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{{Italic title ''Loc. cit.'' (
Latin Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the ...
, short for ''loco citato'', meaning "in the place cited") is a
footnote A note is a string of text placed at the bottom of a page in a book or document or at the end of a chapter, volume, or the whole text. The note can provide an author's comments on the main text or citations of a reference work in support of th ...
or
endnote A note is a string of text placed at the bottom of a page (paper), page in a book or document or at the end of a chapter, volume, or the whole text. The note can provide an author's comments on the main text or citations of a reference work in ...
term used to repeat the title and page number for a given work (and author). ''Loc. cit.'' is used in place of
ibid. Ibid. is an abbreviation for the Latin word '' ibīdem'', meaning "in the same place", commonly used in an endnote, footnote, bibliography citation, or scholarly reference to refer to the source cited in the preceding note or list item. This ...
when the reference is not only to the work immediately preceding, but also refers to the same page. Therefore, ''loc. cit.'' is never followed by volume or page numbers. ''Loc. cit.'' may be contrasted with ''
op. cit. ''Op. cit.'' is an abbreviation of the Latin phrase ' or ''opere citato'', meaning "the work cited" or ''in the cited work'', respectively. Overview The abbreviation is used in an endnote or footnote to refer the reader to a cited work, standing ...
'' (''opere citato'', "in the work cited"), in which reference is made to a work previously cited, but to a different page within that work.


Sample usage

* Example 1:
9. R. Millan, "Art of Latin grammar" (Academic, New York, 1997), p. 23.
10. ''Loc. cit.''
In the above example, the ''loc. cit.'' in reference #10 refers to reference #9 in its entirety, including page number. Note that ''loc. cit.'' is capitalized in this instance. * Example 2:
9. R. Millan, "Art of Latin grammar" (Academic, New York, 1997), p. 23.
10. G. Wiki, "Blah and its uses" (Blah Ltd., Old York, 2000), p. 12.
11. Millan, ''loc. cit.''
In the second example, the ''loc. cit.'' in reference #11 refers to reference #9, including page number.


See also

* Bibliography *
Ibid. Ibid. is an abbreviation for the Latin word '' ibīdem'', meaning "in the same place", commonly used in an endnote, footnote, bibliography citation, or scholarly reference to refer to the source cited in the preceding note or list item. This ...
*
Op. cit. ''Op. cit.'' is an abbreviation of the Latin phrase ' or ''opere citato'', meaning "the work cited" or ''in the cited work'', respectively. Overview The abbreviation is used in an endnote or footnote to refer the reader to a cited work, standing ...
*
MLA style ''MLA Handbook'' (9th ed., 2021), formerly ''MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers'' (1977–2009), establishes a system for documenting sources in scholarly writing. It is published by the Modern Language Association, which is based in the ...


References


Conventions in footnoting for essays, papers and books
by Werner Hammerstingl, 1998.

Bibliography Latin literary phrases