This is a list of known pirates,

buccaneer Buccaneers were a kind of privateers or free sailors particular to the Caribbean Sea during the 17th and 18th centuries. First established on northern Hispaniola as early as 1625, their heyday was from the Restoration in 1660 until about 168 ...

s, corsairs,

privateer A privateer is a private person or ship that engages in maritime warfare under a commission of war. Since robbery under arms was a common aspect of seaborne trade, until the early 19th century all merchant ships carried arms. A sovereign or deleg ...

river pirates A river pirate is a pirate who operates along a river. The term has been used to describe many different kinds of pirate groups who carry out riverine attacks in Asia, Africa, Europe, North America, and South America. They are usually prosecuted ...

, and others involved in

piracy Piracy is an act of robbery or criminal violence by ship or boat-borne attackers upon another ship or a coastal area, typically with the goal of stealing cargo and other valuable goods. Those who conduct acts of piracy are called pirates, v ...

and piracy-related activities. This list includes both captains and prominent crew members. For a list of female pirates, see women in piracy. For pirates of fiction or myth, see list of fictional pirates.

Ancient World: 315 BC–197 AD

Middle Ages: 400–1585

Rise of the English Sea Dogs and Dutch Corsairs: 1560–1650

1590 or later Marcus Gheeraerts, Sir Francis Drake Buckland Abbey, Devon

Age of the Buccaneers: 1650–1690

William Dampier - Project Gutenberg eText 15675

Golden Age of Piracy: 1690–1730

Post Golden Age: pirates, privateers, smugglers, and river pirates: 1730–1885

Anonymous_portrait_of_Jean_Lafitte,_early_19th_century,_Rosenberg_Library,_Galveston,_Texas

Renegades of the West Indies: 1820–1830

Piracy in East and Southeast Asia: 1400–1860

Blackbirders, Shanghaiers, Crimps and African Slave Traders: 1860–1900

Piracy from the 20th–21st century: 1901–

References

* Abulafia, D., ''The Boundless Sea: A Human History of the Oceans'' (2019) * Bulwer, Edward Lytton. ''Athens, Its Rise and Fall: With Views of the Literature, Philosophy, and Social Life of the Athenian People''. New York: Harper & brothers Publishers, 1852. * Emanuel, J.P., ''Black Ships and Sea Raiders: The Late Bronze and Early Iron Age Context of Odysseus' Second Cretan Lie'' (2017) * Fleming, R., ''Britain after Rome. The Fall and Rise 400 to 1070'' (2010) * Fouracre, P (ed)., ''The New Cambridge Medieval History''. Volume I c. 500–c. 700''; Hamerow, H., ''The earliest Anglo-Saxon kingdoms''; Lebecq, S., ''The northern Seas (fifth to eighth centuries)'' (2005) * Haywood, J., ''Dark Age Naval Power. A Reassessment of Frankish and Anglo-Saxon Seafaring Activity'' (1999) *

Livy Titus Livius (; 59 BC – AD 17), known in English as Livy ( ), was a Roman historian. He wrote a monumental history of Rome and the Roman people, titled , covering the period from the earliest legends of Rome before the traditional founding in ...

''History of Rome''
Rev. Canon Roberts (translator), Ernest Rhys (Ed.); (1905) London: J. M. Dent & Sons, Ltd. * Pearson, A.F., ''Barbarian Piracy and the Saxon Shore; A reappraisal'' (2005) *

Plutarch Plutarch (; grc-gre, Πλούταρχος, ''Ploútarchos''; ; – after AD 119) was a Greek Middle Platonist philosopher, historian, biographer, essayist, and priest at the Temple of Apollo in Delphi. He is known primarily for hi ...

, "Aratus" in ''Plutarch's Lives'', Arthur Hugh Clough (editor),

John Dryden '' John Dryden (; – ) was an English poet, literary critic, translator, and playwright who in 1668 was appointed England's first Poet Laureate. He is seen as dominating the literary life of Restoration England to such a point that the per ...

(translator). Two volumes. Modern Library; Modern Library Paperback Ed edition (2001)
Downloadable version
at Project Gutenberg. Vol. 2: . * Polybius
''Histories''
Evelyn S. Shuckburgh (translator); London, New York. Macmillan (1889); Reprint Bloomington (1962). * Pritchett, William Kendrick. ''The Greek State at War''. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1974. * Rawlinson, George; Benjamin Jowett, Henry Graham Dakyns and Edward James Chinnock. ''Greek Historians: The Complete and Unabridged Historical Works of Herodotus, Thucydides, Xenophon and Arrian''. New York: Random House Incorporated, 1942. * Rogozinski, Jan. ''Pirates!: Brigands, Buccaneers, and Privateers in Fact, Fiction, and Legend''. New York: Da Capo Press, 1996. * Shaw, Philip. ''The Sublime''. New York: Routledge, 2006. * Strabo
''Geography''
translated by Horace Leonard Jones; Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd. (1924). Books 8–9: , Books 13–14: . * Thirlwall, Connop. ''A History of Greece''. London: Longman, Brown, Green & Longmans, 1846. * Walbank, F. W., ''Philip V of Macedon'', The University Press (1940). * Waltari, Mika; ''The Etruscan'' (Turms kuolematon, 1955). * Wilkes, John, ''The Illyrians (Peoples of Europe)'', Blackwell Publishers, (1995) .

Middle Ages

* Bono, Salvatore, ''Corsari nel Mediterraneo'' (''Corsairs in the Mediterranean''), Oscar Storia Mondadori. Perugia, 1993. * Bottling, Douglas. ''The Pirates''. Alexandria, Virginia: Time-Life Books Inc., 1978. * Bracker, Jörgen : Klaus Störtebeker – only one of them. The history of the Vitalienbrüder. In: Wilfried honour-break (Hrsg.): Störtebeker. 600 years after its death (Hansi studies; Bd. 15). Porta Alba publishing house, Luebeck 2001, * Bradford, Ernle, ''The Sultan's Admiral: the Life of Barbarossa'', London, 1968. * Currey, E. Hamilton, ''Sea-Wolves of the Mediterranean,'', London, 1910 *

John of Fordun John of Fordun (before 1360 – c. 1384) was a Scottish chronicler. It is generally stated that he was born at Fordoun, Mearns. It is certain that he was a secular priest, and that he composed his history in the latter part of the 14th ce ...

, ''Chronicle of the Scottish Nation.'' Edited by

William Forbes Skene William Forbes Skene WS FRSE FSA(Scot) DCL LLD (7 June 1809 – 29 August 1892), was a Scottish lawyer, historian and antiquary. He co-founded the Scottish legal firm Skene Edwards which was prominent throughout the 20th century but disappeare ...

, translated by Felix J.H. Skene. Reprinted, Llanerch Press, Lampeter, 1993. * Knecht, R.J. ''Renaissance Warrior and Patron: The Reign of Francis I''. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996. * McDonald, R. Andrew ''Outlaws of Medieval Scotland: Challenges to the Canmore Kings, 1058–1266''. Tuckwell Press, East Linton, 2003. * Meier, D., ''Seefahrer, Händler und Piraten im Mittelalter'' (2004) * Oram, Richard, ''David I: The King who made Scotland.'' Tempus, Stroud, 2004. * Rogozinski, Jan. ''Pirates!: Brigands, Buccaneers, and Privateers in Fact, Fiction, and Legend''. New York: Da Capo Press, 1996. * Tschan, F.J., ''Adam of Bremen. History of the Archbishops of Hamburg-Bremen'' (2002) *

William of Newburgh William of Newburgh or Newbury ( la, Guilelmus Neubrigensis, ''Wilhelmus Neubrigensis'', or ''Willelmus de Novoburgo''. 1136 – 1198), also known as William Parvus, was a 12th-century English historian and Augustinian canon of Anglo-Saxon de ...

, ''Historia rerum anglicarum'', Book 1 Ch. 24
"Of bishop Wimund, his life unbecoming a bishop, and how he was deprived of his sight"
Full-text online. * Wolf, John B., ''The Barbary Coast: Algeria under the Turks'', New York, 1979;

Rise of the English Sea Dogs and Dutch Privateers: 1560–1650

Andrade, Tonio Tonio Adam Andrade (born 1968) is an historian of History of East Asia, East Asian history and the history of East Asian trading networks. Bibliography * ''Commerce, Culture, and Conflict: Taiwan Under European Rule, 1624–1662''. Yale Universi ...

. ''The Company's Chinese Pirates: How the Dutch East India Company Tried to Lead a Coalition of Pirates to War Against China, 1621–1662]''. * Bicheno, Hugh ''Crescent and Cross: The Battle of Lepanto 1571'', Phoenix Paperback, 2004, * * * Currey, E. Hamilton ''Sea-Wolves of the Mediterranean'', London, 1910. * * Gerhard, Peter. ''Pirates of New Spain, 1575–1742''. Mineola, NY: Courier Dover Publications, 2003. * van der Hoven, Marco, ed. ''Exercise of Arms: Warfare in the Netherlands, 1568–1648''. Brill Academic Publishers, 1997. * Hughes-Hallett, Lucy. ''Heroes: A History of Hero Worship.'' Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 2004. . * Kupperman, Karen Ordahl. ''Providence Island, 1630–1641: The Other Puritan Colony''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993. * Lane, Kris E. ''Pillaging the Empire: Piracy in the Americas, 1500–1750''. Armonk, New York: M.E. Sharpe, 1998. * Lunsford, V.W., ''Piracy and Privateering in the Golden Age Netherlands'' (2005) * Manthorpe, Jonathan. ''Forbidden Nation: A History of Taiwan''. New York, 2005. * Mattingly, Garett, '' The Defeat of the Spanish Armada'', – a detailed account of the defeat of the Spanish Armada, it received a special citation from the Pulitzer Prize committee in 1960. * Maxwell, Kenneth. ''Naked Tropics: Essays on Empire and Other Rogues''. London: Routledge, 2003. * Mcgrath, John Terrence. ''The French in Early Florida: In the Eye of the Hurricane''. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2000. * Michael, Franz. ''The Origin of Manchu Rule in China''. Baltimore, 1942. ''

Journal of World History The ''Journal of World History'' is a peer-reviewed academic journal that presents historical analysis from a global point of view, focusing especially on forces that cross the boundaries of cultures and civilizations, including large-scale populat ...

'', 2004 Dec.; 15(4):415–44. *

Miguel de Cervantes Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra (; 29 September 1547 (assumed) – 22 April 1616 NS) was an Early Modern Spanish writer widely regarded as the greatest writer in the Spanish language and one of the world's pre-eminent novelists. He is best kno ...

, in chapter XXXIX of his classic ''El Ingenioso Hidalgo

Don Quijote Don, don or DON and variants may refer to: Places *County Donegal, Ireland, Chapman code DON *Don (river), a river in European Russia *Don River (disambiguation), several other rivers with the name *Don, Benin, a town in Benin *Don, Dang, a vill ...

de la Mancha'', mentions Uluç Ali under the name of "Uchali", describing briefly his rise to the regency of Algiers. * Rodger, N.A.M. ''The Safeguard of the Sea; A Naval History of Britain 660–1649.'' (London, 1997). * Roding, Juliette and Lex Heerma van Voss, ed. ''The North Sea and Culture (1550–1800)''. Larenseweg, Netherlands: Uitgeverij VerLoren, 1996. * Rogozinski, Jan. ''Pirates!: Brigands, Buccaneers, and Privateers in Fact, Fiction, and Legend''. New York: Da Capo Press, 1996. * Schmidt, Benjamin. ''Innocence Abroad: The Dutch Imagination and the New World, 1570–1670''. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001. * Stradling, R.A. ''The Armada of Flanders: Spanish Maritime Policy and European War, 1568–1668'' (Cambridge Studies in Early Modern History).

Cambridge University Press Cambridge University Press is the university press of the University of Cambridge. Granted letters patent by King Henry VIII in 1534, it is the oldest university press in the world. It is also the King's Printer. Cambridge University Pre ...

, 1992. (issued in paperback 2004, ) * Wolf, John B. ''The Barbary Coast: Algeria under the Turks'', W.W. Norton, New York/London, 1979, .

Age of the Buccaneers: 1650–1690

* ''The Pirates of the Caribbean II in Tortuga in the XVII Century'' Tortuga, 1918. * Haring, Clarence. ''The Buccaneers in the West Indies in the XVII Century''. Methuen, 1910. * Walpole, Horace,
Letters, Volume 4
' (at

Project Gutenberg Project Gutenberg (PG) is a volunteer effort to digitize and archive cultural works, as well as to "encourage the creation and distribution of eBooks." It was founded in 1971 by American writer Michael S. Hart and is the oldest digital libr ...

) * Lunsford, V.W., ''Piracy and Privateering in the Golden Age Netherlands'' (2005) * Marley, David F. Pirates and Privateers of the Americas. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, Inc., 1994. * Morris, Mowbray. ''Tales of the Spanish Main''. Kessinger Publishing, 2005. * Riccardo Capoferro, ''Frontiere del racconto. Letteratura di viaggio e romanzo in Inghilterra, 1690–1750'', Meltemi, 2007. * Rogozinski, Jan. ''Pirates!: Brigands, Buccaneers, and Privateers in Fact, Fiction, and Legend''. New York: Da Capo Press, 1996. * Rogozinski, Jan. ''Pirates: an A–Z Encyclopedia''. New York: Da Capo Press, 1996. * The Voyages and Adventures of Capt. Barth. Sharp and Others in the South Sea, Being a Journal of the Same; Also Capt. Van Horn with His Buccanieres Surprising of La Veracruz; to Which Is Added the True Relation of Sir Henry Morgan His Expedition Against the Spaniards in the West-Indies and His Taking Panama; Together with the President of Panama's .e., Juan Perez de GuzmanAccount of the Same Expedition, Translated Out of the Spanish; and Col. Beeston's Adjustment of the Peace Between the Spaniards and English in the West Indies. London: Printed by B.W. for R.H. and S.T. and are to be sold by Walter Davis..., 1684. * ''The

Oxford Dictionary of National Biography The ''Dictionary of National Biography'' (''DNB'') is a standard work of reference on notable figures from British history, published since 1885. The updated ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'' (''ODNB'') was published on 23 September ...

Golden Age of Piracy: 1690–1730

* Andrews, Thomas F. (editor) (1979) ''English Privateers at Cabo San Lucas: the Descriptive Accounts of Puerto Seguro by Edward Cooke (1712) and Woodes Rogers (1712), with Added Comments by George Shelvocke (1726) and William Betagh (1728)''. Dawson's Book Shop, Los Angeles. * Bolster, W. Jeffrey. ''Black Jacks: African American Seamen in the Age of Sail''. * Breverton, Terry (2003) ''The Book of Welsh Pirates and Buccaneers''. Glyndwr Publishing. * Cooke, Edward (1712) ''A Voyage to the South Sea and Round the World''. 3 vols. Lintot, London * Ellms, Charles (1837) ''The Pirate's Own Book: Authentic Narratives of the Most Celebrated Sea Robbers''. Portland ME: Sanborn & Carter (reissued: New York: Dover Publications 1993 ) * Gilbert, H. (1986) ''The Book of Pirates''. London: Bracken Books. * Johnson, Charles (1724) ''A General History of the Pyrates''. 2 vols. London: Charles Rivington ** Johnson, Charles (1724) ''A General History of the Pyrates, from their First Rise and Settlement in the Island of Providence, to the Present Time...'' 2nd ed. London: Printed for, and sold by, T. Warner ** Johnson, Charles (1724) ''A General History of the Robberies and Murders of the Most Notorious Pirates'' (1998 ed.). Conway Maritime Press. . ** Johnson, Charles (1728) ''The History of the Pirates: containing the lives of Captain Mission....'' London: Printed for, and sold by, T. Woodward, 1728. * Little, Bryan (1960) ''Crusoe's Captain: Being the Life of Woodes Rogers, seaman, trader, colonial governor''. London: Odhams Press * Lunsford, V.W., ''Piracy and Privateering in the Golden Age Netherlands'' (2005) * Menefee, S. P. "Vane, Charles," in ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography,'' vol. 56 (2004): pp. 94–95. * Pennell, C. R. (2001) ''Bandits at Sea: a Pirates Reader''. New York: NYU Press * Pickering, David (2006) ''Pirates''. CollinsGem. New York: HarperCollins Publishers; pp. 80–82 * Rediker, Marcus (2004) ''Villains of All Nations: Atlantic Pirates in the Golden Age''. Boston: Beacon Press * Rogers, Woodes (1712) ''A Cruising Voyage Round the World''. London: Andrew Bell * Rogozinski, Jan (1996) ''Pirates!: Brigands, Buccaneers, and Privateers in Fact, Fiction, and Legend''. New York: Da Capo Press * Rogozinski, Jan (2000) ''Honor Among Thieves: Captain Kidd, Henry Every, and the Pirate Democracy in the Indian Ocean''. Stackpole Books * Seitz, Don Carlos, Gospel, Howard F. & Wood, Stephen (2002) ''Under the Black Flag: Exploits of the Most Notorious Pirates''. Mineola, New York: Courier Dover Publications * Smith, Captain Alexander (1926) ''History of the Highwaymen''. London: George Routledge & Sons * Steele, Philip (2004) ''The World of Pirates''. Boston: Kingfisher Publications * ''The Tryals of Major Stede Bonnet, and Other Pirates.'' London: Printed for Benj. Cowse at the Rose and Crown in St Paul's Church-Yard, 1719.

Decline of Piracy: 1730–1900

* Cordingly, David (1997). ''Under the Black Flag: The Romance and the Reality of Life Among the Pirates''. Harvest Books. * Gregory, Kristiana. ''The Stowaway: A Tale of California Pirates''. Scholastic Trade, 1995. * Pickering, David. "Pirates". CollinsGem. HarperCollins Publishers, New York. pp. 96–97. 2006 * Rothert, Otto A. ''The Outlaws of Cave-In-Rock'', Otto A. Rothert, Cleveland 1924; rpt. 1996

External links

;Ancient World
It all began with piracy

* ttps://web.archive.org/web/20070501193800/http://pirateshold.buccaneersoft.com/roster/pirate_roster_g.html The Pirates Hold – Entry for Glauketas ;Middle Ages
Arctic Sailors Escaped from Cyclops

Jean Ango
a
Encyclopædia Britannica.com

Genealogy – Pier Gerlofs Donia at Langenberg-Laagland.com
se
Pier Gerlofs biography, PDF

* ttps://web.archive.org/web/20070401145317/http://www.corsaridelmediterraneo.it/corsari/d/dragut.html Chronological list of important dates and events in the life of Turgut Reis (Italian)
Agreement on reparations for injuries and damages by vitalians
(made between King Henry IV of England and the Hanseatic League)
Magister Wigbold and the Likedeelers (in German)

"Heard at Byland: Wimund's Woes"
from

Byland Abbey Byland Abbey is a ruined abbey and a small village in the Ryedale district of North Yorkshire, England, in the North York Moors National Park. History It was founded as a Savigniac abbey in January 1135 and was absorbed by the Cistercian orde ...

website, Retrieved Jan. 2005. ;Rise of the English Sea Dogs and Dutch Privateers (1560–1650)
Two variants on the ballad of ''Andrew Bartin / Barton''
*

* John D. Neville

Heritage Education Program, US National Park Service. * Christian Isobel Johnstone (1831)
''Lives and Voyages of Drake, Cavendish, and Dampier''
Oliver & Boyd. From

Google Books Google Books (previously known as Google Book Search, Google Print, and by its code-name Project Ocean) is a service from Google Inc. that searches the full text of books and magazines that Google has scanned, converted to text using optical ...

. * Christian Isobel Johnstone (1892). ''Early English voyagers : or, The adventures and discoveries of Drake, Cavendish, and Dampier''. London: Nelson. From

Internet Archive The Internet Archive is an American digital library with the stated mission of "universal access to all knowledge". It provides free public access to collections of digitized materials, including websites, software applications/games, music, ...

Francois Le Clerc
at Rob Ossian's Pirate Cove

*

A timeline of Piet Hein's life

*

Piracy in the Caribbean ]The era of piracy in the Caribbean began in the 1500s and phased out in the 1830s after the navies of the nations of Western Europe and North America with colonies in the Caribbean began combating pirates. The period during which pirates were ...

;Age of the Buccaneers (1650–1690)
Jean Bart (English)

* ttps://web.archive.org/web/20081227060943/http://www.kipar.org/piratical-resources/pirate-fame.html#Edward%20Collier Famous Historical Pirates – Edward Collier
John Coxon
a
The Pirate King
* ** **

– Chapter XXI: Voyages and adventures of William Dampier – from AD 1674 *

;Golden Age of Piracy (1690–1730)
Brethren of the Coast: Captain Thomas Anstis

Biography of Bartholomew Roberts

A Biography of Stede Bonnet

Anne Bonny
a
TheWayofthePirates.com

at ''Rob Ossian's'
Pirate Cove!

Pirate Encyclopedia: Howell Davis

Biography of Miguel Henríquez

Benjamin Hornigold
a
TheWayofthePirates.com

Benjamin Hornigold
a
AgeofPirates.com
*

;Decline of Piracy (1730–1900)
The California State Military Museum - Spanish and Mexican California: Hippolyte de Bouchard and His Attacks on the California Missions

article at the Monterey County Historical Society official website – URL accessed on December 2, 2005.

* ttp://www.gasparillapiratefest.com/ Gasparilla Pirate Festival
José Gaspar site

at ''Rob Ossian's'
Pirate Cove!

Don Pedro Gilbert
a
Age of Pirates.com

''

Harper's Weekly ''Harper's Weekly, A Journal of Civilization'' was an American political magazine based in New York City. Published by Harper & Brothers from 1857 until 1916, it featured foreign and domestic news, fiction, essays on many subjects, and humor, ...

'', March 8, 1862.
"Slave Captain to be Hanged"
'' Worcester Aegis and Transcript'', December 7, 1861, p. 1. (From ''Letters of the Civil War'' (website), archived at

Wayback Machine The Wayback Machine is a digital archive of the World Wide Web founded by the Internet Archive, a nonprofit based in San Francisco, California. Created in 1996 and launched to the public in 2001, it allows the user to go "back in time" and see ...

, November 15, 2004.)
Australian Broadcasting Commission, 22 September 2003, transcript of television program on Jørgen Jørgensen

Cheung Po Tsai Cave at discoverhongkong.com
*

;Piracy in the 20th and 21st centuries
The Politics of Extinction

Detailed profile of Paul Watson by Raffi Khatchadourian
from

The New Yorker ''The New Yorker'' is an American weekly magazine featuring journalism, commentary, criticism, essays, fiction, satire, cartoons, and poetry. Founded as a weekly in 1925, the magazine is published 47 times annually, with five of these issues ...

, November 5, 2007 {{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Pirates ! Pirates Pirates Pirates 17th-century pirates 18th-century pirates 19th-century pirates

Ancient World: 315 BC–197 AD

Middle Ages: 400–1585

Rise of the English Sea Dogs and Dutch Corsairs: 1560–1650

Age of the Buccaneers: 1650–1690

Golden Age of Piracy: 1690–1730

Post Golden Age: pirates, privateers, smugglers, and river pirates: 1730–1885

Renegades of the West Indies: 1820–1830

Piracy in East and Southeast Asia: 1400–1860

Blackbirders, Shanghaiers, Crimps and African Slave Traders: 1860–1900

Piracy from the 20th–21st century: 1901–

References

Further reading

Ancient World

Middle Ages

Rise of the English Sea Dogs and Dutch Privateers: 1560–1650

Age of the Buccaneers: 1650–1690

Golden Age of Piracy: 1690–1730

Decline of Piracy: 1730–1900

External links