Rivers of

Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with a small portion on the Balkan Peninsula in ...

can be divided into several groups depending on where they flow.

Flow into the
Black Sea The Black Sea is a marginal mediterranean sea of the Atlantic Ocean lying between Europe and Asia, east of the Balkans, south of the East European Plain, west of the Caucasus, and north of Anatolia. It is bounded by Bulgaria, Georgia, Rom ...

Europe Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a subcontinent of Eurasia and it is located entirel ...

* Mutludere (also known as Rezovo) flows from Turkey into Bulgaria. 112 km *

Veleka The Veleka ( , ) is a river in the very southeast of Bulgaria (Burgas Province), as well as the very northeast of European Turkey. It is 147 km long, of which 108 km lies in Bulgaria Anatolia Anatolia, tr, Anadolu Yarımadası), and the Anatolian plateau, also known as Asia Minor, is a large peninsula in Western Asia and the westernmost protrusion of the Asian continent. It constitutes the major part of modern-day Turkey. The ...

* Kızılırmak 'Red River' is the longest river in Turkey, also known as the Halys River. 1,350 km **

Delice River The Delice River (), perhaps the ancient Cappadox (), is the major river of Cappadocia in Anatolia, Turkey. It flows into the Kızılırmak River (Halys) at before flowing into the Black Sea The Black Sea is a marginal mediterranean s ...

- tributary ** Devrez River - tributary ** Gök River - tributary (also known as Gökırmak and in Classical times, Amnias) *

Sakarya River The Sakarya (Sakara River, tr, Sakarya Irmağı; gr, Σαγγάριος, translit=Sangarios; Latin: ''Sangarius'') is the third longest river in Turkey. It runs through the region known in ancient times as Phrygia. It was considered one of th ...

is the third longest river in Turkey, also known as Sangarius. 824 km ** Seydisuyu **

Porsuk River The Porsuk River also Kocasu-Porsuk River ( tr, Porsuk Çayı, Kocasu-Porsuk Çayı), ancient Tembris, is a river in Turkey, that flows for . The city of Eskişehir is sited on the banks of this river. The river is dammed by the Porsuk dam formin ...

** Ankara River *

Harşit River The Harşit River (''Turkish: Harşit Çayı'', ''Philabonites'' or ''Χαρσιώτης'' River) is a river in the Black Sea Region of Turkey. It flows through the Gümüşhane and Giresun Provinces before its terminus in the Black Sea at Tireb ...

in Gümüşhane and Giresun * Yeşilırmak 'Green River' (Classical Iris). 418 km ** Çekerek River (Classical Scylax) is a tributary **

Kelkit River The Kelkit River ( tr, Kelkit Irmağı or ''Kelkit Çayı''), is a river in the Black Sea Region of Turkey. It is the longest tributary of the Yeşilırmak. Its name derives from the Armenian ''Gayl get'' ( hy, Գայլ գետ 'wolf river', Kayl ...

(Classical Lycus (one of several)) is a tributary * Yağlıdere ** Kılıçlar River ** Tohumluk River ** Üçköprü is not actually a river but the point where the Kılıçlar and Tohumluk meet * Aksu Deresi in Giresun Province * Batlama River in Giresun *

Bartın River Bartın River (''Bartın Çayı''), anciently known as Parthenius or Parthenios ( grc, Παρθένιος), is a small river in the east of the Black Sea Region of Turkey. Its source is in the Ilgaz Mountains, in Kastamonu Province and Karabük Pro ...

(Classical Parthenius) *

Çoruh River The Chorokh ( ka, ჭოროხი ''Ch'orokhi'', tr, Çoruh, hy, Չորոխ ''Ch’vorokh'', el, Άκαμψις, ''Akampsis'') is a river that rises in the Mescit Mountains in north-eastern Turkey, flows through the cities of Bayburt, İs ...

(Classical Acampsis) * Gelevara Deresi * Kara Dere (Classical Hyssus or Hyssos) * Machakhlistskal(i) *

Terme River The Terme River ( tr, Terme Çayı; la, Thermeh; el, Θερμώδων, rendered Thermodon) is a short river in Samsun Province, Turkey draining into the Black Sea. Its sources are in the Pontic Mountains. It runs through the fertile Çarşa ...

(Classical Thermōdōn) *

Filyos River The Filyos River is a river in northern Turkey. The longest branch of the Filyos is formed near Karabük by several tributaries. It flows to the west through a deep canyon past Yenice. Just north of Devrek, it is joined by major branches fl ...

(Classical Billaeus)

Flow into the
Marmara Sea The Sea of Marmara,; grc, Προποντίς, Προποντίδα, Propontís, Propontída also known as the Marmara Sea, is an inland sea located entirely within the borders of Turkey. It connects the Black Sea to the Aegean Sea via the ...

Biga Çayı The Biga River ( tr, Biga Çayı) is a small river in Çanakkale Province in northwestern Turkey. The river begins at the base of Mount Ida and trends generally northeasterly to the Sea of Marmara. It is about east of the Dardanelles. It flows p ...

, the classical Granicus * Mustafakemalpaşa Çayı, the classical Rhyndacus * Simav Çayı or Susurluk Çayı, the classical

Makestos The Simav ( tr, Simav Çayı) or Susurluk RiverTurkish General Directorate of State Water Works (DSİ)." Archive accessed 3 Sept. 2011. (''Susurluk Çayı'') is a river in Anatolian Turkey. Its course is 321 km long and its basin comprises 22 400 ...

Flow into the
Aegean Sea The Aegean Sea ; tr, Ege Denizi (Greek: Αιγαίο Πέλαγος: "Egéo Pélagos", Turkish: "Ege Denizi" or "Adalar Denizi") is an elongated embayment of the Mediterranean Sea between Europe and Asia. It is located between the Balkans ...

Europe

* Meriç (Maritsa or Evros) is in the European section of Turkey and has its source in

Bulgaria Bulgaria (; bg, България, Bǎlgariya), officially the Republic of Bulgaria,, ) is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern flank of the Balkans, and is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and North Macedo ...

. It is 480 km long. ** Tunca is a 350 km tributary in Bulgaria **

Ergene Ergene ( tr, Ergene Nehri; grc, Εργίνης, ''Eryinis'') is a major left tributary of the Maritsa (Meriç) river, flowing entirely in the East Thrace region of Turkey. The river rises from the southern part of Strandzha mountain, not far fr ...

is a tributary inside of Turkey.

Anatolia

* Azmak Creek *

Bakırçay Bakırçay ( la, Caicus, ) is a river in Turkey. It rises in the Gölcük Dağları mountains and debouches into the Gulf of Çandarlı. In antiquity, the Bakırçay was or formed part of the ''Kaikos'' or ''Caicus'' River which flowed near the ...

(Classical Caicus or Astraeus) *

Büyük Menderes River The Büyük Menderes River (historically the Maeander or Meander, from Ancient Greek: Μαίανδρος, ''Maíandros''; tr, Büyük Menderes Irmağı), is a river in southwestern Turkey. It rises in west central Turkey near Dinar before fl ...

(Classical Maeander or Meander). 548 km ** Lycus (river of Phrygia) *** Cadmus (river) * Cayster River or Küçük Menderes. 114 km *

Gediz River The Gediz River ( tr, Gediz Nehri, ) is the second-longest river in Anatolia flowing into the Aegean Sea. From its source of Mount Murat in Kütahya Province, it flows generally west for to the Gediz River Delta in the Gulf of İzmir. Name T ...

(Classical

Hermus In Greek mythology, Hermus or Hermos (Ancient Greek: Ἕρμος) is a name attributed to multiple characters: * Hermus, god of the river Hermus (modern Gediz river) located in the Aegean region of Lydia (modern Turkey). Like most of the rive ...

). 401 km **

Pactolus Pactolus ( el, Πακτωλός), now named Sart Çayı, is a river near the Aegean coast of Turkey. The river rises from Mount Tmolus, flows through the ruins of the ancient city of Sardis, and empties into the Gediz River, the ancient Hermus. ...

(also known as Sart Çayı) *

Karamenderes River Karamenderes is a river located entirely within the Çanakkale Province of Turkey. It flows west from Mount Ida and empties into the Aegean Sea near the Troy Historical National Park. According to the ''Iliad'', the battles of the Trojan War wer ...

(Classical Scamander)

Flow into the
Mediterranean Sea The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Western and Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, and on the ...

* Aksu (Classical Kestros) *

Manavgat River Manavgat River originates on the eastern slopes of Western Taurus Mountains in Turkey. In ancient times it was called Melas ( grc, Μέλας). At an elevation of 1,350 m, the outflow of several small springs joins together to become the headwater ...

(Classical Melas) * Köprüçay River (Classical Eurymedon) * Dim River * Kaledran Creek *

Dragon Creek (Turkey) Dragon Creek, also called Kocaçay or Anamur Creek, is a creek in Anamur district of Mersin Province, southern Turkey. Geography The short creek is in Anamur district of Mersin Province. Its main source is an underground river, which rises to the ...

* Sini Creek *

Göksu The Göksu ( Turkish for "sky water" also called ''Geuk Su'', ''Goksu Nehri''; la, Saleph, grc, Καλύκαδνος, translit=Calycadnus) is a river on the Taşeli plateau (Turkey). Both its sources arise in the Taurus Mountains—the norther ...

(Classical Calycadnus) * Limonlu Çayı (also known as Lamas; Classical Lamos) * Alata River * Tömük Creek * Karacaoğlan River *

Tece Creek Tece Creek is a creek in Mersin Province, Turkey. Its headwaters are around Fındıkpınarı in the Toros Mountains. In upper reaches it is also called Fındık Creek. It flows to Mediterranean Sea The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to ...

Mezitli River Mezitli River (''Liparis'' of the antiquity) is a rivulet in Mersin Province, Turkey The river flows in the mid-southern portion of the Toros Mountains from north to south. It is a short river and the birds flight distance between the headwaters a ...

(Classical Liparis) * Efrenk River (also known as Müftü) * Deliçay *

Berdan River The Berdan (also Baradān or Baradā), the ancient Cydnus ( el, Κύδνος), is a river in Mersin Province, south Turkey. The historical city of Tarsus is on the river and it is therefore sometimes called the Tarsus River. Originally the wat ...

(also called Tarsus; Classical Cydnus) *

Seyhan River The Seyhan River (formerly written ''Seihan'', ''Sihun''; ancient name: grc, Σάρος, ''Sáros''), alternatively known as ''Sarus'' (or in Turkish as ''Sarus Su''),John Garstang and O.R. Gurney is the longest river of Cilicia and the lon ...

(Classical Sarus) **

Zamantı River Zamantı River is a river in Central Anatolia, Turkey, crossing Kayseri Province in practically its whole course to join Seyhan River further south, of which it is the western, the longest and the most important tributary. Zamantı and Göksu jo ...

* Ceyhan River (Classical Pyramus or Leucosyrus). 509 km ** Harman Çayı ** Göksun Çayı 115 km * Payas River * Deli Çay River * Asi River (Classical Orontes) **

Afrin River The Afrin River ( ar, نهر عفرين ''Nahr ʻIfrīn''; ( ku, Çemê Efrînê; northern Syrian vernacular: ''Nahər ʻAfrīn''; tr, Afrin Çayı) is a tributary of the Orontes River in Turkey and Syria. It rises in the Kartal Mountains in ...

*** Karasu

Flow into the
Persian Gulf The Persian Gulf ( fa, خلیج فارس, translit=xalij-e fârs, lit=Gulf of Fars, ), sometimes called the ( ar, اَلْخَلِيْجُ ٱلْعَرَبِيُّ, Al-Khalīj al-ˁArabī), is a mediterranean sea in Western Asia. The bod ...

Euphrates The Euphrates () is the longest and one of the most historically important rivers of Western Asia. Together with the Tigris, it is one of the two defining rivers of Mesopotamia ( ''the land between the rivers''). Originating in Turkey, the Eup ...

** Khabur River ***

Jaghjagh River The Jaghjagh River ( ar, نهر جقجق ''Nahr Jaqjaq'', ''Nahr al-Jaghjagh'', or ''Nahr al-Hirmas'', tr, Çağ-çağ Deresi, syr, ܢܗܕܐ ܕܔܩܔܩ ''Nahro dJaqjaq'', ku, Çemê Nisêbînê or Cexcex) is a tributary of the Khabur River in ...

Sajur River The Sajur River ( ar, نهر الساجور, Nahr as-Sājūr ; tr, Sacır Suyu) is a long river originating in Turkey and flowing into the Euphrates in Syria. It is the smallest of the three rivers joining the Euphrates in Syria, and the only o ...

** Karasu **

Murat River The Murat River, also called Eastern Euphrates ( tr, Murat Nehri, , hy, Արածանի, translit=Aratsani), is a major source of the Euphrates River. The Ancient Greeks and Romans used to call the river ''Arsanias'' ( gr, Ἀρσανίας). It ...

Tigris The Tigris () is the easternmost of the two great rivers that define Mesopotamia, the other being the Euphrates. The river flows south from the mountains of the Armenian Highlands through the Syrian and Arabian Deserts, and empties into the ...

** Great Zab (in Turkish Büyükzap Suyu) ** Little Khabur **

Botan River The Botan River ( tr, Botan Çayı, ', or '; Kurdish: ; Armenian: ; Neo-Syriac: ; Ancient Greek ''Centrites''/''Kentrites'') is located in the Siirt Province of southeastern Turkey. The upstream of the Botan River is often called Çatak, which ...

(Uluçay) ** Batman River ** Hezir River

Flow into the
Caspian Sea The Caspian Sea is the world's largest inland body of water, often described as the world's largest lake or a full-fledged sea. An endorheic basin, it lies between Europe and Asia; east of the Caucasus, west of the broad steppe of Central Asia ...

* Kura River **

Aras River , az, Araz, fa, ارس, tr, Aras The Aras (also known as the Araks, Arax, Araxes, or Araz) is a river in the Caucasus. It rises in eastern Turkey and flows along the borders between Turkey and Armenia, between Turkey and the Nakhchivan excl ...

*** Arpaçay River (also known as Akhurian) is a tributary of the Aras. It arises in

Armenia Armenia (), , group=pron officially the Republic of Armenia,, is a landlocked country in the Armenian Highlands of Western Asia.The UNbr>classification of world regions places Armenia in Western Asia; the CIA World Factbook , , and ' ...

and forms part of the border between Armenia and Turkey before joining the Aras.

Ancient

Aegospotami Aegospotami ( grc, Αἰγὸς Ποταμοί, ''Aigos Potamoi'') or AegospotamosMish, Frederick C., Editor in Chief. “Aegospotami.” '' Webster’s Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary''. 9th ed. Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster Inc., 1985. , (in ...

Asopus Asopus (; grc, Ἀ̄σωπός ''Āsōpos'') is the name of four different rivers in Greece and one in Turkey. In Greek mythology, it was also the name of the gods of those rivers. Zeus carried off Aegina, Asopus' daughter, and Sisyphus, who h ...

* Cales (river), modern Alaplı Su * Hyllus (river) * Lycus (river of Bithynia) * Lycus (river of Cilicia) *

Lycus (river of Lydia) Lycus or Lykos ( el, Λύκος) was an ancient river of Lydia that flowed in a southwesterly direction by the town of Thyatira. Whether it emptied itself directly into the Hermus, or only after joining with the Hyllus In Greek mythology, Hyllu ...

* River Meles * Pinarus River

Gallery

File:Kızılırmak, Turkey.jpg, Kızılırmak

Nevşehir Province Nevşehir Province ( tr, , from the Persian compound نو شهر ''Now-shahr'' meaning "new city") is a province in central Turkey with its capital in Nevşehir. Its adjacent provinces are Kırşehir to the northwest, Aksaray to the southwest, N ...

File:Ceyhan River, Turkey.jpg, Ceyhan River

Adana Province Adana Province ( tr, ) is a province of Turkey located in central Cilicia. With a population of 2.26 million, it is the sixth most populous province in Turkey. The administrative seat of the province is the city of Adana, home to 79% of the r ...

File:PorsukBridge (28).jpg, Porsuk River

Eskişehir Province Eskişehir Province ( tr, ) is a province in northwestern Turkey. Its adjacent provinces are Bilecik to the northwest, Kütahya to the west, Afyon to the southwest, Konya to the south, Ankara to the east, and Bolu to the north. The provincia ...

File:Silifke Bridge Mersin Province.JPG, Göksu River

Mersin Province Mersin Province ( tr, ), formerly İçel Province ( tr, ), is a province in southern Turkey, on the Mediterranean coast between Antalya and Adana. The provincial capital and the biggest city in the province is Mersin, which is composed of f ...

File:Müftü River in Mersin.JPG, Müftü River
Mersin Province File:Near Belemedik Adana Province.jpg, Seyhan River
Adana Province File:Mezitli River, Mersin.JPG, Mezitli River
Mersin Province File:GedizRiver IzmirProvince Turkey.jpg, Gediz River

İzmir Province İzmir Province ( tr, İzmir ili) is a province and metropolitan municipality of Turkey in western Anatolia, situated along the Aegean coast. Its capital is the city of İzmir, which is in itself composed of the province's central 11 distri ...

File:Sakarya River.jpg, Sakarya River

Sakarya Province Sakarya ( tr, ) is a province in Turkey, located on the coast of Black Sea. The Sakarya River creates a webbing of estuaries in the province, which is in the Marmara Region. The adjacent provinces are Kocaeli to the west, Bilecik to the south ...

Flow into the Black Sea The Black Sea is a marginal mediterranean sea of the Atlantic Ocean lying between Europe and Asia, east of the Balkans, south of the East European Plain, west of the Caucasus, and north of Anatolia. It is bounded by Bulgaria, Georgia, Rom ...

Europe Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a subcontinent of Eurasia and it is located entirel ...

Flow into the Marmara Sea The Sea of Marmara,; grc, Προποντίς, Προποντίδα, Propontís, Propontída also known as the Marmara Sea, is an inland sea located entirely within the borders of Turkey. It connects the Black Sea to the Aegean Sea via the ...

Flow into the Aegean Sea The Aegean Sea ; tr, Ege Denizi (Greek: Αιγαίο Πέλαγος: "Egéo Pélagos", Turkish: "Ege Denizi" or "Adalar Denizi") is an elongated embayment of the Mediterranean Sea between Europe and Asia. It is located between the Balkans ...