This page is an index of sustainability articles.

A

Adiabatic lapse rate The lapse rate is the rate at which an atmospheric variable, normally temperature in Earth's atmosphere, falls with altitude. ''Lapse rate'' arises from the word ''lapse'', in the sense of a gradual fall. In dry air, the adiabatic lapse rate is ...

- Air pollution control -

Air pollution dispersion modeling Atmospheric dispersion modeling is the mathematical simulation of how air pollutants disperse in the ambient atmosphere. It is performed with computer programs that include algorithms to solve the mathematical equations that govern the pollutant ...

Allotment (gardening) An allotment (British English), or in North America, a community garden, is a plot of land made available for individual, non-commercial gardening or growing food plants, so forming a kitchen garden away from the residence of the user. Such plot ...

- Alternative energy -

Anaerobic digestion Anaerobic digestion is a sequence of processes by which microorganisms break down biodegradable material in the absence of oxygen. The process is used for industrial or domestic purposes to Waste management, manage waste or to produce fuels. Mu ...

- Anthropogenic - Anthroposystem -

Applied Sustainability Applied sustainability is the application of science and innovation, including the insights of the social sciences, to meet human needs while indefinitely preserving the life support systems of the planet. Note that this is a significant diffe ...

Appropriate technology Appropriate technology is a movement (and its manifestations) encompassing technological choice and application that is small-scale, affordable by locals, decentralized, labor-intensive, energy-efficient, environmentally sustainable, and loca ...

- Aquaculture -

Aquatic ecosystem An aquatic ecosystem is an ecosystem formed by surrounding a body of water, in contrast to land-based terrestrial ecosystems. Aquatic ecosystems contain communities of organisms that are dependent on each other and on their environment. The t ...

Ashden Awards Ashden is a London-based charity that works in the field of sustainable energy and development. Its work includes the annual Ashden Awards, advocacy and research in the field of sustainable energy, and mentoring and practical support for award w ...

B

Back-to-the-land movement A back-to-the-land movement is any of various agrarian movements across different historical periods. The common thread is a call for people to take up smallholding and to grow food from the land with an emphasis on a greater degree of self-suffic ...

Bagasse Bagasse ( ) is the dry pulpy fibrous material that remains after crushing sugarcane or sorghum stalks to extract their juice. It is used as a biofuel for the production of heat, energy, and electricity, and in the manufacture of pulp and building ...

- Behavioral ecology - Biobutanol -

Biodegradable plastics Biodegradable plastics are plastics that can be decomposed by the action of living organisms, usually microbes, into water, carbon dioxide, and biomass. Biodegradable plastics are commonly produced with renewable raw materials, micro-organisms, ...

- Bioenergy -

Bioenergy village {{Unreferenced, date=April 2021 A bio-energy village is a regionally oriented concept for the use of renewable energy sources in rural areas. The system uses biomass from local agriculture and forestry in a biogas powerplant to meet the complet ...

Biofuel in Brazil The use of biofuels varies by region. The world leaders in biofuel development and use are Brazil, United States, France, Sweden and Germany. Americas Brazil The government of Brazil hopes to build on the success of the Proálcool ethanol pr ...

Biofuel in the United States The United States produces mainly biodiesel and ethanol fuel, which uses corn as the main feedstock. The US is the world's largest producer of ethanol, having produced nearly 16 billion gallons in 2017 alone. The United States, together with Bra ...

- Biofuel - Biofuelwatch -

Biogas Biogas is a mixture of gases, primarily consisting of methane, carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide, produced from raw materials such as agricultural waste, manure, municipal waste, plant material, sewage, green waste and food waste. It is a ...

- Biogas powerplant -

Biogeochemistry Biogeochemistry is the scientific discipline that involves the study of the chemical, physical, geological, and biological processes and reactions that govern the composition of the natural environment (including the biosphere, the cryosphere, ...

- Blue bag

C

Carbon accounting Greenhouse gas accounting or Carbon accounting is a framework of methods to measure and track how much greenhouse gas (GHG) an organization emits or takes actions to reduce. Corporations, cities and other groups use these techniques to help limi ...

- Carbon economy - Carbon footprint -

Catchwater A catchwater device is a large-scale man-made device for catching surface runoff from hills and the sky from precipitation by channeling it to reservoirs for commercial and domestic use later. Freshwater is a scarce natural resource due to polluti ...

Causal layered analysis Causal layered analysis (CLA) is a futures techniques, technique used in strategic planning, futures studies and Foresight (psychology), foresight to more effectively shape the future. The technique was pioneered by Sohail Inayatullah, a Pakistani ...

- Center for Environmental Technology - Centre on Sustainable Consumption and Production -

Circles of Sustainability Circles of Sustainability is a method for understanding and assessing sustainability, and for project management directed towards socially sustainable outcomes. It is intended to handle 'seemingly intractable problems' such as outlined in ...

- Circular economy - Clean technology - Cleaner production -

Climate change In common usage, climate change describes global warming—the ongoing increase in global average temperature—and its effects on Earth's climate system. Climate change in a broader sense also includes previous long-term changes to ...

- Coal depletion -

Commission on Sustainable Development The United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD) was a body under the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) tasked with overseeing the outcomes of the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development/Earth Summit. It ...

- Compost -

Composting Compost is a mixture of ingredients used as plant fertilizer and to improve soil's physical, chemical and biological properties. It is commonly prepared by decomposing plant, food waste, recycling organic materials and manure. The resulting m ...

- Computational Sustainability -

Confederation of European Environmental Engineering Societies The Confederation of European Environmental Engineering Societies (CEEES) was created as a co-operative international organization for information exchange regarding environmental engineering between the various European societies in this field. T ...

- Conservation biology -

Conservation Commons The Conservation Commons is the expression of a cooperative effort of non-governmental organizations, international and multi-lateral organizations, governments, academia, and the private sector, to improve open access to and unrestricted use of, da ...

- Conservation development - Conservation ethic -

Conservation movement The conservation movement, also known as nature conservation, is a political, environmental, and social movement that seeks to manage and protect natural resources, including animal, fungus, and plant species as well as their habitat for the ...

Consumables Consumables (also known as consumable goods, non-durable goods, or soft goods) are goods that are intended to be consumed. People have, for example, always consumed food and water. Consumables are in contrast to durable goods. Disposable products ...

- Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques - Cornucopian - Corporate social responsibility -

Corporate sustainability Corporate sustainability is an approach aiming to create long-term stakeholder value through the implementation of a business strategy that focuses on the ethical, social, environmental, cultural, and economic dimensions of doing business. The str ...

- Cradle to Cradle Design - Cultural sustainability

D

Deforestation Deforestation or forest clearance is the removal of a forest or stand of trees from land that is then converted to non-forest use. Deforestation can involve conversion of forest land to farms, ranches, or urban use. The most concentrated ...

Demography Demography () is the statistical study of populations, especially human beings. Demographic analysis examines and measures the dimensions and dynamics of populations; it can cover whole societies or groups defined by criteria such as edu ...

- Depopulation - Desertification -

Directive on the Promotion of the use of biofuels and other renewable fuels for transport Directive 2003/30/EC was a European Union directive for promoting the use of biofuels for EU transport. The directive entered into force in May 2003, and stipulated that national measures must be taken by countries across the EU aiming at repla ...

Diseases of poverty Diseases of poverty (also known as poverty-related diseases) are diseases that are more prevalent in low-income populations. They include infectious diseases, as well as diseases related to malnutrition and poor health behaviour. Poverty is one o ...

- Downsizer -

Drawbridge mentality A drawbridge mentality is the attitude of people who have migrated to a more exclusive or more "unspoiled" community and then campaign to preserve the tranquility of that community by opposing further inward migration by people or businesses and, po ...

E

Earth Charter The Earth Charter is an international declaration of fundamental values and principles considered useful by its supporters for building a just, sustainable, and peaceful global society in the 21st century. Created by a global consultation process, ...

- Earth observation satellite - Earthscan - Eco hotels -

Eco-cities An eco-city or ecocity is "a human settlement modeled on the self-sustaining resilient structure and function of natural ecosystems", as defined bEcocity Builders(a non-profit organization started by Richard Register who first coined the term). Simp ...

Eco-efficiency As countries and regions around the world began to develop, it slowly became evident that industrialization and economic growth come hand in hand with environmental degradation. Eco-efficiency has been proposed as one of the main tools to promote a ...

Eco-industrial park An eco-industrial park (EIP) is an industrial park in which businesses cooperate with each other and with the local community in an attempt to reduce waste and pollution, efficiently share resources (such as information, materials, water, energy, ...

- Eco-sufficiency - Ecoforestry - Ecolabel - Ecological deficit - Ecological economics - Ecological footprint -

Ecological humanities The environmental humanities (also ecological humanities) is an interdisciplinary area of research, drawing on the many environmental sub-disciplines that have emerged in the humanities over the past several decades, in particular environmental li ...

- Ecological literacy - Ecological sanitation -

Ecological threshold Ecological threshold is the point at which a relatively small change or disturbance in external conditions causes a rapid change in an ecosystem. When an ecological threshold has been passed, the ecosystem may no longer be able to return to its st ...

Ecologically sustainable development Ecologically sustainable development is the environmental component of sustainable development. It can be achieved partially through the use of the precautionary principle; if there are threats of serious or irreversible environmental damage, lack ...

- Ecosharing - Ecosystem-based management -

Ecosystem management Ecosystem management is an approach to natural resource management that aims to ensure the long-term sustainability and persistence of an ecosystems function and services while meeting socioeconomic, political, and cultural needs. Although indige ...

Ecotax An environmental tax, ecotax (short for ecological taxation), or green tax is a tax levied on activities which are considered to be harmful to the environment and is intended to promote environmentally friendly activities via economic incentives. ...

Ecotechnology Ecotechnology is an applied science that seeks to fulfill human needs while causing minimal ecological disruption, by harnessing and manipulating natural forces to leverage their beneficial effects. Ecotechnology integrates two fields of study: ...

Ecotourism Ecotourism is a form of tourism involving responsible travel (using sustainable transport) to natural areas, conserving the environment, and improving the well-being of the local people. Its purpose may be to educate the traveler, to provide fund ...

Ecovillages An ecovillage is a traditional or intentional community with the goal of becoming more socially, culturally, economically, and/or ecologically sustainable. An ecovillage strives to produce the least possible negative impact on the natural envi ...

- Electric vehicle -

Emissions trading Emissions trading is a market-based approach to controlling pollution by providing economic incentives for reducing the emissions of pollutants. The concept is also known as cap and trade (CAT) or emissions trading scheme (ETS). Carbon emission ...

- Energy conservation -

Energy content of biofuel The energy content of biofuel is the chemical energy contained in a given biofuel, measured per unit mass of that fuel, as specific energy, or per unit of volume of the fuel, as energy density. A biofuel is a fuel produced from recently living organ ...

- Energy crop - Energy density -

Energy descent Energy descent is a process whereby a society either voluntarily or involuntarily reduces its total energy consumption. Energy descent can be understood in relation to peak oil, in which case there is a theoretical post- peak-oil transitional ph ...

- Energy development -

Energy economics Energy economics is a broad scientific subject area which includes topics related to supply and use of energy in societies. Considering the cost of energy services and associated value gives economic meaning to the efficiency at which energ ...

- Efficient energy use - Energy Policy Act of 2005 - Energy saving modules -

Energy security Energy security is the association between national security and the availability of natural resources for energy consumption. Access to (relatively) cheap energy has become essential to the functioning of modern economies. However, the uneven d ...

Environmental accounting Environmental accounting is a subset of accounting proper, its target being to incorporate both economic and environmental information. It can be conducted at the corporate level or at the level of a national economy through the System of Integrated ...

Environmental archaeology Environmental archaeology is a sub-field of archaeology which emerged in 1970s and is the science of reconstructing the relationships between past societies and the environments they lived in. The field represents an archaeological-palaeoecologica ...

- Environmental audits - Environmental benefits of vegetarianism -

Environmental biotechnology Environmental biotechnology is biotechnology that is applied to and used to study the natural environment. Environmental biotechnology could also imply that one try to harness biological process for commercial uses and exploitation. The Internat ...

- Environmental Change Network -

Environmental chemistry Environmental chemistry is the scientific study of the chemical and biochemical phenomena that occur in natural places. It should not be confused with green chemistry, which seeks to reduce potential pollution at its source. It can be defined as ...

Environmental concerns with electricity generation Electric power systems consist of generation plants of different energy sources, transmission networks, and distribution lines. Each of these components can have environmental impacts at multiple stages of their development and use including in ...

- Environmental consulting -

Environmental control system In aeronautics, an environmental control system (ECS) of an aircraft is an essential component which provides air supply, thermal control and cabin pressurization for the crew and passengers. Additional functions include the cooling of avionic ...

Environmental defense Environmental Defense Fund or EDF (formerly known as Environmental Defense) is a United States-based nonprofit environmental advocacy group. The group is known for its work on issues including global warming, ecosystem restoration, oceans, and hu ...

Environmental design Environmental design is the process of addressing surrounding environmental parameters when devising plans, programs, policies, buildings, or products. It seeks to create spaces that will enhance the natural, social, cultural and physical environm ...

- Environmental design and planning -

Environmental disaster An environmental disaster or ecological disaster is defined as a catastrophic event regarding the natural environment that is due to human activity.Jared M. Diamond, '' Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed'', 2005 This point disti ...

Environmental determinism Environmental determinism (also known as climatic determinism or geographical determinism) is the study of how the physical environment predisposes societies and states towards particular development trajectories. Jared Diamond, Jeffrey Herbst, ...

Environmental economics Environmental economics is a sub-field of economics concerned with environmental issues. It has become a widely studied subject due to growing environmental concerns in the twenty-first century. Environmental economics "undertakes theoretical or ...

Environmental effects of fishing The environmental impact of fishing includes issues such as the availability of fish, overfishing, fisheries, and fisheries management; as well as the impact of industrial fishing on other elements of the environment, such as bycatch. These issu ...

Environmental effects on physiology Ecophysiology (from Greek , ''oikos'', "house(hold)"; , ''physis'', "nature, origin"; and , ''-logia''), environmental physiology or physiological ecology is a biological discipline that studies the response of an organism's physiology to envir ...

Environmental engineering Environmental engineering is a professional engineering discipline that encompasses broad scientific topics like chemistry, biology, ecology, geology, hydraulics, hydrology, microbiology, and mathematics to create solutions that will protect and ...

Environmental enterprise An environmental enterprise is an environmentally friendly/compatible business. Specifically, an environmental enterprise is a business that produces value in the same manner which an ecosystem does, neither producing waste nor consuming unsust ...

Environmental ethics In environmental philosophy, environmental ethics is an established field of practical philosophy "which reconstructs the essential types of argumentation that can be made for protecting natural entities and the sustainable use of natural resourc ...

Environmental factor An environmental factor, ecological factor or eco factor is any factor, abiotic or biotic, that influences living organisms. Abiotic factors include ambient temperature, amount of sunlight, and pH of the water soil in which an organism lives. Bi ...

Environmental finance Environmental finance is a field within finance that employs market-based environmental policy instruments to improve the ecological impact of investment strategies. The primary objective of environmental finance is to regress the negative impac ...

- Environmental geography - Environmental geology - Environmental gradient - Environmental hazard - Environmental health - Environmental impact assessment - Environmental impact report - Environmental Information Regulations 2004 - Environmental journalism - Environmental justice - Environmental law - Environmental Life Force - Environmental management - Environmental management scheme - Environmental Measurements Laboratory - Environmental medicine - Environmental microbiology - Environmental Modeling Center - Environmental movement - Environmental movement in New Zealand - Environmental movement in the United States - Environmental planning - Environmental preservation - Environmental pricing reform - Environmental protection in Japan - Environmental psychology - Environmental Quality Improvement Act - Environmental racism - Environmental racism in Europe - Environmental remediation - Environmental Research Letters - Environmental restoration - Environmental Risk Management Authority - Environmental science - Environmental security - Environmental skepticism - Environmental sociology - Environmental standard - Environmental studies - Environmental suit - Environmental Sustainability Index - Environmental technology - Environmental Technology Laboratory - Environmental Technology Verification Program - Environmental toxins and fetal development - Environmental transport association - Environmental vandalism - Environmental vegetarianism - Environmental, Safety and Health Communication - Environmentalism - EPA Sustainability - Epidemics - Ethanol fuel - Ethical consumerism - Eugenics - European Biofuels Technology Platform

F

Factory Green - Famine - Farmer field school - Food Race - Food Routes Network - Food security - Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 - Foreshoreway

G

Gasification - Geothermal power - Global Environment Outlook - Global Reporting Initiative - Global warming - Glossary of climate change - Glossary of environmental science - Green anarchy - Green banking - Green brands - Green building - Green cities - Green cleaning - Green computing - Green conventions - Green crude - Green development - Green energy design - Green gross domestic product - Green museum - Green Revolution - Green syndicalism - Ground-coupled heat exchanger

H

Hannover Principles - Heating oil - Holocene extinction event - Hubbert Peak Theory - Human development index - Human development theory - Human migration - Humanistic capitalism - Hybrid vehicle - Hydrogen technologies

I

Immigration - Immigration reduction - Impact investing - Import substitution industries - Inclusive business - Industrial biotechnology - Industrial ecology - Industrial symbiosis - Industrial wastewater treatment - Inhabitat - Integrated catchment management - Integrated Multi-trophic Aquaculture - International Institute for Environment and Development - International Year of Forests

J

Joint Forest Management

K

Kyoto Protocol

L

Langkawi Declaration - Life cycle assessment - Lifeboat ethics - List of climate change topics - List of conservation topics - List of environmental degrees - List of environmental health hazards - List of environmental issues - List of environmental studies topics - List of global sustainability statistics - List of large wind farms - List of religious populations - List of renewable energy topics by country - List of sustainability programs in North America - List of vegetable oils - Local food - Low-impact development (UK), Low impact development - Low-carbon economy

M

Maldevelopment - Material efficiency - Material input per unit of service - Medieval demography - Megalopolis (city type) - Melbourne Principles - Metapattern, Metapattern - Micro-Sustainability, Micro-sustainability - Mitigation of peak oil - Multiple chemical sensitivity

N

Natural building - Natural resource management - Nature conservation - Net metering - New Classical Architecture - New Urbanism

O

Oceanway - Over-consumption

P

Participatory technology development - Peak coal - Peak copper - Peak gas - Peak oil - Peak uranium - Permaculture - Permeable paving - Photovoltaic array - Photovoltaics in transport - Planetary boundaries - Population ageing - Population biology - Population control - Population decline - Population density - Population ecology - Population growth - Population pyramid - Promession - Public ecology

R

Radical sustainability - Rain garden - Rainwater tank - Reconciliation ecology - Recycling - Reef Check - Renewable energy development - Renewable energy - Renewable resources - Rio Declaration on Environment and Development - Risks to civilization, humans and planet Earth

S

Seafood watch - Self-sufficiency - Seven generation sustainability - Silicon valley - Simple living - Smithsonian Environmental Research Center - Soil conservation - Soil erosion - Soil health - Solar cell - Solar heating - Solar lamp - Solar power - Solar power satellite - Solar savings fraction - Spaceship earth - Space sustainability - Steady-state economy Straight vegetable oil - Strategic Environmental Assessment - Strategic Sustainable Development - Sustainability - Sustainability accounting - Sustainability Appraisal, Sustainability appraisal - Sustainability governance - Sustainability (journal) - Sustainability organisations - Sustainability reporting - Sustainability science - Sustainable advertising - Sustainable agriculture - Sustainable architecture - Sustainable art - Sustainable building - Sustainable business - Sustainable city - Sustainable community - Sustainable design - Sustainable development - Sustainable distribution - Sustainable energy - Sustainable fashion - Sustainable food system - Sustainable forest management - Sustainable gardening - Sustainable habitat - Sustainable industries - Sustainable landscape architecture - Sustainable lighting - Sustainable living - Sustainable national income - Sustainable packaging - Sustainable population - Sustainable procurement - Sustainable product development - Sustainable product development and design - Sustainable regional development - Sustainable resource extraction - Sustainable sanitation - Sustainable technology - Sustainable tourism - Sustainable transport - Sustainable urban drainage systems - Sustainable urban infrastructure

T

Eudaimonia, The good life - The Institution of Environmental Sciences - The Natural Step - The People & Planet Green League - The Science of Survival - Tragedy of the commons - Transition town

U

United Nations Environment Programme - United States Green Chamber of Commerce - Urban density - Urban horticulture - Urban oasis - Urban sprawl

V

Value of Earth - Variable retention - Vegetable oil economy

W

Waste management - Waste vegetable oil - Waste water treatment - Water conservation - Water crisis - Water purification - Wave farm - Weak and strong sustainability - Wind power - Wind power in the United Kingdom - Wind turbine - World energy consumption - World largest cities

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

R

S

T

U

V

W

See also