Los Angeles
CSA
Los Angeles-Long Beach
MSA
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim
Pueblo
September 4, 1781[3]
City status
May 23, 1835[4]
Incorporated
April 4, 1850[5]
Named for
Our Lady, Queen of the Angels
Government
• Type
Mayor-Council-Commission[6]
• Body
Los Angeles

Los Angeles City Council
• Mayor
Eric Garcetti[7]
• City Attorney
Mike Feuer[7]
• City Controller
Ron Galperin[7]
Area[8]
• City in California
502.76 sq mi (1,302.15 km2)
• Land
468.74 sq mi (1,214.03 km2)
• Water
34.02 sq mi (88.12 km2) 6.7%
Elevation[9]
305 ft (93 m)
Highest elevation[10]
5,074 ft (1,547 m)
Lowest elevation[10]
0 ft (0 m)
Population (2010)[11]
• City in California
3,792,621
• Estimate (2016)[12]
3,976,322
• Rank
1st, California
2nd, U.S.
• Density
8,483.02/sq mi (3,275.32/km2)
• Urban[13]
12,150,996
• Metro[14]
13,131,431
• CSA[15]
18,679,763 (US: 2nd)
Demonym(s)
Angeleno
Time zone
Pacific (UTC−8)
• Summer (DST)
PDT (UTC−7)
ZIP Codes
List
90001–90084, 90086–90089, 90091, 90093–90097, 90099,
90101–90103, 90174, 90185, 90189, 90291–90293, 91040–91043,
91303–91308, 91311, 91316, 91324-91328, 91330,91331, 91335, 913340,
91342–91349, 91352–91353, 91356–91357, 91364–91367,
91401–91499, 91504-91505, 91601–91609[16]
Area codes
213/323, 310/424, 747/818
FIPS code
06-44000
GNIS feature IDs
1662328, 2410877
Website
Official website
Los Angeles

Los Angeles (/lɒs ˈændʒələs/ ( listen);[17] Spanish
for "The Angels"; Spanish: [los ˈaŋxeles]; officially: the City
of Los Angeles; colloquial: by its initials L.A.) is the cultural,
financial, and commercial center of Southern California. With a U.S.
Census-estimated 2016 population of 3,976,322,[18] it is the second
most populous city in the
United States

United States (after New York City) and the
most populous city in the state of California. Located in a large
coastal basin surrounded on three sides by mountains reaching up to
and over 10,000 feet (3,000 m),
Los Angeles

Los Angeles covers an area of
about 469 square miles (1,210 km2).[19] The city is also the seat
of
Los Angeles

Los Angeles County, the most populated county in the country. Los
Angeles is the center of the
Los Angeles

Los Angeles metropolitan area, with
13,131,431 residents,[20] and is part of the larger designated Los
Angeles-Long Beach combined statistical area (CSA), the second most
populous in the nation with a 2015 estimated population of 18.7
million.[21]
Historically home to the Chumash and Tongva,
Los Angeles

Los Angeles was claimed
by
Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo

Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for
Spain

Spain in 1542 along with the rest of
what would become Alta California. The city was officially founded on
September 4, 1781, by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve. It became a
part of
Mexico

Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence. In
1848, at the end of the Mexican–American War,
Los Angeles

Los Angeles and the
rest of
California

California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe
Hidalgo, thereby becoming part of the United States.
Los Angeles

Los Angeles was
incorporated as a municipality on April 4, 1850, five months before
California

California achieved statehood. The discovery of oil in the 1890s
brought rapid growth to the city.[22] The completion of the Los
Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, delivering water from Eastern California,
later assured the city's continued rapid growth.
Nicknamed the "City of Angels" in part because of how its name
translates from the Spanish,
Los Angeles

Los Angeles is known for its
Mediterranean climate, ethnic diversity, and sprawling metropolis. The
city is also one of the most substantial economic engines within the
nation, with a diverse economy in a broad range of professional and
cultural fields.
Los Angeles

Los Angeles is also famous as the home of Hollywood,
a major center of the world entertainment industry. A global city, it
has been ranked 6th in the Global Cities Index and 9th in the Global
Economic Power Index. The
Los Angeles

Los Angeles combined statistical area (CSA)
also has a gross metropolitan product (GMP) of $831 billion (as
of 2008[update]), making it the third-largest in the world, after the
Greater Tokyo and New York metropolitan areas.
Los Angeles

Los Angeles hosted the
1932 and
1984 Summer Olympics

1984 Summer Olympics and will host the Olympic Games for a
third time in 2028.
Contents
1 History
1.1 Pre-colonial period, up to 1771
1.2 Spanish period, 1771 to 1821
1.3 Mexican period, 1821 to 1847
1.4 American period, 1847 to the present
2 Geography
2.1 Cityscape
2.2 Overview
2.2.1 Landmarks
2.3 Topography
2.4 Vegetation
2.5 Geology
2.6 Climate
2.7 Environmental issues
3 Demographics
3.1 Race and ethnicity
3.2 Religion
4 Economy
4.1 Fortune 500
5 Culture
5.1 Movies and the performing arts
5.2 Museums and galleries
6 Sports
7 Government
7.1 Federal and state representation
7.2 Crime
8 Education
8.1 Colleges and universities
8.2 Schools and libraries
9 Media
10 Transportation
10.1 Freeways
10.2 Transit systems
10.3 Airports
10.4 Seaports
11 Notable people
12 Twin towns and sister cities
13 See also
14 References
15 Further reading
16 External links
History
Main article: History of Los Angeles
See also:
Timeline of Los Angeles

Timeline of Los Angeles and
Los Angeles

Los Angeles in the 1920s
Historical affiliations
Spanish Empire

Spanish Empire 1781–1821
First Mexican Empire

First Mexican Empire 1821–1823
United Mexican States

United Mexican States 1823–1848
California

California Republic 1846
United States

United States 1848–present
Pre-colonial period, up to 1771
The
Los Angeles

Los Angeles coastal area was settled by the
Tongva

Tongva (Gabrieleños)
and Chumash Native Californian tribes. A Gabrielino settlement in the
area was called iyáangẚ (written Yang-na by the Spanish), meaning
"poison oak place."[23][24]
Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, a Portuguese-born explorer, claimed the area
of southern
California

California for the
Spanish Empire

Spanish Empire in 1542 while on an
official military exploring expedition moving north along the Pacific
coast from earlier colonizing bases of
New Spain

New Spain in Central and South
America.[25]
Gaspar de Portolà

Gaspar de Portolà and
Franciscan

Franciscan missionary Juan
Crespí, reached the present site of
Los Angeles

Los Angeles on August 2,
1769.[26]
Spanish period, 1771 to 1821
Chumash people

Chumash people lived in
Los Angeles

Los Angeles before Europeans settled there.
In 1771,
Franciscan

Franciscan friar
Junípero Serra

Junípero Serra directed the building of the
Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, the first mission in the area.[27] On
September 4, 1781, a group of forty-four settlers known as "Los
Pobladores" founded the pueblo they called "El Pueblo de Nuestra
Señora la Reina de los Ángeles de Porciúncula"; in English, this
translates as "The Town of Our Lady the Queen of the Angels of
Porciuncula". The Queen of the Angels (feast day August 2) is an
honorific of the Virgin Mary;[28] the present-day city still retains
an active
Roman Catholic

Roman Catholic Archdiocese, and remains the largest such
archdiocese in the United States. Two-thirds of the settlers were
mestizo or mulatto with a mixture of African, indigenous and European
ancestry.[29] The settlement remained a small ranch town for decades,
but by 1820, the population had increased to about 650 residents.[30]
Today, the pueblo is commemorated in the historic district of Los
Angeles Pueblo Plaza and Olvera Street, the oldest part of Los
Angeles.[31]
Mexican period, 1821 to 1847
New Spain

New Spain achieved its independence from the
Spanish Empire

Spanish Empire in 1821,
and the pueblo continued as a part of Mexico. During Mexican rule,
Governor
Pío Pico

Pío Pico made
Los Angeles

Los Angeles Alta California's regional
capital.[32]
American period, 1847 to the present
Old Los Angeles
Los Ángeles Plaza in 1869, looking north towards Upper Town.
Legend
The Old Aliso, giant sycamore, historical symbol of Los Angeles.
The Covered Bridge (Macy Street)
Fort Moore
The Calaboose (original adobe jail)
Poundcake Hill
Council Chamber
Government House, seat of the Asamblea when
Los Angeles

Los Angeles was the
capital.
Clocktower Courthouse, courtroom/theatre was on the upper floor,
market was on the ground floor, and clocktower was on top, with copper
dome.
St. Athanasius's Episcopal Church, first Protestant church in Los
Angeles, on Temple Road ("Salvation Alley").
Calle de los Negros
Mellus Block, Gen. Kearney's headquarters
Gov. Downey's house
Old stage road, to Cahuenga Valley & the back way to San Fernando.
Placita Church
Wine Street, (Calle de las vides)
Main Plaza
Water wheel on the Zanja Madre
Approximate run of the original
Los Angeles River

Los Angeles River bed, to current USC,
through the former swamps of Leimert Park, and out to sea at Ballona
Creek and Venice Beach.
LP: Lower Plaza
ECR: El Camino Real
Mexican rule ended during the Mexican–American War: Americans took
control from the
Californios

Californios after a series of battles, culminating
with the signing of the
Treaty of Cahuenga

Treaty of Cahuenga on January 13, 1847.[33]
Railroads arrived with the completion of the Southern Pacific line to
Los Angeles

Los Angeles in 1876.[34] Oil was discovered in the city and
surrounding area in 1892, and by 1923, the discoveries had helped
California

California become the country's largest oil producer, accounting for
about one-quarter of the world's petroleum output.[35]
By 1900, the population had grown to more than 102,000,[36] putting
pressure on the city's water supply.[37] The completion of the Los
Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, under the supervision of William Mulholland,
assured the continued growth of the city.[38] Due to clauses in the
city's charter that effectively prevented the City of
Los Angeles

Los Angeles from
selling or providing water from the aqueduct to any area outside its
borders, many adjacent city and communities became compelled to annex
themselves into Los Angeles.[39][40][41]
Los Angeles

Los Angeles created the first municipal zoning ordinance in the United
States. On September 14, 1908,
Los Angeles City Council

Los Angeles City Council promulgated
residential and industrial land use zones. The new ordinance
established three residential zones of a single type, where industrial
uses were prohibited. The proscriptions included barns, lumber yards,
and any industrial land use employing machine-powered equipment. These
laws were enforced against industrial properties after-the-fact. These
prohibitions were in addition to existing activities which were
already regulated as nuisances. These included explosives warehousing,
gas works, oil-drilling, slaughterhouses, and tanneries. Los Angeles
City Council also designated seven industrial zones within the city.
However, between 1908 and 1915,
Los Angeles City Council

Los Angeles City Council created
various exceptions to the broad proscriptions which applied to these
three residential zones, and as a consequence, some industrial uses
emerged within them. There are two differences from the 1908 Residence
District Ordinance and later zoning laws in the United States. First,
the 1908 laws did not establish a comprehensive zoning map as the 1916
New York City

New York City
Zoning

Zoning Ordinance did. Second, the residential zones did
not distinguish types of housing: it treated apartments, hotels, and
detached-single-family housing equally.[42]
In 1910,
Hollywood

Hollywood merged into Los Angeles, with 10 movie companies
already operating in the city at the time. By 1921, more than 80
percent of the world's film industry was concentrated in L.A.[43] The
money generated by the industry kept the city insulated from much of
the economic loss suffered by the rest of the country during the Great
Depression.[44] By 1930, the population surpassed one million.[45] In
1932, the city hosted the Summer Olympics.
During World War II,
Los Angeles

Los Angeles was a major center of wartime
manufacturing, such as shipbuilding and aircraft. Calship built
hundreds of Liberty Ships and Victory Ships on Terminal Island, and
the
Los Angeles

Los Angeles area was the headquarters of six of the country's
major aircraft manufacturers (Douglas Aircraft Company, Hughes
Aircraft, Lockheed, North American Aviation, Northrop Corporation, and
Vultee). During the war, more aircraft were produced in one year than
in all the pre-war years since the Wright brothers flew the first
airplane in 1903, combined. Manufacturing in
Los Angeles

Los Angeles skyrocketed,
and as William S. Knudsen, of the National Defense Advisory Commission
put it, "We won because we smothered the enemy in an avalanche of
production, the like of which he had never seen, nor dreamed
possible.[46]
The Richfield Tower, an
Art Deco

Art Deco landmark of 1929, was demolished in
1969.
Following the end of World War II,
Los Angeles

Los Angeles grew more rapidly than
ever, sprawling into the San Fernando Valley.[47] The expansion of the
Interstate Highway System

Interstate Highway System during the 1950s and 1960s helped propel
suburban growth and signaled the demise of the city's electrified rail
system, once the world's largest.
The 1960s saw race relations boil over into the
Watts Riots

Watts Riots of 1965
which resulted in 34 deaths and over 1,000 injuries. It was the most
severe riot in the city's history until the
Los Angeles

Los Angeles riots of 1992.
In 1969,
Los Angeles

Los Angeles became the birthplace of the Internet, as the
first
ARPANET

ARPANET transmission was sent from the University of California,
Los Angeles

Los Angeles (UCLA) to SRI in Menlo Park.[48]
In 1984, the city hosted the
Summer Olympic Games

Summer Olympic Games for the second time.
Despite being boycotted by 14 Communist countries, the 1984 Olympics
became more financially successful than any previous,[49] and the
second Olympics to turn a profit until then – the other,
according to an analysis of contemporary newspaper reports, being the
1932 Summer Olympics, also held in Los Angeles.[50]
Racial tensions erupted on April 29, 1992, with the acquittal by a
Simi Valley

Simi Valley jury of the police officers captured on videotape beating
Rodney King, culminating in large-scale riots.[51] They were the
largest riots in US history causing approximately $1.3 billion in
damage as well as 53 deaths and over 2,000 injuries.[52][53]
In 1994, the 6.7
Northridge earthquake

Northridge earthquake shook the city, causing
$12.5 billion in damage and 72 deaths.[54] The century ended with
the Rampart scandal, one of the most extensive documented cases of
police misconduct in American history.[55]
In 2002, voters defeated efforts by the
San Fernando Valley

San Fernando Valley and
Hollywood

Hollywood to secede from the city.[56]
Los Angeles

Los Angeles will host the
2028 Summer Olympics

2028 Summer Olympics and Paralympic Games,
making
Los Angeles

Los Angeles the third city to host the Olympics three
times.[57][58]
Geography
See also:
Los Angeles

Los Angeles Basin; San Fernando Valley; Greater Los Angeles
Area; and
Los Angeles

Los Angeles County, California
Cityscape
Main article: List of districts and neighborhoods of Los Angeles
Panorama of
Los Angeles

Los Angeles as viewed from Griffith Observatory.
Left to right: Los Feliz, Downtown and Hollywood
The city is divided into over 80 districts and neighborhoods,[59] many
of which were incorporated places or communities that merged into the
city.[60] These neighborhoods were developed piecemeal, and are
well-defined enough that the city has signage marking nearly all of
them.[61]
More broadly, the city is divided into the following areas: Downtown
Los Angeles, East
Los Angeles

Los Angeles and Northeast Los Angeles, South Los
Angeles, the Harbor Area, Greater Hollywood, Wilshire, the Westside,
and the San Fernando and Crescenta Valleys.
Overview
Hollywood, one of the city's best known neighborhoods
The city's street pattern generally follows a grid plan, with uniform
block lengths and occasional roads that cut across blocks. However,
this is complicated by rugged terrain, which has necessitated having
different grids for each of the valleys that
Los Angeles

Los Angeles covers. Major
streets are designed to move large volumes of traffic through many
parts of the city; many of which are extremely long: Sepulveda
Boulevard is 43 miles (69 km) long, while Foothill Boulevard is
over 60 miles (97 km) long, reaching as far east as San
Bernardino. Drivers in
Los Angeles

Los Angeles suffer from one of the worst rush
hour periods in the world, according to an annual traffic index by
navigation system maker, TomTom. L.A. drivers spend an additional 92
hours in traffic each year. During the peak rush hour there is 80%
congestion, according to the index.[62]
Los Angeles

Los Angeles is often characterized by the presence of low-rise
buildings. Outside of a few centers such as Downtown, Warner Center,
Century City, Koreatown, Miracle Mile,
Hollywood

Hollywood and Westwood,
skyscrapers and high-rise buildings are not common. The few
skyscrapers that are built outside of those areas often stand out
above the rest of the surrounding landscape. Most construction is done
in separate units, rather than wall-to-wall. That being said, downtown
Los Angeles

Los Angeles itself has many buildings over 30 stories, with fourteen
over 50 stories, and two over 70 stories (the tallest buildings west
of Chicago-see List of tallest buildings in Los Angeles). Also, Los
Angeles is increasingly becoming a city of apartments rather than
single family dwellings, especially in the dense inner city and
Westside neighborhoods.
Landmarks
See also:
List of sites of interest in the Los Angeles area

List of sites of interest in the Los Angeles area and
National Register of Historic Places listings in Los Angeles,
California
Important landmarks in
Los Angeles

Los Angeles include the
Hollywood

Hollywood Sign, Walt
Disney Concert Hall, Capitol Records Building, the
Cathedral

Cathedral of Our
Lady of the Angels, Angels Flight, Grauman's Chinese Theatre, Dolby
Theatre, Griffith Observatory, Getty Center, Getty Villa, the Los
Angeles Memorial Coliseum, the
Los Angeles

Los Angeles County Museum of Art, the
Venice Canal Historic District

Venice Canal Historic District and boardwalk, Theme Building, Bradbury
Building, U.S. Bank Tower, Wilshire Grand Center,
Hollywood

Hollywood Boulevard,
Los Angeles

Los Angeles City Hall,
Hollywood

Hollywood Bowl, Battleship USS Iowa, Watts
Towers, Staples Center, Dodger Stadium, and Olvera Street.
L.A. Live
Grauman's Chinese Theatre
Griffith Observatory
Capitol Records Building
Angels Flight
Downtown Los Angeles
Battleship Iowa
Topography
The
Los Angeles

Los Angeles Basin
The city of
Los Angeles

Los Angeles covers a total area of 502.7 square miles
(1,302 km2), comprising 468.7 square miles (1,214 km2) of
land and 34.0 square miles (88 km2) of water.[19] The city
extends for 44 miles (71 km) longitudinally and for 29 miles
(47 km) latitudinally. The perimeter of the city is 342 miles
(550 km).
Los Angeles

Los Angeles is both flat and hilly. The highest point in the city
proper is 5,074 ft (1,547 m) Mount Lukens,[63][64] located
at the northeastern end of the San Fernando Valley. The eastern end of
the
Santa Monica Mountains

Santa Monica Mountains stretches from Downtown to the Pacific
Ocean and separates the
Los Angeles Basin

Los Angeles Basin from the San Fernando
Valley. Other hilly parts of
Los Angeles

Los Angeles include the Mt. Washington
area north of Downtown, eastern parts such as Boyle Heights, the
Crenshaw district around the Baldwin Hills, and the San Pedro
district.
Surrounding the city are much higher mountains. Immediately to the
north lie the San Gabriel Mountains, which is a popular recreation
area for Angelenos. Its high point is Mount San Antonio, locally known
as Mount Baldy, which reaches 10,064 feet (3,068 m). Further
afield, the highest point in the greater
Los Angeles

Los Angeles area is San
Gorgonio Mountain, with a height of 11,503 feet (3,506 m).
The
Los Angeles

Los Angeles River, which is largely seasonal, is the primary
drainage channel. It was straightened and lined in 51 miles
(82 km) of concrete by the Army Corps of Engineers to act as a
flood control channel.[65] The river begins in the Canoga Park
district of the city, flows east from the
San Fernando Valley

San Fernando Valley along
the north edge of the
Santa Monica

Santa Monica Mountains, and turns south through
the city center, flowing to its mouth in the
Port of Long Beach

Port of Long Beach at the
Pacific Ocean. The smaller
Ballona Creek

Ballona Creek flows into the Santa Monica
Bay at Playa del Rey.
Vegetation
Los Angeles

Los Angeles is rich in native plant species partly because of its
diversity of habitats, including beaches, wetlands, and mountains. The
most prevalent plant communities are coastal sage scrub, chaparral
shrubland, and riparian woodland.[66] Native plants include:
California

California poppy, matilija poppy, toyon, Ceanothus, Chamise, Coast
Live Oak, sycamore, willow and Giant Wildrye. Many of these native
species, such as the
Los Angeles

Los Angeles sunflower, have become so rare as to
be considered endangered. Though it is not native to the area, the
official tree of
Los Angeles

Los Angeles is the Coral Tree (Erythrina caffra)[67]
and the official flower of
Los Angeles

Los Angeles is the Bird of Paradise
(Strelitzia reginae).[68] Mexican Fan Palms, Canary Island Palms,
Queen Palms, Date Palms, and
California

California Fan Palms are common in the
Los Angeles

Los Angeles area, although only the last is native.
Geology
Los Angeles

Los Angeles is subject to earthquakes because of its location on the
Pacific Ring of Fire. The geologic instability has produced numerous
faults, which cause approximately 10,000 earthquakes annually in
Southern California, though most of them are too small to be felt.[69]
The strike-slip
San Andreas Fault

San Andreas Fault system is located at the boundary
between the
Pacific Plate

Pacific Plate and the North American Plate, and is
vulnerable to the "big one", a potentially large and damaging
event.[70] The
Los Angeles

Los Angeles basin and metropolitan area are also at
risk from blind thrust earthquakes.[71] Major earthquakes that have
hit the
Los Angeles

Los Angeles area include the 1933 Long Beach, 1971 San
Fernando, 1987 Whittier Narrows, and the 1994 Northridge events.
Nevertheless, all but a few are of low intensity and are not felt. The
USGS has released the UCERF
California

California earthquake forecast which
models earthquake occurrence in California. Parts of the city are also
vulnerable to tsunamis; harbor areas were damaged by waves from the
Valdivia earthquake in 1960.[72]
Climate
Main article: Climate of Los Angeles
MacArthur Park

MacArthur Park in Westlake
Los Angeles

Los Angeles has a
Mediterranean climate

Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate
classification Csb on the coast, Csa inland), and receives just enough
annual precipitation to avoid Köppen's BSn (mild semi-arid climate)
classification.
Los Angeles

Los Angeles has plenty of sunshine throughout the
year, with an average of only 35 days with measurable precipitation
annually.[73] The coastal region around
Los Angeles

Los Angeles has a climate that
is comparable to coastal areas of southeastern
Spain

Spain such as Alicante
or Elche, in temperature range and variation, in sunshine hours and as
well as annual precipitation levels.
Temperatures in the coastal basin exceed 90 °F (32 °C) on
a dozen or so days in the year, from one day a month in April, May,
June and November to three days a month in July, August, October and
to five days in September.[73] Temperatures in the San Fernando and
San Gabriel Valleys are considerably warmer. Temperatures are subject
to substantial daily swings; in inland areas the difference between
the average daily low and the average daily high is over 30 °F
(17 °C).[74] The average annual temperature of the sea is
63 °F (17 °C), from 58 °F (14 °C) in January
to 68 °F (20 °C) in August.[75] Hours of sunshine total
more than 3,000 per year, from an average of 7 hours of sunshine per
day in December to an average of 12 in July.[76]
The
Los Angeles

Los Angeles area is also subject to phenomena typical of a
microclimate, causing extreme variations in temperature in close
physical proximity to each other. For instance, the average July
maximum temperature at the
Santa Monica Pier

Santa Monica Pier is 75 °F
(24 °C) whereas it is 95 °F (35 °C) in Canoga
Park.[77] The city, like much of the southern
California

California coast, is
subject to a late spring/early summer weather phenomenon called "June
Gloom". This involves overcast or foggy skies in the morning which
yield to sun by early afternoon.[78]
Downtown Los Angeles

Downtown Los Angeles averages 14.93 in (379 mm) of
precipitation annually, which mainly occurs during November through
March,[74] generally in the form of moderate rain showers, but
sometimes as heavy rainfall during winter storms. Summer days are
usually rainless. Rarely, an incursion of moist air from the south or
east can bring brief thunderstorms in late summer, especially to the
mountains. The coast gets slightly less rainfall, while the inland and
mountain areas get considerably more. Years of average rainfall are
rare. The usual pattern is year to year variability, with a short
string of dry years of 5–10 in (130–250 mm) rainfall,
followed by one or two wet years with more than 20 in
(510 mm).[74] Wet years are usually associated with warm water El
Niño conditions in the Pacific, dry years with cooler water La Niña
episodes. A series of rainy days can bring floods to the lowlands and
mudslides to the hills, especially after wildfires have denuded the
slopes.
Both freezing temperatures and snowfall are extremely rare in the city
basin and along the coast, with the last occurrence of a 32 °F
(0 °C) reading at the downtown station being January 29,
1979;[74] freezing temperatures occur nearly every year in valley
locations while the mountains within city limits typically receive
snowfall every winter. The greatest snowfall recorded in downtown Los
Angeles was 2.0 inches (5 cm) on January 15, 1932.[74][79] At the
official downtown station, the highest recorded temperature is
113 °F (45 °C) on September 27, 2010,[74][80] while the
lowest is 28 °F (−2 °C),[74] on January 4, 1949.[74]
During autumn and winter,
Santa Ana winds

Santa Ana winds sometimes bring much warmer
and drier conditions to Los Angeles, and raise the wildfire risk.
Climate data for
Los Angeles

Los Angeles (USC, Downtown), 1981–2010 normals,
extremes 1877–present
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Record high °F (°C)
95
(35)
95
(35)
99
(37)
106
(41)
103
(39)
112
(44)
109
(43)
106
(41)
113
(45)
108
(42)
100
(38)
92
(33)
113
(45)
Mean maximum °F (°C)
83.3
(28.5)
84.3
(29.1)
85.8
(29.9)
91.2
(32.9)
89.7
(32.1)
90.2
(32.3)
94.1
(34.5)
95.3
(35.2)
98.9
(37.2)
95.5
(35.3)
88.0
(31.1)
81.4
(27.4)
102.7
(39.3)
Average high °F (°C)
68.2
(20.1)
68.6
(20.3)
70.2
(21.2)
72.7
(22.6)
74.5
(23.6)
78.1
(25.6)
83.1
(28.4)
84.4
(29.1)
83.1
(28.4)
78.5
(25.8)
72.8
(22.7)
67.7
(19.8)
75.2
(24)
Daily mean °F (°C)
58.0
(14.4)
58.9
(14.9)
60.6
(15.9)
63.1
(17.3)
65.8
(18.8)
69.2
(20.7)
73.3
(22.9)
74.3
(23.5)
73.1
(22.8)
68.6
(20.3)
62.4
(16.9)
57.6
(14.2)
65.4
(18.6)
Average low °F (°C)
47.8
(8.8)
49.3
(9.6)
51.0
(10.6)
53.5
(11.9)
57.1
(13.9)
60.3
(15.7)
63.6
(17.6)
64.1
(17.8)
63.1
(17.3)
58.7
(14.8)
52.0
(11.1)
47.5
(8.6)
55.7
(13.2)
Mean minimum °F (°C)
41.3
(5.2)
42.9
(6.1)
44.9
(7.2)
48.4
(9.1)
53.6
(12)
57.2
(14)
61.2
(16.2)
61.8
(16.6)
59.2
(15.1)
54.1
(12.3)
45.0
(7.2)
40.8
(4.9)
39.1
(3.9)
Record low °F (°C)
28
(−2)
28
(−2)
31
(−1)
36
(2)
40
(4)
46
(8)
49
(9)
49
(9)
44
(7)
40
(4)
34
(1)
30
(−1)
28
(−2)
Average rainfall inches (mm)
3.12
(79.2)
3.80
(96.5)
2.43
(61.7)
0.91
(23.1)
0.26
(6.6)
0.09
(2.3)
0.01
(0.3)
0.04
(1)
0.24
(6.1)
0.66
(16.8)
1.04
(26.4)
2.33
(59.2)
14.93
(379.2)
Average rainy days (≥ 0.01 in)
6.1
6.4
5.5
3.2
1.3
0.6
0.3
0.3
1.0
2.5
3.3
5.2
35.7
Mean monthly sunshine hours
225.3
222.5
267.0
303.5
276.2
275.8
364.1
349.5
278.5
255.1
217.3
219.4
3,254.2
Percent possible sunshine
71
72
72
78
64
64
83
84
75
73
70
71
73
Source: NOAA (sun 1961–1977)[81][82][83]
Climate data for
Los Angeles

Los Angeles (LAX), 1981–2010 normals, extremes
1944–present
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Record high °F (°C)
91
(33)
92
(33)
95
(35)
95
(35)
91
(33)
103
(39)
93
(34)
98
(37)
106
(41)
101
(38)
101
(38)
94
(34)
106
(41)
Mean maximum °F (°C)
81.2
(27.3)
81.0
(27.2)
79.6
(26.4)
83.4
(28.6)
79.9
(26.6)
80.0
(26.7)
83.6
(28.7)
85.7
(29.8)
90.1
(32.3)
89.9
(32.2)
85.5
(29.7)
78.9
(26.1)
94.7
(34.8)
Average high °F (°C)
64.6
(18.1)
64.3
(17.9)
64.4
(18)
66.4
(19.1)
68.1
(20.1)
70.6
(21.4)
73.8
(23.2)
74.9
(23.8)
74.6
(23.7)
72.5
(22.5)
68.9
(20.5)
64.6
(18.1)
69.0
(20.6)
Daily mean °F (°C)
56.7
(13.7)
57.1
(13.9)
58.0
(14.4)
60.1
(15.6)
62.7
(17.1)
65.5
(18.6)
68.8
(20.4)
69.6
(20.9)
68.9
(20.5)
65.9
(18.8)
61.1
(16.2)
56.6
(13.7)
62.6
(17)
Average low °F (°C)
48.8
(9.3)
50.0
(10)
51.7
(10.9)
53.8
(12.1)
57.3
(14.1)
60.5
(15.8)
63.7
(17.6)
64.3
(17.9)
63.2
(17.3)
59.3
(15.2)
53.2
(11.8)
48.7
(9.3)
56.2
(13.4)
Mean minimum °F (°C)
41.1
(5.1)
42.5
(5.8)
44.6
(7)
47.5
(8.6)
52.5
(11.4)
56.2
(13.4)
59.8
(15.4)
60.6
(15.9)
58.4
(14.7)
52.7
(11.5)
45.3
(7.4)
40.9
(4.9)
38.8
(3.8)
Record low °F (°C)
27
(−3)
34
(1)
35
(2)
42
(6)
45
(7)
48
(9)
52
(11)
51
(11)
47
(8)
43
(6)
38
(3)
32
(0)
27
(−3)
Average rainfall inches (mm)
2.71
(68.8)
3.25
(82.6)
1.85
(47)
0.70
(17.8)
0.22
(5.6)
0.08
(2)
0.03
(0.8)
0.05
(1.3)
0.21
(5.3)
0.56
(14.2)
1.11
(28.2)
2.05
(52.1)
12.82
(325.6)
Average rainy days (≥ 0.01 in)
6.0
6.6
5.8
2.8
1.2
0.6
0.5
0.3
1.0
2.3
3.4
5.2
35.7
Average relative humidity (%)
63.4
67.9
70.5
71.0
74.0
75.9
76.6
76.6
74.2
70.5
65.5
62.9
70.8
Source: NOAA (relative humidity 1961–1990)[81][84][85]
Climate data for
Los Angeles

Los Angeles (Canoga Park, in the San Fernando Valley)
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Record high °F (°C)
93
(34)
94
(34)
101
(38)
105
(41)
113
(45)
113
(45)
115
(46)
116
(47)
115
(46)
110
(43)
99
(37)
96
(36)
116
(47)
Average high °F (°C)
67.9
(19.9)
69.9
(21.1)
72.0
(22.2)
77.7
(25.4)
81.3
(27.4)
88.8
(31.6)
95.0
(35)
96.0
(35.6)
91.7
(33.2)
84.4
(29.1)
74.7
(23.7)
68.8
(20.4)
80.7
(27.1)
Daily mean °F (°C)
53.7
(12.1)
55.4
(13)
57.2
(14)
61.3
(16.3)
65.2
(18.4)
71.0
(21.7)
76.0
(24.4)
76.8
(24.9)
73.5
(23.1)
66.8
(19.3)
58.2
(14.6)
53.6
(12)
64.1
(17.8)
Average low °F (°C)
39.5
(4.2)
40.9
(4.9)
42.3
(5.7)
44.8
(7.1)
49.1
(9.5)
53.2
(11.8)
56.9
(13.8)
57.6
(14.2)
55.2
(12.9)
49.2
(9.6)
41.7
(5.4)
38.3
(3.5)
47.4
(8.6)
Record low °F (°C)
19
(−7)
18
(−8)
26
(−3)
30
(−1)
33
(1)
36
(2)
42
(6)
42
(6)
38
(3)
27
(−3)
23
(−5)
20
(−7)
18
(−8)
Average rainfall inches (mm)
3.83
(97.3)
4.40
(111.8)
3.60
(91.4)
0.88
(22.4)
0.32
(8.1)
0.07
(1.8)
0.01
(0.3)
0.15
(3.8)
0.24
(6.1)
0.62
(15.7)
1.29
(32.8)
2.38
(60.5)
17.79
(452)
Average rainy days
6.2
5.9
6.1
3.0
1.3
0.4
0.1
0.7
1.3
2.0
3.2
4.4
34.6
Source: NOAA[74]
Environmental issues
Further information: Pollution in
California

California §
Los Angeles

Los Angeles air
pollution
A view of
Los Angeles

Los Angeles covered in smog
A Gabrielino settlement in the area was called iyáangẚ (written
Yang-na by the Spanish), which has been translated as "poison oak
place".[23][24] Yang-na has also been translated as "the valley of
smoke".[86][87] Owing to geography, heavy reliance on automobiles, and
the Los Angeles/Long Beach port complex,
Los Angeles

Los Angeles suffers from air
pollution in the form of smog. The
Los Angeles Basin

Los Angeles Basin and the San
Fernando Valley are susceptible to atmospheric inversion, which holds
in the exhausts from road vehicles, airplanes, locomotives, shipping,
manufacturing, and other sources.[88]
The smog season lasts from approximately May to October.[89] While
other large cities rely on rain to clear smog,
Los Angeles

Los Angeles gets only
15 inches (380 mm) of rain each year: pollution accumulates over
many consecutive days. Issues of air quality in
Los Angeles

Los Angeles and other
major cities led to the passage of early national environmental
legislation, including the Clean Air Act. More recently, the state of
California

California has led the nation in working to limit pollution by
mandating low-emission vehicles.
Smog

Smog is expected to continue to drop
in the coming years because of aggressive steps to reduce it, which
include electric and hybrid cars, improvements in mass transit, and
other measures.
The number of Stage 1 smog alerts in
Los Angeles

Los Angeles has declined from
over 100 per year in the 1970s to almost zero in the new
millennium.[90] Despite improvement, the 2006 and 2007 annual reports
of the
American Lung Association

American Lung Association ranked the city as the most polluted
in the country with short-term particle pollution and year-round
particle pollution.[91] In 2008, the city was ranked the second most
polluted and again had the highest year-round particulate
pollution.[92] The city met its goal of providing 20 percent of the
city's power from renewable sources in 2010.[93] The American Lung
Association's 2013 survey ranks the metro area as having the nation's
worst smog, and fourth in both short-term and year-round pollution
amounts.[94]
Los Angeles

Los Angeles is also home to the nation's largest urban oil field.
There are more than 700 active oil wells located within 1,500 feet of
homes, churches, schools and hospitals in the city, a situation about
which the EPA has voiced serious concerns.[95]
Demographics
Main article: Demographics of Los Angeles
Percent of households with incomes above $150k across LA County census
tracts.
Historical population
Census
Pop.
%±
1850
1,610
—
1860
4,385
172.4%
1870
5,728
30.6%
1880
11,183
95.2%
1890
50,395
350.6%
1900
102,479
103.4%
1910
319,198
211.5%
1920
576,673
80.7%
1930
1,238,048
114.7%
1940
1,504,277
21.5%
1950
1,970,358
31.0%
1960
2,479,015
25.8%
1970
2,811,801
13.4%
1980
2,968,528
5.6%
1990
3,485,398
17.4%
2000
3,694,820
6.0%
2010
3,792,621
2.6%
Est. 2016
3,976,322
[12]
4.8%
U.S. Decennial Census[96]
The 2010
United States

United States Census[97] reported that
Los Angeles

Los Angeles had a
population of 3,792,621.[98] The population density was 8,092.3 people
per square mile (2,913.0/km²). The age distribution was 874,525
people (23.1%) under 18, 434,478 people (11.5%) from 18 to 24,
1,209,367 people (31.9%) from 25 to 44, 877,555 people (23.1%) from 45
to 64, and 396,696 people (10.5%) who were 65 or older.[98] The median
age was 34.1 years. For every 100 females there were 99.2 males. For
every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.6 males.[98]
There were 1,413,995 housing units—up from 1,298,350 during
2005–2009[98]—at an average density of 2,812.8 households per
square mile (1,086.0/km²), of which 503,863 (38.2%) were
owner-occupied, and 814,305 (61.8%) were occupied by renters. The
homeowner vacancy rate was 2.1%; the rental vacancy rate was 6.1%.
1,535,444 people (40.5% of the population) lived in owner-occupied
housing units and 2,172,576 people (57.3%) lived in rental housing
units.[98]
According to the 2010
United States

United States Census,
Los Angeles

Los Angeles had a median
household income of $49,497, with 22.0% of the population living below
the federal poverty line.[98]
Race and ethnicity
Racial composition
2010[98]
1990[99]
1970[99]
1940[99]
Non-
Hispanic

Hispanic White
28.7%
37.3%
61.1%[100]
86.3%
Black or African American
9.6%
14.0%
17.9%
4.2%
Hispanic

Hispanic or Latino
48.5%
39.9%
17.1%[100]
7.1%[101]
Asian
11.3%
9.8%
3.6%
2.2%
Map of racial distribution in Los Angeles, 2010 U.S. Census. Each dot
is 25 people: White, Black, Asian,
Hispanic

Hispanic or Other (yellow)
According to the 2010 Census, the racial makeup of Los Angeles
included: 1,888,158 Whites (49.8%), 365,118
African Americans

African Americans (9.6%),
28,215 Native Americans (0.7%), 426,959 Asians (11.3%), 5,577 Pacific
Islanders (0.1%), 902,959 from other races (23.8%), and 175,635 (4.6%)
from two or more races.[98] Hispanics or Latinos of any race were
1,838,822 persons (48.5%).
Los Angeles

Los Angeles is home to people from more
than 140 countries speaking 224 different identified languages.[102]
Ethnic enclaves like Chinatown, Historic Filipinotown, Koreatown,
Little Armenia, Little Ethiopia, Tehrangeles, Little Tokyo, Little
Bangladesh, and Thai Town provide examples of the polyglot character
of Los Angeles.
Non-Hispanic whites

Non-Hispanic whites were 28.7% of the population in 2010,[98] compared
to 86.3% in 1940.[99] The majority of the Non-
Hispanic

Hispanic white
population is living in areas along the Pacific coast as well as in
neighborhoods near and on the
Santa Monica Mountains

Santa Monica Mountains from the Pacific
Palisades to Los Feliz.
Mexican ancestry make up the largest ethnic group of Hispanics at
31.9% of Los Angeles's population, followed by those of Salvadoran
(6.0%) and Guatemalan (3.6%) heritage. The
Hispanic

Hispanic population has a
long established Mexican-American and Central American community and
is spread well-nigh throughout the entire city of
Los Angeles

Los Angeles and its
metropolitan area. It is most heavily concentrated in regions around
Downtown as East Los Angeles,
Northeast Los Angeles

Northeast Los Angeles and Westlake.
Furthermore, a vast majority of residents in neighborhoods in eastern
South Los Angeles

South Los Angeles towards Downey are of
Hispanic

Hispanic origin.
The largest Asian ethnic groups are Filipinos (3.2%) and Koreans
(2.9%), which have their own established ethnic enclaves−Koreatown
in the Wilshire Center and Historic Filipinotown. Chinese people,
which make up 1.8% of Los Angeles's population, reside mostly outside
of
Los Angeles

Los Angeles city limits and rather in the
San Gabriel Valley

San Gabriel Valley of
eastern
Los Angeles

Los Angeles County, but make a sizable presence in the city,
notably in Chinatown. Chinatown and Thaitown are also home to many
Thais and Cambodians, which make up 0.3% and 0.1% of Los Angeles's
population, respectively. Japanese comprise 0.9% of L.A.'s population,
and have an established Little
Tokyo

Tokyo in the city's downtown, and
another significant community of Japanese Americans is located in the
Sawtelle district of West Los Angeles. Vietnamese make up 0.5% of Los
Angeles's population. Indians make up 0.9% of the city's population.
The
Los Angeles metropolitan area

Los Angeles metropolitan area is home to a large population of
Armenians and Iranians, many of whom live in enclaves like Little
Armenia and Tehrangeles.
See also:
African-American

African-American neighborhoods in Los Angeles
African Americans

African Americans have been the predominant ethnic group in South Los
Angeles, which has emerged as the largest
African American

African American community
in the western
United States

United States since the 1960s. The neighborhoods of
South LA with highest concentration of
African Americans

African Americans include
Crenshaw, Baldwin Hills, Leimert Park, Hyde Park, Gramercy Park,
Manchester

Manchester Square and Watts.[103] Apart from South Los Angeles,
neighborhoods in the Central region of Los Angeles, as Mid-City and
Mid-Wilshire have a moderate concentration of
African Americans

African Americans as
well. In 1970, the Census Bureau reported the city's population as
17.9% black, 61.1% non-
Hispanic

Hispanic white and 17.1% Hispanic.[99]
Religion
Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels

Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels is the mother cathedral for the
Los Angeles

Los Angeles archdiocese.
Built in 1956, the
Los Angeles

Los Angeles
California

California Temple of The Church of
Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is the second largest LDS temple in
the world.
According to a 2014 study by the Pew Research Center,
Christianity

Christianity is
the most prevalently practiced religion in Los Angeles
(65%).[104][105] Perhaps owing to the fact of its founding by
Franciscan

Franciscan friars of Roman Catholicism, the
Roman Catholic

Roman Catholic Archbishop
of
Los Angeles

Los Angeles leads the largest archdiocese in the country.[106]
Cardinal
Roger Mahony

Roger Mahony oversaw construction of the
Cathedral

Cathedral of Our
Lady of the Angels, which opened in September 2002 in downtown Los
Angeles.[107] Construction of the cathedral marked a coming of age of
the city's Catholic, heavily Latino community. There are numerous
Catholic churches and parishes throughout Los Angeles.
In 2011, the once common, but ultimately lapsed, custom of conducting
a procession and Mass in honor of Nuestra Señora de los Ángeles, in
commemoration of the founding of the City of
Los Angeles

Los Angeles in 1781, was
revived by the
Queen of Angels Foundation
.jpg/300px-Inmaculada_Concepción_(Murillo,_1662).jpg)
Queen of Angels Foundation and its founder Mark Albert,
with the support and approbation of the
Archdiocese

Archdiocese of
Los Angeles

Los Angeles as
well as several civic leaders.[108] The recently revived custom is a
continuation of the original processions and Masses which commenced on
the first anniversary of the founding of
Los Angeles

Los Angeles in 1782 and
continued for nearly a century thereafter.
With 621,000 Jews in the metropolitan area (490,000 in city proper),
the region has the second largest population of Jews in the United
States.[109] Many of Los Angeles's Jews now live on the Westside and
in the San Fernando Valley, though
Boyle Heights
,_Boyle_Heights,_Los_Angeles.JPG/500px-Congregation_Talmud_Torah_(Breed_Street_Shul),_Boyle_Heights,_Los_Angeles.JPG)
Boyle Heights and Northwest Los
Angeles once had large Jewish populations. Many varieties of Judaism
are represented in the area, including Reform, Conservative, Orthodox,
and Reconstructionist. The
Breed Street Shul
,_Boyle_Heights,_Los_Angeles.JPG/500px-Congregation_Talmud_Torah_(Breed_Street_Shul),_Boyle_Heights,_Los_Angeles.JPG)
Breed Street Shul in East Los Angeles,
built in 1923, was the largest synagogue west of
Chicago

Chicago in its early
decades.[110] (It is no longer a sacred space and is being converted
to a museum and community center.)[111] The
Kabbalah Centre

Kabbalah Centre also has a
presence in the city.[112]
The
International Church of the Foursquare Gospel

International Church of the Foursquare Gospel was founded in Los
Angeles by
Aimee Semple McPherson

Aimee Semple McPherson in 1923 and remains headquartered
there to this day. For many years, the church convened at Angelus
Temple, which, when built, was one of the largest churches in the
country.[113]
Los Angeles

Los Angeles has had a rich and influential Protestant tradition. The
first Protestant service in
Los Angeles

Los Angeles was a Methodist meeting held
in a private home in 1850 and the oldest Protestant church still
operating, First Congregational Church, was founded in 1867.[114] In
the early 1900s the
Bible Institute Of Los Angeles

Bible Institute Of Los Angeles published the
founding documents of the
Christian Fundamentalist

Christian Fundamentalist movement and the
Azusa Street Revival

Azusa Street Revival launched Pentecostalism.[114] The Metropolitan
Community Church also had its origins in the
Los Angeles

Los Angeles area.[115]
Important churches in the city include First Presbyterian Church of
Hollywood, Bel Air Presbyterian Church, First African Methodist
Episcopal Church of Los Angeles, West Angeles Church of God in Christ,
Second Baptist Church, Crenshaw Christian Center, McCarty Memorial
Christian Church, and First Congregational Church.
The
Los Angeles

Los Angeles
California

California Temple, the second largest temple operated
by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, is on Santa Monica
Boulevard in the Westwood neighborhood of Los Angeles. Dedicated in
1956, it was the first LDS temple built in
California

California and it was the
largest in the world when completed.[116]
The
Hollywood

Hollywood region of
Los Angeles

Los Angeles also has several significant
headquarters, churches, and the
Celebrity Center

Celebrity Center of
Scientology.[citation needed]
Because of Los Angeles's large multi-ethnic population, a wide variety
of faiths are practiced, including Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam,
Zoroastrianism, Sikhism, Bahá'í, various Eastern Orthodox Churches,
Sufism

Sufism and others. Immigrants from Asia for example, have formed a
number of significant Buddhist congregations making the city home to
the greatest variety of Buddhists in the world. The first Buddhist
joss house was founded in the city in 1875.[117]
Atheism

Atheism and other
secular beliefs are also common, as the city is the largest in the
Western U.S. Unchurched Belt.
Economy
Employment by industry in
Los Angeles

Los Angeles County (2015)
Financial companies such as US Bancorp, Ernst & Young, Aon, Bank
of America, PwC, and
Deloitte

Deloitte have offices in the Downtown Financial
District.
Further information:
Los Angeles County, California

Los Angeles County, California § Economy
See also:
Los Angeles

Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce
The economy of
Los Angeles

Los Angeles is driven by international trade,
entertainment (television, motion pictures, video games, music
recording, and production), aerospace, technology, petroleum, fashion,
apparel, and tourism.[citation needed] Other significant industries
include finance, telecommunications, law, healthcare, and
transportation. In the 2017 Global Financial Centres Index, Los
Angeles was ranked as having the 19th most competitive financial
center in the world, and sixth most competitive in United States
(after New York City, San Francisco, Chicago, Boston, and Washington,
D.C.).[118]
Two of the six major film studios,
Paramount Pictures
.jpg)
Paramount Pictures and 20th Century
Fox, are located within the city limits,[119] their locations being
part of the so-called "Thirty-Mile Zone" of entertainment headquarters
in Southern California.
Los Angeles

Los Angeles is the largest manufacturing center in the western United
States.[120] The contiguous ports of
Los Angeles

Los Angeles and Long Beach
together comprise the fifth-busiest port in the world and the most
significant port in the
Western Hemisphere

Western Hemisphere and is vital to trade
within the Pacific Rim.[120]
The Los Angeles–Long Beach metropolitan area has a gross
metropolitan product of $866 billion (as of 2015[update]),[121]
making it the third-largest economic metropolitan area in the world,
after
Tokyo

Tokyo and New York.[122]
Los Angeles

Los Angeles has been classified an
"Alpha world city" according to a 2012 study by a group at
Loughborough University.[123]
The largest employers in the city as of 2009[update] were, in
descending order, the City of Los Angeles, the County of Los Angeles,
and University of California, Los Angeles.[124] The University of
Southern
California

California (USC) is the city's fourth largest employer and
the largest private sector employer.[125]
Fortune 500
The city was home to six companies in the 2014 Fortune 500.[126]
Top publicly traded companies
in
Los Angeles

Los Angeles for 2014
(ranked by revenues)
with City and U.S. ranks
L.A.
Corporation
US
1
Occidental Petroleum

Occidental Petroleum Corporation
116
2
Health Net, Inc.
254
3
Reliance Steel & Aluminum Co.
299
4
AECOM Technology Corporation
332
5
Oaktree Capital Group, LLC
354
6
CBRE Group, Inc.
363
Source: Fortune 500[127]
Culture
The Dolby Theatre; venue for the Academy Awards
Walt Disney Concert Hall
Main article: Arts and culture of Los Angeles
Los Angeles

Los Angeles is often billed as the "Creative Capital of the World",
because one in every six of its residents works in a creative
industry[128] and there are more artists, writers, filmmakers, actors,
dancers and musicians living and working in
Los Angeles

Los Angeles than any other
city at any time in history.[129]
Movies and the performing arts
The city's
Hollywood

Hollywood neighborhood has become recognized as the center
of the motion picture industry.
Los Angeles

Los Angeles plays host to the annual
Academy Awards

Academy Awards and is the site of the USC School of Cinematic Arts,
the oldest film school in the United States.[130]
The performing arts play a major role in Los Angeles's cultural
identity. According to the USC Stevens Institute for Innovation,
"there are more than 1,100 annual theatrical productions and 21
openings every week."[129] The
Los Angeles Music Center

Los Angeles Music Center is "one of the
three largest performing arts centers in the nation", with more than
1.3 million visitors per year.[131] The Walt Disney Concert Hall,
centerpiece of the Music Center, is home to the prestigious Los
Angeles Philharmonic. Notable organizations such as Center Theatre
Group, the
Los Angeles

Los Angeles Master Chorale, and the
Los Angeles Opera

Los Angeles Opera are
also resident companies of the Music Center. Talent is locally
cultivated at premier institutions such as the
Colburn School

Colburn School and the
USC Thornton School of Music.
Museums and galleries
See also:
Los Angeles

Los Angeles City Museums
The Fox Plaza in Century City, headquarters for 20th Century Fox
There are 841 museums and art galleries in
Los Angeles

Los Angeles County.[132] In
fact,
Los Angeles

Los Angeles has more museums per capita than any other city in
the world.[132] Some of the notable museums are the
Los Angeles

Los Angeles County
Museum of Art (the largest art museum in the Western United
States[133]), the
Getty Center

Getty Center (part of the larger J. Paul Getty
Trust, the world's wealthiest art institution[134]), the Battleship
Iowa, and the Museum of Contemporary Art. A significant number of art
galleries are located on Gallery Row, and tens of thousands attend the
monthly Downtown Art Walk there.[135]
Sports
Dodger Stadium

Dodger Stadium is the home of the
Los Angeles

Los Angeles Dodgers.
See also:
Sports in Los Angeles

Sports in Los Angeles and History of the National Football
League in Los Angeles
The city of
Los Angeles

Los Angeles and its metropolitan area are the home of
eleven top level professional sports teams. These teams include the
Los Angeles Dodgers

Los Angeles Dodgers and
Los Angeles Angels

Los Angeles Angels of Major League Baseball
(MLB), the
Los Angeles Rams

Los Angeles Rams and the
Los Angeles Chargers

Los Angeles Chargers of the
National Football League

National Football League (NFL), the
Los Angeles Lakers

Los Angeles Lakers and Los Angeles
Clippers of the
National Basketball Association

National Basketball Association (NBA), the Los Angeles
Kings and
Anaheim Ducks

Anaheim Ducks of the
National Hockey League

National Hockey League (NHL), the Los
Angeles Galaxy &
Los Angeles FC

Los Angeles FC of
Major League Soccer

Major League Soccer (MLS), and
the
Los Angeles Sparks

Los Angeles Sparks of the Women's National Basketball Association
(WNBA).
Other notable sports teams include the
UCLA Bruins

UCLA Bruins and the USC Trojans
in the
National Collegiate Athletic Association

National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), both of which
are Division I teams in the Pac-12 Conference.
Los Angeles

Los Angeles is the second-largest city in the
United States

United States but hosted
no NFL team between 1995 and 2015. At one time, the
Los Angeles

Los Angeles area
hosted two NFL teams: the Rams and the Raiders. Both left the city in
1995, with the Rams moving to St. Louis, and the Raiders moving back
to their original home of Oakland. After 21 seasons in St. Louis, on
January 12, 2016, the NFL announced that the Rams would be moving back
to
Los Angeles

Los Angeles for the 2016 NFL season. A new stadium will be built in
Inglewood,
California

California for the team by the 2020 season.[136][137][138]
Prior to 1995, the Rams played their home games in the Los Angeles
Memorial Coliseum from 1946 to 1979 and the Raiders played their home
games at the
Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum

Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum from 1982 to 1994. The San
Diego Chargers announced on January 12, 2017 that they would relocate
to
Los Angeles

Los Angeles and become the
Los Angeles Chargers

Los Angeles Chargers beginning in the
2017 NFL season and play at the
StubHub Center

StubHub Center in Carson, California
for the next three seasons until the Rams' Inglewood stadium is
completed.
Staples Center

Staples Center is a sports arena, home to the
Los Angeles

Los Angeles Lakers, Los
Angeles Sparks,
Los Angeles

Los Angeles Clippers, and
Los Angeles

Los Angeles Kings.
Los Angeles

Los Angeles has twice hosted the Summer Olympic Games: in 1932 and in
1984, and will host the games for a third time in 2028.[139] Los
Angeles will be the third city after
London

London (1908, 1948 and 2012) and
Paris

Paris (1900, 1924 and 2024) to host the Olympic Games three times.
When the tenth Olympic Games were hosted in 1932, the former 10th
Street was renamed Olympic Blvd. Super Bowls I and VII were also held
in the city, as well as multiple
FIFA World Cup

FIFA World Cup games at the Rose Bowl
in 1994, including the final.
Los Angeles

Los Angeles also hosted the Deaflympics
in 1985[140] and
Special

Special Olympics World Summer Games in 2015.[141]
Los Angeles

Los Angeles boasts a number of sports venues, including Dodger
Stadium, the
Los Angeles

Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum, and the Staples Center.
The Forum, the StubHub Center, and the Rose Bowl are also located in
adjacent cities.
Government
Main article: Government of Los Angeles
See also:
Government of Los Angeles

Government of Los Angeles County
Los Angeles

Los Angeles is a charter city as opposed to a general law city. The
current charter was adopted on June 8, 1999 and has been amended many
times since then.[142] The elected government consists of the Los
Angeles City Council and the
Mayor of Los Angeles

Mayor of Los Angeles which operate under
a mayor-council government, as well as the city attorney (not to be
confused with the district attorney, a county office) and controller.
The current mayor is Eric Garcetti. There are 15 city council
districts.
The city has many departments and appointed officers, including the
Los Angeles Police Department

Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD), the
Los Angeles

Los Angeles Board of Police
Commissioners, the
Los Angeles Fire Department

Los Angeles Fire Department (LAFD), the Housing
Authority of the City of
Los Angeles

Los Angeles (HACLA), the Los Angeles
Department of Transportation (LADOT), and the
Los Angeles

Los Angeles Public
Library (LAPL).
The Charter of the City of
Los Angeles

Los Angeles ratified by voters in 1999
created a system of advisory neighborhood councils that would
represent the diversity of stakeholders, defined as those who live,
work or own property in the neighborhood. The neighborhood councils
are relatively autonomous and spontaneous in that they identify their
own boundaries, establish their own bylaws, and elect their own
officers. There are currently about 90 neighborhood councils.
Residents of
Los Angeles

Los Angeles elect supervisors for the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and
4th supervisorial districts.
Federal and state representation
In the
California

California State Assembly,
Los Angeles

Los Angeles is split between
fourteen districts.[143] In the
California

California State Senate, the city is
split between eight districts.[144] In the
United States

United States House of
Representatives, it is split between ten congressional districts.[145]
Crime
See also:
Crime in Los Angeles and List of criminal gangs in Los
Angeles
The LAPD on
May Day

May Day 2006 in front of the new Caltrans District 7
Headquarters
Los Angeles

Los Angeles experienced a significant decline in crime in the 1990s
and late 2000s and reached a 50-year low in 2009 with 314
homicides.[146][147] This is a rate of 7.85 per 100,000 population—a
major decrease from 1980 when a homicide rate of 34.2 per 100,000 was
reported.[148][149] This included 15 officer-involved shootings. One
shooting led to the death of a SWAT team member, Randal Simmons, the
first in LAPD's history.[150]
Los Angeles

Los Angeles in the year of 2013 totaled
251 murders, a decrease of 16 percent from the previous year. Police
speculate that the drop resulted from a number of factors, including
young people spending more time online.[151] Crime increased
significantly in 2015 from the low in 2013 with the rate of aggravated
assault up 76%, rape up 182.7% and murder up 9.2%.[152]
The Dragna crime family and the
Cohen crime family

Cohen crime family dominated organized
crime in the city during the Prohibition era[153] and reached its peak
during the 1940s and 1950s with the battle of Sunset Strip as part of
the American Mafia, but has gradually declined since then with the
rise of various black and
Hispanic

Hispanic gangs in the late 1960s and early
1970s.[153]
According to the
Los Angeles

Los Angeles Police Department, the city is home to
45,000 gang members, organized into 450 gangs.[154] Among them are the
Crips

Crips and Bloods, which are both
African American

African American street gangs that
originated in the
South Los Angeles

South Los Angeles region. Latino street gangs such
as the Sureños, a
Mexican American

Mexican American street gang, and Mara Salvatrucha,
which has mainly members of Salvadoran descent, all originated in Los
Angeles. This has led to the city being referred to as the "Gang
Capital of America".[155]
Education
Colleges and universities
Second branch of the
California

California State Normal School in downtown Los
Angeles opened its doors in 1882.
There are three public universities located within the city limits:
California

California State University,
Los Angeles

Los Angeles (CSULA),
California

California State
University, Northridge (CSUN) and University of California, Los
Angeles (UCLA).
Private colleges in the city include the American Film Institute
Conservatory, Alliant International University, Syracuse University
(
Los Angeles

Los Angeles Campus),
American Academy of Dramatic Arts

American Academy of Dramatic Arts (Los Angeles
Campus), American Jewish University, Abraham Lincoln University, The
American Musical and Dramatic Academy –
Los Angeles

Los Angeles campus,
Antioch University's
Los Angeles

Los Angeles campus, Charles R. Drew University of
Medicine and Science, Emperor's College, Fashion Institute of Design
& Merchandising's
Los Angeles

Los Angeles campus (FIDM),
Los Angeles

Los Angeles Film
School,
Loyola Marymount University

Loyola Marymount University (LMU is also the parent university
of
Loyola Law School located in Los Angeles), Marymount College, Mount
St. Mary's College, National University of California, Occidental
College ("Oxy"),
Otis College of Art and Design

Otis College of Art and Design (Otis), Southern
California

California Institute of Architecture (SCI-Arc), Southwestern Law
School, University of Southern
California

California (USC), and Woodbury
University.
The community college system consists of nine campuses governed by the
trustees of the
Los Angeles

Los Angeles Community College District: East Los
Angeles College (ELAC),
Los Angeles City College (LACC), Los Angeles
Harbor College,
Los Angeles

Los Angeles Mission College,
Los Angeles

Los Angeles Pierce
College,
Los Angeles Valley College

Los Angeles Valley College (LAVC),
Los Angeles

Los Angeles Southwest
College,
Los Angeles Trade-Technical College and West Los Angeles
College.
There are numerous additional colleges and universities outside the
city limits in the
Greater Los Angeles

Greater Los Angeles area.
Schools and libraries
The
Los Angeles

Los Angeles Central Library is in Downtown Los Angeles.
See also:
Los Angeles County, California

Los Angeles County, California § Colleges and
universities; and List of high schools in
Los Angeles

Los Angeles County,
California
Los Angeles Unified School District

Los Angeles Unified School District serves almost all of the city of
Los Angeles, as well as several surrounding communities, with a
student population around 800,000.[156] After Proposition 13 was
approved in 1978, urban school districts had considerable trouble with
funding. LAUSD has become known for its underfunded, overcrowded and
poorly maintained campuses, although its 162 Magnet schools help
compete with local private schools.
Several small sections of
Los Angeles

Los Angeles are in the Las Virgenes Unified
School District. The
Los Angeles

Los Angeles County Office of Education operates
the
Los Angeles

Los Angeles County High School for the Arts. The Los Angeles
Public Library system operates 72 public libraries in the city.[157]
Enclaves of unincorporated areas are served by branches of the County
of
Los Angeles

Los Angeles Public Library, many of which are within walking
distance to residents.
Media
Main article: Media in Los Angeles
See also:
List of television shows set in Los Angeles and List of
films set in Los Angeles
The
Los Angeles

Los Angeles metro area is the second-largest broadcast designated
market area in the U.S. (after New York) with 5,431,140 homes (4.956%
of the U.S.), which is served by a wide variety of local AM and FM
radio and television stations.
Los Angeles

Los Angeles and
New York City

New York City are the
only two media markets to have seven
VHF

VHF allocations assigned to
them.[158]
As part of the region's aforementioned creative industry, the Big Four
major broadcast television networks, ABC, CBS, Fox, and NBC, all have
production facilities and offices throughout various areas of Los
Angeles. All four major broadcast television networks, plus major
Spanish-language networks
Telemundo

Telemundo and Univision, also own and
operate stations that both serve the
Los Angeles

Los Angeles market and serve as
each network's West Coast flagship station: ABC's
KABC-TV

KABC-TV (Channel 7),
CBS's
KCBS-TV

KCBS-TV (Channel 2), Fox's KTTV-TV (Channel 11), NBC's KNBC-TV
(Channel 4), Telemundo's KVEA-TV (Channel 52), and Univision's KMEX-TV
(Channel 34). The region also has three PBS stations, as well as KCET,
the nation's largest independent public television station. KTBN
(Channel 40) is the flagship station of the religious Trinity
Broadcasting Network, based out of Santa Ana. A variety of independent
television stations, such as
KCAL-TV

KCAL-TV (Channel 9) and KTLA-TV (Channel
5), also operate in the area.
The major daily English-language newspaper in the area is the Los
Angeles Times.
La Opinión

La Opinión is the city's major daily Spanish-language
paper. The Korea Times is the city's major daily
Korean language

Korean language paper
while
The World Journal

The World Journal is the city and county's major Chinese
newspaper. The
Los Angeles Sentinel

Los Angeles Sentinel is the city's major
African-American

African-American weekly paper, boasting the largest African-American
readership in the Western United States.
Investor's Business Daily

Investor's Business Daily is
distributed from its L.A. corporate offices, which are headquartered
in Playa del Rey.
Los Angeles Times

Los Angeles Times headquarters
There are also a number of smaller regional newspapers, alternative
weeklies and magazines, including the
Los Angeles

Los Angeles Register, Los
Angeles Community News, (which focuses on coverage of the greater Los
Angeles area),
Los Angeles Daily News (which focuses coverage on the
San Fernando Valley), LA Weekly,
L.A. Record (which focuses coverage
on the music scene in the
Greater Los Angeles

Greater Los Angeles Area), Los Angeles
Magazine, the
Los Angeles

Los Angeles Business Journal, the
Los Angeles

Los Angeles Daily
Journal (legal industry paper), The
Hollywood

Hollywood Reporter, Variety (both
entertainment industry papers), and
Los Angeles

Los Angeles Downtown News. In
addition to the major papers, numerous local periodicals serve
immigrant communities in their native languages, including Armenian,
English, Korean, Persian, Russian, Chinese, Japanese, Hebrew, and
Arabic. Many cities adjacent to
Los Angeles

Los Angeles also have their own daily
newspapers whose coverage and availability overlaps into certain Los
Angeles neighborhoods. Examples include The
Daily Breeze (serving the
South Bay), and The Long Beach Press-Telegram.
Los Angeles

Los Angeles arts, culture and nightlife news is also covered by a
number of local and national online guides like Time Out Los Angeles,
Thrillist, Kristin's List, DailyCandy, LAist, and Flavorpill.[159]
Transportation
Main article: Transportation in Los Angeles
Freeways
Main article: Southern
California

California freeways
The Judge Harry Pregerson Interchange, connecting the Century Freeway
(I-105) and the Harbor Freeway (I-110).
The city and the rest of the
Los Angeles metropolitan area

Los Angeles metropolitan area are served
by an extensive network of freeways and highways. The Texas
Transportation Institute, which publishes an annual Urban Mobility
Report, ranked
Los Angeles

Los Angeles road traffic as the most congested in the
United States

United States in 2005 as measured by annual delay per traveler.[160]
The average traveler in
Los Angeles

Los Angeles experienced 72 hours of traffic
delay per year according to the study.
Los Angeles

Los Angeles was followed by San
Francisco/Oakland,
Washington, D.C.

Washington, D.C. and Atlanta, (each with 60 hours
of delay).[161] Despite the congestion in the city, the mean travel
time for commuters in
Los Angeles

Los Angeles is shorter than other major cities,
including New York City,
Philadelphia

Philadelphia and Chicago. Los Angeles's mean
travel time for work commutes in 2006 was 29.2 minutes, similar to
those of
San Francisco

San Francisco and Washington, D.C.[162]
Among the major highways that connect LA to the rest of the nation
include Interstate 5, which runs south through
San Diego

San Diego to
Tijuana

Tijuana in
Mexico

Mexico and north through Sacramento, Portland, and
Seattle

Seattle to the
Canada–US border; Interstate 10, the southernmost east–west,
coast-to-coast
Interstate Highway

Interstate Highway in the United States, going to
Jacksonville, Florida; and U.S. Route 101, which heads to the
California

California Central Coast, San Francisco, the Redwood Empire, and the
Oregon

Oregon and Washington coasts.
Transit systems
Main article:
Los Angeles

Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority
Current
Los Angeles

Los Angeles Metro Rail and Metro Transitway map, showing
existing lines
The LA County Metropolitan Transportation Authority and other agencies
operate an extensive system of bus lines, as well as subway and light
rail lines across
Los Angeles

Los Angeles County, with a combined monthly
ridership (measured in individual boardings) of 38.8 million as
of September 2011. The majority of this (30.5 million) is taken
up by the city's bus system,[163] the second busiest in the country.
The subway and light rail combined average the remaining roughly
8.2 million boardings per month.[163] In 2005, 10.2% of Los
Angeles commuters rode some form of public transportation.[164]
The city's subway system is the ninth busiest in the
United States

United States and
its light rail system is the country's second busiest.[165] The rail
system includes the Red and Purple subway lines, as well as the Gold,
Blue, Expo, and Green light rail lines. In 2016, the Expo Line was
extended to the Pacific at Santa Monica. The Metro Orange and Silver
lines are bus rapid transit lines with stops and frequency similar to
those of light rail. The city is also central to the commuter rail
system Metrolink, which links
Los Angeles

Los Angeles to all neighboring counties
as well as many suburbs.
Union Station in Los Angeles, California
Besides the rail service provided by Metrolink and the Los Angeles
County Metropolitan Transportation Authority,
Los Angeles

Los Angeles is served by
inter-city passenger trains from Amtrak. The main rail station in the
city is Union Station just north of Downtown.
In addition, the city directly contracts for local and commuter bus
service through the
Los Angeles

Los Angeles Department of Transportation, or
LADOT.
Airports
Main article: List of airports in the
Los Angeles

Los Angeles area
The
Theme Building

Theme Building at
Los Angeles

Los Angeles Airport
The main international and domestic airport serving
Los Angeles

Los Angeles is Los
Angeles International Airport (IATA: LAX, ICAO: KLAX), commonly
referred to by its airport code, LAX. The sixth busiest commercial
airport in the world and the third busiest in the United States, LAX
handled over 66 million passengers and close to 2 million tons of
cargo in 2013.
Other major nearby commercial airports include:
(IATA: ONT, ICAO: KONT) LA/Ontario International Airport, owned by the
city of Los Angeles; serves the Inland Empire.
(IATA: BUR, ICAO: KBUR)
Hollywood

Hollywood Burbank Airport, formerly known as
Bob Hope Airport and Burbank Airport; the closest airport to Downtown
Los Angeles; serves the San Fernando and San Gabriel Valleys.
(IATA: LGB, ICAO: KLGB) Long Beach Airport, serves the Long
Beach/Harbor area.
(IATA: SNA, ICAO: KSNA)
John Wayne Airport

John Wayne Airport of Orange County.
One of the world's busiest general-aviation airports is also located
in Los Angeles,
Van Nuys Airport

Van Nuys Airport (IATA: VNY, ICAO: KVNY).[166]
Seaports
The
Vincent Thomas Bridge

Vincent Thomas Bridge is at Terminal Island.
The
Port of Los Angeles

Port of Los Angeles is located in San Pedro Bay in the San Pedro
neighborhood, approximately 20 miles (32 km) south of Downtown.
Also called
Los Angeles

Los Angeles Harbor and WORLDPORT LA, the port complex
occupies 7,500 acres (30 km2) of land and water along 43 miles
(69 km) of waterfront. It adjoins the separate Port of Long
Beach.
The sea ports of the
Port of Los Angeles

Port of Los Angeles and Port of Long Beach
together make up the Los Angeles/Long Beach Harbor.[167][168]
Together, both ports are the fifth busiest container port in the
world, with a trade volume of over 14.2 million TEU's in
2008.[169] Singly, the
Port of Los Angeles

Port of Los Angeles is the busiest container
ports in the
United States

United States and the largest cruise ship center on the
West Coast of the United States – The Port of Los Angeles's
World Cruise Center served about 590,000 passengers in 2014.[170]
There are also smaller, non-industrial harbors along Los Angeles's
coastline. The port includes four bridges: the Vincent Thomas Bridge,
Henry Ford Bridge, Gerald Desmond Bridge, and Commodore Schuyler F.
Heim Bridge. Passenger ferry service from San Pedro to the city of
Avalon on Santa Catalina Island is provided by Catalina Express.
Notable people
Main article: List of people from Los Angeles
As home to
Hollywood

Hollywood and its entertainment industry, numerous singers,
actors and other entertainers live in various districts of Los
Angeles.
Twin towns and sister cities
This article contains a list of miscellaneous information. Please
relocate any relevant information into other sections or articles.
(July 2017)
A sign near City Hall points to the sister cities of Los Angeles.
Los Angeles

Los Angeles has 25 sister cities,[171] listed chronologically by year
joined:
Eilat,
Israel

Israel (1959)
Nagoya,
Japan

Japan (1959)
Salvador, Bahia,
Brazil

Brazil (1962)
Bordeaux,
France

France (1964)[172][173]
Berlin,
Germany

Germany (1967)[174]
Lusaka, Zambia (1968)
Mexico

Mexico City,
Mexico

Mexico (1969)
Auckland, New Zealand (1971)
Busan,
South Korea

South Korea (1971)
Mumbai,
India

India (1972)
Tehran,
Iran

Iran (1972)
Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of
China
.jpg/500px-Wensu,_Aksu,_Xinjiang,_China_-_panoramio_(1).jpg)
China (1979)
Guangzhou, People's Republic of
China
.jpg/500px-Wensu,_Aksu,_Xinjiang,_China_-_panoramio_(1).jpg)
China (1981)[175]
Athens,
Greece

Greece (1984)
Saint Petersburg,
Russia

Russia (1984)
Vancouver, British Columbia,
Canada

Canada (1986)[176]
Giza,
Egypt

Egypt (1989)
Jakarta,
Indonesia

Indonesia (1990)
Kaunas, Lithuania (1991)
Makati,
Philippines

Philippines (1992)
Split, Croatia

Split, Croatia (1993)[177]
San Salvador, El Salvador (2005)
Beirut, Lebanon (2006)
Ischia, Campania,
Italy

Italy (2006)
Yerevan, Armenia (2007)[178]
In addition,
Los Angeles

Los Angeles has the following "friendship cities":[179]
London, United Kingdom
Łódź, Poland
Manchester, United Kingdom
Tel Aviv, Israel[180]
See also
Eastside Los Angeles
Largest cities in Southern California
Largest cities in the Americas
List of cities and towns in California
List of hotels in Los Angeles
List of largest
California

California cities by population
List of largest houses in the
Los Angeles

Los Angeles Metropolitan Area
List of museums in Los Angeles
List of museums in Los Angeles

List of museums in Los Angeles County, California
List of music venues in Los Angeles
List of people from Los Angeles
List of tallest buildings in Los Angeles
Los Angeles

Los Angeles in popular culture
National Register of Historic Places listings in Los Angeles,
California
California

California portal
Greater Los Angeles

Greater Los Angeles portal
New Spain

New Spain portal
United States

United States portal
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Further reading
See also: Bibliography of Los Angeles
General
Carey McWilliams (2009). Southern California: An Island on the Land
(9th ed.). Peregrine Smith. ISBN 978-0-87905-007-8.
Richard White (1991). It's Your Misfortune and None of My Own: A New
History of the American West. University of Oklahoma Press.
ISBN 978-0-8061-2567-1.
David Rieff (1992). Los Angeles: Capital of the Third World.
Touchstone. ISBN 978-0-671-79210-7.
Peter Theroux (1994). Translating LA: A Tour of the Rainbow City.
Norton. ISBN 978-0-393-31394-9.
Paul Glover (1995). Los Angeles: A History of the Future.
Greenplanners. ISBN 978-0-9622911-0-4.
Leonard Pitt & Dale Pitt (2000).
Los Angeles

Los Angeles A to Z: An
Encyclopedia of the City and County. Berkeley: University of
California

California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-20530-7.
Kevin Starr
.jpg)
Kevin Starr and David Ulin (2009). Jim Heimann, ed. Los Angeles:
Portrait of a City.
Taschen

Taschen America.
ISBN 978-3-8365-0291-7.
Architecture and urban theory
Reyner Banham

Reyner Banham (2009). Los Angeles: The Architecture of Four Ecologies
(2nd ed.). Berkeley: University of
California

California Press.
ISBN 978-0-520-26015-3.
Mike Davis (2006). City of Quartz: Excavating the Future in Los
Angeles. Verso. ISBN 978-1-84467-568-5.
Robert M. Fogelson (1993). The Fragmented Metropolis: Los Angeles
1850–1930. Berkeley: University of
California

California Press.
ISBN 978-0-520-08230-4.
Norman M. Klein (1997). The History of Forgetting:
Los Angeles

Los Angeles and the
Erasure of Memory. Verso. ISBN 978-1-84467-242-4.
Sam Hall Kaplan (2000). L.A. Lost & Found: An Architectural
History of Los Angeles. Hennessey and Ingalls.
ISBN 978-0-940512-23-8.
Wim de Wit and Christopher James Alexander (2013). Overdrive: L.A.
Constructs the Future, 1940–1990. Getty Publications.
ISBN 978-1-60606-128-2.
Race relations
Acuña, Rodolfo (1996). Anything but Mexican: Chicanos in contemporary
Los Angeles. Verso. ISBN 978-1-85984-031-3. Retrieved September
30, 2011.
George, Lynell (1992). No Crystal Stair:
African Americans

African Americans in the City
of Angels. Verso. ISBN 978-0-86091-389-4.
Sides, Josh (2006). L.A. City Limits:
African American

African American Los Angeles
from the Great Depression to the Present. Berkeley: University of
California

California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-24830-4.
Eduardo Obregón Pagán (2006). Murder at the Sleepy Lagoon: Zoot
Suits, Race, and Riot in Wartime L.A. The University of North Carolina
Press. ISBN 978-0-8078-5494-5.
R. J. Smith (2007). The Great Black Way: L.A. in the 1940s and the
Last
African American

African American Renaissance. PublicAffairs.
ISBN 978-1-58648-521-4.
LGBT
Lillian Faderman and Stuart Timmons (2006). Gay L. A.: A History of
Sexual Outlaws, Power Politics, And Lipstick Lesbians. Basic Books.
ISBN 0-465-02288-X.
Hurewitz, Daniel (2007). Bohemian Los Angeles: and the Making of
Modern Politics. Berkeley: University of
California

California Press.
ISBN 0-520-24925-9.
Environment
Marc Reisner (1986). Cadillac Desert: The American West and its
Disappearing Water. Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-14-017824-1.
Chip Jacobs and William Kelly (2008). Smogtown: The Lung-Burning
History of Pollution in Los Angeles. Outlook Hardcover.
ISBN 1-58567-860-0.
Art and literature
David L. Ulin, ed. (2002). Writing Los Angeles: A Literary Anthology.
Library of America. ISBN 978-1-931082-27-3.
Whiting, Cécile (2008). Pop L.A.: Art and the City in the 1960s.
Berkeley: University of
California

California Press.
ISBN 978-0-520-25634-7.
External links
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Articles related to Los Angeles
Geographic locale
Lat. and Long. 34°3′N 118°15′W / 34.050°N 118.250°W /
34.050; -118.250
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Municipalities and communities of
Los Angeles

Los Angeles County, California,
United States
County seat: Los Angeles
Cities
Agoura Hills
Alhambra
Arcadia
Artesia
Avalon
Azusa
Baldwin Park
Bell
Bell Gardens
Bellflower
Beverly Hills
Bradbury
Burbank
Calabasas
Carson
Cerritos
Claremont
Commerce
Compton
Covina
Cudahy
Culver City
Diamond Bar
Downey
Duarte
El Monte
El Segundo
Gardena
Glendale
Glendora
Hawaiian Gardens
Hawthorne
Hermosa Beach
Hidden Hills
Huntington Park
Industry
Inglewood
Irwindale
La Cañada Flintridge
La Habra Heights
La Mirada
La Puente
La Verne
Lakewood
Lancaster
Lawndale
Lomita
Long Beach
Los Angeles
Lynwood
Malibu
Manhattan Beach
Maywood
Monrovia
Montebello
Monterey Park
Norwalk
Palmdale
Palos Verdes Estates
Paramount
Pasadena
Pico Rivera
Pomona
Rancho Palos Verdes
Redondo Beach
Rolling Hills
Rolling Hills Estates
Rosemead
San Dimas
San Fernando
San Gabriel
San Marino
Santa Clarita
Santa Fe Springs
Santa Monica
Sierra Madre
Signal Hill
South El Monte
South Gate
South Pasadena
Temple City
Torrance
Vernon
Walnut
West Covina
West Hollywood
Westlake Village
Whittier
CDPs
Acton
Agua Dulce
Alondra Park
Altadena
Avocado Heights
Castaic
Charter Oak
Citrus
Del Aire
Desert View Highlands
East Los Angeles
East Pasadena
East Rancho Dominguez
East San Gabriel
East Whittier
Elizabeth Lake
Florence-Graham
Green Valley
Hacienda Heights
Hasley Canyon
La Crescenta-Montrose
Ladera Heights
Lake Hughes
Lake Los Angeles
Lennox
Leona Valley
Littlerock
Marina del Rey
Mayflower Village
North El Monte
Quartz Hill
Rose Hills
Rowland Heights
San Pasqual
South Monrovia Island
South San Gabriel
South San Jose Hills
South Whittier
Stevenson Ranch
Sun Village
Topanga
Val Verde
Valinda
View Park-Windsor Hills
Vincent
Walnut Park
West Athens
West Carson
West Puente Valley
West Rancho Dominguez
West Whittier-Los Nietos
Westmont
Willowbrook
Unincorporated
communities
Agoura
Alla
Alpine
Alsace
Altacanyada
Andrade Corner
Antelope Acres
Antelope Center
Athens
Aurant
Bassett
Big Pines
Boiling Point
Castaic Junction
City Terrace
Cornell
Del Sur
Del Valle
Firestone Park
Florence
Gorman
Hillgrove
Hi Vista
Indian Springs
Juniper Hills
Kagel Canyon
Kinneloa Mesa
Largo Vista
Llano
Malibu Vista
Monte Nido
Neenach
Ninetynine Oaks
Pearblossom
Rancho Dominguez
Red Box
Sand Canyon
Sandberg
Seminole Hot Springs
Three Points
Two Harbors
Universal City
Valyermo
Ghost towns
Achois
Acuragna
Ahapchingas
Alpine
Alyeupkigna
Awigna
Azucsagna
Bairdstown
Bartolo
Cahuenga
Chandler
Chokishgna
Chowigna
Clayton
Cow Springs
Cucamonga
Desert Relief
Eldoradoville
Evergreen
Falling Springs
Fort Tejon
Gaspur
Guirardo
Hahamongna
Harasgna
Holland Summit
Hollands
Holton
Honmoyausha
Houtgna
Hyperion
Isanthcogna
Juyubit
King's Station
Kowanga
Las Tunas
Lyons Station
Machado
Malibu Mar Vista
Maugna
Mentryville
Motordrome
Mud Spring
Nacaugna
Oberg
Okowvinjha
Palisades Del Rey
Pasinogna
Petroleopolis
Pimocagna
Pubugna
Quapa
Savannah
Saway-yanga
Sibagna
Sisitcanogna
Soledad Sulphur Springs
Sonagna
Suangna
Takuyumam
Toviseanga
Toybipet
Tuyunga
Virgenes
Wahoo
Walton Place
Widow Smith's Station
Wilsona
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Los Angeles

Los Angeles metropolitan area
Population - 12,874,797
Counties
Los Angeles
Orange
Major city
3.8 million
Los Angeles
Cities over 250K
Long Beach
Santa Ana
Anaheim
Cities and towns
100k-250k
Burbank
Costa Mesa
Downey
East Los Angeles
El Monte
Fullerton
Garden Grove
Glendale
Huntington Beach
Inglewood
Irvine
Norwalk
Orange
Pasadena
Pomona
Santa Clarita
Simi Valley
South Gate
Thousand Oaks
Torrance
West Covina
Bodies of water
Arroyo Seco
Ballona Creek
Coyote Creek
Los Angeles

Los Angeles River
Rio Hondo
San Gabriel River
San Pedro Bay
Santa Ana River
Santa Clara River
Santa Monica

Santa Monica Bay
Regions
Central Los Angeles
Downtown Los Angeles
East Los Angeles
Gateway Cities
Greater Hollywood
Harbor Area
Northeast Los Angeles
Northwest Los Angeles
Orange County
Palos Verdes Peninsula
Pomona Valley
San Fernando Valley
San Gabriel Valley
Santa Ana Valley
Santa Clarita Valley
South Bay
South Los Angeles
Westside
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Greater Los Angeles

Greater Los Angeles Area
Central city
Los Angeles
Counties
Los Angeles
Orange
Riverside
San Bernardino
Ventura
Satellite cities
Long Beach
Riverside
San Bernardino
Cities
>200k
Anaheim
Fontana
Glendale
Huntington Beach
Irvine
Long Beach
Moreno Valley
Oxnard
Riverside
San Bernardino
Santa Ana
Cities and towns
100k−200k
Burbank
Corona
Costa Mesa
Downey
East Los Angeles
El Monte
Fullerton
Garden Grove
Inglewood
Lancaster
Murrieta
Norwalk
Ontario
Orange
Palmdale
Pasadena
Pomona
Rancho Cucamonga
Rialto
Santa Clarita
Simi Valley
Temecula
Thousand Oaks
Torrance
Ventura
Victorville
West Covina
Area regions
Los Angeles

Los Angeles metropolitan area
Antelope Valley
Central Los Angeles
Coachella Valley
Colorado Desert
Conejo Valley
Downtown Los Angeles
East Los Angeles
Gateway Cities
Greater Hollywood
Harbor Area
Inland Empire
Mojave Desert
Northwest Los Angeles
Palos Verdes Peninsula
Pomona Valley
San Bernardino Valley
San Fernando Valley
San Gabriel Valley
Santa Ana Valley
Santa Clarita Valley
Simi Valley
South Bay
South Los Angeles
Victor Valley
Westside Los Angeles
Landforms
Los Angeles

Los Angeles Basin
Baldwin Hills (range)
Catalina Island
Channel Islands
Chino Hills
Hollywood

Hollywood Hills
Oxnard Plain
Palos Verdes Hills
Puente Hills
San Fernando Valley
San Gabriel Mountains
San Gabriel Valley
San Jacinto Mountains
Santa Ana Mountains
Santa Monica

Santa Monica Mountains
Santa Susana Mountains
Sierra Pelona Mountains
Simi Hills
Verdugo Mountains
Bodies of water
Los Angeles

Los Angeles River
Aliso Creek
Arroyo Calabasas
Arroyo Seco
Ballona Creek
Bell Creek
Big Bear Lake
Coyote Creek
Lake Arrowhead
Lake Gregory
Lake Perris
Lake Piru
Los Angeles

Los Angeles Aqueduct
Malibu Creek
Mojave River
Pacific Ocean
Pyramid Lake
Rio Hondo
San Gabriel River
San Juan Creek
San Pedro Bay
Santa Ana River
Santa Clara River
Santa Margarita River
Santa Monica

Santa Monica Bay
Tujunga Wash
v
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California

California county seats
Consolidated city-county
San Francisco
Municipalities
Alturas
Auburn
Bakersfield
Colusa
Crescent City
El Centro
Eureka
Fairfield
Fresno
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Los Angeles
Madera
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Napa
Nevada City
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San Rafael
Santa Ana
Santa Barbara
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Sonora
Stockton
Susanville
Ukiah
Ventura
Visalia
Willows
Woodland
Yreka
Yuba City
CDPs
Bridgeport
Downieville
Independence
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Markleeville
Quincy
San Andreas
Weaverville
v
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State of California
Sacramento (capital)
Topics
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Index of articles
Regions
Antelope Valley
Big Sur
California

California Coast Ranges
Cascade Range
Central California
Central Coast
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Channel Islands
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Coastal California
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Cucamonga Valley
Death Valley
East Bay (SF Bay Area)
East County (SD)
Eastern California
Emerald Triangle
Gold Country
Great Basin
Greater San Bernardino
Inland Empire
Klamath Basin
Lake Tahoe
Greater Los Angeles
Los Angeles

Los Angeles Basin
Lost Coast
Mojave Desert
Mountain Empire
North Bay (SF)
North Coast
North Coast (SD)
Northern California
Owens Valley
Oxnard Plain
Peninsular Ranges
Pomona Valley
Sacramento Valley
Salinas Valley
San Fernando Valley
San Francisco

San Francisco Bay Area
San Francisco

San Francisco Peninsula
San Gabriel Valley
San Joaquin Valley
Santa Clara Valley
Santa Clara River Valley
Santa Clarita Valley
Santa Ynez Valley
Shasta Cascade
Sierra Nevada
Silicon Valley
South Bay (LA)
South Bay (SD)
South Bay (SF)
South Coast
Southern Border Region
Southern California
Transverse Ranges
Tri-Valley
Victor Valley
Wine Country
Metro regions
Metropolitan Fresno
Los Angeles

Los Angeles metropolitan area
Greater Sacramento
San Bernardino-Riverside metropolitan area
San Francisco

San Francisco metropolitan area
San Diego–Tijuana
Counties
Alameda
Alpine
Amador
Butte
Calaveras
Colusa
Contra Costa
Del Norte
El Dorado
Fresno
Glenn
Humboldt
Imperial
Inyo
Kern
Kings
Lake
Lassen
Los Angeles
Madera
Marin
Mariposa
Mendocino
Merced
Modoc
Mono
Monterey
Napa
Nevada
Orange
Placer
Plumas
Riverside
Sacramento
San Benito
San Bernardino
San Diego
San Francisco
San Joaquin
San Luis Obispo
San Mateo
Santa Barbara
Santa Clara
Santa Cruz
Shasta
Sierra
Siskiyou
Solano
Sonoma
Stanislaus
Sutter
Tehama
Trinity
Tulare
Tuolumne
Ventura
Yolo
Yuba
Most populous
cities
Los Angeles
San Diego
San Jose
San Francisco
Fresno
Sacramento
Long Beach
Oakland
Bakersfield
Anaheim
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Summer Olympic Games

Summer Olympic Games host cities
1896: Athens
1900: Paris
1904: St. Louis
1908: London
1912: Stockholm
1916: None[c1]
1920: Antwerp
1924: Paris
1928: Amsterdam
1932: Los Angeles
1936: Berlin
1940: None[c2]
1944: None[c2]
1948: London
1952: Helsinki
1956: Melbourne
1960: Rome
1964: Tokyo
1968:
Mexico

Mexico City
1972: Munich
1976: Montreal
1980: Moscow
1984: Los Angeles
1988: Seoul
1992: Barcelona
1996: Atlanta
2000: Sydney
2004: Athens
2008: Beijing
2012: London
2016: Rio de Janeiro
2020: Tokyo
2024: Paris
2028: Los Angeles
[c1] Cancelled due to World War I; [c2] Cancelled due to World War II
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Summer
Paralympic Games
.svg/400px-IPC_logo_(2004).svg.png)
Paralympic Games host cities
1960: Rome
1964: Tokyo
1968: Tel Aviv
1972: Heidelberg
1976: Toronto
1980: Arnhem
1984:
New York City

New York City / Stoke Mandeville
1988: Seoul
1992:
Barcelona

Barcelona / Madrid
1996: Atlanta
2000: Sydney
2004: Athens
2008: Beijing
2012: London
2016: Rio de Janeiro
2020: Tokyo
2024: Paris
2028: Los Angeles
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World's fifty most-populous urban areas
Tokyo–
Yokohama

Yokohama (Keihin)
Jakarta

Jakarta (Jabodetabek)
Delhi
Manila

Manila (Metro Manila)
Seoul–
Incheon

Incheon (Sudogwon)
Shanghai
Karachi
Beijing
New York City
Guangzhou–
Foshan

Foshan (Guangfo)
São Paulo
Mexico

Mexico City (Valley of Mexico)
Mumbai
Osaka–Kobe–
Kyoto

Kyoto (Keihanshin)
Moscow
Dhaka
Greater Cairo
Los Angeles
Bangkok
Kolkata
Greater Buenos Aires
Tehran
Istanbul
Lagos
Shenzhen
Rio de Janeiro
Kinshasa
Tianjin
Paris
Lima
Chengdu
Greater London
Nagoya

Nagoya (Chūkyō)
Lahore
Chennai
Bangalore
Chicago
Bogotá
Ho Chi Minh City
Hyderabad
Dongguan
Johannesburg
Wuhan
Taipei-Taoyuan
Hangzhou
Hong Kong
Chongqing
Ahmedabad
Kuala Lumpur

Kuala Lumpur (Klang Valley)
Quanzhou
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Mayors of cities with populations exceeding 100,000 in California
Eric Garcetti
(Los Angeles)
Kevin Faulconer
(San Diego)
Sam Liccardo
(San Jose)
Mark Farrell
(San Francisco)
Lee Brand
(Fresno)
Darrell Steinberg
(Sacramento)
Robert Garcia
(Long Beach)
Libby Schaaf
(Oakland)
Karen Goh
(Bakersfield)
Tom Tait
(Anaheim)
Miguel A. Pulido
(Santa Ana)
Rusty Bailey
(Riverside)
Anthony Silva
(Stockton)
Mary Salas
(Chula Vista)
Don Wagner
(Irvine)
Lily Mei
(Fremont)
R. Carey Davis
(San Bernardino)
Garrad Marsh
(Modesto)
Acquanetta Warren
(Fontana)
Tim Flynn
(Oxnard)
Jesse Molina
(Moreno Valley)*
Mike Posey
(Huntington Beach)*
Paula Devine
(Glendale)*
Marsha McLean
(Santa Clarita)*
Jim Wood
(Oceanside)
Steven R. Jones
(Garden Grove)
L. Dennis Michael
(Rancho Cucamonga)
John Sawyer
(Santa Rosa)*
Paul S. Leon
(Ontario)
Gary Davis
(Elk Grove)
Eugene Montanez
(Corona)*
R. Rex Parris
(Lancaster)
James C. Ledford Jr.
(Palmdale)
Barbara Halliday
(Hayward)
Joe Gunter
(Salinas)
Elliot Rothman
(Pomona)
Jim Griffith
(Sunnyvale)
Sam Abed
(Escondido)
Patrick J. Furey
(Torrance)
Terry Tornek
(Pasadena)
Teresa Smith
(Orange)
Greg Sebourn
(Fullerton)*
Carol Garcia
(Roseville)
Steve Nelsen
(Visalia)
Al Adam
(Thousand Oaks)*
Edi E. Birsan
(Concord)*
Bob Huber
(Simi Valley)
Jamie L. Matthews
(Santa Clara)
Gloria Garcia
(Victorville)
Bob Sampayan
(Vallejo)
Jesse Arreguín
(Berkeley)
Andre Quintero
(El Monte)
Luis H. Marquez
(Downey)*
Matt Hall
(Carlsbad)
Stephen Mensinger
(Costa Mesa)*
Harry T. Price
(Fairfield)
Jeff Comerchero
(Temecula)
James T. Butts Jr.
(Inglewood)
Wade Harper
(Antioch)
Harry Ramos
(Murrieta)
Cheryl Heitmann
(Ventura)*
Tom Butt
(Richmond)
Fredrick Sykes
(West Covina)*
Luigi Vernola
(Norwalk)*
Raymond A. Buenaventura
(Daly City)
Bob Frutos
(Burbank)*
Alice Patino
(Santa Maria)
Nathan Magsig
(Clovis)*
Bill Wells
(El Cajon)
Maureen Freschet
(San Mateo)*
Judy Ritter
(Vista)
Brad Hancock
(Jurupa Valley)
^* Mayor selected from city council
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 124053622
LCCN: n79021240
GND: 4036361-2
BNF: cb11948658k (d