(Rachel) Louise McManus (1896 – May 29, 1993) was the first nurse to earn a

Ph.D. A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD, Ph.D., or DPhil; Latin: or ') is the most common degree at the highest academic level awarded following a course of study. PhDs are awarded for programs across the whole breadth of academic fields. Because it is ...

She established schools of nursing in college and helped to develop nationally standardized methods for nursing licensure in the United States.

Education

Louise McManus earned her nursing degree at the Massachusetts General Hospital School of Nursing in 1921. She completed bachelor's (1925), master's (1927) and doctoral (1946) degrees at Columbia University's Teachers College, where she earned a PhD in educational research, becoming the first nurse to acquire a PhD.

Achievements

McManus created the Institute for Nursing Research at

Teachers College, Columbia University Teachers College, Columbia University (TC), is the graduate school of education, health, and psychology of Columbia University, a private research university in New York City. Founded in 1887, it has served as one of the official faculties and ...

, where she later served as faculty member and dean. McManus saw herself as an advocate for patients and developed a "Patient Bill of Rights" that was adopted by the Joint Commission in Accreditation of Hospitals. She also served on the Defense Advisory Committee on Women in the Armed Services.

Awards and honors

* Columbia University Bicentennial Award *

Florence Nightingale Florence Nightingale (; 12 May 1820 – 13 August 1910) was an English social reformer, statistician and the founder of modern nursing. Nightingale came to prominence while serving as a manager and trainer of nurses during the Crimean War, i ...

International Red Cross Society Citation and Medal * Mary Adelaide Nutting Award for Leadership * 1994: Inductee, National Women's Hall of Fame In recognition of her contributions to the field of nursing, the National Council of State Boards of Nursing established the R. Louise McManus Award and the Meritorious Service Award. The R. Louise Mcmanus Medal was established to recognize distinguished long-standing contributions to the field of nursing. The Library at th
Center for Nursing
at the Foundation of New York State Nurses was dedicated in her honor with an endowment by the Nursing Education Alumni Association of Teachers College (TCNEAA).

Personal life

She was born Rachel Louise Metcalfe in 1896. She was a native of North Smithfield, R. I. In 1929, she married a widower named John Hugh McManus who had four daughters and two sons. Together they had a daughter, Joan, bringing the total number of children to seven. One of her stepsons was George Boles McManus, who became a senior administrator at the Central Intelligence Agency. Her husband died suddenly in 1934.

Death

Louise McManus died on May 29, 1993, in a Natick, Massachusetts, nursing home. She was 97 years old. She was survived by four daughters, 37 grandchildren, and one great-great-grandchild.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:McManus, Louise 1896 births 1993 deaths American nurses American women nurses Columbia University faculty Teachers College, Columbia University faculty Teachers College, Columbia University alumni 20th-century American women 20th-century American people American women academics