Carlisle is an unparished area in the
City of Carlisle,
Cumbria
Cumbria ( ) is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan county in North West England, bordering Scotland. The county and Cumbria County Council, its local government, came into existence in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972. C ...
, England. It contains about 350 buildings that are recorded in the
National Heritage List for England
The National Heritage List for England (NHLE) is England's official database of protected heritage assets. It includes details of all English listed buildings, scheduled monuments, register of historic parks and gardens, protected shipwrecks, a ...
. Of these, 24 are listed at Grade I, the highest of the three grades, 26 are at Grade II*, the middle grade, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.
Carlisle is a city with a
cathedral
A cathedral is a church that contains the '' cathedra'' () of a bishop, thus serving as the central church of a diocese, conference, or episcopate. Churches with the function of "cathedral" are usually specific to those Christian denominatio ...
and is the
county town of Cumbria. During the
Roman era
In modern historiography, ancient Rome refers to Roman civilisation from the founding of the city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD. It encompasses the Roman Kingdom (753–509 BC ...
, it was the most northernmost city of the
Roman Empire
The Roman Empire ( la, Imperium Romanum ; grc-gre, Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων, Basileía tôn Rhōmaíōn) was the post- Republican period of ancient Rome. As a polity, it included large territorial holdings around the Mediter ...
, and contained the largest fort on
Hadrian's Wall. In 1122 an
Augustinian priory
A priory is a monastery of men or women under religious vows that is headed by a prior or prioress. Priories may be houses of mendicant friars or nuns (such as the Dominicans, Augustinians, Franciscans, and Carmelites), or monasteries of ...
was established by
Henry I Henry I may refer to:
876–1366
* Henry I the Fowler, King of Germany (876–936)
* Henry I, Duke of Bavaria (died 955)
* Henry I of Austria, Margrave of Austria (died 1018)
* Henry I of France (1008–1060)
* Henry I the Long, Margrave of the ...
, this later becoming the cathedral. Also during the 12th century and later, the fortifications, including the city walls and the castle, were strengthened to defend against raids from the Scots. The city began to grow from the middle of the 18th century, stimulated by the building of the
turnpikes towards
Newcastle upon Tyne
Newcastle upon Tyne ( RP: , ), or simply Newcastle, is a city and metropolitan borough in Tyne and Wear, England. The city is located on the River Tyne's northern bank and forms the largest part of the Tyneside built-up area. Newcastle is ...
and London in the 1750s, followed by a canal and later the railway. It grew as an ecclesiastical and commercial centre and the cotton industry developed in the city. Fine houses were built, many in
Georgian style, initially mainly around the city centre, and later in the growing suburbs.
The listed buildings largely reflect the city's history. The earliest buildings are what is left from the defensive fortifications and from the priory. These are followed by civic structures, such as the Guildhall, the former Town Hall, and the market cross. Most of the later buildings are, or originated as, houses and shops, many of which have since been converted for other uses, particularly offices. As the town grew, terraces of fine houses were built in the Warwick Road area, around squares containing central gardens such as Chatsworth and Portland Squares, and along Victoria Place. Not all the houses are in the more central areas, groups of listed houses being found for example in the former villages of Botcherby to the east of the city, and Stanwix to the north of the
River Eden, and now in the unparished area. The other listed buildings include a variety of structures, including churches, inns, public houses and hotels, a bridge and a viaduct, a former brewery, former cotton mills, railway stations, banks, statues, memorials, cemetery buildings, a hospital, a disused gasholder, a
pillbox Pillbox may refer to:
* Pill organizer, a container for medicine
* Pillbox hat, a woman's hat with a flat crown, straight upright sides, and no brim
* Pillbox (military)
A pillbox is a type of blockhouse, or concrete dug-in guard-post, norm ...
, and a market.
__NOTOC__
Key
Buildings
Notes and references
Notes
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Carlisle, Cumbria
Lists of listed buildings in Cumbria
Listed
Listed may refer to:
* Listed, Bornholm, a fishing village on the Danish island of Bornholm
* Listed (MMM program), a television show on MuchMoreMusic
* Endangered species in biology
* Listed building, in architecture, designation of a historicall ...