Listed buildings in Macclesfield
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Macclesfield Macclesfield is a market town and civil parish in the unitary authority of Cheshire East in Cheshire, England. It is located on the River Bollin in the east of the county, on the edge of the Cheshire Plain, with Macclesfield Forest to its east ...
is a town in
Cheshire East Cheshire East is a unitary authority area with Borough status in the United Kingdom, borough status in the ceremonial county of Cheshire, England. The local authority is Cheshire East Council. Towns within the area include Crewe, Macclesfield, Co ...
, England. It was originally a
market town A market town is a settlement most common in Europe that obtained by custom or royal charter, in the Middle Ages, a market right, which allowed it to host a regular market; this distinguished it from a village or city. In Britain, small rural ...
, and was granted a charter in 1261. The
medieval In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the late 5th to the late 15th centuries, similar to the Post-classical, post-classical period of World history (field), global history. It began with t ...
town surrounded a hilltop that contained the Church of St Michael and the marketplace. Industry came to the town in the 18th century following the building of the first silk mill by
Charles Roe Charles Roe (7 May 1715 – 3 May 1781) was an English industrialist. He played an important part in establishing the silk industry in Macclesfield, Cheshire and later became involved in the mining and metal industries. Early life and caree ...
in 1743. This industry grew with the building of more mills, and of houses incorporating weavers' garrets on the top floor, with large windows to light them. The mills were initially supplied with power from horses, or from the River Bollin, which ran through the town. Later, steam power was introduced. Communication was improved by the building of the
Macclesfield Canal The Macclesfield Canal is a canal in east Cheshire, England. There were various proposals for a canal to connect the town of Macclesfield to the national network from 1765 onwards, but it was not until 1824 that a scheme came to fruition. There ...
, which was completed in 1831. The silk industry declined from 1851, industry in the town diversified, and most of the surviving silk mills were converted into other industrial purposes or for domestic use. During the 20th century, some of the buildings were cleared from the town centre, and housing estates were built on the periphery of the town. The history of the town is reflected in its listed buildings. Apart from an ancient cross shaft, St Michael's Church and the Unitarian chapel, the oldest listing buildings are houses, most of which are
timber-framed Timber framing (german: Holzfachwerk) and "post-and-beam" construction are traditional methods of building with heavy timbers, creating structures using squared-off and carefully fitted and joined timbers with joints secured by large wooden ...
or have a timber-framed core. From the late 17th century to the early 19th century many of the listed buildings are Neoclassical or
Georgian Georgian may refer to: Common meanings * Anything related to, or originating from Georgia (country) ** Georgians, an indigenous Caucasian ethnic group ** Georgian language, a Kartvelian language spoken by Georgians **Georgian scripts, three scrip ...
in style. Most of the early silk mills have been demolished, the oldest surviving former silk mills being Little Street Mill, which was built in 1804, and Regency Mill, which was built in about 1820. With the coming of the
Victorian era In the history of the United Kingdom and the British Empire, the Victorian era was the period of Queen Victoria's reign, from 20 June 1837 until her death on 22 January 1901. The era followed the Georgian period and preceded the Edwardia ...
the architectural style of the churches and public buildings changed from Neoclassical and Georgian to
Gothic Revival Gothic Revival (also referred to as Victorian Gothic, neo-Gothic, or Gothick) is an architectural movement that began in the late 1740s in England. The movement gained momentum and expanded in the first half of the 19th century, as increasingly ...
. The construction of the Macclesfield Canal resulted in a number of associated structures that have been listed, including eight bridges and a milestone. Other developments in the town resulted in buildings that have been listed, including the Militia Barracks, constructed in the late 1850s, the cemetery that opened in 1866, and
Parkside Hospital Parkside Hospital was a mental health facility at Victoria Road in Macclesfield, Cheshire, England. The administration block survives and is a Grade II listed building. History The hospital, which was designed by Robert Griffiths in the Italiana ...
(originally an asylum) that opened in 1871. In addition to listed houses, churches, public buildings, schools, mills, and public houses, there is a variety of other structures that have been listed; these include
almshouses An almshouse (also known as a bede-house, poorhouse, or hospital) was charitable housing provided to people in a particular community, especially during the medieval era. They were often targeted at the poor of a locality, at those from certain ...
, boundary stones, bollards, and a museum. The only listed buildings dating from the 20th century are the War Memorial, and a pair of
telephone kiosks A telephone booth, telephone kiosk, telephone call box, telephone box or public call box is a tiny structure furnished with a payphone and designed for a telephone user's convenience; usually the user steps into the booth and closes the booth ...
in front of the Town Hall. As of 2014 there are 218 buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England as designated
listed building In the United Kingdom, a listed building or listed structure is one that has been placed on one of the four statutory lists maintained by Historic England in England, Historic Environment Scotland in Scotland, in Wales, and the Northern Irel ...
s. Of these, 18 are listed at Grade II*, the middle grade, and the others are at Grade II. There are no buildings listed at Grade I.


Key


Buildings


See also

*
Listed buildings in Bollington Bollington is a civil parish in Cheshire East, England. It contains 66 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England, all of which are at Grade II. This grade is the lowest of the three gradings given to l ...
* Listed buildings in Gawsworth * Listed buildings in Henbury *
Listed buildings in Higher Hurdsfield Higher Hurdsfield is a civil parish in Cheshire East, England. It contains 13 buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England as designated listed buildings, all of which are at Grade II. This grade is the lowest ...
* Listed buildings in Macclesfield Forest and Wildboarclough *
Listed buildings in Over Alderley Over Alderley is a Civil parishes in England, civil parish in Cheshire East, England. It contains 25 buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England as designated listed buildings. Of these, three are listed at Grade I ...
* Listed buildings in Prestbury * Listed buildings in Rainow * Listed buildings in Sutton


References

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