Lithuanian dictionaries
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Lithuanian dictionaries, i.e.,
dictionaries A dictionary is a listing of lexemes from the lexicon of one or more specific languages, often arranged alphabetically (or by radical and stroke for ideographic languages), which may include information on definitions, usage, etymologies, p ...
of
Lithuanian language Lithuanian ( ) is an Eastern Baltic language belonging to the Baltic branch of the Indo-European language family. It is the official language of Lithuania and one of the official languages of the European Union. There are about 2.8 millio ...
have been printed since the first half of the 17th century.


History

The first
Lithuanian language Lithuanian ( ) is an Eastern Baltic language belonging to the Baltic branch of the Indo-European language family. It is the official language of Lithuania and one of the official languages of the European Union. There are about 2.8 millio ...
dictionary was compiled by
Konstantinas Sirvydas Konstantinas Sirvydas (rarely referred as ''Konstantinas Širvydas''; la, Constantinus Szyrwid; pl, Konstanty Szyrwid; – August 23, 1631) was a Lithuanian religious preacher, lexicographer, and one of the pioneers of Lithuanian literatu ...
and printed in 1629 as a trilingual (Polish–Latin–Lithuanian) dictionary. Five editions of it were printed until 1713, but it was used and copied by other lexicographers until the 19th century."Kazimieras Būga and the Academic Dictionary of Lithuanian"
by
Antanas Klimas Antanas Klimas (; April 17 1924 in Pelekonys–18 September 2016 in Brighton) was a Lithuanian doctor of sciences, onomastician and comparative linguist specializing in the relationships between Baltic, Slavic and Germanic language groups ...
, ''
Lituanus ''Lituanus'' is an English language quarterly journal dedicated to Lithuanian and Baltic languages, linguistics, political science, arts, history, literature, and related topics. It is published by the non-profit Lituanus Foundation, Inc., and ha ...
'', vol. 27, no.4, 1981
"Dictionaries" article
from ''
Encyclopedia Lituanica ''Encyclopedia Lituanica'' (likely named after ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' or ''Encyclopedia Americana'') is a six-volume (about 3600-page) English language encyclopedia about Lithuania and Lithuania-related topics. It was published between 19 ...
'', based on the article from ''Lituanus''
The first German–Lithuanian–German dictionary, to address the necessities of
Lithuania Minor Lithuania Minor ( lt, Mažoji Lietuva; german: Kleinlitauen; pl, Litwa Mniejsza; russian: Ма́лая Литва́), or Prussian Lithuania ( lt, Prūsų Lietuva; german: Preußisch-Litauen, pl, Litwa Pruska), is a historical ethnographic re ...
, was published by Friedrich W. Haack in 1730. A better German–Lithuanian–German dictionary, with a sketch of grammar and history of the language, more words, and systematic orthography, was published by Philipp Ruhig in 1747. In 1800, printed an expanded and revised version of Ruhig's dictionary. Its foreword was the last work of
Immanuel Kant Immanuel Kant (, , ; 22 April 1724 – 12 February 1804) was a German philosopher and one of the central Enlightenment thinkers. Born in Königsberg, Kant's comprehensive and systematic works in epistemology, metaphysics, ethics, and ...
printed during his life.Mielcke's Lithuanian dictionary
/ref> There also existed a number of notable unpublished dictionaries. At the beginning of the 19th century linguists recognized the
conservative Conservatism is a cultural, social, and political philosophy that seeks to promote and to preserve traditional institutions, practices, and values. The central tenets of conservatism may vary in relation to the culture and civilization i ...
character of Lithuanian, and it came into the focus of the
comparative linguistics Comparative linguistics, or comparative-historical linguistics (formerly comparative philology) is a branch of historical linguistics that is concerned with comparing languages to establish their historical relatedness. Genetic relatedness ...
of
Indo-European languages The Indo-European languages are a language family native to the overwhelming majority of Europe, the Iranian plateau, and the northern Indian subcontinent. Some European languages of this family, English, French, Portuguese, Russian, Dutc ...
. To address the needs of linguists, Georg H. F. Nesselmann published a Lithuanian–German dictionary in 1851. The culmination of Lithuanian linguists' efforts is the 20-volume ''
Academic Dictionary of Lithuanian The Academic Dictionary of Lithuanian ( lt, Didysis lietuvių kalbos žodynas or lt, Akademinis lietuvių kalbos žodynas, label=none) is a comprehensive thesaurus of the Lithuanian language and one of the most extensive lexicographical works in ...
''.


References

{{reflist
Dictionaries A dictionary is a listing of lexemes from the lexicon of one or more specific languages, often arranged alphabetically (or by radical and stroke for ideographic languages), which may include information on definitions, usage, etymologies, p ...
Online dictionaries