Sovereign states

A

Abazinia Abazinia, Abazashta or Abaza is a historical country at the northern mountainside of the Caucasus Major, now the northern part of Karachay–Cherkess Republic, Russia. Abazinia is a home of the Abazins, a people related to the Abkhaz people t ...

– Abazinia *

Aceh Aceh ( ), officially the Aceh Province ( ace, Nanggroë Acèh; id, Provinsi Aceh) is the westernmost province of Indonesia. It is located on the northernmost of Sumatra island, with Banda Aceh being its capital and largest city. Granted a s ...

– Aceh Sultanate * Adal – Adal Sultanate * Ahmadnagar – Ahmadnagar Sultanate *

Ahom Ahom may refer to: *Ahom people, an ethnic community in Assam * Ahom language, a language associated with the Ahom people *Ahom religion, an ethnic folk religion of Tai-Ahom people *Ahom alphabet, a script used to write the Ahom language * Ahom kin ...

– Ahom Kingdom *

Airgíalla Airgíalla (Modern Irish: Oirialla, English: Oriel, Latin: ''Ergallia'') was a medieval Irish over-kingdom and the collective name for the confederation of tribes that formed it. The confederation consisted of nine minor kingdoms, all independe ...

* Ailech * Aïr – Terene Sultanate of Aïr (to 1500) *

Ajuran Ajuran may refer to: * Ajuran Sultanate, a medieval Somali empire * Ajuran (clan), a Somali clan * Ajuran currency Ajuran currency was an old coinage system minted in the Ajuran Sultanate. The polity was a Somali people, Somali Muslim kingdom that ...

– Ajuran Sultanate *

Ağ Qoyunlu The Aq Qoyunlu ( az, Ağqoyunlular , ) was a culturally Persianate,Kaushik Roy, ''Military Transition in Early Modern Asia, 1400–1750'', (Bloomsbury, 2014), 38; "Post-Mongol Persia and Iraq were ruled by two tribal confederations: Akkoyunlu (Wh ...

– Ağ Qoyunlu Confederation * Alodia – Alodia * Andorra – Principality of Andorra *

Aragon Aragon ( , ; Spanish and an, Aragón ; ca, Aragó ) is an autonomous community in Spain, coextensive with the medieval Kingdom of Aragon. In northeastern Spain, the Aragonese autonomous community comprises three provinces (from north to sou ...

– Kingdom of Aragon * Astrakhan – Khanate of Astrakhan * Ava – Kingdom of Ava * Avar – Avar Khanate *

Ayutthaya Ayutthaya, Ayudhya, or Ayuthia may refer to: * Ayutthaya Kingdom, a Thai kingdom that existed from 1350 to 1767 ** Ayutthaya Historical Park, the ruins of the old capital city of the Ayutthaya Kingdom * Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya province (locally ...

– Ayutthaya Kingdom * Aztec – Aztec Empire ** Tenochtitlan ** Texcoco ** Tlacopan

B

Bamum Bamum, also spelled Bamoum, Bamun, or Bamoun, may refer to: *The Bamum people *The Bamum kingdom *The Bamum language *The Bamum script ** Bamum (Unicode block) * Bamum Scripts and Archives Project {{Disambig Language and nationality disambiguation ...

– Kingdom of Bamum *

Banu Sulaym The Banu Sulaym ( ar, بنو سليم) is an Arab tribe that dominated part of the Hejaz in the pre-Islamic era. They maintained close ties with the Quraysh of Mecca and the inhabitants of Medina, and fought in a number of battles against the Is ...

* Bahmani – Bahmani Sultanate * Bastar – Bastar State * Benin – Benin Empire * Bengal – Sultanate of Bengal * Berar – Berar Sultanate * Bidar – Bidar Sultanate *

Bijapur Bijapur, officially known as Vijayapura, is the district headquarters of Bijapur district of the Karnataka state of India. It is also the headquarters for Bijapur Taluk. Bijapur city is well known for its historical monuments of architectural ...

– Adil Shahi dynasty of the Bijapur Sultanate * Bikaner * Bonoman * Borgu – Kingdom of Borgu * Bornu – Bornu Empire * Brunei – Bruneian Sultanate *

Buganda Buganda is a Bantu peoples, Bantu kingdom within Uganda. The kingdom of the Baganda, Baganda people, Buganda is the largest of the traditional kingdoms in present-day East Africa, consisting of Buganda's Districts of Uganda, Central Region, inclu ...

– Kingdom of Buganda * Bundi – Bundi State * Butua – Kingdom of Butua * Butuan – Rajahnate of Butuan * Bunyoro – Kingdom of Bunyoro-Kitara

C

* Caboloan * Cambodia *

Chamba Chamba may refer to: People *Gilberto Chamba (born 1961), Ecuadorian serial killer *Jessica Chamba (born 1981), European activist Places Ghana *Chamba, a town in the Northern Region India *Chamba (Vidhan Sabha constituency), Himachal Pradesh *Ch ...

– Chamba State *

Champa Champa (Cham: ꨌꩌꨛꨩ; km, ចាម្ប៉ា; vi, Chiêm Thành or ) were a collection of independent Cham polities that extended across the coast of what is contemporary central and southern Vietnam from approximately the 2nd cen ...

– Chăm Pa *

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...

– Empire of the Great Ming *

Chutiya The Chutia Kingdom (also Sadiya) was a late medieval state that developed around Sadiya in present Assam and adjoining areas in Arunachal Pradesh."(T)he Chutiyas seem to have assumed political power in Sadiya and contiguous areas falling ...

– Chutiya Kingdom * Circassia * Clandeboye *

Cospaia Cospaia is an Italian hamlet (''frazione'') of the comune of San Giustino in the Province of Perugia, Umbria. History The village was an independent republic from 1440 to 1826, when it was divided between the Grand Duchy of Tuscany and the Papa ...

- Republic of Cospaia * Cutch – Cutch State

D

* Damot – Kingdom of Damot * Đại Việt * Dawro – Kingdom of Dawro * Delhi – Delhi Sultanate * Demak – Sultanate of Demak * Denkyira *

Desmond Desmond or Desmond's may refer to: Arts and entertainment * ''Desmond'' (novel), 1792 novel by Charlotte Turner Smith * '' Desmond's'', 1990s British television sitcom Ireland * Kingdom of Desmond, medieval Irish kingdom * Earl of Desmond, Iris ...

– Kingdom of Desmond * Denmark – Kingdom of Denmark *

Dizak Dizak (), also known as Ktish after its main stronghold, was a medieval Armenian principality in the historical province of Artsakh and later one of the five melikdoms of Karabakh, which included the southern third of Khachen (present-day Nago ...

– Principality of Dizak *

Dulkadirids The Anatolian beylik of Dulkadir (Modern Turkish: ''Dulkadiroğulları Beyliği''), was one of the frontier principalities established by the Turkoman clans Bayat, Afshar and Begdili after the decline of Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm. Capitals ...

– Beylik of Dulkadir

E

* – Kingdom of England * Ethiopia – Ethiopian Empire

F

Fermanagh Historically, Fermanagh ( ga, Fir Manach), as opposed to the modern County Fermanagh, was a kingdom of Gaelic Ireland, associated geographically with present-day County Fermanagh. ''Fir Manach'' originally referred to a distinct kin group of al ...

* – Kingdom of France

G

* Gajapati – Gajapati dynasty, Odisha *

Garhwal Garhwal may refer to the following topics associated with Uttarakhand, India: Places *Garhwal Himalaya, a sub-range of the Himalayas *Garhwal Kingdom, a former kingdom * Garhwal District (British Garhwal), a former district of British India *Gar ...

– Kingdom of Garhwal * – Republic of Genoa * Gowa – Sultanate of Gowa *

Great Fulo The Empire of Great Fulo, also known as the Denanke Kingdom or Denianke Kingdom, was a Pulaar kingdom of Senegal, which dominated the Futa Tooro region. Its population dominated its neighbors through use of cavalry and fought wars against the Mal ...

– Empire of Great Fulo * Golden Horde – Golden Horde * Gujarat – Gujarat Sultanate

H

Hanthawaddy Bago (formerly spelt Pegu; , ), formerly known as Hanthawaddy, is a city and the capital of the Bago Region in Myanmar. It is located north-east of Yangon. Etymology The Burmese name Bago (ပဲခူး) is likely derived from the Mon langua ...

– Hanthawaddy Kingdom * Hausa Kingdoms * Hawwara * * Hungary – Kingdom of Hungary

I

Igala The International Gender and Language Association (IGALA), is an international interdisciplinary academic organization that promotes research on language, gender, and sexuality. Claire Maree is its current president. History The association was ...

– Kingdom of Igala *

Imereti Imereti (Georgian: იმერეთი) is a region of Georgia situated in the central-western part of the republic along the middle and upper reaches of the Rioni River. Imereti is the most populous region in Georgia. It consists of 11 municip ...

– Kingdom of Imereti * Inca – Inca Empire * Iroquois – Iroquois Confederacy

J

* Jaffna – Kingdom of Jaffna * Jailolo – Sultanate of Jailolo * Jaintia – Kingdom of Jaintia * Jaisalmer – Kingdom of Jaisalmer * Janjero – Kingdom of Janjero *

Japan Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north ...

– Ashikaga Shogunate * Jolof – Jolof Empire *

Joseon Joseon (; ; Middle Korean: 됴ᇢ〯션〮 Dyǒw syéon or 됴ᇢ〯션〯 Dyǒw syěon), officially the Great Joseon (; ), was the last dynastic kingdom of Korea, lasting just over 500 years. It was founded by Yi Seong-gye in July 1392 and re ...

– Kingdom of Great Joseon * Jumla – Kingdom of Jumla

K

Kabardia Grand Principality of Great Kabarda or East Circassia was a historical country in the North Caucasus corresponding partly to the modern Kabardino-Balkaria. It had better political organization than its neighbors and existed as a political commun ...

– Princedom of Kabardia * Kachari – Kingdom of Kachari * Kaffa – Kingdom of Kaffa *

Kakheti Kakheti ( ka, კახეთი ''K’akheti''; ) is a region (mkhare) formed in the 1990s in eastern Georgia from the historical province of Kakheti and the small, mountainous province of Tusheti. Telavi is its capital. The region comprises eigh ...

– Kingdom of Kakheti * Kakongo – Kingdom of Kakongo * Kalahandi – Kalahandi State * Kamata – Kingdom of Kamata * Kandy – Kingdom of Kandy * Kangleipak – Kangleipak State * Kangra – Kingdom of Kangra * Kanker – Kanker State * Kartli – Kingdom of Kartli *

Kashmir Kashmir () is the northernmost geographical region of the Indian subcontinent. Until the mid-19th century, the term "Kashmir" denoted only the Kashmir Valley between the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal Range. Today, the term encompas ...

– Shah Mir Dynasty of Kashmir *

Kazakh Kazakh, Qazaq or Kazakhstani may refer to: * Someone or something related to Kazakhstan *Kazakhs, an ethnic group *Kazakh language *The Kazakh Khanate * Kazakh cuisine * Qazakh Rayon, Azerbaijan *Qazax, Azerbaijan *Kazakh Uyezd, administrative dis ...

– Kazakh Khanate * Kazan – Khanate of Kazan * Khachen – Principality of Khachen *

Kilwa Kilwa Kisiwani (English: ''Kilwa Island'') is an island, national historic site, and hamlet community located in the township of Kilwa Masoko, the district seat of Kilwa District in the Tanzanian region of Lindi Region in southern Tanzania. K ...

– Kilwa Sultanate * Knights Hospitaller – Order of Saint John *

Kongo Congo or The Congo may refer to either of two countries that border the Congo River in central Africa: * Democratic Republic of the Congo, the larger country to the southeast, capital Kinshasa, formerly known as Zaire, sometimes referred to a ...

– Kingdom of Kongo * – Kingdom of Kotte * Kumaon – Kingdom of Kumaon * Kutai – Kutai Kartanegara Sultanate * Kwararafa – Kwararafa Confederacy

L

* Ladakh – Namgyal dynasty of Ladakh *

Lan Na The Lan Na Kingdom ( nod, , , "Kingdom of a Million Rice Fields"; th, อาณาจักรล้านนา, , ), also known as Lannathai, and most commonly called Lanna or Lanna Kingdom, was an Indianized state centered in present-day ...

– Lanna Kingdom * Lan Xang *

Lithuania Lithuania (; lt, Lietuva ), officially the Republic of Lithuania ( lt, Lietuvos Respublika, links=no ), is a country in the Baltic region of Europe. It is one of three Baltic states and lies on the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea. Lithuania ...

– Grand Duchy of Lithuania * Luwu – Kingdom of Luwu

M

* Madja-as – Confederation of Madja-as * Magh Luirg *

Majapahit Majapahit ( jv, ꦩꦗꦥꦲꦶꦠ꧀; ), also known as Wilwatikta ( jv, ꦮꦶꦭ꧀ꦮꦠꦶꦏ꧀ꦠ; ), was a Javanese people, Javanese Hinduism, Hindu-Buddhism, Buddhist thalassocracy, thalassocratic empire in Southeast Asia that was ba ...

– Majapahit Empire *

Malacca Malacca ( ms, Melaka) is a state in Malaysia located in the southern region of the Malay Peninsula, next to the Strait of Malacca. Its capital is Malacca City, dubbed the Historic City, which has been listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site si ...

– The Malay Sultanate of Malacca * Maldives – Sultanate of the Maldives * Mali – Mali Empire * Malwa – Malwa Sultanate * Mamluk – Mamluk Sultanate of Cairo * Mandara – Kingdom of Mandara *

Mankessim Mankessim is a town in the Central Region of Ghana, West Africa. It is approximately 75 km west of Accra, on the main road to Sekondi-Takoradi. It is the traditional headquarters of the Fante ethnic group of Ghana. Mankessim's history is ...

– Kingdom of Mankessim *

Maravi Maravi was a kingdom which straddled the current borders of Malawi, Mozambique, and Zambia, in the 16th century. The present-day name " Maláŵi" is said to derive from the Chewa word "malaŵí", which means "flames". History At its greatest ex ...

– Kingdom of Maravi * Marwar – Kingdom of Marwar *

Mayas The Maya peoples () are an ethnolinguistic group of indigenous peoples of Mesoamerica. The ancient Maya civilization was formed by members of this group, and today's Maya are generally descended from people who lived within that historical reg ...

– Maya civilization * Maynila – Kingdom of Maynila * Medri Bahri – Land of the Sea *

Mewar Mewar or Mewad is a region in the south-central part of Rajasthan state of India. It includes the present-day districts of Bhilwara, Chittorgarh, Pratapgarh, Rajsamand, Udaipur, Pirawa Tehsil of Jhalawar District of Rajasthan, Neemuch and Man ...

– Mewar Kingdom *

Mewat Mewat is a historical region of Haryana and Rajasthan states in northwestern India. The loose boundaries of Mewat generally include Hathin tehsil and Nuh district of Haryana, Alwar (Tijara, Kishangarh, Bas, Ramgarh, Laxmangarh, Kathumar tehsil ...

– Mewat State * Moghulistan * Morocco – Wattasid dynasty of Morocco * Mossi Kingdoms * Mrauk U – Kingdom of Mrauk U *

Muisca Confederation The Muisca Confederation was a loose confederation of different Muisca rulers (''zaques'', ''zipas'', '' iraca'', and ''tundama'') in the central Andean highlands of present-day Colombia before the Spanish conquest of northern South America. The ...

Muscovy Muscovy is an alternative name for the Grand Duchy of Moscow (1263–1547) and the Tsardom of Russia (1547–1721). It may also refer to: *Muscovy Company, an English trading company chartered in 1555 * Muscovy duck (''Cairina moschata'') and Domes ...

– Grand Duchy of Muscovy * Mustang – Kingdom of Mustang *

Mutapa The Kingdom of Mutapa – sometimes referred to as the Mutapa Empire, Mwenemutapa, ( sn, Mwene we Mutapa, pt, Monomotapa) – was an African kingdom in Zimbabwe, which expanded to what is now modern-day Mozambique. The Portuguese term ''Mono ...

– Kingdom of Mutapa

N

* Namayan - Kingdom of Namayan * – Kingdom of Naples *

Navarre Navarre (; es, Navarra ; eu, Nafarroa ), officially the Chartered Community of Navarre ( es, Comunidad Foral de Navarra, links=no ; eu, Nafarroako Foru Komunitatea, links=no ), is a foral autonomous community and province in northern Spain, ...

– Kingdom of Navarre * Nepal – Malla dynasty of Nepal * Nogai – Nogai Horde *

Noli Noli (; lij, Nöi ) is a coast ''comune'' of Liguria, Italy, in the Province of Savona, it is about southwest of Genoa by rail, about above sea-level. The origin of the name may come from ''Neapolis'', meaning "new city" in Greek. From 1192 ...

– Republic of Noli *

Nri NRI or Nri may refer to : * Kingdom of Nri, an Igbo kingdom that flourished between the 10th century and early 20th century * National Radio Institute, a now defunct post-secondary vocational correspondence school * National Resources Inventory * N ...

– Kingdom of Nri * Nupe – Kingdom of Nupe

O

* Oirat – Four Oirat * Oman – Imamate of Oman * Osraige * Ottoman Empire *

Oyo Oyo can refer to: Places Nigeria * Oyo Empire, a former Yoruba state that covered parts of Nigeria and Benin, or the capital city * Oyo State, a present-day state of Nigeria named after the Oyo Empire * Oyo, Oyo State, a city founded in the 18 ...

– Oyo Empire

P

* Pagaruyung – Kingdom of Pagaruyung * * Patna – Patna State * Poland – Kingdom of Poland * – Kingdom of Portugal * Prome – Kingdom of Prome *

Pskov Pskov ( rus, Псков, a=pskov-ru.ogg, p=pskof; see also names in other languages) is a city in northwestern Russia and the administrative center of Pskov Oblast, located about east of the Estonian border, on the Velikaya River. Population ...

– Republic of Pskov

R

* – Republic of Ragusa * Ramazanids – Emirate of Ramadan * Rapa Nui – Kingdom of Rapa Nui *

Rwanda Rwanda (; rw, u Rwanda ), officially the Republic of Rwanda, is a landlocked country in the Great Rift Valley of Central Africa, where the African Great Lakes region and Southeast Africa converge. Located a few degrees south of the Equator ...

– Kingdom of Rwanda * Ryazan – Principality of Ryazan * Ryukyu – Ryukyu Kingdom

S

* Saloum – Kingdom of Saloum * Samtskhe – Samtskhe Atabegate * Samudera Pasai – Samudera Pasai Sultanate * San Marino – Republic of San Marino * Saudeleur – Saudeleur dynasty * Scotland – Kingdom of Scotland *

Senarica Senarica is a village in the Abruzzo region of central Italy. With a population of fewer than 300 people, Senarica was an independent republic for about four centuries until the end of the eighteenth century. It was the smallest state to maintain ...

– Senarica Republic * Shan States *

Shewa Shewa ( am, ሸዋ; , om, Shawaa), formerly romanized as Shua, Shoa, Showa, Shuwa (''Scioà'' in Italian language, Italian), is a historical region of Ethiopia which was formerly an autonomous monarchy, kingdom within the Ethiopian Empire. The ...

– Sultanate of Shewa * Shilluk – Shilluk Kingdom * Sibir – Khanate of Sibir *

Sindh Sindh (; ; ur, , ; historically romanized as Sind) is one of the four provinces of Pakistan. Located in the southeastern region of the country, Sindh is the third-largest province of Pakistan by land area and the second-largest province ...

– Samma dynasty of Sindh * Songhai – Songhai Empire * Suket – Suket State *

Sunda Sunda may refer to: Europe * Sunda, Faroe Islands India * Sunda (asura), an asura brother of Upasunda * Sunda (clan), a clan (gotra) of Jats in Haryana and Rajasthan, India Southeast Asia * Sundanese (disambiguation) ** Sundanese people ...

– Kingdom of Sunda *

Sweden Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden,The United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names states that the country's formal name is the Kingdom of SwedenUNGEGN World Geographical Names, Sweden./ref> is a Nordic country located on ...

– Kingdom of Sweden

T

* Tarascan state * Ternate – Sultanate of Ternate * Teutonic Knights – State of the Teutonic Order * Thomond – Kingdom of Thomond * Tibet, Phagmodrupa – Phagmodrupa dynasty of Tibet * Tibet, Rinpungpa – Rinpungpa dynasty of Tibet * Tidore – Sultanate of Tidore * Timurid Empire * Tlaxcala – Confederacy of Tlaxcala * Tlemcen – Zayyanid Kingdom of Tlemcen * Tondo – Tundun * Tonga – Tu'i Tonga Empire * Tunjurs – Tunjur Kingdom * Tunis – Sultanate of Tunis * Tyrconnell * Tyrone * Twipra – Kingdom of Twipra

U

Uí Maine U or u, is the twenty-first and sixth-to-last letter and fifth vowel letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is ''u'' (pro ...

* Usfurids – Usfurid dynasty

V

Venice Venice ( ; it, Venezia ; vec, Venesia or ) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto Regions of Italy, region. It is built on a group of 118 small islands that are separated by canals and linked by over 400 ...

– Most Serene Republic of Venice * Vijayanagara – Vijayanagara Empire

W

* Warsangali – Warsangali Sultanate *

Wehali Wehali (''Wehale'', ''Waihali'', ''Veale'') is the name of a traditional kingdom at the southern coast of Central Timor, now in the Republic of Indonesia. It is often mentioned together with its neighbouring sister kingdom, as Wewiku-Wehali (Waiwi ...

– Sultanate of Wehali * Welayta – Kingdom of Welayta

Y

* Yemen – Tahirid dynasty of Yemen * Yuan – Northern Yuan

Z

* Zapotec – Zapotec Empire

Holy Roman Empire

The Holy Roman Empire was a highly decentralized collection of polities.Lonnie R. Johnson, ''Central Europe: Enemies, Neighbors, Friends'' (1996), Oxford University Press
p. 23
A comprehensive list of all of its anachronistic components has been made at List of states in the Holy Roman Empire, and would be much too large to fit here. * Austria – Archduchy of Austria * Bavaria – Duchy of Bavaria *

Bohemia Bohemia ( ; cs, Čechy ; ; hsb, Čěska; szl, Czechy) is the westernmost and largest historical region of the Czech Republic. Bohemia can also refer to a wider area consisting of the historical Lands of the Bohemian Crown ruled by the Bohem ...

– Kingdom of Bohemia * Brandenburg – Margraviate of Brandenburg * Electoral Palatinate – County Palatine of the Rhine * – Republic of Florence * Lorraine – Duchy of Lorraine * – Duchy of Savoy * Saxony – Electorate of Saxony *

Switzerland ). Swiss law does not designate a ''capital'' as such, but the federal parliament and government are installed in Bern, while other federal institutions, such as the federal courts, are in other cities (Bellinzona, Lausanne, Luzern, Neuchâtel ...

– Swiss Confederacy

Crowns and Unions

Crowns were composite monarchies composed of multiple countries under one ruler. * *

Polish–Lithuanian union Polish–Lithuanian can refer to: * Polish–Lithuanian union (1385–1569) * Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569–1795) * Polish-Lithuanian identity as used to describe groups, families, or individuals with histories in the Polish–Lithuanian ...

* Spain **

– Crown of Aragon :* – Crown of Castile

Non-Sovereign Territories

England

* Wales – Principality of Wales

Gujarat

* Khandesh – Faruqi dynasty of the Khandesh Sultanate

Imereti

Guria Guria ( ka, გურია) is a region (''mkhare'') in Georgia, in the western part of the country, bordered by the eastern end of the Black Sea. The region has a population of 113,000 (2016), with Ozurgeti as the regional capital. Geography ...

– Principality of Guria * Svaneti – Principality of Svaneti

Ottoman Empire

* Crimean Khanate – Crimean Khanate * – Principality of Wallachia

Poland

* – Principality of Moldavia

Portugal

* Azores * Brazil * Ceuta *

Portuguese Gold Coast The Portuguese Gold Coast was a Portuguese colony on the West African Gold Coast (present-day Ghana) along the Gulf of Guinea. Established in 1482, the colony was officially incorporated into Dutch territory in 1642 following Portugal’s defea ...

* Portuguese Mozambique *

Príncipe Príncipe is the smaller, northern major island of the country of São Tomé and Príncipe lying off the west coast of Africa in the Gulf of Guinea. It has an area of (including offshore islets) and a population of 7,324 at the 2012 Census;

* São Tomé * Tangier

Spain (Crown of Castile and Crown of Aragon)

Canary Islands The Canary Islands (; es, Canarias, ), also known informally as the Canaries, are a Spanish autonomous community and archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean, in Macaronesia. At their closest point to the African mainland, they are west of Morocc ...

– Kingdom of the Canary Islands * Mellila – Mellila

Sunda

* Cirebon – Sultanate of Cirebon

Vijayanagara

* Calicut – Kingdom of Kozhikode * Mysore – Kingdom of Mysore

References

{{Reflist 1500 Lists of sovereign states by century 16th century-related lists