Bundesarchiv Bild 134-C2280, Szent István, Sinkendes Linienschiff

Luigi Rizzo, 1st Count of Grado and Premuda (1887–1951), nicknamed ''the Sinker'', was an Italian admiral. He is mostly known for his distinguished service in

World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...

; as a torpedo boat commander having sunk no fewer than two Austro-Hungarian battleships ( SMS ''Wien'' in 1917 and SMS ''Szent István'' in 1918).

Biography

Born in Milazzo, Sicily on October 8, 1887 to a family of merchant ship Captains. While a Student Captain in the Merchant Marine, on March 17, 1912 he was appointed second lieutenant of the Naval Reserve . During WW I from June 1915 to the end of 1916 he was assigned to the maritime defense of Grado, where, at the orders of LCDR Filippo Camperio first, and of CDR Alfredo Dentice di Frasso later, he particularly distinguished himself, obtaining a silver medal for military valor. He was later transferred to the newly formed MAS flotilla, participating to various war missions. They include: • May 1917: he Captured two pilots of an Austrian seaplane downed by engine failure ; for this action he was awarded his second silver medal for military valor; • December 1917: Sinking of the Austrian battleship Wien, which took place in the Trieste bay. For this action Rizzo was decorated with the gold medal of military valor. In the same month, for missions carried out in defense of the mouth of the River Piave, he was decorated with a third silver medal for military valor and was advanced to Lieutenant for war merits, obtaining the transition to the Permanent Service in the Royal Italian Navy; • February 1918: with Gabriele d'Annunzio and Costanzo Ciano participated to the "Buccari's Mock", obtaining a bronze medal for military valor, elevated, at the end of the war, to a silver medal for military valor; • June 1918: On June 10, 1918, off the coast of Premuda, he attacked and sank the battleship SMS Szent István. For this action he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Military Order of Savoy. By virtue of the R.D. 25 May 1915 nr. 753, which forbade the same person to be awarded more than three medals including silver and gold, he was not awarded the second gold medal for military valor. This restriction was repealed with the R.D. 15 June 1922 n. 975 and then, with R.D. 27 May 1923, his appointment as a knight of the Military Order of Savoy was revoked and he was awarded the gold medal for military valor for the Action of Premuda. Volunteer Fiumano in 1919, he was placed by D'Annunzio at the helm of the Quarnaro Fleet, and he operated providing food to the city, until the beginning of 1920. That year he left active duty with the rank of Commander. In 1925 he assumed the chairmanship of the Eolie Navigation Society of Messina, a position he held until 1948. The following year he founded Calatimbar in Genoa, a company of shipowners, exporters and shippers, which was intended to board all goods departing from that port. Calatimbar was also attended by companies such as Fiat, and public Agencies, such as the Port Consortium and the State Railways. On the following years he was also appointed President of the Maritime Accident and Diseases Fund of the Sea People, the Italian Maritime Safety Union, and the Anonymous Air Navigation Society.. By the Royal Decree of 25 October 1932, on 20 June 1935 he was appointed Count of Grado. The Premuda appointment was added to the Grado title with the “motu proprio” Royal Decree of 20 October 1941. In 1936, as a volunteer, he participated in the Ethiopian War; on 18 June 1936 he was appointed Division Admiral in the Naval Reserve for outstanding merit. On 10 June 1940, at the outbreak of hostilities, he asked to return to active duty and he dealt with the anti-submarine warfare in the Sicilian Channel; he was discharged from service in January 1941, assuming the post of President of Lloyd Triestino. On 20 February 1942 he was appointed President of the Adriatic Shipyards; after 8 September 1943 he ordered the sabotage of ocean liners and steamers so that they would not fall into German hands. For this initiative he was transferred by the Gestapo to Austria, first to Klagenfurt prison and later to the obligatory stay in Hirschegg, where he was reached by his daughter Maria Guglielmina. He died in Rome on 27 June 1951 ,two months after an operation for lung cancer. The operation was carried out by Professor Raffaele Paolucci, his great friend, who during the Great War had been the protagonist, with Major Raffaele Rossetti, of the sinking in the port of Pola of the Austrian battleship Viribus Unitis. Two Italian warships have been named in his honor; The , ''Luigi Rizzo'' (F 596) in service from 1960-1980, and the FREMM multipurpose frigate, ''Luigi Rizzo'' (F 595) commissioned in 2017 and in active service. Italian frigate Luigi Rizzo (F596) c1962

Italian frigate Luigi Rizzo (F596) c1962

Notes

Bibliography

* Kennedy, Paul. ''The Sinking of the Szent Istvan'', in "The History of the First World War", BPC Publishing Ltd., Bristol, England, 1971, vol.7, no.14, pps:3072 – 3075.

Biography

Notes

Bibliography

See also