Lubniewice (german: Königswalde) is a small town in Sulęcin County,

Lubusz Voivodeship Lubusz Voivodeship, or Lubuskie Province ( pl, województwo lubuskie ), is a voivodeship (province) in western Poland. It was created on January 1, 1999, out of the former Gorzów Wielkopolski and Zielona Góra Voivodeships, pursuant to the Po ...

, western

Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populou ...

, with 2,059 inhabitants (2019). It is the administrative seat of Gmina Lubniewice.

History

Middle Ages

The area formed part of Poland since the establishment of the state in the 10th century. As a result of the fragmentation of

, it became part of the Greater Poland province. The first mentioning of the fortress ''Lubnewiz'' (

Old Polish The Old Polish language ( pl, język staropolski, staropolszczyzna) was a period in the history of the Polish language between the 10th and the 16th centuries. It was followed by the Middle Polish language. The sources for the study of the Ol ...

version of the town's name) dates back to the Greater Polish duke, and future King of Poland,

Przemysł II Przemysł II ( also given in English and Latin language, Latin as ''Premyslas'' or ''Premislaus'' or in Polish as '; 14 October 1257 – 8 February 1296) was the Duke of Poznań from 1257–1279, of Greater Poland from 1279 to 1296, of Kraków f ...

in 1287. Later on it was annexed by the

Margraviate of Brandenburg The Margraviate of Brandenburg (german: link=no, Markgrafschaft Brandenburg) was a major principality of the Holy Roman Empire from 1157 to 1806 that played a pivotal role in the history of Germany and Central Europe. Brandenburg developed out ...

. After a war broke out over control of the region in 1319, the town came under Polish control again, as part of the

Duchy of Głogów The Duchy of Głogów ( pl, Księstwo głogowskie, cs, Hlohovské knížectví) or Duchy of Glogau (german: Herzogtum Glogau) was one of the Duchies of Silesia ruled by the Silesian Piasts. Its capital was Głogów in Lower Silesia. History In ...

. Duke

Henry IV the Faithful Henry IV (II) the Faithful ( pl, Henryk IV (II) Wierny) ( 1292 – 22 January 1342) was a Duke of Żagań and parts of Greater Poland from 1309 until 1317 (with his brothers in all the lands except Głogów in different divisions among them), Du ...

visited the town in 1322.Edward Rymar, ''Rywalizacja o ziemię lubuską i kasztelanię międzyrzecką'', "Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka", No. 4/1979, p. 489 (in Polish) A 1322 deed referred to a nearby settlement of

German German(s) may refer to: * Germany (of or related to) ** Germania (historical use) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law **Ge ...

colonists named ''Königswalde'', established in the course of the '' Ostsiedlung'' at the behest of the Brandenburgian margraves. Soon the town fell to Brandenburg again. It was located close to the Imperial border with the

Poznań Voivodeship Poznań Voivodeship was the name of several former administrative regions (''województwo'', rendered as ''voivodeship'' and usually translated as "province") in Poland, centered on the city of Poznań, although the exact boundaries changed over t ...

of the

Polish Crown The Crown of the Kingdom of Poland ( pl, Korona Królestwa Polskiego; Latin: ''Corona Regni Poloniae''), known also as the Polish Crown, is the common name for the historic Late Middle Ages territorial possessions of the King of Poland, incl ...

in the east. In 1352 the

Wittelsbach The House of Wittelsbach () is a German dynasty, with branches that have ruled over territories including Bavaria, the Palatinate, Holland and Zeeland, Sweden (with Finland), Denmark, Norway, Hungary (with Romania), Bohemia, the Electorate ...

elector Louis II of Brandenburg enfeoffed his ''

ministeriales The ''ministeriales'' (singular: ''ministerialis'') were a class of people raised up from serfdom and placed in positions of power and responsibility in the High Middle Ages in the Holy Roman Empire. The word and its German translations, ''Minist ...

'' of the Waldow noble family with the Königswalde estates. Between 1373 and 1415 it was under Bohemian (Czech) suzerainty.

Modern era

From the late 17th century onwards the population increased by the immigration of

Polish Brethren The Polish Brethren (Polish: ''Bracia Polscy'') were members of the Minor Reformed Church of Poland, a Nontrinitarian Protestant church that existed in Poland from 1565 to 1658. By those on the outside, they were called " Arians" or " Socinians" ( ...

and Protestants from

Silesia Silesia (, also , ) is a historical region of Central Europe that lies mostly within Poland, with small parts in the Czech Republic and Germany. Its area is approximately , and the population is estimated at around 8,000,000. Silesia is split ...

. In 1706 Samuel Crell-Spinowski became minister at the parish church. In the 18th century, clothmaking developed. Poles resisted Germanisation attempts, carried out by the Prussian authorities. After the discovery of the alum deposits in 1751, a mine was established here, which was plundered and destroyed by the Russian army in 1758 during the

Seven Years' War The Seven Years' War (1756–1763) was a global conflict that involved most of the European Great Powers, and was fought primarily in Europe, the Americas, and Asia-Pacific. Other concurrent conflicts include the French and Indian War (175 ...

. Königswalde received

town privileges Town privileges or borough rights were important features of European towns during most of the second millennium. The city law customary in Central Europe probably dates back to Italian models, which in turn were oriented towards the traditio ...

in 1808 and was incorporated into the Prussian

Province of Brandenburg The Province of Brandenburg (german: Provinz Brandenburg) was a province of Prussia from 1815 to 1945. Brandenburg was established in 1815 from the Kingdom of Prussia's core territory, comprised the bulk of the historic Margraviate of Brandenburg ...

in 1815. From 1871 to 1945 the town was part of Germany. Despite Germanisation policies, in the late 19th century Poles still settled in the town. After

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing ...

and the implementation of the Oder-Neisse line, the town became part of the Republic of Poland and the German population was expelled in accordance to the Potsdam Agreement. The historic Polish name ''Lubniewice'' was restored.

Notable people

Eduard Petzold Carl Eduard Adolph Petzold (14 January 1815 – August 1891) was a German landscape gardener. Life Petzold was born in Königswalde (Lubniewice), Brandenburg. As a child, he followed his parents in 1826 to Muskau, visiting the town's schoo ...

(1815–1891), landscape gardener

Twin towns – sister cities

See twin towns of Gmina Lubniewice.

Gallery

Lubniewice Town Hall.jpg, Town Hall (''Ratusz'') LubniewiceChurch(js).jpg, Our Lady of the Rosary church Lubniewice. W parku przyzamkowym..jpg, Park Lubniewice, Poland - panoramio - Michal Gorski (1).jpg, New Palace

References

{{Authority control Cities and towns in Lubusz Voivodeship Sulęcin County