Lucius Volusius Saturninus (suffect consul 12 BC)
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Lucius Volusius Saturninus, also known as Lucius VolusiusTacitus, ''
Annales Annals are a concise form of historical writing which record events chronologically, year by year. The equivalent word in Latin and French is ''annales'', which is used untranslated in English in various contexts. List of works with titles contai ...
'' XII.22 (died AD 20)Tacitus, ''Annales'', III.30 was a
Roman Roman or Romans most often refers to: *Rome, the capital city of Italy *Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD *Roman people, the people of ancient Rome *''Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a letter ...
Senator A senate is a deliberative assembly, often the upper house or chamber of a bicameral legislature. The name comes from the ancient Roman Senate (Latin: ''Senatus''), so-called as an assembly of the senior (Latin: ''senex'' meaning "the el ...
from the powerful
plebeian In ancient Rome, the plebeians (also called plebs) were the general body of free Roman citizens who were not patricians, as determined by the census, or in other words " commoners". Both classes were hereditary. Etymology The precise origins of ...
Volusia gens, or family. He was a cousin of emperor
Tiberius Tiberius Julius Caesar Augustus (; 16 November 42 BC – 16 March AD 37) was the second Roman emperor. He reigned from AD 14 until 37, succeeding his stepfather, the first Roman emperor Augustus. Tiberius was born in Rome in 42 BC. His father ...
.


Biography


Early life

Volusius came from an ancient and distinguished Senatorial family, that according to
Tacitus Publius Cornelius Tacitus, known simply as Tacitus ( , ; – ), was a Roman historian and politician. Tacitus is widely regarded as one of the greatest Roman historiography, Roman historians by modern scholars. The surviving portions of his t ...
(56 – 120) had never risen above the
praetor Praetor ( , ), also pretor, was the title granted by the government of Ancient Rome to a man acting in one of two official capacities: (i) the commander of an army, and (ii) as an elected '' magistratus'' (magistrate), assigned to discharge vario ...
ship until then. His father was Quintus Volusius a
prefect Prefect (from the Latin ''praefectus'', substantive adjectival form of ''praeficere'': "put in front", meaning in charge) is a magisterial title of varying definition, but essentially refers to the leader of an administrative area. A prefect's ...
who served under
Cicero Marcus Tullius Cicero ( ; ; 3 January 106 BC – 7 December 43 BC) was a Roman statesman, lawyer, scholar, philosopher, and academic skeptic, who tried to uphold optimate principles during the political crises that led to the estab ...
in 51 BC to 50 BC in
Cilicia Cilicia (); el, Κιλικία, ''Kilikía''; Middle Persian: ''klkyʾy'' (''Klikiyā''); Parthian: ''kylkyʾ'' (''Kilikiyā''); tr, Kilikya). is a geographical region in southern Anatolia in Turkey, extending inland from the northeastern coa ...
and was a pupil of his in oratory. His mother was Claudia, aunt of the future Roman emperor
Tiberius Tiberius Julius Caesar Augustus (; 16 November 42 BC – 16 March AD 37) was the second Roman emperor. He reigned from AD 14 until 37, succeeding his stepfather, the first Roman emperor Augustus. Tiberius was born in Rome in 42 BC. His father ...
.Syme, ''Aristocracy'', p. 56 He had a sister named was
Volusia Saturnina Volusia Saturnina also known from her funeral inscription as Volusia Latina Saturnina was a Roman noble woman who lived in the Roman Empire in the second half of the 1st century BC and first half of the first century AD. Family background Saturni ...
.Rickman, ''Roman Granaries and Store Buildings'', p. 169


Career

Volusius was a
homo novus ''Novus homo'' or ''homo novus'' (Latin for 'new man'; ''novi homines'' or ''homines novi'') was the term in ancient Rome for a man who was the first in his family to serve in the Roman Senate or, more specifically, to be elected as consul. When ...
, the first member of his family to serve as a suffect consul in 12 BC, replacing
Publius Sulpicius Quirinius Publius Sulpicius Quirinius (c. 51 BC – AD 21), also translated as Cyrenius, was a Roman aristocrat. After the banishment of the ethnarch Herod Archelaus from the tetrarchy of Judea in AD 6, Quirinius was appointed legate governor of Syria, to ...
. According to
Tacitus Publius Cornelius Tacitus, known simply as Tacitus ( , ; – ), was a Roman historian and politician. Tacitus is widely regarded as one of the greatest Roman historiography, Roman historians by modern scholars. The surviving portions of his t ...
, he held censorial functions for the selection of
equestrians Equestrianism (from Latin , , , 'horseman', 'horse'), commonly known as horse riding (Commonwealth English) or horseback riding (American English), includes the disciplines of riding, driving, and vaulting. This broad description includes the ...
as members of the judicature, and became the first person in his family to amass wealth, for which his family became greatly conspicuous. Following his consulship, Volusius was admitted to the ''
septemviri epulonum The (Latin for "feasters"; sing. ''epulo'') arranged feasts and public banquets at festivals and games ''( ludi)''. They constituted one of the four great religious corporations (''quattuor amplissima collegia'') of ancient Roman priests. Esta ...
''. Several years later he served as
proconsul A proconsul was an official of ancient Rome who acted on behalf of a consul. A proconsul was typically a former consul. The term is also used in recent history for officials with delegated authority. In the Roman Republic, military command, or ' ...
ar governor of
Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area ...
for 7/6 BC, as attested by coins of
Acholla Acholla ( grc-gre, Ἀχόλλα, ''Akhólla'') also latinised as Achilla or Achulla, was a Roman- Berber city on the sea-coast in the ancient province of Africa Propria (Byzacena) in modern Tunisia. It was located little above the northern extr ...
and
Hadrumetum Hadrumetum, also known by #Names, many variant spellings and names, was a Phoenician Phoenician colonies, colony that pre-dated Carthage. It subsequently became one of the most important cities in Roman Africa before Vandal Kingdom, Vandal and Uma ...
. From AD 4 to 5, Volusius served as a
Roman Governor A Roman governor was an official either elected or appointed to be the chief administrator of Roman law throughout one or more of the many provinces constituting the Roman Empire. The generic term in Roman legal language was '' Rector provinciae ...
of
Syria Syria ( ar, سُورِيَا or سُورِيَة, translit=Sūriyā), officially the Syrian Arab Republic ( ar, الجمهورية العربية السورية, al-Jumhūrīyah al-ʻArabīyah as-Sūrīyah), is a Western Asian country loc ...
. Based on inscriptional evidence, the Horrea Volusiana was either built by Volusius or his grandson
Quintus Volusius Saturninus Quintus Volusius Saturninus (born AD 25) was a Roman Senator who lived in the Roman Empire during the Principate. He was consul in the year 56 with Publius Cornelius Scipio as his colleague. Family background The Volusii, according to Tacitus, ...
, consul in 56.


Family

Volusius married
Nonia Polla ''Nonia'' is a genus of snout moths described by George Hampson Sir George Francis Hampson, 10th Baronet (14 January 1860 – 15 October 1936) was an English entomologist. Hampson studied at Charterhouse School and Exeter College, Oxford. He ...
, the daughter of Lucius Nonius Asprenas consul of 36 BC. Polla bore Volusius a son, Lucius Volusius Saturninus suffect consul in AD 3, and a daughter
Volusia Saturnina Volusia Saturnina also known from her funeral inscription as Volusia Latina Saturnina was a Roman noble woman who lived in the Roman Empire in the second half of the 1st century BC and first half of the first century AD. Family background Saturni ...
. Some older authorities claim that Volusius and Nonia Polla had another daughter, Volusia Cornelia, but Rudolf Hanslik has shown she was the daughter of another Voluisus Saturninus, the consul of the year 92.Hanslik, "Volusia Q.f. Cornelia 23", '' Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft'', Supplement 9A, col. 1863


References


Sources

*
Tacitus Publius Cornelius Tacitus, known simply as Tacitus ( , ; – ), was a Roman historian and politician. Tacitus is widely regarded as one of the greatest Roman historiography, Roman historians by modern scholars. The surviving portions of his t ...
, ''
Annales Annals are a concise form of historical writing which record events chronologically, year by year. The equivalent word in Latin and French is ''annales'', which is used untranslated in English in various contexts. List of works with titles contai ...
''
Quintus Volusius no.2 article at ancient library''Prosopographia Imperii Romani Saec I''
Berlin, 1897–1898, V 660. *G. Rickman, ''Roman Granaries and Store Buildings'', CUP Archive, 1971 *B.E. Thomasson, ''Fasti Africani, Senatorische und ritterliche Ämter in den römischen Provinzen Nordafrikas von Augustus bis Diokletian'', Paul Aströms Förlag, 1996


External links


Coinage of Lucius Volusius Saturninus
{{DEFAULTSORT:Volusius Saturninus 20 deaths 1st-century BC Romans 1st-century Romans 1st-century Roman governors of Syria Suffect consuls of Imperial Rome Roman governors of Africa Roman governors of Syria Epulones of the Roman Empire Year of birth unknown Saturninus (consul 12 BC)