San Marino is located in Southern Europe, an enclave (landlocked) in central Italy, which it borders for 39 km. The third smallest independent state by area in Europe after the Vatican City and Monaco, San Marino is dominated by the Apennine Mountains, Apennines. Located at , it covers an area of . Completely mountainous, only 17% of its territory is arable. Several rivers flow through the country, the largest being the Ausa River, Ausa, the Marano River, Marano, and the San Marino River.

Climate

The climate of San Marino is a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification: ''Cfa''), with continental influences, having warm summers and cool winters that are typical of inland areas of the central Italian peninsula. Snowfalls are common and heavy almost every winter, especially above of altitude.

Political geography

San Marino is divided into 9 castelli, or municipalities. They are: *Acquaviva (San Marino), Acquaviva *Borgo Maggiore *Chiesanuova *Domagnano *Faetano *Fiorentino *Montegiardino *City of San Marino (''Città di San Marino''), capital town *Serravalle (San Marino), Serravalle

Protected areas

San Marino has no protected areas as of November, 2016. San Marino is defined as a Global 200, Global 200 Ecoregions. San Marino has no Threatened species, threatened or Endangered species, endangered species.

International law

San Marino gave credence to and accepted the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, adheres to the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling, and ratified the World Heritage Convention. They are members of International Maritime Organization and IPCC. They are signatories to the Convention on Biological Diversity.

Domestic law

While San Marino has no official protected areas, it has a law prohibiting the cutting down of any tree over in diameter, meaning that most trees within the country are legally protected. Under the FRA 2010 Categorization of Forests, all of the land area of San Marino is considered Otherlands, "Other land", with none being "Forest" or "Other wooded land". Despite the fact that 16% of the country is woodlands, predominantly of oaks and other broadleaves as ''Quercus pubescens'', ''Fraxinus ornus'', ''Ostrya carpinifolia'', ''Acer obtusifolium, Acer obtusatum'', ''Quercus cerris'', ''Quercus ilex'', ''Populus nigra'', ''Salix alba''. Shrublands and similar lands are dominated by ''Crataegus monogyna'', ''Cornus sanguinea'', ''Spartium junceum'', ''Rubus ulmifolius'', ''Rosa canina'', ''Prunus spinosa'', ''Quercus pubescens'', ''Fraxinus ornus'' and ''Ulmus minor'' cover the 17%. Badlands are only 4% of the country, and less than 1% is covered by rivers.

References

Geography of San Marino, {{SanMarino-geo-stub sv:San Marino#Geografi