List of plant orders
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This article lists the living orders of the
Viridiplantae Viridiplantae (literally "green plants") are a clade of eukaryotic organisms that comprise approximately 450,000–500,000 species and play important roles in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. They are made up of the green algae, which ar ...
, based primarily on the work of Ruggiero et al. 2015. Living order of
Lycophyte The lycophytes, when broadly circumscribed, are a vascular plant (tracheophyte) subgroup of the kingdom Plantae. They are sometimes placed in a division Lycopodiophyta or Lycophyta or in a subdivision Lycopodiophytina. They are one of the oldes ...
s and
fern A fern (Polypodiopsida or Polypodiophyta ) is a member of a group of vascular plants (plants with xylem and phloem) that reproduce via spores and have neither seeds nor flowers. The polypodiophytes include all living pteridophytes exce ...
s are taken from Christenhusz et al. 2011b and
Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group The Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group, or PPG, is an informal international group of systematic botanists who collaborate to establish a consensus on the classification of pteridophytes ( lycophytes and ferns) that reflects knowledge about plant relatio ...
. Living orders of
Gymnosperm The gymnosperms ( lit. revealed seeds) are a group of seed-producing plants that includes conifers, cycads, '' Ginkgo'', and gnetophytes, forming the clade Gymnospermae. The term ''gymnosperm'' comes from the composite word in el, γυμν ...
s are added from Christenhusz et al. 2011a while extinct orders are from Anderson, Anderson & Cleal 2007.


Division

Prasinodermophyta The Prasinodermophyta are a proposed basal Viridiplantae clade, as sister of another clade comprising the Chlorophyta and the Streptophyta. It consists of the Prasinodermophyceae and the Palmophyllophyceae. They were previously considered to be ...


Class Prasinodermophyceae

* Order Prasinodermatales


Class

Palmophyllophyceae The Palmophyllophyceae are a proposed basal Chlorophyte clade consisting of the Palmophyllales and Prasinococcales. References {{Taxonbar, from=Q26962824 Green algae classes ...

* Order Prasinococcales * Order Palmophyllales


Division

Chlorophyta Chlorophyta or Prasinophyta is a taxon of green algae informally called chlorophytes. The name is used in two very different senses, so care is needed to determine the use by a particular author. In older classification systems, it refers to a ...


Subdivision Prasinophytina


Class Mamiellophyceae

* Order
Monomastigales ''Monomastix'' is a genus of green algae in the class Mamiellophyceae Mamiellophyceae is a class of green algae in the division Chlorophyta Chlorophyta or Prasinophyta is a taxon of green algae informally called chlorophytes. The name is ...
* Order Dolichomastigales * Order Mamiellales


Class Pyramimonadophyceae

* Order
Pyramimonadales Pyramimonadales are an order of green algae in the Chlorophyta. The chloroplasts of phototrophic euglenids probably came from endosymbiosis with a member of this order. Taxonomy * Family Polyblepharidaceae Dangeard 1888 ** Genus '' Amphoraemon ...


Subdivision Chlorophytina


Class Nephroselmidophyceae

* Order Nephroselmidales


Class

Picocystophyceae ''Picocystis'' is a monotypic genus of green algae, the sole species is ''Picocystis salinarum''. It is placed within its own class, Picocystophyceae in the division Chlorophyta Chlorophyta or Prasinophyta is a taxon of green algae inform ...

* Order Picocystales * Order ? Pseudoscourfieldiales


Class

Chloropicophyceae Chloropicophyceae is a class of green algae in the division Chlorophyta that, along with Picocystophyceae, coincides with the traditional "prasinophyte clade VII". Description Members of this class are coccoid green cells, with a diameter of ...

* Order Chloropicales


Class Pedinophyceae

* Order ? Scourfieldiales * Order Marsupiomonadales * Order Pedinomonadales


Class Chlorodendrophyceae

* Order Chlorodendrales


Class

Trebouxiophyceae The Trebouxiophyceae are a class of green algae, in the division Chlorophyta. Their circumscription within the green algae is not well established due to the need for more genetic studies at higher levels within the group. Genera without interve ...

* Order ? Phyllosiphonales * Order Chlorellales * Order
Prasiolales Prasiolales is an order of green algae in the class Trebouxiophyceae.See the NCBI The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is part of the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), a branch of the National Institute ...
* Order Microthamniales * Order Trebouxiales


Class

Ulvophyceae The Ulvophyceae or ulvophytes are a class of green algae, distinguished mainly on the basis of ultrastructural morphology, life cycle and molecular phylogenetic data.Graham LE, Graham JM, Wilcox LW (2009) ''Algae''. 2nd Edition. Benjamin Cumming ...

* Order Ignatiales * Order Oltmannsiellopsidales * Order Scotinosphaerales * Order
Ulotrichales Ulotrichales is an order of green algae in the class Ulvophyceae.See the NCBIbr>webpage on Ulotrichales Data extracted from the Genera unplaced to family (''incertae sedis''): *'' Trichosarcina'' Families * '' Binucleariaceae'' * '' Collin ...
* Order
Ulvales Ulvales is an order of green alga The green algae (singular: green alga) are a group consisting of the Prasinodermophyta and its unnamed sister which contains the Chlorophyta and Charophyta/Streptophyta. The land plants (Embryophytes) have e ...
* Order
Trentepohliales Trentepohliales is an order of Ulvophyceaen green algae.See the NCBI The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is part of the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), a branch of the National Institutes of Health (N ...
* Order
Cladophorales Cladophorales are an order of green algae, in the class Ulvophyceae The Ulvophyceae or ulvophytes are a class of green algae, distinguished mainly on the basis of ultrastructural morphology, life cycle and molecular phylogenetic data.Graham L ...
* Order
Dasycladales Dasycladales is an order of large unicellular green algae in the class Ulvophyceae. It contains two families, the Dasycladaceae and the Polyphysaceae. These single celled algae are from 2 mm to 200 mm long. They live on substrates ...
* Order
Bryopsidales Bryopsidales is an order of green algae, in the class Ulvophyceae. Characteristics The thallus is filamentous and much branched and may be packed into a mass. It is coenocytic, having multi-nucleate cells consisting of cytoplasm contained withi ...


Class Chlorophyceae

* Order Chaetopeltidales * Order Chaetophorales * Order
Chlamydomonadales Chlamydomonadales, also known as Volvocales, are an order of flagellated or pseudociliated green algae, specifically of the Chlorophyceae.See the NCBIbr>webpage on Chlamydomonadales Data extracted from the Chlamydomonadales can form planar or ...
* Order
Chlorococcales Chlorococcales is a formerly recognized order of green algae in the class Chlorophyceae. , the type family Chlorococcaceae was placed in the order Chlamydomonadales. Conventionally, many groups of coccoid green algae were lumped in the order Ch ...
* Order Microsporales * Order Oedogoniales * Order Sphaeropleales * Order Tetrasporales


Division

Streptophyta Streptophyta (), informally the streptophytes (, from the Greek ''strepto'' 'twisted', for the morphology of the sperm of some members), is a clade of plants. The composition of the clade varies considerably between authors, but the definition e ...


Subdivision Chlorokybophytina


Class

Mesostigmatophyceae The Mesostigmatophyceae are a class of basal green algae found in freshwater. In a narrow circumscription, the class contains a single genus, ''Mesostigma''. AlgaeBase then places the order within its circumscription of Charophyta. A clade co ...

* Order Mesostigmatales


Class Chlorokybophyceae

* Order Chlorokybales


Subdivision Klebsormidiophyinta


Class

Klebsormidiophyceae Klebsormidiales is an order of charophyte algae. It is the only order in the class Klebsormidiophyceae, sister of the Phragmoplastophyta. , AlgaeBase AlgaeBase is a global species database of information on all groups of algae, both marine an ...

* Order
Klebsormidiales Klebsormidiales is an order of charophyte algae. It is the only order in the class Klebsormidiophyceae, sister of the Phragmoplastophyta. , AlgaeBase AlgaeBase is a global species database of information on all groups of algae, both marine an ...


Subdivision Charophytina


Class

Charophyceae Charophyceae is a class of charophyte green algae. AlgaeBase places it in division Charophyta. Extant (living) species are placed in a single order Charales, commonly known as "stoneworts" and "brittleworts". Fossil members of the class may be ...

* Order † Sycidiales * Order † Chovanellales * Order † Moellerinales * Order Charales (Stoenworts & musk grasses)


Subdivision Coleochaetophytina


Class Coleochaetophyceae

* Order Coleochaetales


Subdivision Zygnematophytina


Class Zygnematophyceae

* Order Spirogloeales * Order Zygnematales * Order Mesotaeniales * Order Desmidiales


Subdivision Anthocerotophyta, Anthocerotophytina


Class Leiosporocerotopsida

* Order Leiosporocerotales


Class Anthocerotopsida

* Order Anthocerotales * Order Notothyladales * Order Phymatocerotales * Order Dendrocerotales


Subdivision Marchantiophyta, Marchantiophytina


Class Haplomitriopsida

* Order Treubiales * Order Calobryales


Class Marchantiopsida

* Subclass Blasiidae ** Order Blasiales * Subclass Marchantiidae (Complex thalloid liverworts) ** Order Neohodgsoniales ** Order Sphaerocarpales ** Order Lunulariales (crescent-cup liverwort) ** Order Marchantiales


Class Jungermanniopsida

* Subclass Pelliidae ** Order Pelliales ** Order Pallaviciniales ** Order Fossombroniales * Subclass Metzgeriidae ** Order Pleuroziales ** Order Metzgeriales * Subclass Jungermanniidae (leafy liverworts) ** Order Porellales ** Order Ptilidiales ** Order Jungermanniales


Subdivision Moss, Bryophytina


Class Takakiopsida

* Order Takakiales


Class Sphagnopsida

* Order †Protosphagnales * Order Ambuchananiales * Order Sphagnales (Peat/bog mosses)


Class Andreaeobryopsida

* Order Andreaeobryales


Class Andreaeopsida

* Order Andreaeales (Granite/lantern mosses)


Class Oedipodiopsida

* Order Oedipodiales


Class Tetraphidopsida

* Order Tetraphidales


Class Polytrichopsida

* Order Polytrichales (Hair-cap mosses)


Class Bryopsida

* Subclass Buxbaumiidae ** Order Buxbaumiales * Subclass Diphysciidae ** Order Diphysciales * Subclass Gigaspermidae ** Order Gigaspermales * Subclass Funariidae ** Order Disceliales ** Order Encalyptales ** Order Funariales * Subclass Timmiidae ** Order Timmiales * Subclass Dicranidae (Haplolepideous mosses) ** Order Archidiales ** Order Pseudoditrichales ** Order Catoscopiales ** Order Scouleriales ** Order Bryoxiphiales ** Order Grimmiales ** Order Pottiales ** Order Dicranales * Subclass Bryidae (Diplolepideous-alternate mosses) ** Superorder Bryanae *** Order Splachnales *** Order Hedwigiales *** Order Bartramiales *** Order Bryales *** Order Rhizogoniales *** Order Orthotrichales *** Order Orthodontiales *** Order Aulacomniales ** Superorder Hypnanae *** Order Hypnodendrales *** Order Ptychomniales *** Order Hypopterygiales *** Order Hookeriales *** Order Hypnales


Clade †Horneophytina


Class †Horneophytopsida

* Order †Horneophytales


Subdivision Tracheophyta, Tracheophytina


Class †Cooksoniopsida

* Order †Cooksoniales


Class †Rhyniopsida

* Order ?†Yarraviales * Order ?†Taeniocradales * Order †Rhyniales


Clade †Zosterophyllophyta

* Class †Barinophytopsida ** Order †Barinophytales * Class †Zosterophyllopsida ** Order †Sawdoniales ** Order †Zosterophyllales


Class Lycopodiophyta, Lycopodiopsida

* Order †Drepanophycales * Subclass †Asteroxylidae ** Order ?†Thursophytales ** Order †Asteroxylales * Subclass Lycopodiidae ** Order Lycopodiales (Clubmosses, groundpines, groundcedars) * Subclass †Prolepidodendridae ** Order †Protolepidodendrales * Subclass Selaginellidae (Spikemosses; rose of Jericho; resurrection plant; Engels moss) ** Order Selaginellales ** Order †Lepidodendrales ** Order †Pleuromeiales ** Order Isoetales (Quillworts)


Class †Eophyllophytopsida

* Order †Eophyllophytales


Class †Trimerophytopsida

* Order †Trimerophytales


Clade Pteridophyta

* Order †Ibykales * Class †Cladoxylopsida ** Order †Hyeniales ** Order †Iridopteridales ** Order †Steloxylales ** Order †Pseudosporochnales ** Order †Cladoxylales * Class Polypodiopsida (Ferns) ** Order †Stauropteridales ** Subclass †Zygopterididae *** Order †Rhacophytales *** Order †Zygopteridales ** Subclass Equisetidae *** Order †Pseudoborniales *** Order †Sphenophyllales *** Order Equisetales (Horsetails; scouring-rushes) ** Subclass Ophioglossidae *** Order Psilotales (Whisk ferns) *** Order Ophioglossales (Adder's tongues, moonworts) ** Subclass Marattiopsida *** Order Marattiales ** Subclass Polypodiidae (plant), Polypodiidae *** Order †Urnatopteridales *** Order †Senftenbergiales *** Order †Botryopteridiales *** Order †Anachoropteridales *** Order Osmundales (Royal ferns) *** Order Hymenophyllales (Filmy ferns) *** Order Gleicheniales *** Order Schizaeales *** Order Salviniales *** Order Cyatheales *** Order Polypodiales (Cathetogyrates)


Class †Noeggerathiopsida

* Order †Discinitiales * Order †Noeggerathiales * Order †Tingiales


Class †Aneurophytopsida

* Order †Scougonophytales * Order †Aneurophytales


Class †Archaeopteridopsida

* Order †Cecropsidales * Order †Archaeopteridales


Incertae sedis

* Order †Protopityales * Order †Stenokoleales


Clade Spermatophyta

* Order †Calamopityales * Order †Callistophytales * Order †Erdtmanithecales * Order †Hlatimbiales * Order †Umkomasiales * Class †Arberiopsida ** Order †Aberiales ** Order †Dicranophyllales * Class †Moresnetiopsida ** Order †Moresnetiales ** Order †Pullarithecales ** Order †Tetrastichiales * Class †Lyginopteridopsida ** Order †Hexapterospermales ** Order †Lyginopteridales * Class †Pachytestopsida ** Order †Codonospermales ** Order †Pachytestales * Class †Peltaspermopsida ** Order †Peltaspermales ** Order †Sporophyllitales ** Order †Trichopityales * Class †Phasmatocycadopsida ** Order †Gigantopteridales ** Order †Phasmatocycadales * Class †Pentoxylopsida ** Order †Pentoxylales * Class †Dictyopteridiopsida ** Order †Dictyopteridiales ** Order †Lidgettoniales ** Order †Rigbyales * Class †Cycadeoideopsida ** Order †Fredlindiales ** Order †Cycadeoideales * Class †Caytoniopsida ** Order †Caytoniales * Class †Axelrodiopsida ** Order †Axelrodiales * Class Pinopsida ** †Subclass Pityidae *** †Order Pityales ** Subclass Cycadopsida, Cycadidae *** Order ?†Noeggerathiopsidales *** Order †Podozamitales *** Order Cycadales (Cycads) ** Subclass Ginkgoopsida, Ginkgoidae *** Order †Hamshawviales *** Order †Vladimariales *** Order †Matatiellales *** Order †Petriellales *** Order †Czekanowskiales *** Order Ginkgoales ** Subclass Pinopsida, Pinidae *** Order †Cordaitales *** Order †Dordrechtitales *** Order †Vojnovskyales *** Order †Buriadiales *** Order †Ferugliocladales *** Order †Ullmanniales *** Order †Walchiales *** Order †Voltziales *** Order †Bernettiales *** Order †Eoanthales *** Order †Fraxinopsiales *** Order Gnetales (incl. Ephedrales & Welwitschiales) *** Order Pinales (Pines and allies) *** Order Araucariales *** Order Cupressales (Cypresses and allies) * Class Angiosperm, Magnoliopsida ** Subclass †Archaemagnoliidae *** Order †Archaefructales ** Superorder Amborellanae *** Order Amborellales ** Subclass Nymphaeidae *** Order Nymphaeales ** Subclass Illiciidae *** Order Austrobaileyales ** Subclass Chloranthidae *** Order Chloranthales ** Subclass Magnoliids, Magnoliidae *** Order Canellales *** Order Piperales *** Order Laurales *** Order Magnoliales ** Subclass Monocots, Liliidae *** Superorder Acoranae **** Order Acorales *** Superorder Alismatanae **** Order Alismatales *** Superorder Petrosavianae **** Order Petrosaviales *** Superorder Pandananae **** Order Dioscoreales **** Order Pandanales *** Superorder Lilianae **** Order Liliales *** Superorder Orchidanae **** Order Asparagales *** Superorder Commelinids ***** Order Arecales ***** Order Commelinales ***** Order Zingiberales ***** Order Poales ** Subclass Ceratophyllidae *** Order Ceratophyllales ** Clade Eudicots *** Order ?†Sarbaicarpales *** Subclass Ranunculidae **** Order Ranunculales *** Subclass Nelumbonidae **** Order Proteales *** Subclass Trochodendridae **** Order Trochodendrales *** Superorder Buxanae **** Order Buxales *** Superorder Myrothamnanae **** Order Gunnerales *** Clade Pentapetalae **** Subclass Dilleniidae ***** Order Dilleniales **** Subclass Superasterids, Asteridae ***** Superorder Berberidopsidanae ****** Order Berberidopsidales ***** Superorder Santalanae ****** Order Santalales ***** Superorder Caryophyllanae ****** Order Caryophyllales ***** Superorder Cornanae ****** Order Cornales ***** Superorder Ericanae ****** Order Ericales ***** Superorder Campanulids, Asteranae ****** Order Apiales ****** Order Aquifoliales ****** Order Asterales ****** Order Bruniales ****** Order Dipsacales ****** Order Escalloniales ****** Order Paracryphiales ***** Superorder Lamiids, Lamianae ****** Order Boraginales ****** Order Garryales ****** Order Gentianales ****** Order Icacinales ****** Order Lamiales ****** Order Metteniusales ****** Order Solanales ****** Order Vahliales **** Subclass Superrosids, Rosidae ***** Superorder Saxifraganae ****** Order Saxifragales ***** Superorder Vitanae ****** Order Vitales ***** Superorder Fabids, Rosanae ****** Order Zygophyllales ****** Order Celastrales ****** Order Malpighiales ****** Order Oxalidales ****** Order Fabales ****** Order Cucurbitales ****** Order Fagales ****** Order Rosales ***** Superorder Malvids, Myrtanae ****** Order Geraniales ****** Order Myrtales ****** Order Crossosomatales ****** Order Picramniales ****** Order Sapindales ****** Order Huerteales ****** Order Malvales ****** Order Brassicales


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Plant orders Plant orders, Taxonomic lists (orders) Biology-related lists Gardening lists Botanical nomenclature Lists of plants, Orders