The Luoyang dialect is a dialect of
Zhongyuan Mandarin spoken in
Luoyang
Luoyang is a city located in the confluence area of Luo River and Yellow River in the west of Henan province. Governed as a prefecture-level city, it borders the provincial capital of Zhengzhou to the east, Pingdingshan to the southeast, Nanyan ...
and nearby parts of
Henan province.
The old Luoyang dialect served as one of historical standards of Chinese from the
Warring States period
The Warring States period () was an era in History of China#Ancient China, ancient Chinese history characterized by warfare, as well as bureaucratic and military reforms and consolidation. It followed the Spring and Autumn period and concluded ...
into the
Ming Dynasty
The Ming dynasty (), officially the Great Ming, was an Dynasties in Chinese history, imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol Empire, Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Ming dynasty was the last ort ...
, which distinguish from the modern Luoyang dialect. It is because Luoyang switched from
Southern
Southern may refer to:
Businesses
* China Southern Airlines, airline based in Guangzhou, China
* Southern Airways, defunct US airline
* Southern Air, air cargo transportation company based in Norwalk, Connecticut, US
* Southern Airways Express, M ...
to
Northern Mandarin over history. According to
Lü Shuxiang
Lü Shuxiang (, 1904–1998) was a Chinese linguist, lexicographer and educator, and founder of Modern Chinese linguistic studies.
Overview
Lü Shuxiang was born in Danyang, Jiangsu Province. He studied Foreign Languages and Literature in the ...
(1985), "In
Northern Song dynasty, the dialects at the
Central Plains are still in the
southern variety f Mandarin the predecessor of modern
Northern Mandarin began as a tiny regional dialect near
Khanbaliq
Khanbaliq or Dadu of Yuan () was the winter capital of the Yuan dynasty of China in what is now Beijing, also the capital of the People's Republic of China today. It was located at the center of modern Beijing. The Secretariat directly admini ...
".
Phonology
Initials
Finals
Features
*The Middle Chinese
entering tone
A checked tone, commonly known by the Chinese calque entering tone, is one of the four syllable types in the phonology of Middle Chinese. Although usually translated as "tone", a checked tone is not a tone in the phonetic sense but rather a syl ...
has a different distribution in the Luoyang dialect than in Standard Mandarin. (See
entering tone
A checked tone, commonly known by the Chinese calque entering tone, is one of the four syllable types in the phonology of Middle Chinese. Although usually translated as "tone", a checked tone is not a tone in the phonetic sense but rather a syl ...
for more.)
*
Tone contours are different from those in Standard Mandarin.
*The retroflex and alveolar fricatives are found in different distributions: retroflex fricatives in Standard are often fronted to alveolar fricatives in Luoyang.
*The distinction between and , lost in Standard, is maintained in Luoyang.
*The
retroflex series is less retroflexed than in Standard Mandarin and slightly further forward.
*The
alveolo-palatal series is slightly further back than in Standard Mandarin.
*Standard final and are often backed to in Luoyang. For example, (Standard /, ''to learn'') is , and (Standard /, ''horn'') is .
*Standard final is pronounced or in certain environments in Luoyang.
*Standard final
nasalizes the preceding vowel in the Luoyang Dialect.
*The
-儿 suffix is pronounced .
Notes
Footnotes
Citations
References
*
*
*
*
{{DEFAULTSORT:Luoyang Dialect
Mandarin Chinese
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