. Flare gun, Distress rockets were seen by the ''Kerlogue'' which altered course to assist. A burning oil tanker, without survivors, and a crippled Collier (ship type), collier, the ''Wild Rose'' of Liverpool, were found. The collier was slowly sinking, had no power and her Lifeboat (shipboard), lifeboats had been destroyed by the bombing. The ''Kerlogue'' took the larger ''Wild Rose'' in tow and rescued the crew of thirteen. The ''Wild Rose'' was Beach (nautical), beached on Rosslare Strand to prevent her sinking. The ''Kerlogue'' was awarded £4,000 for Marine salvage, salvage. The ''Wild Rose'' was repaired in the River Liffey, Liffey dockyard. On 7 October 1941, while sailing from Swansea to Wexford, the ''Kerlogue'' struck a mine in Cardigan Bay.

RAF attack

On 23 October 1943, south of Ireland, on passage from Port Talbot to Lisbon with a cargo of coal, the ''Kerlogue'' was circled by an RAAF Short Sunderland, Sunderland flying boat. Three hours later, she was attacked by two initially unidentified aircraft, later found to have been De Havilland Mosquito, Mosquito fighters of No. 307 Polish Night Fighter Squadron. For twenty minutes they repeatedly dived on the ''Kerlogue'' firing their Oerlikon 20 mm cannon, cannons. Another RAAF Sunderland came by at six in the evening. By Signal lamp, Aldis lamp, the ''Kerlogue'' requested an escort and medical assistance. The Sunderland replied that help could not be given. The ''Kerlogue'' limped back to Cobh. When her cargo of coal was discharged, Shell (projectile), shell fragments of British origin were found. It was that cargo of coal which saved the ''Kerlogue''; without it, the shells would have penetrated her Hull (watercraft), hull. The British Naval Attaché in Dublin reported to the Naval Intelligence Division (United Kingdom), Director of Naval Intelligence that it was "unfortunate from a British point of view" that Captain Fortune had been involved in the ''Kerlogue'' incident as he was "always ready to pass on any information in his possession". The RAF would not apportion blame on the Poles, as the ''Kerlogue'' was "east of 12 degrees west". According to an Admiralty report, the RAF had been "warned to expect the ''Kerlogue''", they "knew she was at sea on the day of the attack", there was "nothing suspicious" about the ship, "anyone but Polish pilots would have hesitated to attack". The matter was considered by the War Cabinet which authorised ex gratia payments to the injured crew. Captain Desmond Fortune, who would never walk unaided again, was succeeded by Captain Thomas Donohue. He had been captain of ''The Lady Belle'' of Waterford when she was bombed by the Luftwaffe. Donohue had spent eight hours in a lifeboat mid-Atlantic when the German ''U-607'' torpedoed the .

''Z27, T25'' and ''T26''

On 29 December 1943, following repairs in Cork, the ''Kerlogue'' was south of Fastnet Rock, on passage from Lisbon to Dublin with a cargo of oranges, when she was circled by a German long range reconnaissance aircraft signalling "SOS" and heading southeast. The Kerlogue altered course to southeast, where she came upon an appalling scene. The German German destroyer Z27, ''Z27'' and two Elbing class torpedo boat, ''Elbing'' class torpedo boats, German torpedo boat T25, ''T25'' and German torpedo boat T26, ''T26'', had been sunk. More than 700 men, most of them dead, were in the water. They had intended to escort '' Alsterufer'','' Alsterufer'' had already been sunk a blockade runner. The cruisers and , as part of Operation Stonewall, with their guns sank the German ships while beyond their range of fire (more than ten miles)Operation Stonewall consisted of a number of engagements. Eight German ships were engaged. The ''Kerlogue'' spent ten hours plucking survivors from the water. 168 were rescued, although four died on board.A further 62 were rescued by Royal Navy minesweepers, and four by Spanish destroyers. This was remarkable, given that the ''Kerlogue'' was only long. The cargo of oranges saved the rescued from dehydration. Captain Donohue ignored the German request to bring them to Brest, France, Brest or La Rochelle. He also ignored British radio orders from Land's End to go to Fishguard. He berthed at Cobh on 1 January 1944. Earlier German submarine U-505, U-505 had rescued 34 survivors. Later U-618 rescued a further 21. The rescued Germans remained at the Curragh Camp, Curragh internment camp until the war was over. Two are buried in Glencree#German war cemetery, Glencree German War Cemetery.

Post-war

In the post-war period, the rescue of the Germans was rarely mentioned, until 27 April 1994, when then-Senator Dick Roche spoke, in the Seanad Éireann, Senate, of his father's role:

"... My late father was a seaman with the Wexford Steamship Company. He served the nation, like so many young men, through dangerous times in the war years. In every sense he and his colleagues put their lives on the line day after day, in ships which today would not be licensed to go on the high seas, to bring supplies to this nation. Many of his colleagues and friends and many people from Wexford and around the coast paid the ultimate price in serving this nation by losing their lives. The ships were so rickety, old and derelict that we would not go to sea in them today. Yet, these brave, perhaps foolhardy, men crossed the Atlantic, went to the Mediterranean and North African coast and kept Ireland supplied with vital provisions. My father's ship, the ''Kerlogue'', was involved in one of the great rescues of the war. One of the proudest possessions I have is a decoration awarded to him and other members of the crew for rescuing German sailors in the Bay of Biscay in December 1943, when they hauled hundreds of young men from the water ... ... "

The ''Kerlogue'' was sold to Norway in 1957 and was wrecked off Tromsø in 1960. On 27 May 1994 the German Navy expressed its thanks in a ceremony at the National Maritime Museum of Ireland attended by President Mary Robinson. Some sketches of the rescue, (reproduced on this page) drawn while in the Curragh were presented and remain on display with other artefacts. The rescue by the ''Kerlogue'' has been recreated in a novel entitled, ''The Lonely Sea and Sky'' by the Irish poet and novelist, Dermot Bolger, whose father sailed during the war on the ''Kerlogue''’s sister ship, the MV ''Edenvale''. Bolger's novel is part historical fiction and part coming-of-age tale in charting the maiden voyage of a fictional fourteen-year-old Wexford boy, Jack Roche, who gets a job as a cabin boy on the ''Kerlogue'' in December 1943, on the eve of this treacherous wartime journey to Portugal. Jack has lost his seafaring father on board the ''Kyleclare'', sunk by a U-boat on this same route, and goes to sea to support his family. His innate decency makes him join in this dangerous rescue of members of a navy whom he passionately hates for having killed his father. He comes to see the terrified German survivors not as part of a vicious murder machine but as shivering, wounded individuals, some little older than him, caught in a war that is not of their own making. The novel is premised around a view that The ''Kerlogue's'' crew obeyed an unwritten code to save any lives they could. In risking their lives, they recognised the drowning Germans not as combatants but as fellow sailors, and honoured what sailors traditionally believe the initials SOS stand for: “Save our Souls”.

Footnotes

Notes

References

* * * * * * * * * * https://web.archive.org/web/20050204000054/http://www.irishecho.com/newspaper/story.cfm?id=15828 a copy of the wildgeese pages * https://web.archive.org/web/20121113183120/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ww2peopleswar/stories/30/a6848030.shtml another copy * {{DEFAULTSORT:Kerlogue Merchant ships of the Republic of Ireland 1938 ships Independent Ireland in World War II Maritime history of Ireland Merchant ships of Norway Maritime incidents in 1960 Shipwrecks in the Norwegian Sea Ships built in Rotterdam