This is a list of rulers of Bengal. For much of its history,

Bengal Bengal ( ; bn, বাংলা/বঙ্গ, translit=Bānglā/Bôngô, ) is a geopolitical, cultural and historical region in South Asia, specifically in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent at the apex of the Bay of Bengal, predom ...

was split up into several independent kingdoms, completely unifying only several times. In

ancient times Ancient history is a time period from the beginning of writing and recorded human history to as far as late antiquity. The span of recorded history is roughly 5,000 years, beginning with the Sumerian cuneiform script. Ancient history cov ...

, Bengal consisted of the kingdoms of

Pundra Pundravardhana or Pundra Kingdom ( sa, Puṇḍravardhana), was an ancient kingdom during the Iron Age period in India with a territory that included parts of present-day Rajshahi and Rangpur Divisions of Bangladesh as well as the West Dinaj ...

, Suhma, Vanga,

Samatata Samataṭa (Brahmi script: ''sa-ma-ta-ṭa'') was an ancient geopolitical division of Bengal in the eastern Indian subcontinent. The Greco-Roman account of ''Sounagoura'' is linked to the kingdom of Samatata. Its territory corresponded to much ...

and

Harikela Harikela () was an ancient empire located in the eastern region of the Indian subcontinent. Originally, it was a neighboring independent and independent township of ancient East Bengal, which had a continuous existence of about 500 years. The s ...

. In the 4th century BCE, during the reign of the

Nanda Empire The Nanda dynasty ruled in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent during the fourth century BCE, and possibly during the fifth century BCE. The Nandas overthrew the Shaishunaga dynasty in the Magadha region of eastern India, and expanded ...

, the powerful rulers of

Gangaridai Gangaridai ( gr, Γανγαρίδαι; Latin: ''Gangaridae'') is a term used by the ancient Greco-Roman writers (1st century BCE-2nd century AD) to describe a people or a geographical region of the ancient Indian subcontinent. Some of these wri ...

sent their forces with the

war elephant A war elephant was an elephant that was trained and guided by humans for combat. The war elephant's main use was to charge the enemy, break their ranks and instill terror and fear. Elephantry is a term for specific military units using elepha ...

s which led the withdrawal of

Alexander the Great Alexander III of Macedon ( grc, Ἀλέξανδρος, Alexandros; 20/21 July 356 BC – 10/11 June 323 BC), commonly known as Alexander the Great, was a king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon. He succeeded his father Philip II to ...

from the

Indian subcontinent The Indian subcontinent is a physiographical region in Southern Asia. It is situated on the Indian Plate, projecting southwards into the Indian Ocean from the Himalayas. Geopolitically, it includes the countries of Bangladesh, Bhutan, In ...

. As a province of the

Mauryan Empire The Maurya Empire, or the Mauryan Empire, was a geographically extensive Iron Age historical power in the Indian subcontinent based in Magadha, having been founded by Chandragupta Maurya in 322 BCE, and existing in loose-knit fashion until ...

, much of Bengal was part of it except for the far eastern Bengali kingdoms which maintained friendly relationships with

Ashoka Ashoka (, ; also ''Asoka''; 304 – 232 BCE), popularly known as Ashoka the Great, was the third emperor of the Maurya Empire of Indian subcontinent during to 232 BCE. His empire covered a large part of the Indian subcontinent, s ...

. The kingdoms of Bengal continued to exist as tributary states before succumbing to the

Guptas The Gupta Empire was an ancient Indian empire which existed from the early 4th century CE to late 6th century CE. At its zenith, from approximately 319 to 467 CE, it covered much of the Indian subcontinent. This period is considered as the Gold ...

. With the fall of the

Gupta Empire The Gupta Empire was an ancient Indian empire which existed from the early 4th century CE to late 6th century CE. At its zenith, from approximately 319 to 467 CE, it covered much of the Indian subcontinent. This period is considered as the Gold ...

, Bengal was united under a single local ruler, King

Shashanka Shashanka (IAST: Śaśāṃka) was the first independent king of a unified polity in the Bengal region, called the Gauda Kingdom and is a major figure in Bengali history. He reigned in the 7th century, some historians place his rule between cir ...

, for the first time. With the collapse of his kingdom, Bengal split up into petty kingdoms once more. With the rise of

Gopala Gopala (Bangla: গোপাল) (ruled c. 750s–770s CE) was the founder of the Pala dynasty of Bihar and Bengal regions of the Indian Subcontinent. The last morpheme of his name ''Pala'' means "protector" and was used as an ending for the nam ...

in 750 AD, Bengal was united once more under the Hindu Buddhist

Pala Empire The Pāla Empire (r. 750-1161 CE) was an imperial power during the post-classical period in the Indian subcontinent, which originated in the region of Bengal. It is named after its ruling dynasty, whose rulers bore names ending with the suffi ...

.The Pala period is considered as one of golden eras of bengali history as it brought stability and prosperity to Bengal after centuries of Civil War, created outstanding works of art and architecture ,proto- bengali language develop under them including its first literary work, the Charyapada and so on .Until the 12th century than being succeeded by the Hindu Chandra dynasty,

Sena dynasty The Sena dynasty was a Hindu dynasty during the early medieval period on the Indian subcontinent, that ruled from Bengal through the 11th and 12th centuries. The empire at its peak covered much of the north-eastern region of the Indian subcont ...

and deva dynasty. The rule of deva dynasty was a period ofpeace,propersity and creative excellence and may be designed as "golden age" After them, Bengal was ruled by the Hindu Maharajas of kingdoms such as Chandradwip and Cooch Behar. In the early 13th century,

Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji Ikhtiyār al-Dīn Muḥammad Bakhtiyār Khaljī, (Pashto :اختيار الدين محمد بختيار غلزۍ, fa, اختیارالدین محمد بختیار خلجی, bn, ইখতিয়ারউদ্দীন মুহম্মদ � ...

conquered Western and part of Northern Bengal, and established the first Muslim kingdom in Bengal. The Islamic

Mamluk Sultanate The Mamluk Sultanate ( ar, سلطنة المماليك, translit=Salṭanat al-Mamālīk), also known as Mamluk Egypt or the Mamluk Empire, was a state that ruled Egypt, the Levant and the Hejaz (western Arabia) from the mid-13th to early 16t ...

, the

Khalji dynasty The Khalji or Khilji (Pashto: ; Persian: ) dynasty was a Turco-Afghan dynasty which ruled the Delhi sultanate, covering large parts of the Indian subcontinent for nearly three decades between 1290 and 1320.Tughlaq dynasty The Tughlaq dynasty ( fa, ), also referred to as Tughluq or Tughluk dynasty, was a Muslim dynasty of Indo- Turkic origin which ruled over the Delhi sultanate in medieval India. Its reign started in 1320 in Delhi when Ghazi Malik assumed the ...

, the

Sayyid dynasty The Sayyid dynasty was the fourth dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate, with four rulers ruling from 1414 to 1451. Founded by Khizr Khan, a former governor of Multan, they succeeded the Tughlaq dynasty and ruled the sultanate as a vassal of the Ti ...

and the

Lodi dynasty The Lodi dynasty ( ps, لودي سلسله; fa, سلسله لودی) was an Afghan dynasty that ruled the Delhi Sultanate from 1451 to 1526. It was the fifth and final dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate, and was founded by Bahlul Khan Lodi when he ...

ruled Bengal for over 320 years. Notable was Malik Altunia's reign with his wife Razia Sultana, the only female sovereign ruler. Following

Delhi Sultanate The Delhi Sultanate was an Islamic empire based in Delhi that stretched over large parts of the Indian subcontinent for 320 years (1206–1526).

's reign, the

Bengal Sultanate The Sultanate of Bengal ( Middle Bengali: শাহী বাঙ্গালা ''Shahī Baṅgala'', Classical Persian: ''Saltanat-e-Bangālah'') was an empire based in Bengal for much of the 14th, 15th and 16th centuries. It was the domina ...

, a major

trading nation A trading nation (also known as a trade-dependent economy, or an export-oriented economy) is a country where international trade makes up a large percentage of its economy. Smaller nations (by population) tend to be more trade-dependent than larg ...

in the world, was founded by

Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah Haji Ilyas, better known as Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah ( bn, শামসুদ্দীন ইলিয়াস শাহ, fa, ), was the founder of the Sultanate of Bengal and its inaugural Ilyas Shahi dynasty which ruled the region for 150 ye ...

, and ruled by the Ilyas Shahi dynasty, succeeded by the Hussain Shahi dynasty founded by

Alauddin Husain Shah Ala-ud-din Husain Shah ( bn, আলাউদ্দিন হোসেন শাহ (1494–1519)Majumdar, R.C. (ed.) (2006). ''The Delhi Sultanate'', Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, pp.215-20 was an independent late medieval Sultan of Bengal, who ...

, which saw the extension of the sultanate to the port of

Chittagong Chittagong ( /ˈtʃɪt əˌɡɒŋ/ ''chit-uh-gong''; ctg, চিটাং; bn, চিটাগং), officially Chattogram ( bn, চট্টগ্রাম), is the second-largest city in Bangladesh after Dhaka and third largest city in ...

, witnessing the arrival of the earliest Portuguese merchants. After being absorbed to the

Bengal Subah The Bengal Subah ( bn, সুবাহ বাংলা; fa, ), also referred to as Mughal Bengal ( bn, মোগল বাংলা), was the largest subdivision of the Mughal Empire (and later an independent state under the Nawabs of Be ...

Babur Babur ( fa, , lit= tiger, translit= Bābur; ; 14 February 148326 December 1530), born Mīrzā Zahīr ud-Dīn Muhammad, was the founder of the Mughal Empire in the Indian subcontinent. He was a descendant of Timur and Genghis Khan through hi ...

in the 16th century during the defeat of

Sultan Sultan (; ar, سلطان ', ) is a position with several historical meanings. Originally, it was an Arabic abstract noun meaning "strength", "authority", "rulership", derived from the verbal noun ', meaning "authority" or "power". Later, it c ...

Nasiruddin Nasrat Shah in the

Battle of Ghaghra The Battle of Ghaghra, fought in 1529, was a great battle for the conquest of India by the Mughal Empire. It followed the first Battle of Panipat in 1526 and the Battle of Khanwa in 1527. The forces of Mughal Emperor Babur of the emerging Mughal ...

, Bengal became the most economically advanced region in the world, and started to be ruled by the

Subahdar Subahdar, also known as Nazim or in English as a "Subah", was one of the designations of a governor of a Subah (province) during the Khalji dynasty of Bengal, Mamluk dynasty (Delhi), Khalji dynasty, Tughlaq dynasty, Mughal era ( of India who ...

s of the

Mughal Empire The Mughal Empire was an early-modern empire that controlled much of South Asia between the 16th and 19th centuries. Quote: "Although the first two Timurid emperors and many of their noblemen were recent migrants to the subcontinent, the d ...

. Emperor

Akbar Abu'l-Fath Jalal-ud-din Muhammad Akbar (25 October 1542 – 27 October 1605), popularly known as Akbar the Great ( fa, ), and also as Akbar I (), was the third Mughal emperor, who reigned from 1556 to 1605. Akbar succeeded his father, Hum ...

began to preach the newly invented religion of

Din-i Ilahi The Dīn-i-Ilāhī ( fa, , ), known during its time as Tawḥīd-i-Ilāhī ("Divine Monotheism", ) or Divine Faith, was a new syncretic religion or spiritual leadership program propounded by the Mughal emperor Akbar in 1582, intending to merge ...

, which was declared by the

Qadi A qāḍī ( ar, قاضي, Qāḍī; otherwise transliterated as qazi, cadi, kadi, or kazi) is the magistrate or judge of a '' sharīʿa'' court, who also exercises extrajudicial functions such as mediation, guardianship over orphans and mino ...

of Bengal to be a

blasphemy Blasphemy is a speech crime and religious crime usually defined as an utterance that shows contempt, disrespects or insults a deity, an object considered sacred or something considered inviolable. Some religions regard blasphemy as a religio ...

. Islam Khan I declared

Dhaka Dhaka ( or ; bn, ঢাকা, Ḍhākā, ), List of renamed places in Bangladesh, formerly known as Dacca, is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Bangladesh, largest city of Bangladesh, as well as the world's largest ...

as the capital of Bengal, which was then known as

Jahangir Nagar Jahangir Nagar () is the former name of Dhaka, Bangladesh. It was named after Mughal Emperor Jahangir. Name In 1608, Dhaka was announced by ''Subedar Islam Khan'' as the capital of '' Mughal Bangla''. He christened it as ''Jahangir Nagar'' (City ...

, renamed after emperor

Jahangir Nur-ud-Din Muhammad Salim (30 August 1569 – 28 October 1627), known by his imperial name Jahangir (; ), was the fourth Mughal Emperor, who ruled from 1605 until he died in 1627. He was named after the Indian Sufi saint, Salim Chishti. Ear ...

. The reign of prince

Shah Shuja Shāh Shujā' ( fa, شاه شجاع, meaning: ''brave king'') may refer to the following: * Shah Shoja Mozaffari, the 14th-century Muzaffarid ruler of Southern Iran *Shah Shuja (Mughal prince) (1616-1661), the second son of Shah Jahan *Shah Shujah ...

under emperor

Shah Jahan Shihab-ud-Din Muhammad Khurram (5 January 1592 – 22 January 1666), better known by his regnal name Shah Jahan I (; ), was the fifth emperor of the Mughal Empire, reigning from January 1628 until July 1658. Under his emperorship, the Mugha ...

's orders represented the height of Mughal architecture. After the decline of the Mughal Empire, the

Nawabs of Bengal and Murshidabad The Nawab of Bengal ( bn, বাংলার নবাব) was the hereditary ruler of Bengal Subah in Mughal India. In the early 18th-century, the Nawab of Bengal was the ''de facto'' independent ruler of the three regions of Bengal, Bihar, a ...

ruled over Bengal and

Odisha Odisha (English: , ), formerly Orissa ( the official name until 2011), is an Indian state located in Eastern India. It is the 8th largest state by area, and the 11th largest by population. The state has the third largest population of ...

. Nawab Alivardi Khan came victorious against the

Maratha Empire The Maratha Empire, also referred to as the Maratha Confederacy, was an early modern Indian confederation that came to dominate much of the Indian subcontinent in the 18th century. Maratha rule formally began in 1674 with the coronation of Sh ...

in the

Battle of Burdwan The Battle of Burdwan occurred between the Nawab of Bengal and Maratha empire in 1747. After the dismissal of Mir Jafar by Alivardi Khan, an army was amassed to defend against the invading Maratha forces of Janoji Bhonsle at Orissa. Alivardi ...

. Following the

Battle of Plassey The Battle of Plassey was a decisive victory of the British East India Company over the Nawab of Bengal and his French allies on 23 June 1757, under the leadership of Robert Clive. The victory was made possible by the defection of Mir Jafar ...

and the execution of

Siraj ud-Daulah Mirza Muhammad Siraj-ud-Daulah ( fa, ; 1733 – 2 July 1757), commonly known as Siraj-ud-Daulah or Siraj ud-Daula, was the last independent Nawab of Bengal. The end of his reign marked the start of the rule of the East India Company over Beng ...

, the

East India Company The East India Company (EIC) was an English, and later British, joint-stock company founded in 1600 and dissolved in 1874. It was formed to trade in the Indian Ocean region, initially with the East Indies (the Indian subcontinent and Sou ...

formally established control over Bengal, and the

Bengal Presidency The Bengal Presidency, officially the Presidency of Fort William and later Bengal Province, was a subdivision of the British Empire in India. At the height of its territorial jurisdiction, it covered large parts of what is now South Asia an ...

was established by

Robert Clive Robert Clive, 1st Baron Clive, (29 September 1725 – 22 November 1774), also known as Clive of India, was the first British Governor of the Bengal Presidency. Clive has been widely credited for laying the foundation of the British ...

, with the subdivision remaining the economic, cultural and educational hub of the

Company A company, abbreviated as co., is a legal entity representing an association of people, whether natural, legal or a mixture of both, with a specific objective. Company members share a common purpose and unite to achieve specific, declared ...

and the Raj. The position of the

Prime Minister of Bengal The Prime Minister of Bengal was the head of government of Bengal Province and the Leader of the House in the Bengal Legislative Assembly in British India. The position was dissolved upon the Partition of Bengal in 1947. History The office was ...

was established in 1937, being held by

A. K. Fazlul Huq Abul Kasem Fazlul Huq ( bn, আবুল কাশেম ফজলুল হক, ur, ; 26October 1873 — 27 April 1962), popularly known as Sher-e-Bangla (''Lion of Bengal''), was a British Indian and Pakistani lawyer and writer who present ...

and

Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy ( bn, হোসেন শহীদ সোহ্‌রাওয়ার্দী; ur, ; 8 September 18925 December 1963) was a Bengali barrister and politician. He served as the Prime Minister of Pakistan from 1956 ...

. After the

Indian independence movement The Indian independence movement was a series of historic events with the ultimate aim of ending British rule in India. It lasted from 1857 to 1947. The first nationalistic revolutionary movement for Indian independence emerged from Bengal ...

and

Partition of Bengal (1947) The Partition of Bengal in 1947, part of the Partition of India, divided the British Indian province of Bengal based on the Radcliffe Line between the Dominion of India and the Dominion of Pakistan. The Hindu-majority West Bengal became a st ...

, the

West Bengal West Bengal (, Bengali: ''Poshchim Bongo'', , abbr. WB) is a state in the eastern portion of India. It is situated along the Bay of Bengal, along with a population of over 91 million inhabitants within an area of . West Bengal is the fou ...

became a major state of the

Republic of India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area, the List of countries and dependencies by population, second-most populous ...

, while the Muslim majority

East Bengal ur, , common_name = East Bengal , status = Province of the Dominion of Pakistan , p1 = Bengal Presidency , flag_p1 = Flag of British Bengal.svg , s1 = Ea ...

became known as

East Pakistan East Pakistan was a Pakistani province established in 1955 by the One Unit Policy, renaming the province as such from East Bengal, which, in modern times, is split between India and Bangladesh. Its land borders were with India and Myanmar, wit ...

. In 1971 East Bengal became an independent nation,

Bangladesh Bangladesh (}, ), officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh, is a country in South Asia. It is the eighth-most populous country in the world, with a population exceeding 165 million people in an area of . Bangladesh is among the mo ...

, following the

Bangladesh Liberation War The Bangladesh Liberation War ( bn, মুক্তিযুদ্ধ, , also known as the Bangladesh War of Independence, or simply the Liberation War in Bangladesh) was a revolution and armed conflict sparked by the rise of the Bengali ...

, governed by

Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Sheikh Mujibur Rahman ( bn, শেখ মুজিবুর রহমান; 17 March 1920 – 15 August 1975), often shortened as Sheikh Mujib or Mujib and widely known as Bangabandhu (meaning ''Friend of Bengal''), was a Bengali politi ...

Ziaur Rahman Lt. General Ziaur Rahman (19 January 1936 – 30 May 1981), was a Bangladeshi military officer and politician who served as the President of Bangladesh from 1977 to 1981. He was assassinated on 30 May 1981 in Chittagong in an army coup ...

and

Hussain Muhammad Ershad Lt. Gen. Hussain Muhammad Ershad ( bn, হুসেইন মুহাম্মদ এরশাদ; 1 February 1930 – 14 July 2019) was a Bangladeshi Army Chief politician who served as the President of Bangladesh from 1983 to 1990, a time m ...

Ancient Bengal

Ancient Geopolitical divisions

The founders of Angas, Vangas, Kalingas, Pundras, Odras and Suhmas shared a common ancestry. They were all adopted sons of a king named

Bali Bali () is a province of Indonesia and the westernmost of the Lesser Sunda Islands. East of Java and west of Lombok, the province includes the island of Bali and a few smaller neighbouring islands, notably Nusa Penida, Nusa Lembongan, and ...

, born by a sage named Gautama Dirghatamas, who lived in

Magadha Magadha was a region and one of the sixteen sa, script=Latn, Mahajanapadas, label=none, lit=Great Kingdoms of the Second Urbanization (600–200 BCE) in what is now south Bihar (before expansion) at the eastern Ganges Plain. Magadha was rul ...

close to the city of Girivraja. ;Bengal from c. 1100 to c. 600 BCE Late Vedic Culture (1100-500 BCE)

;Bengal from c. 600 to c. 350 BCE Mahajanapadas (c

;Bengal in c. 350 BCE Nanda Empire, c

Anga kingdom (c. 1100 – 530 BCE)

The earliest mention occurs in the

Atharvaveda The Atharva Veda (, ' from ' and ''veda'', meaning "knowledge") is the "knowledge storehouse of ''atharvāṇas'', the procedures for everyday life".Laurie Patton (2004), Veda and Upanishad, in ''The Hindu World'' (Editors: Sushil Mittal and G ...

(V.22.14) where they are listed alongside the Magadhas, Gandharis and the Mujavatas. Anga was annexed by Magadha in the time of Bimbisara. This was the one and only conquest of Bimbisara. Known Anga rulers are- * Maharaj Anga - (founder of the kingdom and son of King

) *

Romapada Romapada (IAST: Romapāda), also known Chitraratha and Lomapada, was a king of Anga, and the adoptive father of Shanta in the Hindu epic ''Ramayana''. Early life Romapada was the youngest son of the Yadava king Vidarbha. Vidarbha had many sons ...

* Brihadratha * Angaraj Karna * Vrishaketu - (son of Karna) * Tamralipta * Lomapada * Chitraratha * Vrihadratha * Vasuhoma * Dhatarattha * Dhadivahana * Brahmadatta - (last king of Anga kingdom)

Vanga kingdom (c. 1100 – 340 BCE)

Vanga was an ancient kingdom and geopolitical division on the Ganges delta. It was located in southern Bengal, with the core region including present-day southwestern

and southern

(

India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area, the List of countries and dependencies by population, second-most populous ...

). Known Vanga rulers are: * Samudrasena * Chadrasena * Karna * Bhagabhatta

Pundra kingdom (c. 1100 – 340 BCE)

Pundravardhana or Pundra Kingdom, was an ancient kingdom, that included parts of present-day

Rajshahi Rajshahi ( bn, রাজশাহী, ) is a metropolitan city and a major urban, commercial and educational centre of Bangladesh. It is also the administrative seat of the eponymous division and district. Located on the north bank of the P ...

and

Rangpur Division Rangpur Division ( bn, রংপুর বিভাগ) is one of the Divisions in Bangladesh. It was formed on 25 January 2010, as Bangladesh's 7th division. Before that, it was under Rajshahi Division. The Rangpur division consists of eight d ...

s of

as well as the West Dinajpur district of

.Hossain, Md. Mosharraf, ''Mahasthan: Anecdote to History'', 2006, pp. 69–73, Dibyaprakash, 38/2 ka Bangla Bazar, Dhaka, Known Pundra rulers are: *

Paundraka Vasudeva Paundraka Vāsudēva is a king appearing in the Bhagawat Purana. According to it, he was the king of Pundra Kingdom. Some sources state he was an ally of both Jarasandha, the king of Magadha and Shakuni, the king of the Gandhara Kingdom. He was ...

Suhma kingdom (c. 1100 – 340 BCE)

Suhma Kingdom was an ancient state during the

Vedic period The Vedic period, or the Vedic age (), is the period in the late Bronze Age and early Iron Age of the history of India when the Vedic literature, including the Vedas (ca. 1300–900 BCE), was composed in the northern Indian subcontinent, betwe ...

on the eastern part of the

.This kingdom was mentioned in the epic

Mahabharata The ''Mahābhārata'' ( ; sa, महाभारतम्, ', ) is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India in Hinduism, the other being the '' Rāmāyaṇa''. It narrates the struggle between two groups of cousins in the K ...

along with its neighbouring kingdom ''Prasuhma''.

Videha dynasty of Mithila (Tirabhukti) (c. 1100 – 700 BCE)

Tirabhukti or Mithila region is bounded by the

Mahananda River The Mahananda River (Pron:/ˌməhɑːˈnʌndə or ˌmɑːhəˈnʌndə/) is a trans-boundary river that flows through the Indian states of Bihar and West Bengal, and Bangladesh. It is an important tributary of the Ganges. Course The Mahana ...

in the east, the

Ganges The Ganges ( ) (in India: Ganga ( ); in Bangladesh: Padma ( )). "The Ganges Basin, known in India as the Ganga and in Bangladesh as the Padma, is an international river to which India, Bangladesh, Nepal and China are the riparian states." is ...

in the south, the

Gandaki River The Gandaki River, also known as the Narayani and the Gandak, is one of the major rivers in Nepal and a left bank tributary of the Ganges in India. Its total catchment area amounts to , most of it in Nepal. In the Nepal Himalayas, it is notab ...

in the west and by the foothills of the

Himalayas The Himalayas, or Himalaya (; ; ), is a mountain range in Asia, separating the plains of the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau. The range has some of the planet's highest peaks, including the very highest, Mount Everest. Over 10 ...

in the north. Mithila region firstly ruled by Videha dynasty. There were 52 ''Janaka'' (kings) ruled Videha dynasty of Mithila- # Mithi - (founder of Mithila and the first Janaka)''Encyclopaedia of Hinduism''. Nagendra Kumar Singh, p. 3239. # Udavasu # Nandivardhana # Suketu # Devarata # Brihadvrata # Mahavira # Sudhriti # Dristaketu # Haryasva # Maru # Pratindhaka # Kritiratha # Devamidha # Vibhuta # Mahidhrata # Kirtirata # Mahorama # Swarnorama # Hrisvaroma # Seeradhwaja # Bhaanumaan # Shatadyumn # Shuchi # Oorjnaamaa # Kriti # Anjan # Kurujit # Arishtnemi # Shrutaayu # Supaarshwa # Srinjaya # Kshemaavee # Anenaa # Bhaumarath # Satyarath # Upagu # Upagupt # Swaagat # Swaanand # Suvarchaa # Supaarshwa # Subhaash # Sushrut # Jaya # Vijaya # Rit # Sunaya # Veetahavya # Dhriti # Bahulaashwa # Kriti - (last King of Videha or Janaka dynasty, Kirti Janak was atrocious ruler who lost control over his subjects. He was dethroned by public under leadership of

Acharya In Indian religions and society, an ''acharya'' ( Sanskrit: आचार्य, IAST: ; Pali: ''ācariya'') is a preceptor and expert instructor in matters such as religion, or any other subject. An acharya is a highly learned person with a ...

s (Learned Men). During this period of fall of Videha dynasty, the famous republic of Licchavi was rising in Vaishali and Mithila region came under control of Licchavi clan of Vajji confederacy in around eight century BCE.

Gangaridai kingdom (c. 350 – 100 BCE)

Gangaridae is a term used by the ancient

Greco-Roman The Greco-Roman civilization (; also Greco-Roman culture; spelled Graeco-Roman in the Commonwealth), as understood by modern scholars and writers, includes the geographical regions and countries that culturally—and so historically—were di ...

writers to describe a

people A person ( : people) is a being that has certain capacities or attributes such as reason, morality, consciousness or self-consciousness, and being a part of a culturally established form of social relations such as kinship, ownership of prope ...

or a geographical region of the ancient

. Some of these writers state that

withdrew from the Indian subcontinent because of the strong

force of the Gangaridai. However, the geographical region was annexed and governed by the

at the time. A number of modern scholars locate Gangaridai in the Ganges Delta of the

region, although alternative theories also exist. Gange or Ganges, the capital of the Gangaridai (according to Ptolemy), has been identified with several sites in the region, including Chandraketugarh and Wari-Bateshwar ruins, Wari-Bateshwar.

Magadha dynasties of Bengal

Brihadratha dynasty (c. 1700 – 682 BCE)

;Rulers- (''Ripunjaya was the last ruler of dynasty, dethorned by Pradyota in 682 BCE'')

Pradyota dynasty (c. 682 – 544 BCE)

;Rulers- (''Varttivarddhana was last ruler of dynasty dethroned by Bimbisara in 544 BCE'')

Haryanka dynasty (c. 544 – 413 BCE)

;Rulers- (''Nāgadāsaka was last ruler of dynasty overthrowed by Shishunaga in 413 BCE'')

Shishunaga dynasty (c. 413 – 345 BCE)

;Rulers- ''(Mahanandin lost his empire by his illegitimate son Mahapadma Nanda in 345 BCE)''

Nanda Empire (c. 345 – 322 BCE)

;Rulers- ''(Dhana Nanda lost his empire to Chandragupta Maurya after being defeated by him in 322 BCE)''

Maurya Empire (c. 322 – 184 BCE)

;Rulers- ''(Brihadratha Maurya, Brihadratha was the last ruler of dynasty, dethroned by Pushyamitra Shunga in 185 BCE)''

Shunga Empire (c. 185 – 73 BCE)

;Rulers- ''(Devabhuti was the last ruler of dynasty dethroned by, dethroned Vasudeva Kanva in 73 BCE)''

Kanva dynasty (c. 73 – 28 BCE)

;Rulers- ''(Susarman was the last ruler of dynasty, dethroned by Simuka of Satavahana Empire)''

Classical Era

Chandra dynasty (c. 202 – 1050 CE)

The Chandra Kingdom was a Kayastha kingdom, which ruled the

region of

, as well as northern Arakan. Later it was a neighbor to the

to the north. Rulers of Chandra kingdom were followers of Hinduism. ;Rulers-

Gupta Empire (c. 240 – 550 CE)

;Rulers- * Sri-Gupta I (240–280), founder of dynasty * Ghatotkacha (Gupta Ruler), Ghatotkacha (280–319) * Chandragupta I, Chandra Gupta I (320–335) * Samudragupta, Samudra Gupta (335–380) * Ramagupta, Rama Gupta (6 Months) * Chandragupta II, Chandra Gupta II (Chandragupta Vikramaditya) (380–413/415) * Kumara Gupta I (415–455) * Skandagupta, Skanda Gupta (455–467) * Purugupta, Puru Gupta(467–473) * Kumaragupta II, Kumara Gupta II (473–476) * Buddha Gupta (476–495) * Narasimhagupta, Narasimha Gupta(495–550) * Kumaragupta III, Kumara Gupta III (500–540) * Vishnugupta (Gupta Empire), Vishnugupta (540–550), last imperial Gupta ruler.

Jaintia kingdom (c. 525 – 1835 CE)

Old dynasty rulers

*Urmi Rani (?–550) *Krishak Pator (550–570) *Hatak (570–600) *Guhak (600–630)

Partitioned Jaintia rulers

*Jayanta (630–660) *Joymalla (660–?) *Mahabal (?) *Bancharu (?–1100) *Kamadeva (1100–1120) *Bhimbal (1120)

Brahmin dynasty rulers

*Kedareshwar Rai (1120–1130) *Dhaneshwar Rai (1130–1150) *Kandarpa Rai (1150–1170) *Manik Rai (1170–1193) *Jayanta Rai (1193–1210) *Jayanti Devi *Bara Gossain

New dynasty rulers

*Prabhat Ray Syiem Sutnga (1500–1516) *Majha Gosain Syiem Sutnga (1516–1532) *Burha Parbat Ray Syiem Sutnga (1532–1548) *Bar Gosain Syiem Sutnga I (1548–1564) *Bijay Manik Syiem Sutnga (1564–1580) *Pratap Ray Syiem Sutnga (1580–1596) *Dhan Manik Syiem Sutnga (1596–1612) *Jasa Manik Syiem Sutnga (1612–1625) *Sundar Ray Syiem Sutnga (1625–1636) *Chota Parbat Ray Syiem Sutnga (1636–1647) *Jasamanta Ray Syiem Sutnga (1647–1660) *Ban Singh Syiem Sutnga (1660–1669) *Pratap Singh Syiem Sutnga (1669–1678) *Lakshmi Narayan Syiem Sutnga (1678–1694) *Ram Singh Syiem Sutnga I (1694–1708) *Jay Narayan Syiem Sutnga (1708–1731) *Bar Gosain Syiem Sutnga II (1731–1770) *Chattra Singh Syiem Sutnga (1770–1780) *Yatra Narayan Syiem Sutnga (1780-1785) *Bijay Narayan Syiem Sutnga (1785–1786) *Lakshmi Singh Syiem Sutnga (1786-1790) *Ram Singh Syiem Sutnga II (1790–1832) *Rajendra Singh Syiem Sutnga (1832–1835)

Gauda kingdom (c. 550 – 626 CE)

;Rulers- * ''Early Gaunda rulers are unknown'' *

(590–625), first recorded independent Hindu king of Bengal, created the first unified political entity in Bengal. * Manava (king), Manava (625–626), ruled for 8 months before being conquered by Harshavardana and Bhaskarvarmana in 626 CE.

Pushyabhuti (Vardhana) Empire (c. 606 – 647 CE)

;Rulers of Bengal- * Harsha, Harshavardhana (606–647), unified Northern India and ruled it for over 40 years, he was the last non-Muslim emperor to rule a unified Northern India

Khadga dynasty (c. 625 – 730 CE)

;Rulers-

Bhadra dynasty (6th to 7th century)

The Bhadra dynasty was a Bengali Hindus, Bengali Hindu royal house of Brahmin origin, their rule flourished during the first half of the 7th century, though little is known about their history. The kings of the dynasty bore names with the suffix "Bhadra". ;Known rulers are- * Narayanabhadra * Jyeshthabhadra

Mallabhum kingdom (c. 694 – 1947 CE)

;Rulers-

Post-Classical era

Pala Empire (c. 750 – 1161 CE)

Most of the Pala inscriptions mention only the regnal year as the date of issue, without any well-known calendar era. Because of this, the chronology of the Pala kings is hard to determine. Based on their different interpretations of the various epigraphs and historical records, different historians estimate the Pala chronology as follows:

Chola Empire (ruled part of southwestern Bengal from 1019 – 1070 CE)

;Chola rulers of Bengal are- * Rajaraja Chola I (985–1014), ruled Bengal from 1019 CE * Rajendra Chola I (1014–1018) * Rajadhiraja Chola I (1018–1054) * Rajendra Chola II (1054–1063) * Virarajendra Chola (1063–1070) * Athirajendra Chola (1067–1070), last chola ruler of Bengal

Sena dynasty (c. 1070 – 1230 CE)

Sena dynasty ruled southwestern Bengal from 1070 and ruled East Bengal until 1230. Vijaya Sena conquered entire Bengal by 1154 CE. ;Rulers- *Hemanta Sena (1070–1096) *Vijaya Sena (1096–1159) *Ballala Sena (1159–1179) *Lakshmana Sena (1179–1206) *Vishvarupa Sena (1206–1225) *Keshava Sena (1225–1230)

Deva dynasty (c. 1150 – 1294 CE)

;List of rulers is disputed- * Purushottamadeva * Madhusudanadeva * Vasudeva * Shantideva * Viradeva * Anandadeva * Bhavadeva * Damodaradeva (1231–1243) * Dasharathadeva (1243–1281) * Vikramadityadeva (1281–1294)

Delhi Sultanate era

The Khalji dynasty of Bengal (c.1203–27) were at times independent, and at times subordinate to the Mamluk Sultanate (Delhi), Delhi Sultanate.

Governors of Bengal under
Tughlaq dynasty The Tughlaq dynasty ( fa, ), also referred to as Tughluq or Tughluk dynasty, was a Muslim dynasty of Indo- Turkic origin which ruled over the Delhi sultanate in medieval India. Its reign started in 1320 in Delhi when Ghazi Malik assumed the ...
(1324–1338)

Bengal Sultanate era

Independent Sultans of Bengal during Tughlaq dynasty (1338–1352)

Ilyas Shahi dynasty (1352–1414)

House of Raja Ganesha (1414–1435)

Restored Ilyas Shahi dynasty (1435–1487)

Habshi rule (1487–1494)

Hussain Shahi dynasty (1494–1538)

Governors of Bengal under Sur Empire (1532–1556)

Muhammad Shah dynasty (1554–1564)

Karrani dynasty (1564–1576)

Mughal ''Subahdars'' of Bengal Subah (1574–1717)

During the reign of Akbar the Great, Akbar

During the reign of
Jahangir Nur-ud-Din Muhammad Salim (30 August 1569 – 28 October 1627), known by his imperial name Jahangir (; ), was the fourth Mughal Emperor, who ruled from 1605 until he died in 1627. He was named after the Indian Sufi saint, Salim Chishti. Ear ...

During the reign of
Shah Jahan Shihab-ud-Din Muhammad Khurram (5 January 1592 – 22 January 1666), better known by his regnal name Shah Jahan I (; ), was the fifth emperor of the Mughal Empire, reigning from January 1628 until July 1658. Under his emperorship, the Mugha ...

During the reign of Aurangzeb

Medieval Hindu dynasties of Bengal

Koch dynasty (c. 1515 – 1949 CE)

Rulers of undivided Koch dynasty (c. 1515 – 1586 CE)

* Biswa Singha (1515–1540 CE) * Nara Narayan (1540–1586 CE)

Rulers of Koch Bihar (c. 1586 – 1949)

* Lakshmi Narayan * Bir Narayan * Pran Narayan * Basudev Narayan * Mahindra Narayan * Roop Narayan * Upendra Narayan * Devendra Narayan * Dhairjendra Narayan * Rajendra Narayan * Dharendra Narayan * Harendra Narayan * Shivendra Narayan * Narendra Narayan * Nripendra Narayan * Rajendra Narayan, Rajendra Narayan II * Jitendra Narayan (father of Gayatri Devi) * Jagaddipendra Narayan (ruled till 1949)

Kingdom of Bhurshut (c. 16th–18th century)

* Maharaja Shivanarayan *Rudranarayan, Maharaja Rudranarayan, Maharaja (16th century) *Bhavashankari, Maharani (16th century) *Pratapnarayan, Maharaja (17th century) *Naranarayan of Bhurishrestha, Naranarayan, Maharaja (17th century) *Lakshminarayan of Bhurishrestha, Lakshminarayan, Maharaja (c. 1695–1712)

Kingdom of Chandradweep Or Basu Dynasty

Chandradweep Ruled By *Raja Paramananda Basu *Raja Jagganath Basu *Kandarpanarayan Basu ( 1582-1598) *Ramchandra Basu *Kirtinarayan Basu *Basudebnarayan Basu *Pratapnarayan Basu

Maharajas of Jessore region

;Known rulers are- * Pratapaditya

Maharaja of Lower Bengal region

;Known rulers are: * Raja Sitaram Ray (1688–1714 CE)

Maharaja of Bhawal region

Rulers of Gazipur and Madhupur forest are in central Bangladesh.

Nawabs of Bengal

Independent Nawabs of Bengal (1717–1757 CE)

Nawabs of Bengal under East India Company (1757–1838 CE)

Nawabs of Murshidabad

East India Company governors in Bengal

Governors of British East India Company in Bengal (1757–1793)

* Robert Clive, 1st Baron Clive, Robert Clive 1757 – 1760 * Henry Vansittart 1760 – 1764 * Robert Clive, 1st Baron Clive, Robert Clive (again) 1765 – 1766 * Harry Verelst (colonial governor), Harry Verelst 1767 – 1769 * John Cartier 1769 – 1772 * Warren Hastings 1772 – 1773 ''see below'' As per the treaty of Allahabad in 1765, the British East India Company (BEIC) was given the right to collect revenue (Diwani right). From 1769, the company collected revenue from Bengal.

Governors-General of British East India Company in Bengal – Dual government (1773–1774)

Following the Regulating Act of 1773, the Governor of Bengal was officially called Governor-General of Fort William. * Warren Hastings 1773 ''see above'' – 1774 * Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis, Charles Cornwallis 1786 – 1793

Governors-General of British East India Company in Bengal (1793–1854)

In 1793, the British East India Company abolished Nizamat, i.e. local rule by Mughal emperor- appointed Nawabs and annexed Bengal. * Sir John Shore 1793 – 1798 * Richard Wellesley, 1st Marquess Wellesley, Richard Wellesley 1798 – 1805 * Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis, Charles Cornwallis 1805 – 1805 * Sir George Barlow, 1st Baronet 1805 – 1807 * Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 1st Earl of Minto 1807 – 1813 * Francis Rawdon-Hastings, 1st Marquess of Hastings 1813 – 1823 * John Adam (administrator), John Adam 1823 – 1823 * William Amherst, 1st Earl Amherst 1823 – 1828 * William Butterworth Bayley 1828 – 1828 * Lord William Bentinck 1828 – 1833

Governor-Generals of British East India Company (1833–1858)

As per Charter Act of 1833, the Governor-General of Bengal would be called Governor-General of India * Lord William Bentinck 1833 – 1835 * Charles Metcalfe, 1st Baron Metcalfe 1835 – 1836 * George Eden, 1st Earl of Auckland, George Eden 1836 – 1842 * Edward Law, 1st Earl of Ellenborough, Edward Law 1842 – 1844 * William Wilberforce Bird (governor), William Bird 1844 – 1844 * Henry Hardinge, 1st Viscount Hardinge, Henry Hardinge 1844 – 1848 * James Broun-Ramsay, 1st Marquess of Dalhousie, James Broun-Ramsay 1848 – 1856 * Charles Canning, 1st Earl Canning, The Viscount Canning 1856 – 1858

British Raj era

With the establishment of the British Raj, Empire of India in 1858, the position of Governor-General was replaced with Governor-General and Viceroy of India. Kolkata, Calcutta, the capital of Bengal also became the capital of India. As a result, the position of Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal was established to look after provincial matters.

Lieutenant-Governors (1858–1912)

* Frederick James Halliday 1858–1859 * John Grant 1859–1862 * Sir Cecil Beadon 1862–1866 * Sir William Grey 1866–1871 * George Campbell (1824–92), George Campbell 1871–1874 * Sir Richard Temple, 1st Baronet, Sir Richard Temple 1874–1877 * Ashley Eden, Sir Ashley Eden 1877–1879 * Steuart Bayley 1879–1882 * Sir Augustus Thompson 1882–1885 * Horace Cockerell 1885–1887 * Sir Steuart Bayley 1887–1890 * Charles Alfred Elliott, Charles Eliott 1890–1893 * Anthony MacDonnell 1893–1895 * Alexander Mackenzie (civil servant), Alexander Mackenzie 1895–1897 * Charles Cecil Stevens 1897–1898 * Sir John Woodburn 1898–1902 * James Bourdillon 1902–1903 * Sir Andrew Fraser 1903–1906 * Lancelot Hare 1906–1906 * Francis Slacke 1906–1908 * Sir Edward Baker 1908–1911 * William Duke (colonial governor), Sir William Duke 1911–1912

Governors (1912–1947)

In late 1911, the Indian Government decided to Delhi Durbar#Durbar of 1911, move the capital to New Delhi. As a result, the Governorship of Bengal Presidency was now necessary.

Prime Minister of Bengal (1937–1947)

The Government of India Act 1935 introduced provincial autonomy in India and the position of Chief Minister or Premier of Bengal became very prominent.

Office holders

Writers' Building, Calcutta, India (8136102863)

Subsequently, all three Bengali chief ministers moved to

, where they continued to be influential statesmen. Nazimuddin and Suhrawardy became List of Prime Ministers of Pakistan, Prime Ministers of Pakistan, while Huq served as the Chief Minister and Governor of East Pakistan.

After Independence of India and Pakistan

British colonial period ended when

and Pakistan became independent nations in 1947.

fell into two parts – one in India, named

and the other part in Pakistan as

East Bengal ur, , common_name = East Bengal , status = Province of the Dominion of Pakistan , p1 = Bengal Presidency , flag_p1 = Flag of British Bengal.svg , s1 = Ea ...

, later renamed to

in 1955.

Pakistani (East) Bengal (1947–1971)

Governors of East Bengal (1947–1955)

Chief Minister of East Bengal (1947–1955)

Governors of East Pakistan (1955–1971)

In late 1954, the prime minister Muhammad Ali Bogra initiated the One Unit policy which resulted in East Bengal province being renamed to East Pakistan.

Chief Minister of East Pakistan (1955–1971)

On 7 October 1958, the post of Chief Minister of

was abolished. And after the independence of

on 16 December 1971, the Province of

was dissolved.

Indian (West) Bengal (1947–present)

Governors of West Bengal

Chief Ministers of West Bengal

After independence of Bangladesh

seceded from West Pakistan on 16 December 1971 after the end of

and was named

as an independent nation. The President of Bangladesh, President was the executive Head of state of Bangladesh during Presidential system of government from 1975 to 1991. Thereafter, the Prime Minister of Bangladesh, Prime Minister is the executive head of government of this parliamentary republic while the President is the ceremonial Head of state, elected by the Jatiyo Sangshad, parliament.

Key

;''Political parties'' * * * ;''Other factions'' * * ;''Status'' *

Presidents of Bangladesh

Prime Ministers of Bangladesh

Notes

References

Sources

* * * {{West Bengal Dynasties of Bengal Lists of Indian monarchs, Bengal Rulers of Bengal, *

Ancient Bengal

Ancient Geopolitical divisions

Anga kingdom (c. 1100 – 530 BCE)

Vanga kingdom (c. 1100 – 340 BCE)

Pundra kingdom (c. 1100 – 340 BCE)

Suhma kingdom (c. 1100 – 340 BCE)

Videha dynasty of Mithila (Tirabhukti) (c. 1100 – 700 BCE)

Gangaridai kingdom (c. 350 – 100 BCE)

Magadha dynasties of Bengal

Brihadratha dynasty (c. 1700 – 682 BCE)

Pradyota dynasty (c. 682 – 544 BCE)

Haryanka dynasty (c. 544 – 413 BCE)

Shishunaga dynasty (c. 413 – 345 BCE)

Nanda Empire (c. 345 – 322 BCE)

Maurya Empire (c. 322 – 184 BCE)

Shunga Empire (c. 185 – 73 BCE)

Kanva dynasty (c. 73 – 28 BCE)

Classical Era

Chandra dynasty (c. 202 – 1050 CE)

Gupta Empire (c. 240 – 550 CE)

Jaintia kingdom (c. 525 – 1835 CE)

Old dynasty rulers

Partitioned Jaintia rulers

Brahmin dynasty rulers

New dynasty rulers

Gauda kingdom (c. 550 – 626 CE)

Pushyabhuti (Vardhana) Empire (c. 606 – 647 CE)

Khadga dynasty (c. 625 – 730 CE)

Bhadra dynasty (6th to 7th century)

Mallabhum kingdom (c. 694 – 1947 CE)

Post-Classical era

Pala Empire (c. 750 – 1161 CE)

Chola Empire (ruled part of southwestern Bengal from 1019 – 1070 CE)

Sena dynasty (c. 1070 – 1230 CE)

Deva dynasty (c. 1150 – 1294 CE)

Delhi Sultanate era

Bengal Sultanate era

Independent Sultans of Bengal during Tughlaq dynasty (1338–1352)

Ilyas Shahi dynasty (1352–1414)

House of Raja Ganesha (1414–1435)

Restored Ilyas Shahi dynasty (1435–1487)

Habshi rule (1487–1494)

Hussain Shahi dynasty (1494–1538)

Governors of Bengal under Sur Empire (1532–1556)

Muhammad Shah dynasty (1554–1564)

Karrani dynasty (1564–1576)

Mughal ''Subahdars'' of Bengal Subah (1574–1717)

During the reign of Akbar the Great, Akbar

During the reign of Jahangir Nur-ud-Din Muhammad Salim (30 August 1569 – 28 October 1627), known by his imperial name Jahangir (; ), was the fourth Mughal Emperor, who ruled from 1605 until he died in 1627. He was named after the Indian Sufi saint, Salim Chishti. Ear ...

During the reign of Shah Jahan Shihab-ud-Din Muhammad Khurram (5 January 1592 – 22 January 1666), better known by his regnal name Shah Jahan I (; ), was the fifth emperor of the Mughal Empire, reigning from January 1628 until July 1658. Under his emperorship, the Mugha ...

During the reign of Aurangzeb

Medieval Hindu dynasties of Bengal

Koch dynasty (c. 1515 – 1949 CE)

Rulers of undivided Koch dynasty (c. 1515 – 1586 CE)

Rulers of Koch Bihar (c. 1586 – 1949)

Kingdom of Bhurshut (c. 16th–18th century)

Kingdom of Chandradweep Or Basu Dynasty

Maharajas of Jessore region

Maharaja of Lower Bengal region

Maharaja of Bhawal region

Nawabs of Bengal

Independent Nawabs of Bengal (1717–1757 CE)

Nawabs of Bengal under East India Company (1757–1838 CE)

Nawabs of Murshidabad

East India Company governors in Bengal

Governors of British East India Company in Bengal (1757–1793)

Governors-General of British East India Company in Bengal – Dual government (1773–1774)

Governors-General of British East India Company in Bengal (1793–1854)

Governor-Generals of British East India Company (1833–1858)

British Raj era

Lieutenant-Governors (1858–1912)

Governors (1912–1947)

Prime Minister of Bengal (1937–1947)

Office holders

After Independence of India and Pakistan

Pakistani (East) Bengal (1947–1971)

Governors of East Bengal (1947–1955)

Chief Minister of East Bengal (1947–1955)

Governors of East Pakistan (1955–1971)

Chief Minister of East Pakistan (1955–1971)

During the reign of
Jahangir Nur-ud-Din Muhammad Salim (30 August 1569 – 28 October 1627), known by his imperial name Jahangir (; ), was the fourth Mughal Emperor, who ruled from 1605 until he died in 1627. He was named after the Indian Sufi saint, Salim Chishti. Ear ...

During the reign of
Shah Jahan Shihab-ud-Din Muhammad Khurram (5 January 1592 – 22 January 1666), better known by his regnal name Shah Jahan I (; ), was the fifth emperor of the Mughal Empire, reigning from January 1628 until July 1658. Under his emperorship, the Mugha ...