Máximo San Román Cáceres (born 14 April 1946) is a Peruvian mechanical engineer, businessman and former politician. He was

President of Peru The president of Peru ( es, link=no, presidente del Perú), officially called the president of the Republic of Peru ( es, link=no, presidente de la República del Perú), is the head of state and head of government of Peru. The president is th ...

between 1992 and 1993, a term that was marked by the authoritarian government of

Alberto Fujimori Alberto Kenya Fujimori Inomoto ( or ; born 28 July 1938) is a Peruvian politician, professor and former engineer who was President of Peru from 28 July 1990 until 22 November 2000. Frequently described as a dictator, * * * * * * he remains a ...

. Considered the legal Head of State during Fujimori's ruling by decree of his

self-coup A self-coup, also called autocoup (from the es, autogolpe), is a form of coup d'état in which a nation's head, having come to power through legal means, tries to stay in power through illegal means. The leader may dissolve or render powerless ...

, he did not hold real power.

Biography

He was born in the District of Cusipata,

Quispicanchi Province Quispicanchi Province is one of thirteen provinces in the Cusco Region in the southern highlands of Peru. Geography The Quispicanchi Province is bounded to the north by the Paucartambo Province and the Madre de Dios Region, to the east by the ...

, Cusco on April 14, 1946. Son of Julio San Román and María Natividad Cáceres. He completed his primary studies at the Fiscal School No. 729 in Calca and he attended secondary school at the San José de La Salle School in Cusco. He entered the National School of Technical Engineering (ex-ENIT) of the National University of Engineering, where he studied mechanical engineering and graduated in 1970. Upon graduation, he served as a teacher at the Industrial Technology Center of the Ministry of Industry and Commerce. From 1971 to 1979 he was Production Manager of Industrias Royal SA. In 1979, San Román founded Industrias S.A., a Metal Mechanic company. From 1980 to 2016 he was Chairman of the Board of Nova Perú, a machinery company for the food industry. He was president of the "Association of Small and Medium Industrials of Peru" (APEMIPE), president of the "National Federation of Small and Medium Industry of Peru" (FENAPI), president of the "Guarantee Fund for Small Industry" (FOGAPI ), chairman of the board of the "Promotion Fund for Small Industrial Companies.

Political career

Early political career

San Román entered politics in 1990 as the first running mate of

in the

Cambio 90 Cambio 90 (lit. ''Change 90'', C90) was a Peruvian right-wing political party which entered the political spectrum in early 1990, and throughout the 1990s until late-2000 was the most powerful political party in Peru alongside New Majority, se ...

presidential ticket. He was elected First Vice President of Peru and Senator for the 1990-1995 term. He was sworn as President of the Senate due to the high number of votes he received in the

general elections A general election is a political voting election where generally all or most members of a given political body are chosen. These are usually held for a nation, state, or territory's primary legislative body, and are different from by-elections ( ...

1992 self-coup

In April 1992, while he was visiting the

Dominican Republic The Dominican Republic ( ; es, República Dominicana, ) is a country located on the island of Hispaniola in the Greater Antilles archipelago of the Caribbean region. It occupies the eastern five-eighths of the island, which it shares with ...

during Fujimori's

, which dissolved Congress and closed other public institutions such as the Judiciary and the Attorney General's office. San Román returned to Peru to claim the Presidency. He was sworn as President by the dissolved Congress on 21 April 1992. Although the move was constitutional, Fujimori had all the support and popular approval for the coup, and San Román had no real power to govern. His term is considered to be between the day of his oath of office, 21 April 1992, and the day when the

Democratic Constitutional Congress The Democratic Constituent Congress (Spanish: ''Congreso Constituyente Democrático'') was a Constituent Assembly created in Peru after the dissolution of Congress by President Alberto Fujimori in 1992. Its main purpose was to amend the Constitu ...

proclaimed Fujimori as Constitutional President.

Later political career

He was elected to Congress for the 1995–2000 term for Mayor of Lima Ricardo Belmont's Civil Works Movement “OBRAS” party. In 2000, he ran for president under the

Union for Peru Union for Peru ( es, Unión por el Perú) was a Peruvian political party founded by Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, an ex- UN Secretary General, in 1994 to run for the Presidency of Peru in the 1995 general elections. Originally a social democratic pa ...

party, placing last with 36,000 votes. In the 2006 and 2010 regional elections, he ran for Governor of Cuzco losing on both occasions, placing second. San Román has run for first vice president a total of 4 times. The first was with

in 1990 in which the tandem was victorious, the second with Lima Mayor Ricardo Belmont in 1995, the third with pastor

Humberto Lay Pastor Humberto Lay Sun ( Chinese: 黎孙 ''Lí Sūn''; born 25 September 1934) is a Peruvian evangelical minister of the Iglesia Biblica Emmanuel, an architect, and a politician belonging to the National Restoration Party. He is of Chinese des ...

in 2006, and the fourth with

Pedro Pablo Kuczynski Pedro is a masculine given name. Pedro is the Spanish, Portuguese, and Galician name for ''Peter''. Its French equivalent is Pierre while its English and Germanic form is Peter. The counterpart patronymic surname of the name Pedro, meaning " ...

in 2011. Most recently, he registered in the Contigo Party in order to run for the presidential nomination at the 2021 general election. Following the

2020 Peruvian protests The 2020 Peruvian protests were a series of demonstrations sparked after the removal of President Martín Vizcarra that took place from 9 November to 17 November 2020. The controversial removal of Vizcarra was recognized as a coup d'état by m ...

, he announced his withdrawal from the race.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:San Roman, Maximo 1946 births Living people Vice presidents of Peru Presidents of the Senate of Peru Peruvian engineers 20th-century Peruvian businesspeople Fujimorista politicians Candidates for President of Peru Members of the Congress of the Republic of Peru National Restoration (Peru) politicians People from Cusco Region