Lujo Brentano (; ; 18 December 1844 – 9 September 1931) was an eminent

German German(s) may refer to: * Germany (of or related to) **Germania (historical use) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law **Ge ...

economist An economist is a professional and practitioner in the social sciences, social science discipline of economics. The individual may also study, develop, and apply theories and concepts from economics and write about economic policy. Within this ...

and social reformer.

Biography

Lujo Brentano, born in

Aschaffenburg Aschaffenburg (; South Franconian German, South Franconian: ''Aschebersch'') is a town in northwest Bavaria, Germany. The town of Aschaffenburg is not part of the Aschaffenburg (district), district of Aschaffenburg, but is its administrative sea ...

into a distinguished German Catholic intellectual family (originally of

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descent), attended

school A school is an educational institution designed to provide learning spaces and learning environments for the teaching of students under the direction of teachers. Most countries have systems of formal education, which is sometimes co ...

Augsburg Augsburg (; bar , Augschburg , links=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swabian_German , label=Swabian German, , ) is a city in Swabia, Bavaria, Germany, around west of Bavarian capital Munich. It is a university town and regional seat of the ' ...

and

. He studied in

Dublin Dublin (; , or ) is the capital and largest city of Ireland. On a bay at the mouth of the River Liffey, it is in the province of Leinster, bordered on the south by the Dublin Mountains, a part of the Wicklow Mountains range. At the 2016 ...

(

Trinity College Trinity College may refer to: Australia * Trinity Anglican College, an Anglican coeducational primary and secondary school in , New South Wales * Trinity Catholic College, Auburn, a coeducational school in the inner-western suburbs of Sydney, New ...

Münster Münster (; nds, Mönster) is an independent city (''Kreisfreie Stadt'') in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is in the northern part of the state and is considered to be the cultural centre of the Westphalia region. It is also a state di ...

Munich Munich ( ; german: München ; bar, Minga ) is the capital and most populous city of the German state of Bavaria. With a population of 1,558,395 inhabitants as of 31 July 2020, it is the third-largest city in Germany, after Berlin and ...

Heidelberg Heidelberg (; Palatine German: ') is a city in the German state of Baden-Württemberg, situated on the river Neckar in south-west Germany. As of the 2016 census, its population was 159,914, of which roughly a quarter consisted of students ...

(doctorate in law),

Würzburg Würzburg (; Main-Franconian: ) is a city in the region of Franconia in the north of the German state of Bavaria. Würzburg is the administrative seat of the ''Regierungsbezirk'' Lower Franconia. It spans the banks of the Main River. Würzburg ...

Göttingen Göttingen (, , ; nds, Chöttingen) is a university city in Lower Saxony, central Germany, the capital of the eponymous district. The River Leine runs through it. At the end of 2019, the population was 118,911. General information The ori ...

(doctorate in economics), and Berlin (

habilitation Habilitation is the highest university degree, or the procedure by which it is achieved, in many European countries. The candidate fulfills a university's set criteria of excellence in research, teaching and further education, usually including ...

in economics, 1871). He was a professor of

economics Economics () is the social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. Economics focuses on the behaviour and interactions of economic agents and how economies work. Microeconomics anal ...

and state sciences at the

universities A university () is an institution of higher (or tertiary) education and research which awards academic degrees in several academic disciplines. Universities typically offer both undergraduate and postgraduate programs. In the United State ...

of Breslau,

Strasbourg Strasbourg (, , ; german: Straßburg ; gsw, label= Bas Rhin Alsatian, Strossburi , gsw, label= Haut Rhin Alsatian, Strossburig ) is the prefecture and largest city of the Grand Est region of eastern France and the official seat of the ...

Vienna en, Viennese , iso_code = AT-9 , registration_plate = W , postal_code_type = Postal code , postal_code = , timezone = CET , utc_offset = +1 , timezone_DST ...

Leipzig Leipzig ( , ; Upper Saxon: ) is the most populous city in the German state of Saxony. Leipzig's population of 605,407 inhabitants (1.1 million in the larger urban zone) as of 2021 places the city as Germany's eighth most populous, as ...

, and most importantly, Munich (1891–1914). With Ernst Engel, the statistician, he made an investigation of the

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trade union A trade union (labor union in American English), often simply referred to as a union, is an organization of workers intent on "maintaining or improving the conditions of their employment", ch. I such as attaining better wages and benefits ...

s. In 1872, he became involved in an extended dispute with

Karl Marx Karl Heinrich Marx (; 5 May 1818 – 14 March 1883) was a German philosopher, economist, historian, sociologist, political theorist, journalist, critic of political economy, and socialist revolutionary. His best-known titles are the 1848 ...

and

Friedrich Engels Friedrich Engels ( ,"Engels"
'' William Gladstone William Ewart Gladstone ( ; 29 December 1809 – 19 May 1898) was a British statesman and Liberal politician. In a career lasting over 60 years, he served for 12 years as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, spread over four non-conse ...

. In 1914, he signed the

Manifesto of the Ninety-Three The "Manifesto of the Ninety-Three" (originally "To the Civilized World" by "Professors of Germany") is a 4 October 1914 proclamation by 93 prominent Germans supporting Germany in the start of World War I. The Manifesto galvanized support for the ...

. After the revolution of November 1918, he served in minister-president Kurt Eisner's government of the People's State of Bavaria as People's Commissar (Minister) for Trade, but only for some days in December 1918. Brentano died in Munich in 1931, aged 86.

Legacy

Brentano was a '' Kathedersozialist'' (reform-minded) and a founding member of the Verein für Socialpolitik. His influence on the

social market economy The social market economy (SOME; german: soziale Marktwirtschaft), also called Rhine capitalism, Rhine-Alpine capitalism, the Rhenish model, and social capitalism, is a socioeconomic model combining a free-market capitalist economic system alon ...

, and on many Germans who would be leaders just after the end of

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the World War II by country, vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great power ...

, can hardly be overrated. He also influenced later economists, such as his doctoral student

Arthur Salz Arthur Salz (31 December 1881, Stod – 10 August 1963, Worthington) was a German professor of sociology and economics who wrote on mercantilism, imperialism, and power.Strauss, H. A.; Röder, W.; Rosenblatt, B., Caplan, H. (1983). "Salz, Arthur." ...

. Note: It is often mistakenly claimed that Brentano was called Ludwig Joseph, and that "Lujo" was a kind of nickname or contraction. This is incorrect; while he was given his name after a Ludwig and a

Joseph Joseph is a common male given name, derived from the Hebrew Yosef (יוֹסֵף). "Joseph" is used, along with "Josef", mostly in English, French and partially German languages. This spelling is also found as a variant in the languages of the m ...

, Lujo was his real and legal first name. (See his autobiography, ''Mein Leben...'', below, p. 18.)

Bibliography

* Brentano, Lujo (1871–72). ''Die Arbeitergilden der Gegenwart.'' 2 vols., Leipzig: Duncker und Humblot. (English: ''On the History and Development of Gilds and the Origins of Trade Unions.'' 1870.) * Brentano, Lujo (1901). ''Ethik und Volkswirtschaft in der Geschichte. November 1901.'' München: Wolf. * Brentano, Lujo (1910). "The Doctrine of Malthus and the Increase of Population During the Last Decades." ''Economic Journal'' vol. 20(79), pp. 371–93. * Brentano, Lujo (1923). ''Der wirtschaftende Mensch in der Geschichte.'' Leipzig: Meiner. Reprint Marburg: Metropolis, 200ß. * Brentano, Lujo (1924).
Wege zur Verständigung - Der Judenhass
'' Berlin, Philo Verlag und Buchhandlung * Brentano, Lujo (1927–29). ''Eine Geschichte der wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung Englands.'' 4 vols., Jena: Gustav Fischer. * Brentano, Lujo (1929). ''Das Wirtschaftsleben der antiken Welt.'' Jena: Fischer. * Brentano, Lujo (1931). ''Mein Leben im Kampf um die soziale Entwicklung Deutschlands.'' Jena: Diederichs. Reprint Marburg: Metropolis, 2004. * Brentano, Lujo (1924). ''Konkrete Bedingungen der Volkswirtschaft.'' Leipzig: Meiner. 1924. Reprint Marburg: Metropols, 2003. * Brentano, Lujo (1877–1924). ''Der tätige Mensch und die Wissenschaft von der Wirtschaft.'' Reprint Marburg: Metropolis, 2006. * Essays, including "The Industrialist".

Rudolf Steiner Rudolf Joseph Lorenz Steiner (27 or 25 February 1861 – 30 March 1925) was an Austrian occultist, social reformer, architect, esotericist, and claimed clairvoyant. Steiner gained initial recognition at the end of the nineteenth century as ...

, ''Education as a Force for Social Change'', Anthroposophic Press, 1997, Lecture 1 (Dornach / August 9, 1919): "I recently mentioned the example of the famous professor Lujo Brentano, a leading modern economist in Middle Europe who recently wrote an article entitled “The Industrialist.” In it he develops three characteristics of an industrialist."

References

External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Brentano, Lujo 1844 births 1931 deaths People from Aschaffenburg People from the Kingdom of Bavaria German economists German people of Italian descent Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich alumni Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich faculty German social liberals University of Münster alumni Heidelberg University alumni University of Würzburg alumni University of Göttingen alumni Humboldt University of Berlin alumni University of Strasbourg faculty University of Breslau faculty Academics of the University of Vienna Leipzig University faculty German social reformers

Biography

Legacy

Bibliography

See also

References

External links