Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3, also known as p44MAPK and ERK1, is an

enzyme Enzymes () are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different molecules known as products ...

that in humans is encoded by the ''MAPK3''

gene In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a b ...

Function

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the

mitogen-activated protein kinase A mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK or MAP kinase) is a type of protein kinase that is specific to the amino acids serine and threonine (i.e., a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase). MAPKs are involved in directing cellular response ...

(MAP kinase) family. MAP kinases, also known as extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs), act in a signaling cascade that regulates various cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and

cell cycle The cell cycle, or cell-division cycle, is the series of events that take place in a cell that cause it to divide into two daughter cells. These events include the duplication of its DNA (DNA replication) and some of its organelles, and sub ...

progression in response to a variety of extracellular signals. This kinase is activated by upstream kinases, resulting in its translocation to the nucleus where it phosphorylates nuclear targets. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different protein

isoforms A protein isoform, or "protein variant", is a member of a set of highly similar proteins that originate from a single gene or gene family and are the result of genetic differences. While many perform the same or similar biological roles, some iso ...

have been described.

Clinical significance

It has been suggested that MAPK3, along with the gene

IRAK1 Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK-1) is an enzyme in humans encoded by the ''IRAK1'' gene. IRAK-1 plays an important role in the regulation of the expression of inflammatory genes by immune cells, such as monocytes and macrophages, ...

, is turned off by two

microRNA MicroRNA (miRNA) are small, single-stranded, non-coding RNA molecules containing 21 to 23 nucleotides. Found in plants, animals and some viruses, miRNAs are involved in RNA silencing and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. mi ...

s that were activated after the influenza A virus had been made to infect human lung cells.

Signaling pathways

Pharmacological inhibition of ERK1/2 restores GSK3β activity and protein synthesis levels in a model of

tuberous sclerosis Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare multisystem autosomal dominant genetic disease that causes non-cancerous tumours to grow in the brain and on other vital organs such as the kidneys, heart, liver, eyes, lungs and skin. A combination ...

Interactions

MAPK3 has been shown to

interact Advocates for Informed Choice, doing business as, dba interACT or interACT Advocates for Intersex Youth, is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization using innovative strategies to advocate for the legal and human rights of children with intersex trai ...

with: * DUSP3, * DUSP6 *

GTF2I General transcription factor II-I is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''GTF2I'' gene. Function This gene encodes a multifunctional phosphoprotein, TFII-I, with roles in transcription and signal transduction. Haploinsuffiency (deletio ...

, *

HDAC4 Histone deacetylase 4, also known as HDAC4, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''HDAC4'' gene. Function Histones play a critical role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression, and developmental events. Histone acetylation ...

, * MAP2K1, *

MAP2K2 Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''MAP2K2'' gene. It is more commonly known as MEK2, but has many alternative names including CFC4, MKK2, MAPKK2 and PRKMK2. Function The ...

, *

PTPN7 Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 7 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''PTPN7'' gene. Function The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family. PTPs are known to be signali ...

, *

RPS6KA2 Ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''RPS6KA2'' gene. This gene encodes a member of the RSK (ribosomal S6 kinase) family of serine and threonine kinases. This kinase contains 2 non-identical kinase ca ...

, and *

SPIB Transcription factor Spi-B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SPIB'' gene. Function SPI1 (MIM 165170) and SPIB are members of a subfamily of ETS (see ETS1; MIM 164720) transcription factors. ETS proteins share a conserved ETS do ...

References

External links