Lorenz Magaard (May 21, 1934 – July 1, 2020) was a German-American mathematician and
oceanographer. He made essential contributions to the theory of ocean waves and earned particular credit for organizing education and research.
Life
Born in
Germany
Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...
, Magaard attended school in
Flensburg
Flensburg (; Danish, Low Saxon: ''Flensborg''; North Frisian: ''Flansborj''; South Jutlandic: ''Flensborre'') is an independent town (''kreisfreie Stadt'') in the north of the German state of Schleswig-Holstein. Flensburg is the centre of the ...
from 1944 to 1955 and then studied mathematics and physics at
Kiel University. He received the degrees of
Diplom
A ''Diplom'' (, from grc, δίπλωμα ''diploma'') is an academic degree in the German-speaking countries Germany, Austria, and Switzerland and a similarly named degree in some other European countries including Albania, Bulgaria, Belarus ...
in 1961 and
Dr. rer. nat. ''Doctor rerum naturalium'' ( for, , Latin, doctor of natural sciences, lit. 'doctor of the things of nature'), abbreviated Dr. rer. nat., is a doctoral academic degree awarded by universities in some European countries (e.g. Germany, Austria and C ...
in 1963 at this university. He joined the
Institute of Marine Research
The Norwegian Institute of Marine Research ( no, Havforskningsinstituttet) is a national consultative research institute which is owned by the Ministry of Fisheries and Coastal Affairs. The institute performs research and provides advisory services ...
at Kiel University as research scientist in 1961, as lecturer (German: ''
dozent
The title of docent is conferred by some European universities to denote a specific academic appointment within a set structure of academic ranks at or below the full professor rank, similar to a British readership, a French " ''maître de conf ...
'') from 1969 and as Professor of Oceanography from 1972. He moved to the
University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Honolulu, USA, in 1975 and has been a Professor of Oceanography there to this date, since 2009 as
Emeritus
''Emeritus'' (; female: ''emerita'') is an adjective used to designate a retired chair, professor, pastor, bishop, pope, director, president, prime minister, rabbi, emperor, or other person who has been "permitted to retain as an honorary title ...
Professor.
Scientific work
After the start in mathematics with a doctoral thesis on the embedding of
Riemannian spaces into
Einstein spaces and conformally-
euclidean spaces,
the theory of ocean waves was in the focus of most of Magaard’s ensuing research. During his work in Kiel, the dominating topics were
internal wave research in the stratified
Baltic Sea
The Baltic Sea is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that is enclosed by Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden and the North and Central European Plain.
The sea stretches from 53°N to 66°N latitude and from ...
and their generation
and the
seiche
A seiche ( ) is a standing wave in an enclosed or partially enclosed body of water. Seiches and seiche-related phenomena have been observed on lakes, reservoirs, swimming pools, bays, harbors, caves and seas. The key requirement for formation o ...
system in the Baltic Sea.
After moving to Honolulu, wave studies were extended to other regions.
Other research concerned the
eddy (fluid dynamics)
In fluid dynamics, an eddy is the swirling of a fluid and the reverse current created when the fluid is in a turbulent flow regime. The moving fluid creates a space devoid of downstream-flowing fluid on the downstream side of the object. Fluid be ...
energy in the ocean
and
shear flow instabilities in the western Pacific Ocean.
His publications comprise 7 contributions to books and 38 articles in refereed journals. In teaching, both in Kiel and Honolulu, he dealt with surface and internal waves in the ocean, the
tide
Tides are the rise and fall of sea levels caused by the combined effects of the gravity, gravitational forces exerted by the Moon (and to a much lesser extent, the Sun) and are also caused by the Earth and Moon orbiting one another.
Tide t ...
,
turbulence
In fluid dynamics, turbulence or turbulent flow is fluid motion characterized by chaotic changes in pressure and flow velocity. It is in contrast to a laminar flow, which occurs when a fluid flows in parallel layers, with no disruption between ...
and
dimensional analysis. He added the topic of
ocean governance
Ocean governance is the conduct of the policy, actions and affairs regarding the world's oceans. Within governance, it incorporates the influence of non-state actors, i.e. stakeholders, NGOs and so forth, therefore the state is not the only act ...
at the
University of Hawaiʻi
The University of Hawaiʻi System, formally the University of Hawaiʻi and popularly known as UH, is a public college and university system that confers associate, bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees through three universities, seven com ...
.
Offices
At the University of Hawai'i:
* Chair, Graduate Field of Study in Oceanography, 1984 - 1990
* Chair, Department of Oceanography, 1984 – 1990
* Acting Associate Dean, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology (SOEST), 1989 – 1991
* Acting Dean, SOEST, 1999
* Associate Dean, SOEST, 1992 – 2000
* Director of Education, Marine Bioproducts Engineering Center, 2000 – 2001
* Chair, Department of Oceanography, 2005 – 2006
* Director, International Center for Climate and Society, from 2003
* Executive Associate Director, International Pacific Research Center (IPRC), 1998 – 2008
Awards
* Liège University Medal,
Liège
Liège ( , , ; wa, Lîdje ; nl, Luik ; german: Lüttich ) is a major city and municipality of Wallonia and the capital of the Belgian province of Liège.
The city is situated in the valley of the Meuse, in the east of Belgium, not far from b ...
, Belgium, 1973
* PACON (Pacific Congress on Marine Science and Technology) Service Award, 1998; PACON International Award, 2000; PACON Fellow Award, 2007
* Fellow,
Marine Technology Society
The Marine Technology Society (MTS) is a professional society that serves the international community of approximately 3,800 ocean engineers, technologists, policy-makers, and educators. The goal of the society, which was founded in 1963, is to pr ...
, 2001
See also
*
Campbell–Magaard theorem
Publications
English translations of German titles are given in brackets.
[Wolfgang Krauss, Lorenz Magaard: ”Zum Spektrum der internen Wellen der Ostsee.” In: “Kieler Meeresforschungen” 17, 1961, p. 136–147 (Energy spectra of the internal movements of the Baltic Sea).]
[Wolfgang Krauss, Lorenz Magaard: ”Zum System der Eigenschwingungen der Ostsee.” In: ”Kieler Meeresforschungen” 18, 1962, p. 184–186 (On the seiches system of the Baltic Sea).]
[Lorenz Magaard: ”Zur Theorie zweidimensionaler nichtlinear interner Wellen in stetig geschichteten Medien.” In: ”Kieler Meeresforschungen” 21, 1965, p. 22–23) (On the theory of two-dimensional nonlinear internal waves in continuously stratified media).]
[Lorenz Magaard, Wolfgang Krauss: ”Spektren der Wasserstandsschwankungen der Ostee im Jahre 1958.” In: ”Kieler Meeresforschungen” 22, 1966, p. 155–162 (Spectra of the 1958 sea level records in the Baltic).]
[Lorenz Magaard: ”Ein Beitrag zur Theorie der internen Wellen als Störungen geostrophischer Strömungen.” In: ”Deutsche Hydrographische Zeitschrift” 21, 1968, p. 241–278 (A contribution to the theory of internal waves as perturbations of geostrophic currents).]
[Lorenz Magaard: ”On the generation of internal gravity waves by a fluctuating buoyancy flux at the sea surface.” In: ”Geophysical Fluid Dynamics” 5, 1973, p. 101–111.]
[Lorenz Magaard, William D. McKee: ”Semi-diurnal tidal currents at site-D.” In: ”Deep-Sea Research” 20, 1973, p. 997–1009.]
[Klaus Wyrtki, Lorenz Magaard, James Hager: ”Eddy energy in the oceans.” In: ”Journal of Geophysical Research” 81, 1976, p. 2641–2646 (DOI: 10.1029/JC081i015p02641).]
[William J. Emery, Lorenz Magaard: ”Baroclinic Rossby waves as inferred from temperature fluctuations in the Eastern Pacific.” In: ”Journal of Marine Research” 34, 1976, p. 365–385.]
[Jim M. Price, Lorenz Magaard: ”Rossby wave analysis of the baroclinic potential energy in the upper 500 meters of the North Pacific.” In: ”Journal of Marine Research” 38, 1980, p. 249–264.]
[Lorenz Magaard: ”On the potential energy of baroclinic Rossby waves in the North Pacific.” In: ”Journal of Physical Oceanography” 13, 1983, p. 38–42.]
[Jim M. Price, Lorenz Magaard: ”Rossby wave analysis of subsurface temperature fluctuations along the Honolulu-San Francisco great circle.” In: ”Journal of Physical Oceanography” 13, 1983, p. 258–268.]
[Laurence A. Mysak, Lorenz Magaard: ”Rossby wave driven Eulerian mean flows along non-zonal barriers, with application to the Hawaiian Ridge.” In: “Journal of Physical Oceanography” 13, 1983, p. 1716–1725.]
[William J. Emery, William G. Lee, Lorenz Magaard: ”Geographic and seasonal distributions of Brunt-Vaisala frequency and Rossby radii in the North Pacific and North Atlantic. ” In: “Journal of Physical Oceanography” 14, 1984, p. 294–317.]
[Jim M. Price, Lorenz Magaard: ”Interannual baroclinic Rossby waves in the mid-latitude North Atlantic.” In: ”Journal of Physical Oceanography” 16, 1986, p. 2061–2070.]
[Federico Graef, Lorenz Magaard: ”Reflection of nonlinear baroclinic Rossby waves and the driving of secondary mean flows.” In: ”Journal of Physical Oceanography” 24, 1994, p. 1867–1894.]
[Jae-Yul Yun,, Jim M. Price, Lorenz Magaard: ”Radiating instability of non-zonal oceanic shear flows with application to the Kuroshio Extension Current.” In: ”Journal of Physical Oceanography” 25, 1995, p. 1788–1804.]
[Jae-Yul Yun, Jim M. Price, Lorenz Magaard: ”Recalculated radiating instabilities using the correct matching and boundary conditions.” In: ”Journal of Physical Oceanography” 25, 2000, p.1788–1804.]
[Walter Zenk, Gerold Siedler, Peter C. Wille, Gerd Wegner, Jörn Thiede, Volker Storch, Peter Speth, Eberhard Ruprecht, Manfred Ehrhardt, Bernt Zeitzschel: ”Early oceanography and the development of physical and chemical marine sciences in Kiel after World War II”. In: ”Deutsches Schiffahrtsarchiv, Wissenschaftliches Jahrbuch des Deutschen Schiffahrtsmuseums”, Bremerhaven, 39, 2018, p. 53, (given year date 2016, but published in 2018) (ISSN 0343-3668, ).]
References
Website of Taylor Francis Online. Access on 02 February 2017.
Website of Elsevier Science Direct. Access on 02 February 2017.
Website of the International Pacific Research Center. Access on 19 January 2017.
Website of the International Center for Climate and Society. Access on 19 January 2017.
Website of the University of Hawaii. Access on 22 January 2017.
Website of the Starbulletin Hawaii. Access on 22 January 2017.
Website of the Marine Technology Society. Access on 19 January 2017.
Website of gesis SSOAR. Access on 23 January 2017.
{{DEFAULTSORT:Magaard, Lorenz
1934 births
2020 deaths
German oceanographers
American oceanographers
Emigrants from West Germany to the United States
Academic staff of the University of Kiel
People from Flensburg