There are 7 orders, 17 families, 40 genera, and 60 species represented among the mammals of New England. If extirpated, coastal, introduced, and accidental species are included these numbers increase to 8 orders, 26 families, 67 genera, and 105 species. The region includes the U.S. states of

Maine Maine () is a state in the New England and Northeastern regions of the United States. It borders New Hampshire to the west, the Gulf of Maine to the southeast, and the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick and Quebec to the northeast and nor ...

New Hampshire New Hampshire is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Gulf of Maine to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec t ...

Vermont Vermont () is a U.S. state, state in the northeast New England region of the United States. Vermont is bordered by the states of Massachusetts to the south, New Hampshire to the east, and New York (state), New York to the west, and the Provin ...

Massachusetts Massachusetts (Massachusett: ''Muhsachuweesut Massachusett_writing_systems.html" ;"title="nowiki/> məhswatʃəwiːsət.html" ;"title="Massachusett writing systems">məhswatʃəwiːsət">Massachusett writing systems">məhswatʃəwiːsət'' En ...

Connecticut Connecticut () is the southernmost state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It is bordered by Rhode Island to the east, Massachusetts to the north, New York (state), New York to the west, and Long Island Sound to the ...

, and

Rhode Island Rhode Island (, like ''road'') is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It is the List of U.S. states by area, smallest U.S. state by area and the List of states and territories of the United States ...

. The makeup and distribution of the mammals in New England are largely the result of the

Last Glacial Maximum The Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), also referred to as the Late Glacial Maximum, was the most recent time during the Last Glacial Period that ice sheets were at their greatest extent. Ice sheets covered much of Northern North America, Northern Eu ...

when the

Laurentide Ice Sheet The Laurentide Ice Sheet was a massive sheet of ice that covered millions of square miles, including most of Canada and a large portion of the Northern United States, multiple times during the Quaternary glacial epochs, from 2.58 million year ...

covered virtually the entire region. Recolonization of the area appears to have occurred from one or a few southern glacial refugia. This is in contrast to the multiple glacial refugia present throughout the

American West The Western United States (also called the American West, the Far West, and the West) is the region comprising the westernmost states of the United States. As American settlement in the U.S. expanded westward, the meaning of the term ''the Wes ...

(Stone and Cook, 2000). As a consequence of both the recent uninhabitability and the few sources of recolonization,

species diversity Species diversity is the number of different species that are represented in a given community (a dataset). The effective number of species refers to the number of equally abundant species needed to obtain the same mean proportional species abundan ...

for some taxa in parts of New England are lower than in similar areas in other parts of North America.

Chipmunk Chipmunks are small, striped rodents of the family Sciuridae. Chipmunks are found in North America, with the exception of the Siberian chipmunk which is found primarily in Asia. Taxonomy and systematics Chipmunks may be classified either as ...

s and ground squirrels are exemplars of this situation. New England has one species of each, but numerous locations west of the

Rocky Mountains The Rocky Mountains, also known as the Rockies, are a major mountain range and the largest mountain system in North America. The Rocky Mountains stretch in straight-line distance from the northernmost part of western Canada, to New Mexico ...

host several species (Hall, 1981). Habitat varies throughout the region. Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont, in the north of the region, have a humid continental short summer climate, with cooler summers and long, cold winters. Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island, in the south, have a humid continental long summer climate, with hot summers and cold winters. The average rainfall for most of the region is from 1,000 to 1,500 mm (40 to 60 in) a year, although the northern parts of Vermont and Maine see slightly less, from 500 to 1,000 mm (20 to 40 in). Snowfall can often exceed 2,500 mm (100 in) annually (New England Climate Initiative, 2006). Most mammals in this region exhibit specializations for dealing with the sometimes harsh winter conditions. A comprehensive listing of all species found in the region follows.

Marsupials Marsupials are any members of the mammalian infraclass Marsupialia. All extant marsupials are endemic to Australasia, Wallacea and the Americas. A distinctive characteristic common to most of these species is that the young are carried in a po ...

Opossums, family Didelphidae

Virginia opossum The Virginia opossum (''Didelphis virginiana''), also known as the North American opossum, is the only opossum living north of Mexico, its range extending south into Central America. It is the northernmost marsupial in the world. In the United S ...

, ''Didelphis virginiana'' **Distribution: Southern Maine, southern Vermont, southern New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island

Insectivores, order
Eulipotyphla Eulipotyphla (, which means "truly fat and blind") is an order of mammals suggested by molecular methods of phylogenetic reconstruction, which includes the laurasiatherian members of the now-invalid polyphyletic order Lipotyphla, but not the ...

Shrews, family Soricidae

Northern short-tailed shrew The northern short-tailed shrew (''Blarina brevicauda'') is the largest shrew in the genus ''Blarina'', and occurs in the northeastern region of North America. It is a semifossorial, highly active, and voracious insectivore and is present in a v ...

, ''Blarina brevicauda'' **Distribution: Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island. **Subspecies: ''Blarina brevicauda angusta'' (northern Maine), ''Blarina brevicauda pallida'' (north-central Maine), ''Blarina brevicauda hooperi'' (northern Green Mountains, Vermont), ''Blarina brevicauda talpoides'' (southern and central Maine, New Hampshire, most of Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island), ''Blarina brevicauda compacta'' (Nantucket Island), and ''Blarina brevicauda aloga'' (Martha's Vineyard) according to Hall (1981). Whitaker and Hamilton (1998) argue that ''B. b. angusta'', ''B. b. pallida'', ''B. b. hooperi'', and ''B. b. talpoides'' are not valid subspecies and should be synonymized with ''B. b. brevicauda''. Hutterer (2005), however, recognizes all of these as valid subspecies. *

North American least shrew The North American least shrew (''Cryptotis parvus'') is one of the smallest mammals, growing to be only up to 3 inches long. It has a long pointed snout and a tail never more than twice the length of its hind foot. The dense fur coat is ei ...

, ''Cryptotis parva'' **Distribution: Southern Connecticut. *

Masked shrew The cinereus shrew or masked shrew (''Sorex cinereus'') is a small shrew found in Alaska, Canada, and the northern United States. This is the most widely distributed shrew in North America, where it is also known as the common shrew. Descriptio ...

, ''Sorex cinereus'' **Distribution: Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island. **Subspecies: ''Sorex cinereus cinereus'' according to Hall (1981) and Whitaker and Hamilton (1998). *

Long-tailed shrew The long-tailed shrew or rock shrew (''Sorex dispar'') is a small shrew found in Atlantic Canada and the Northeastern United States. This shrew is slate grey in color with a pointed snout, a long tail, and lighter underparts. It is found on rock ...

, ''Sorex dispar'' **Distribution: Northwestern Maine, all but southeastern New Hampshire, all but northeastern Vermont, western Massachusetts, and western Connecticut. **Subspecies: ''Sorex dispar dispar'' according to Hall (1981) and Whitaker and Hamilton (1998). *

Smoky shrew The smoky shrew (''Sorex fumeus'') is a medium-sized North American shrew found in eastern Canada and the northeastern United States and extends further south along the Appalachian Mountains The Appalachian Mountains, often called the Appa ...

, ''Sorex fumeus'' **Distribution: Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island. **Subspecies: ''Sorex fumeus umbrosus'' (all but southernmost Maine, northernmost New Hampshire, and northern Vermont) and ''Sorex fumeus fumeus'' (southernmost Maine, central and southern New Hampshire, southern Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island) according to Hall (1981). Whitaker and Hamilton (1998) do not recognize ''S. f. umbrosus'' as a valid subspecies and consider all New England ''Sorex fumeus'' to be ''S. f. fumeus''. Hutterer (2005), however, recognizes ''S. f. umbrosus'' as a valid subspecies. * Pygmy shrew, ''Sorex hoyi'' **Distribution: All but the southern tip of Maine, central and northern New Hampshire, and all but southeastern Vermont, extreme western Massachusetts. **Subspecies: ''Sorex hoyi thompsoni'' according to Hall (1981) and Whitaker and Hamilton (1998). *

American water shrew The American water shrew (''Sorex palustris'') or northern water shrew, is a shrew found in the nearctic faunal region located throughout the mountain ranges of the northern United States and in Canada and Alaska. The organism resides in semi-aq ...

, ''Sorex palustris'' **Distribution: Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island. **Subspecies: ''Sorex palustris gloveralleni'' (easternmost Maine) and ''Sorex palustris albibarbis'' (all but easternmost Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island) according to Hall (1981). Whitaker and Hamilton (1998) argue that both ''S. p. gloveralleni'' and ''S. p. albibarbis'' are not valid subspecies and all New England forms belong to the subspecies ''S. p. palustris''. Hutterer (2005), however, treats ''S. p. gloveralleni'' and ''S. p. albibarbis'' as valid subspecies.

Moles, family
Talpidae The family Talpidae () includes the moles (some of whom are called shrew moles and desmans) who are small insectivorous mammals of the order Eulipotyphla. Talpids are all digging animals to various degrees: moles are completely subterranean ...

Hairy-tailed mole The hairy-tailed mole (''Parascalops breweri''), also known as Brewer's mole, is a medium-sized North American mole. It is the only member of the genus ''Parascalops''. The species epithet ''breweri'' refers to Thomas Mayo Brewer, an American na ...

, ''Parascalops breweri'' **Distribution: Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, northern and western Connecticut, and Rhode Island. *

Eastern mole The Eastern Mole or Common Mole (''Scalopus aquaticus'') is a medium-sized North American mole. It is the only member of genus ''Scalopus''. It is found in forested and open areas with moist sandy soils in northern Mexico, the eastern Unite ...

, ''Scalopus aquaticus'' **Distribution: Central and southern Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island. **Subspecies: ''Scalopus aquaticus aquaticus'' according to Hall (1981) and Whitaker and Hamilton (1998). *

Star-nosed mole The star-nosed mole (''Condylura cristata'') is a small semiaquatic mole found in moist, low areas in the northern parts of North America. It is the only extant member of the tribe Condylurini and genus ''Condylura'', and it has more than 25, ...

, ''Condylura cristata'' **Distribution: Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island. **Subspecies: ''Condylura cristata cristata'' according to Hall (1981) and Whitaker and Hamilton (1998).

Bats, order
Chiroptera Bats are mammals of the order Chiroptera.''cheir'', "hand" and πτερόν''pteron'', "wing". With their forelimbs adapted as wings, they are the only mammals capable of true and sustained flight. Bats are more agile in flight than most bir ...

Vesper bats, family
Vespertilionidae Vespertilionidae is a family of microbats, of the order Chiroptera, flying, insect-eating mammals variously described as the common, vesper, or simple nosed bats. The vespertilionid family is the most diverse and widely distributed of bat famili ...

* Eastern small-footed bat, ''Myotis leibii'' **Distribution: Central Maine, central New Hampshire, central Vermont, western Massachusetts. **Status: Endangered in New Hampshire; Threatened in Vermont (Whitaker and Hamilton, 1998). *

Little brown bat The little brown bat or little brown myotis (''Myotis lucifugus'') is an endangered species of mouse-eared microbat found in North America. It has a small body size and glossy brown fur. It is similar in appearance to several other mouse-ea ...

, ''Myotis lucifugus'' **Distribution: Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island. **Subspecies: ''Myotis lucifugus lucifugus'' according to Hall (1981) and Whitaker and Hamilton (1998). * Northern long-eared bat, ''Myotis septentrionalis'' **Distribution: Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island. *

Indiana bat The Indiana bat (''Myotis sodalis'') is a medium-sized mouse-eared bat native to North America. It lives primarily in Southern and Midwestern U.S. states and is listed as an endangered species. The Indiana bat is grey, black, or chestnut in colo ...

, ''Myotis sodalis'' **Distribution: Southeastern and central New Hampshire, southern and central Vermont, western and central Massachusetts, all but southern Connecticut, northeastern Rhode Island. **Status: Federally endangered (Whitaker and Hamilton, 1998). * Silver-haired bat, ''Lasionycteris noctivagans'' **Distribution (summer): Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, northern and central Massachusetts. **Distribution (winter): Southeastern Connecticut. *

Eastern pipistrelle The tricolored bat (''Perimyotis subflavus'') is a species of microbat native to eastern North America. Formerly known as the eastern pipistrelle, based on the incorrect belief that it was closely related to European ''Pipistrellus'' species, th ...

, ''Perimyotis subflavus'' **Distribution: Southern New Hampshire, all but northeastern Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island. **Subspecies: ''Perimyotis subflavus subflavus'' according to Hall (1981) and Whitaker and Hamilton (1998). *

Big brown bat The big brown bat (''Eptesicus fuscus'') is a species of vesper bat distributed widely throughout North America, the Caribbean, and the northern portion of South America. It was first described as a species in 1796. Compared to other microbat ...

, ''Eptesicus fuscus'' **Distribution: Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island. **Subspecies: ''Eptesicus fuscus fuscus'' according to Hall (1981) and Whitaker and Hamilton (1998). *

Eastern red bat The eastern red bat (''Lasiurus borealis'') is a species of microbat in the family Vespertilionidae. Eastern red bats are widespread across eastern North America, with additional records in Bermuda. Taxonomy and etymology It was described in ...

, ''Lasiurus borealis'' **Distribution (summer): Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island. **Subspecies: ''Lasiurus borealis borealis'' according to Hall (1981) and Whitaker and Hamilton (1998). *

Hoary bat The hoary bat (''Lasiurus cinereus'') is a species of bat in the vesper bat family, Vespertilionidae. It lives throughout most of North America (possibly including Hawaii, although this is disputed). Taxonomy The hoary bat was described as a ...

, ''Lasiurus cinereus'' **Distribution (summer, predominantly females): Northern Maine, all but southeastern New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts. **Subspecies: ''Lasiurus cinereus cinereus'' according to Hall (1981) and Whitaker and Hamilton (1998).

Lagomorphs, order
Lagomorpha The lagomorphs are the members of the taxonomic order Lagomorpha, of which there are two living families: the Leporidae (hares and rabbits) and the Ochotonidae ( pikas). The name of the order is derived from the Ancient Greek ''lagos'' (λαγ ...

Rabbits and hares, family
Leporidae Leporidae is the family of rabbits and hares, containing over 60 species of extant mammals in all. The Latin word ''Leporidae'' means "those that resemble ''lepus''" (hare). Together with the pikas, the Leporidae constitute the mammalian order ...

Snowshoe hare The snowshoe hare (''Lepus americanus''), also called the varying hare or snowshoe rabbit, is a species of hare found in North America. It has the name "snowshoe" because of the large size of its hind feet. The animal's feet prevent it from sin ...

, ''Lepus americanus'' **Distribution: All but the southern tip of Maine, all but the southeastern New Hampshire, Vermont, most of Massachusetts, northern Rhode Island, and Connecticut. **Subspecies: ''Lepus americanus struthopus'' (northern Maine) and ''Lepus americanus virginianus'' (central Maine, all but southeastern New Hampshire, Vermont, and northeastern Massachusetts) according to Hall (1981). Whitaker and Hamilton (1998) argue that both ''L. a. struthopus'' and ''L. a. virginianus'' are not valid subspecies and should be synonymized with ''L. a. americanus''. Hoffman and Smith (2005), however, recognize both ''L. a. struthopus'' and ''L. a. virginianus'' as valid subspecies. * Black-tailed jackrabbit, ''Lepus californicus'' (introduced) **Distribution: Nantucket Island, Massachusetts. *

European hare The European hare (''Lepus europaeus''), also known as the brown hare, is a species of hare native to Europe and parts of Asia. It is among the largest hare species and is adapted to temperate, open country. Hares are herbivorous and feed mainly ...

, ''Lepus europaeus'' (introduced) **Distribution: Southwesternmost corner of Massachusetts and central and western Connecticut (persistence of population is in dispute). * Eastern cottontail, ''Sylvilagus floridanus'' **Distribution: Southern tip of Maine, southern New Hampshire, all but northeastern Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island. **Subspecies: ''Sylvilagus floridanus mallurus'' (southern New Hampshire, southeastern Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island) and ''Sylvilagus floridanus mearnsi'' (central and western Vermont) according to Hall (1981). Whitaker and Hamilton (1998) argue that both ''S. f. mallurus'' and ''S. f. mearnsi'' are not valid subspecies and should be synonymized with ''S. f. floridanus''. Hoffman and Smith (2005), however, recognize both ''S. f. mallurus'' and ''S. f. mearnsi'' as valid subspecies. *

New England cottontail The New England cottontail (''Sylvilagus transitionalis''), also called the gray rabbit, brush rabbit, wood hare, wood rabbit, or cooney, is a species of cottontail rabbit represented by fragmented populations in areas of New England, specificall ...

, ''Sylvilagus transitionalis'' **Distribution: Southeast Maine, southwest and Cape Cod Massachusetts, central New Hampshire, western and eastern Connecticut, and Rhode Island. *

European rabbit The European rabbit (''Oryctolagus cuniculus'') or coney is a species of rabbit native to the Iberian Peninsula (including Spain, Portugal, and southwestern France), western France, and the northern Atlas Mountains in northwest Africa. It has b ...

, ''Oryctolagus cuniculus'' (introduced, feral) **Distribution:

Boston Harbor Islands Boston (), officially the City of Boston, is the state capital and most populous city of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, as well as the cultural and financial center of the New England region of the United States. It is the 24th- most p ...

, Massachusetts.

Rodents, order
Rodent Rodents (from Latin , 'to gnaw') are mammals of the order Rodentia (), which are characterized by a single pair of continuously growing incisors in each of the upper and lower jaws. About 40% of all mammal species are rodents. They are n ...
ia

Squirrels, chipmunks, and marmots, family
Sciuridae Squirrels are members of the family Sciuridae, a family that includes small or medium-size rodents. The squirrel family includes tree squirrels, ground squirrels (including chipmunks and prairie dogs, among others), and flying squirrels. Squ ...

Eastern chipmunk The eastern chipmunk (''Tamias striatus'') is a chipmunk species found in eastern North America. It is the only living member of the chipmunk genus ''Tamias''. Etymology The name "chipmunk" comes from the Ojibwe word ''ajidamoo'' (or possibl ...

, ''Tamias striatus'' **Distribution: Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island. **Subspecies: ''Tamias striatus lysteri'' (Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, most of Massachusetts, northeastern Connecticut, and northern Rhode Island) and ''Tamias striatus fisheri'' (extreme southern Massachusetts, southern and central Connecticut, southern Rhode Island) according to Hall (1981). Whitaker and Hamilton (1998) argue that both ''T. s. lysteri'' and ''T. s. fisheri'' are not valid subspecies and should be synonymized with ''T. s. striatus''. Thorrington and Hoffman (2005), however, recognize both ''T. s. lysteri'' and ''T. s. fisheri'' as valid subspecies. *

Woodchuck The groundhog (''Marmota monax''), also known as a woodchuck, is a rodent of the family Sciuridae, belonging to the group of large ground squirrels known as marmots. The groundhog is a lowland creature of North America; it is found through m ...

, ''Marmota monax'' **Distribution: Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island. **Subspecies: ''Marmota monax canadensis'' (northern Maine, northern Vermont), ''Marmota monax rufescens'' (extreme western Maine, northern and southwestern New Hampshire, north central and southern Vermont, western Massachusetts, and southwestern Connecticut)), and ''Marmota monax preblorum'' (central and southern Maine, central and southeastern New Hampshire, west central Vermont, eastern Massachusetts, northwestern Connecticut, and Rhode Island) according to Hall (1981). Whitaker and Hamilton (1998) argue that ''M. m. canadensis'' and ''M. m. rufescens'', and ''M. m. preblorum'' are not valid subspecies and should be synonymized with ''M. m. monax''. Thorrington and Hoffman (2005), however, recognize ''M. m. canadensis'' and ''M. m. rufescens'', but not ''M. m. preblorum'', as valid subspecies. *

Eastern gray squirrel The eastern gray squirrel (''Sciurus carolinensis''), also known, particularly outside of North America, as simply the grey squirrel, is a tree squirrel in the genus ''Sciurus''. It is native to eastern North America, where it is the most prodi ...

, ''Sciurus carolinensis'' **Distribution: Central and southern Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island. **Subspecies: ''Sciurus carolinensis pennsylvanicus'' according to Hall (1981) and Thorrington and Hoffman (2005). Whitaker and Hamilton (1998) do not recognize ''S. c. pennsylvanicus'' as distinct from ''Sciurus carolinensis''. *

Fox squirrel The fox squirrel (''Sciurus niger''), also known as the eastern fox squirrel or Bryant's fox squirrel, is the largest species of tree squirrel native to North America. Despite the differences in size and coloration, it is sometimes mistaken for A ...

, ''Sciurus niger'' (extirpated or vagrant?) **Distribution: Formerly western Connecticut. May be vagrant in western Vermont and western Massachusetts. *

American red squirrel The American red squirrel (''Tamiasciurus hudsonicus'') is one of three species of tree squirrels currently classified in the genus ''Tamiasciurus'', known as the pine squirrels (the others are the Douglas squirrel, ''T. douglasii'', and the sou ...

, ''Tamiasciurus hudsonicus'' **Distribution: Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island. **Subspecies: ''Tamiasciurus hudsonicus gymnicus'' (Maine, all but southeasternmost New Hampshire, central and western Vermont) and ''Tamiasciurus hudsonicus loquax'' (western Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island) according to Hall (1981). Whitaker and Hamilton (1998) argue that both ''T. h. gymnicus'' and ''T. h. loquax'' are not valid subspecies and should be synonymized with ''T. h. hudsonicus''. Thorrington and Hoffman (2005), however, recognize both ''T. h. gymnicus'' and ''T. h. loquax'' as valid subspecies. *

Northern flying squirrel The northern flying squirrel (''Glaucomys sabrinus'') is one of three species of the genus '' Glaucomys'', the only flying squirrels found in North America.Walker EP, Paradiso JL. 1975. ''Mammals of the World''. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Universit ...

, ''Glaucomys sabrinus'' **Distribution: Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, western and central Massachusetts, and northwestern Connecticut. **Subspecies: ''Glaucomys sabrinus macrotis'' according to Hall (1981) and Thorrington and Hoffman (2005). Whitaker and Hamilton (1998) do not recognize ''G. s. macrotis'' as distinct from ''G. s. sabrinus''. * Southern flying squirrel, ''Glaucomys volans''

**Distribution: Southern Maine, all but northernmost New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island. **Subspecies: ''Glaucomys volans volans'' according to Hall (1981) and Whitaker and Hamilton (1998).

Beavers, family Castoridae

American beaver The North American beaver (''Castor canadensis'') is one of two extant beaver species, along with the Eurasian beaver (''Castor fiber''). It is native to North America and introduced in South America ( Patagonia) and Europe (primarily Finland ...

, ''Castor canadensis'' **Distribution: Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island. **Subspecies: Neither Helgen (2005) not Whitaker and Hall (1998) recognize any subspecies of ''Castor canadensis''. Hall (1981) considers all New England forms to be ''Castor canadensis acadicus''.

Jumping mice, family
Dipodidae Jerboas (from ar, جربوع ') are hopping desert rodents found throughout North Africa and Asia, and are members of the family Dipodidae. They tend to live in hot deserts. When chased, jerboas can run at up to . Some species are preyed on b ...

* Meadow jumping mouse, ''Zapus hudsonius'' **Distribution: Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island. **Subspecies: ''Zapus hudsonius acadicus'' (Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, and northern and central Massachusetts) and ''Zapus hudsonius americanus'' (southern Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island) according to Hall (1981). Whitaker and Hamilton (1998) treat all New England forms as ''Z. h. hudsonius''. * Woodland jumping mouse, ''Napaeozapus insignis'' **Distribution: Maine, all but southwestern New Hampshire, Vermont, western Massachusetts, and northwestern Connecticut. **Subspecies: ''Napaeozapus insignis insignis'' according to Hall (1981) and Whitaker and Hamilton (1998).

New World rats and mice, voles, lemmings, and muskrats, family
Cricetidae The Cricetidae are a family of rodents in the large and complex superfamily Muroidea. It includes true hamsters, voles, lemmings, muskrats, and New World rats and mice. At almost 608 species, it is the second-largest family of mammals, and h ...

* White-footed mouse, ''Peromyscus leucopus'' **Distribution: Southern and central Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island. **Subspecies: ''Peromyscus leucopus noveboracensis'' (Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island), ''Peromyscus leucopus ammodytes'' (Monomoy Island), and ''Peromyscus leucopus fusus'' (Nantucket and Martha's Vineyard) according to Hall (1981) and Whitaker and Hamilton (1998). * Allegheny woodrat, ''Neotoma magister'' (extirpated) **Distribution (before extirpation): Western Connecticut, and southwest Massachusetts. *

Deer mouse ''Peromyscus'' is a genus of rodents. They are commonly referred to as deer mice or deermice, not to be confused with the chevrotain or "mouse deer". They are New World mice only distantly related to the common house and laboratory mouse, ''Mu ...

, ''Peromyscus maniculatus'' **Distribution: Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, northern Connecticut, and northern Rhode Island. **Subspecies: ''Peromyscus maniculatus abietorum'' (northern Maine), ''Peromyscus maniculatus gracilis'' (southern and eastern Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, northern Connecticut, and northern Rhode Island) according to Hall (1981). Whitaker and Hamilton (1998) treat all New England forms of ''Peromyscus maniculatus'' as ''P. m. maniculatus''. * Southern red-backed vole, ''Myodes gapperi'' **Distribution: Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, northern Connecticut, and Rhode Island. **Subspecies: ''Myodes gapperi ochraceous'' (Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, eastern Massachusetts, Rhode Island) and ''Myodes gapperi gapperi'' (northern Connecticut, western Massachusetts) according to Hall (1981). Whitaker and Hamilton (1998) treat all New England forms of ''Myodes gapperi'' as ''M. g. gapperi''. *

Rock vole The rock vole (''Microtus chrotorrhinus'') is a medium-sized vole found in eastern North America. It is also called the yellow-nosed vole. Description This species is similar in appearance to the larger taiga vole. It has short ears and a long ...

, ''Microtus chrotorrhinus'' **Distribution: Northern Maine, northern New Hampshire, northern Vermont. **Subspecies: ''Microtus chrotorrhinus chrotorrhinus'' according to Hall (1981) and Whitaker and Hamilton (1998). *

Beach vole The beach vole (''Microtus breweri'') or Muskeget vole is a rodent in the family Cricetidae. This close relative of the eastern meadow vole (''Microtus pennsylvanicus'') is endemic to the 0.87km² Muskeget Island, Massachusetts. Due to its re ...

, ''Microtus breweri'' **Distribution:

Muskeget Island Muskeget Island is a low sandy island to the west of Tuckernuck Island and Nantucket, in the town of Nantucket, Massachusetts, United States. Geography Muskeget Island is part of the terminal moraine marking the maximum extent of the last ...

, Massachusetts. *

Meadow vole The eastern meadow vole (''Microtus pennsylvanicus''), sometimes called the field mouse or meadow mouse, is a North American vole found in eastern Canada and the United States. Its range extends farther south along the Atlantic coast. The west ...

, ''Microtus pennsylvanicus'' **Distribution: Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island. **Subspecies: ''Microtus pennsylvanicus pennsylvanicus'' (Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island) ''Microtus pennsylvanicus shattucki'' (Tumble Down Dick Island and Isleboro Island, Maine) ''Microtus pennsylvanicus provectus'' (

Block Island Block Island is an island in the U.S. state of Rhode Island located in Block Island Sound approximately south of the mainland and east of Montauk Point, Long Island, New York, named after Dutch explorer Adriaen Block. It is part of Washingto ...

, Rhode Island) according to Hall (1981) and Whitaker and Hamilton (1998). *

Woodland vole The woodland vole (''Microtus pinetorum'') is a small vole found in eastern North America. It is also known as the pine vole. Characteristics The woodland vole has a head and body length ranging between with a short tail. Its weight ranges bet ...

, ''Microtus pinetorum'' **Distribution: Southernmost Maine, southern New Hampshire, southern Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island. **Subspecies: ''Microtus pinetorum scalopsoides'' according to Hall (1981). Whitaker and Hamilton (1998) recognizes all New England ''Microtus pinetorum'' as ''M. p. pinetorum''. *

Muskrat The muskrat (''Ondatra zibethicus'') is a medium-sized semiaquatic rodent native to North America and an introduced species in parts of Europe, Asia, and South America. The muskrat is found in wetlands over a wide range of climates and habita ...

, ''Ondatra zibethicus'' **Distribution: Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island. **Subspecies: ''Ondatra zibethicus zibethicus'' according to Hall (1981) and Whitaker and Hamilton (1998). * Northern bog lemming, ''Synaptomys borealis'' **Distribution: Northern and eastern Maine, northern New Hampshire, and extreme northeastern Vermont. **Subspecies: ''Synaptomys borealis sphagnicola'' according to Hall (1981) and Whitaker and Hamilton (1998). **Status: Threatened in Maine (Whitaker and Hamilton, 1998). * Southern bog lemming, ''Synaptomys cooperi'' **Distribution: Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island. **Subspecies: ''Synaptomys cooperi cooperi'' according to Hall (1981) and Whitaker and Hamilton (1998).

Old World rats and mice, family
Muridae The Muridae, or murids, are the largest family of rodents and of mammals, containing approximately 1,383 species, including many species of mice, rats, and gerbils found naturally throughout Eurasia, Africa, and Australia. The name Muridae comes ...
(introduced)

Brown rat The brown rat (''Rattus norvegicus''), also known as the common rat, street rat, sewer rat, wharf rat, Hanover rat, Norway rat, Norwegian rat and Parisian rat, is a widespread species of common rat. One of the largest muroids, it is a brown o ...

, ''Rattus norvegicus'' (introduced) **Distribution: Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island. *

Black rat The black rat (''Rattus rattus''), also known as the roof rat, ship rat, or house rat, is a common long-tailed rodent of the stereotypical rat genus ''Rattus'', in the subfamily Murinae. It likely originated in the Indian subcontinent, but is ...

, ''Rattus rattus'' (introduced) **Distribution: Extreme southern Maine, southeastern New Hampshire, eastern Massachusetts, all but northwestern Connecticut, and Rhode Island. *

House mouse The house mouse (''Mus musculus'') is a small mammal of the order Rodentia, characteristically having a pointed snout, large rounded ears, and a long and almost hairless tail. It is one of the most abundant species of the genus ''Mus''. Although ...

, ''Mus musculus'' (introduced) **Distribution: Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island.

Porcupines, family Erethizontidae

North American porcupine The North American porcupine (''Erethizon dorsatum''), also known as the Canadian porcupine, is a large quill-covered rodent in the New World porcupine family. It is the second largest rodent in North America, after the North American beaver ('' ...

, ''Erethizon dorsatum'' **Distribution: Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, western and central Massachusetts, and northwestern Connecticut. **Subspecies: ''Erethizon dorsatum dorsatum'' according to Hall (1981) and Whitaker and Hamilton (1998).

Carnivores, order
Carnivora Carnivora is a Clade, monophyletic order of Placentalia, placental mammals consisting of the most recent common ancestor of all felidae, cat-like and canidae, dog-like animals, and all descendants of that ancestor. Members of this group are f ...

Dogs, family
Canidae Canidae (; from Latin, '' canis'', " dog") is a biological family of dog-like carnivorans, colloquially referred to as dogs, and constitutes a clade. A member of this family is also called a canid (). There are three subfamilies found withi ...

Eastern coyote An eastern coyote in the snow near the West Virginia–Virginia state line">Virginia.html" ;"title="West Virginia–Virginia">West Virginia–Virginia state line The eastern coyote is a wild North American canine hybrid with both coyote and wolf ...

, ''Canis latrans'' **Distribution: Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island. **Subspecies: ''Canis latrans thamnos'' according to Hall (1981). Wozencraft (2005) also recognizes ''C. l. thamnos'' as a valid subspecies. Whitaker and Hamilton (1998) recognize all New England ''Canis latrans'' as ''C. l. latrans''. *

Gray wolf The wolf (''Canis lupus''; : wolves), also known as the gray wolf or grey wolf, is a large canine native to Eurasia and North America. More than thirty subspecies of ''Canis lupus'' have been recognized, and gray wolves, as popularly un ...

, ''Canis lupus'' (extirpated) **Distribution (before extirpation): Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island. **Subspecies (before extirpation): ''

Canis lupus lycaon The eastern wolf (''Canis lycaon'' or ''Canis lupus lycaon'' or ''Canis rufus lycaon'') also known as the timber wolf, Algonquin wolf or eastern timber wolf, is a canine of debated taxonomy native to the Great Lakes region and southeastern Canad ...

'' according to Hall (1981) and Whitaker and Hamilton (1998). **Status: Federally endangered (Whitaker and Hamilton, 1998). *

Gray fox The gray fox (''Urocyon cinereoargenteus''), or grey fox, is an omnivorous mammal of the family Canidae, widespread throughout North America and Central America. This species and its only congener, the diminutive island fox (''Urocyon littor ...

, ''Urocyon cinereoargenteus'' **Distribution: Southern Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, all but extreme southeastern Massachusetts, all but southeastern Connecticut, and northern Rhode Island. **Subspecies: ''Urocyon cinereoargenteus borealis'' (Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, and central Massachusetts) and ''Urocyon cinereoargenteus cinereoargenteus'' (all but southeastern Connecticut, eastern Massachusetts, and northern Rhode Island) according to Hall (1981). Whitaker and Hamilton (1998) do not recognize ''U. c. borealis'' as valid and recognize all New England ''Urocyon cinereoargenteus'' as ''U. c. cinereoargenteus''. Wozencraft (2005), however, does recognize ''U. c. borealis'' as a valid subspecies. *

Red fox The red fox (''Vulpes vulpes'') is the largest of the true foxes and one of the most widely distributed members of the Order (biology), order Carnivora, being present across the entire Northern Hemisphere including most of North America, Europe ...

, ''Vulpes vulpes'' **Distribution: Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island. **Subspecies: ''Vulpes vulpes rubricosa'' (northern Maine) and ''Vulpes vulpes fulva'' (southern Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island) according to Hall (1981). Whitaker and Hamilton (1998) do not recognize ''V. v. rubricosa'' as valid and recognize all New England ''Vulpes vulpes'' as ''V. v. fulva''. Wozencraft (2005), however, does recognize ''V. v. rubricosa'' as a valid subspecies.

Bears, family
Ursidae Bears are carnivoran mammals of the family Ursidae. They are classified as caniforms, or doglike carnivorans. Although only eight species of bears are extant, they are widespread, appearing in a wide variety of habitats throughout the Nort ...

American black bear The American black bear (''Ursus americanus''), also called simply a black bear or sometimes a baribal, is a medium-sized bear endemic to North America. It is the continent's smallest and most widely distributed bear species. American black bear ...

, ''Ursus americanus'' **Distribution: Northern and central Maine, all but southeastern New Hampshire, all but northwestern Vermont, western and central Massachusetts, and throughout Connecticut. **Subspecies: ''Ursus americanus americanus'' according to Hall (1981) and Whitaker and Hamilton (1998).

Seals, family Phocidae (coastal)

Harbor seal The harbor (or harbour) seal (''Phoca vitulina''), also known as the common seal, is a true seal found along temperate and Arctic marine coastlines of the Northern Hemisphere. The most widely distributed species of pinniped (walruses, eared se ...

, ''Phoca vitulina'' (coastal) **Subspecies: ''Phoca vitulina concolor'' according to Hall (1981) and Folkens (2002). * Gray seal, ''Halichoerus grypus'' (coastal) *

Bearded seal The bearded seal (''Erignathus barbatus''), also called the square flipper seal, is a medium-sized pinniped that is found in and near to the Arctic Ocean. It gets its generic name from two Greek words (''eri'' and ''gnathos'') that refer to its ...

, ''Erignathus barbatus'' (extremely rare coastal vagrant) *

Ringed seal The ringed seal (''Pusa hispida'') is an earless seal inhabiting the Arctic and sub-Arctic regions. The ringed seal is a relatively small seal, rarely greater than 1.5 m in length, with a distinctive patterning of dark spots surrounded by light ...

, ''Pusa hispida'' (uncommon coastal vagrant) *

Harp seal The harp seal (''Pagophilus groenlandicus''), also known as Saddleback Seal or Greenland Seal, is a species of earless seal, or true seal, native to the northernmost Atlantic Ocean and Arctic Ocean. Originally in the genus ''Phoca'' with a numbe ...

, ''Pagophilus groenlandicus'' (occasional coastal vagrant) **Subspecies: ''Pagophilus groenlandicus groenlandicus'' according to Hall (1981) and Folkens (2002). *

Hooded seal The hooded seal (''Cystophora cristata'') is a large phocid found only in the central and western North Atlantic, ranging from Svalbard in the east to the Gulf of St. Lawrence in the west. The seals are typically silver-grey or white in color, w ...

, ''Cystophora cristata'' (uncommon coastal vagrant)

Walrus, family
Odobenidae Odobenidae is a family of pinnipeds. The only living species is the walrus (''Odobenus rosmarus''). In the past, however, the group was much more diverse, and includes more than a dozen fossil genera. Taxonomy All genera, except ''Odobenus'', ...

Walrus The walrus (''Odobenus rosmarus'') is a large flippered marine mammal with a discontinuous distribution about the North Pole in the Arctic Ocean and subarctic seas of the Northern Hemisphere. The walrus is the only living species in the fami ...

, ''Odobenus rosmarus'' (extremely rare coastal vagrant, no recent records)

Raccoons, family
Procyonidae Procyonidae is a New World family of the order Carnivora. It comprises the raccoons, ringtails, cacomistles, coatis, kinkajous, olingos, and olinguitos. Procyonids inhabit a wide range of environments and are generally omnivorous. Charac ...

Common raccoon The raccoon ( or , ''Procyon lotor''), sometimes called the common raccoon to distinguish it from other species, is a mammal native to North America. It is the largest of the procyonid family, having a body length of , and a body weight of . ...

, ''Procyon lotor'' **Distribution: Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island. **Subspecies: ''Procyon lotor lotor'' according to Hall (1981) and Whitaker and Hamilton (1998).

Weasels, minks, martens, fishers, and otters, family
Mustelidae The Mustelidae (; from Latin ''mustela'', weasel) are a family of carnivorous mammals, including weasels, badgers, otters, ferrets, martens, minks and wolverines, among others. Mustelids () are a diverse group and form the largest family in th ...

Wolverine The wolverine (), (''Gulo gulo''; ''Gulo'' is Latin for " glutton"), also referred to as the glutton, carcajou, or quickhatch (from East Cree, ''kwiihkwahaacheew''), is the largest land-dwelling species of the family Mustelidae. It is a musc ...

, ''Gulo gulo'' (extirpated) **Distribution (before extirpation): Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, and western Massachusetts. *Subspecies: ''Gulo gulo'' according to Hall (1981) and Whitaker and Hamilton (1998). * River otter, ''Lontra canadensis'' **Distribution: Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, northern Connecticut, and northern Rhode Island. **Subspecies: ''Lontra canadensis canadensis'' according to Hall (1981) and Whitaker and Hamilton (1998). *

American marten The American marten (''Martes americana''), also known as the American pine marten, is a species of North American mammal, a member of the family Mustelidae. The species is sometimes referred to as simply the pine marten. The name "pine marten" ...

, ''Martes americana'' **Distribution: Northern Maine, northern New Hampshire, and northeast Vermont. Originally distributed throughout Maine, most of New Hampshire, most of Vermont, central and western Massachusetts, and northern Connecticut. **Subspecies: ''Martes americana americana'' according to Hall (1981) and Whitaker and Hamilton (1998). **Status: Endangered in Vermont; threatened in New Hampshire. *

American ermine The American ermine or American stoat (''Mustela richardsonii'') is a species of mustelid native to most of North America. Taxonomy It was long considered conspecific with the stoat (''M. erminea''), but a 2021 study found it to be a distinct ...

, ''Mustela richardsonii'' **Distribution: Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island. **Subspecies: ''Mustela richardsonii cicognanii'' according to Hall (1981) and Whitaker and Hamilton (1998). * Long-tailed weasel, ''Neogale frenata'' **Distribution: Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island. **Subspecies: ''Neogale frenata occisor'' (all but western Maine) and ''Neogale frenata noveboracensis'' (western Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island) according to Hall (1981). Whitaker and Hamilton (1998) do not recognize both ''N. f. occisor'' and ''N. f. noveboracensis'' as valid and recognize all New England ''Neogale frenata'' as ''Neogale frenata frenata''. Wozencraft (2005), however, does recognize both ''N. f. occisor'' and ''N. f. noveboracensis'' as valid subspecies. * Sea mink, ''Neogale macrodon'' (extinct) **Distribution (historic): Coastal Massachusetts and eastern Maine *

American mink The American mink (''Neogale vison'') is a semiaquatic species of mustelid native to North America, though human intervention has expanded its range to many parts of Europe, Asia and South America. Because of range expansion, the American mink i ...

, ''Neogale vison'' **Distribution: Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island. **Subspecies: ''Neogale vison vison'' (Maine, all but southernmost New Hampshire, and all but southernmost Vermont) and ''Neogale vison mink'' (southernmost New Hampshire, southernmost Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island) according to Hall (1981). Whitaker and Hamilton (1998) do not recognize ''N. v. mink'' as valid and recognize all New England ''Neogale vison'' as ''N. v. vison''. Wozencraft (2005), however, does recognize ''N. v. mink'' as a valid subspecies. *

Fisher Fisher is an archaic term for a fisherman, revived as gender-neutral. Fisher, Fishers or The Fisher may also refer to: Places Australia *Division of Fisher, an electoral district in the Australian House of Representatives, in Queensland *Elect ...

, ''Pekania pennanti'' **Distribution: Rhode Island, Connecticut, Maine, New Hampshire, all but southwestern Vermont, most of Massachusetts. Originally distributed throughout Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts and northwestern Connecticut. **Subspecies: ''Pekania pennanti pennanti'' according to Hall (1981) and Whitaker and Hamilton (1998).

Skunks, family Mephitidae

Striped skunk The striped skunk (''Mephitis mephitis'') is a skunk of the genus '' Mephitis'' that occurs across much of North America, including southern Canada, the United States, and northern Mexico. It is currently listed as least concern by the IUCN on a ...

, ''Mephitis mephitis'' **Distribution: Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island. **Subspecies: ''Mephitis mephitis nigra'' according to Hall (1981). Wozencraft (2005) also recognizes ''M. m. nigra'' as a valid subspecies. Whitaker and Hamilton (1998) recognize all New England ''Mephitis mephitis'' as ''Mephitis mephitis mephitis''.

Family
Felidae Felidae () is the family of mammals in the order Carnivora colloquially referred to as cats, and constitutes a clade. A member of this family is also called a felid (). The term "cat" refers both to felids in general and specifically to the dom ...

Canada lynx The Canada lynx (''Lynx canadensis''), or Canadian lynx, is a medium-sized North American lynx that ranges across Alaska, Canada, and northern areas of the contiguous United States. It is characterized by its long, dense fur, triangular ears ...

, ''Lynx canadensis'' **Distribution: Northern Maine, northern New Hampshire, and northern Vermont. Originally distributed throughout New England. **Status: Endangered in New Hampshire and Vermont (Whitaker and Hamilton, 1998). *

Bobcat The bobcat (''Lynx rufus''), also known as the red lynx, is a medium-sized cat native to North America. It ranges from southern Canada through most of the contiguous United States to Oaxaca in Mexico. It is listed as Least Concern on the ...

, ''Lynx rufus'' **Distribution: Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Connecticut and northern Massachusetts. **Subspecies: ''Lynx rufus rufus'' **Status: Threatened in Rhode Island. * Eastern cougar, ''Puma concolor'' (extirpated) **Distribution (before extirpation): Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island. **Subspecies (before extirpation): ''Puma concolor couguar'' according to Hall (1981) and Whitaker and Hamilton (1998). **Status: extinct.

Even-toed ungulates and whales, order
Cetartiodactyla The even-toed ungulates (Artiodactyla , ) are ungulates—hoofed animals—which bear weight equally on two (an even number) of their five toes: the third and fourth. The other three toes are either present, absent, vestigial, or pointing poste ...

Deer and moose, family
Cervidae Deer or true deer are hoofed ruminant mammals forming the family Cervidae. The two main groups of deer are the Cervinae, including the muntjac, the elk (wapiti), the red deer, and the fallow deer; and the Capreolinae, including the reind ...

Fallow deer ''Dama'' is a genus of deer in the subfamily Cervinae, commonly referred to as fallow deer. Name The name fallow is derived from the deer's pale brown colour. The Latin word ''dāma'' or ''damma'', used for roe deer, gazelles, and antelopes ...

, ''Dama dama'' (introduced) **Distribution:

Dukes County, Massachusetts Dukes County is a county located in the U.S. state of Massachusetts. As of the 2020 census, the population was 20,600, making it the second-least populous county in Massachusetts. Its county seat is Edgartown. Dukes County comprises the Vine ...

, and

* Eastern elk, ''Cervus canadensis canadensis'' (extirpated) **Distribution (before extirpation): Southern Vermont, western Massachusetts, northwestern Connecticut but sometimes in Rhode Island. **Subspecies (before extirpation): ''Cervus canadensis canadensis'' according to Hall (1981) and Whitaker and Hamilton (1998). *

White-tailed deer The white-tailed deer (''Odocoileus virginianus''), also known as the whitetail or Virginia deer, is a medium-sized deer native to North America, Central America, and South America as far south as Peru and Bolivia. It has also been introduced t ...

, ''Odocoileus virginianus'' **Distribution: Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island. **Subspecies: ''Odocoileus virginianus borealis'' according to Hall (1981). Grubb (2005) also recognizes ''O. v. borealis'' as a valid subspecies. Whitaker and Hamilton (1998) recognize all New England ''Odocoileus virginianus'' as ''O. v. virginianus''. *

Moose The moose (in North America) or elk (in Eurasia) (''Alces alces'') is a member of the New World deer subfamily and is the only species in the genus ''Alces''. It is the largest and heaviest extant species in the deer family. Most adult ma ...

, ''Alces alces'' **Distribution: Maine, all but southeastern New Hampshire, Vermont, northwest Connecticut, northernmost Massachusetts and Rhode Island. **Subspecies: ''Alces alces americana'' according to Hall (1981) and Whitaker and Hamilton (1998). *

Caribou Reindeer (in North American English, known as caribou if wild and ''reindeer'' if domesticated) are deer in the genus ''Rangifer''. For the last few decades, reindeer were assigned to one species, ''Rangifer tarandus'', with about 10 subspe ...

, ''Rangifer tarandus'' (extirpated) **Distribution (before extirpation): Maine, northern New Hampshire, northern Vermont, Massachusetts **Subspecies (before extirpation): '' Rangifer tarandus caribou''

Bovids, family
Bovidae The Bovidae comprise the biological family of cloven-hoofed, ruminant mammals that includes cattle, bison, buffalo, antelopes, and caprines. A member of this family is called a bovid. With 143 extant species and 300 known extinct species, t ...

American bison The American bison (''Bison bison'') is a species of bison native to North America. Sometimes colloquially referred to as American buffalo or simply buffalo (a different clade of bovine), it is one of two extant species of bison, alongside the ...

, ''Bison bison'' (extirpated) **Distribution (before extirpation): MassachusettsAune, K., Jørgensen, D. & Gates, C. 2017. Bison bison (errata version published in 2018). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T2815A123789863. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T2815A45156541.en. Downloaded on 07 July 2021. **Subspecies (before extirpation): ''Bison bison bison''

Right whales, family
Balaenidae Balaenidae () is a family of whales of the parvorder Mysticeti that contains two living genera: the right whales (genus '' Eubalaena''), and in a separate genus, the closely related bowhead whale (genus '' Balaena''). Evolutionary history Bal ...
(coastal)

North Atlantic right whale The North Atlantic right whale (''Eubalaena glacialis'') is a baleen whale, one of three right whale species belonging to the genus '' Eubalaena'', all of which were formerly classified as a single species. Because of their docile nature, their s ...

, ''Eubalaena glacialis'' (coastal, pelagic) *

Bowhead whale The bowhead whale (''Balaena mysticetus'') is a species of baleen whale belonging to the family Balaenidae and the only living representative of the genus '' Balaena''. They are the only baleen whale endemic to the Arctic and subarctic waters, a ...

, ''Balaena mysticetus'' (coastal, pelagic, occasionally seen in winter)

Rorquals, family
Balaenopteridae Rorquals () are the largest group of baleen whales, which comprise the family Balaenopteridae, containing ten extant species in three genera. They include the largest animal that has ever lived, the blue whale, which can reach , and the fin wha ...
(coastal)

Humpback whale The humpback whale (''Megaptera novaeangliae'') is a species of baleen whale. It is a rorqual (a member of the family Balaenopteridae) and is the only species in the genus ''Megaptera''. Adults range in length from and weigh up to . The hu ...

, ''Megaptera novaeangliae'' (coastal) *

Minke whale The minke whale (), or lesser rorqual, is a species complex of baleen whale. The two species of minke whale are the common (or northern) minke whale and the Antarctic (or southern) minke whale. The minke whale was first described by the Danish na ...

, ''Balaenoptera acutorostrata'' (coastal) *

Sei whale The sei whale ( , ; ''Balaenoptera borealis'') is a baleen whale, the third-largest rorqual after the blue whale and the fin whale. It inhabits most oceans and adjoining seas, and prefers deep offshore waters. It avoids polar and tropical w ...

, ''Balaeonoptera borealis'' (coastal) *

Fin whale The fin whale (''Balaenoptera physalus''), also known as finback whale or common rorqual and formerly known as herring whale or razorback whale, is a cetacean belonging to the parvorder of baleen whales. It is the second-longest species of ceta ...

, ''Balaeonoptera physalus'' (coastal) *

Blue whale The blue whale (''Balaenoptera musculus'') is a marine mammal and a baleen whale. Reaching a maximum confirmed length of and weighing up to , it is the largest animal known to have ever existed. The blue whale's long and slender body can ...

, ''Balaeonoptera musculus'' (coastal)

Sperm whales, family Physeteridae (pelagic)

Sperm whale The sperm whale or cachalot (''Physeter macrocephalus'') is the largest of the toothed whales and the largest toothed predator. It is the only living member of the genus ''Physeter'' and one of three extant species in the sperm whale famil ...

, ''Physeter macrocephalus'' (pelagic) *

Pygmy sperm whale The pygmy sperm whale (''Kogia breviceps'') is one of two extant species in the family Kogiidae in the sperm whale superfamily. They are not often sighted at sea, and most of what is known about them comes from the examination of stranded speci ...

, ''Kogia breviceps'' (coastal) *

Dwarf sperm whale The dwarf sperm whale (''Kogia sima'') is a sperm whale that inhabits temperate and tropical oceans worldwide, in particular continental shelves and slopes. It was first described by biologist Richard Owen in 1866, based on illustrations by n ...

, ''Kogia sima'' (coastal)

Beaked whales, family
Ziphiidae Beaked whales (systematic name Ziphiidae) are a family of cetaceans noted as being one of the least known groups of mammals because of their deep-sea habitat and apparent low abundance. Only three or four of the 24 species are reasonably well-kn ...
(pelagic)

Northern bottlenose whale The northern bottlenose whale (''Hyperoodon ampullatus'') is a species of beaked whale in the ziphiid family, being one of two members of the genus ''Hyperoodon''. The northern bottlenose whale was hunted heavily by Norway and Britain in the 19 ...

, ''Hyperoodon ampullatus'' (pelagic) *

Cuvier's beaked whale The Cuvier's beaked whale, goose-beaked whale, or ziphius (''Ziphius cavirostris'') is the most widely distributed of all beaked whales in the family Ziphiidae. It is smaller than most baleen whales yet large among beaked whales. Cuvier's beaked ...

, ''Ziphius cavirostris'' (pelagic) * True's beaked whale, ''Mesoplodon mirus'' (pelagic) * Gervais' beaked whale, ''Mesoplodon europaeus'' (pelagic) *

Sowerby's beaked whale Sowerby's beaked whale (''Mesoplodon bidens''), also known as the North Atlantic or North Sea beaked whale, is a species of toothed whale. It was the first mesoplodont whale to be described. James Sowerby, an English naturalist and artist, firs ...

, ''Mesoplodon bidens'' (pelagic) *

Blainville's beaked whale Blainville's beaked whale (''Mesoplodon densirostris''), or the dense-beaked whale, is believed to be the widest ranging mesoplodont whale. The French zoologist Henri de Blainville first described the species in 1817 from a small piece of jaw � ...

, ''Mesoplodon densirostris'' (pelagic)

Beluga and Narwhal, family
Monodontidae The cetacean family Monodontidae comprises two living whale species, the narwhal and the beluga whale and at least four extinct species, known from the fossil record. Beluga and Narwhal are native to coastal regions and pack ice around the Arctic ...
(coastal vagrant)

Beluga The beluga whale (/bɪˈluːɡə/) (Delphinapterus leucas) is an Arctic and sub-Arctic cetacean. It is one of two members of the family Monodontidae, along with the narwhal, and the only member of the genus Delphinapterus. It is also known as the wh ...

, ''Delphinapterus leucus'' (coastal vagrant)

Dolphins, family
Delphinidae Oceanic dolphins or Delphinidae are a widely distributed family of dolphins that live in the sea. Close to forty extant species are recognised. They include several big species whose common names contain "whale" rather than "dolphin", such as the ...
(coastal)

White-beaked dolphin The white-beaked dolphin (''Lagenorhynchus albirostris'') is a marine mammal belonging to the family Delphinidae (oceanic dolphins) in the suborder Odontoceti (toothed whales). Taxonomy The species was first described by the British taxonomist ...

, ''Lagenorhynchus albirostris'' (coastal) *

Atlantic white-sided dolphin The Atlantic white-sided dolphin (''Lagenorhynchus acutus'') is a distinctively coloured dolphin found in the cool to temperate waters of the North Atlantic Ocean. Description The dolphin is slightly larger than most other oceanic dolphins. It ...

, ''Leucopleurus acutus'' (coastal) *

Common bottlenose dolphin The common bottlenose dolphin or Atlantic bottlenose dolphin (''Tursiops truncatus'') is a wide-ranging marine mammal of the family Delphinidae. The common bottlenose dolphin is a very familiar dolphin due to the wide exposure it gets in captiv ...

, ''Tursiops truncatus'' (coastal) *

Atlantic spotted dolphin The Atlantic spotted dolphin (''Stenella frontalis'') is a dolphin found in warm temperate and tropical waters of the Atlantic Ocean. Older members of the species have a very distinctive spotted coloration all over their bodies. Taxonomy The Atl ...

, ''Stenella frontalis'' (coastal vagrant) *

Clymene dolphin The Clymene dolphin (''Stenella clymene''), in older texts known as the short-snouted spinner dolphin, is a dolphin endemic to the Atlantic Ocean. It is the only confirmed case of hybrid speciation in marine mammals, descending from the spinner ...

, ''Stenella clymene'' (coastal vagrant) *

Spinner dolphin The spinner dolphin (''Stenella longirostris'') is a small dolphin found in off-shore tropical waters around the world. It is famous for its acrobatic displays in which it rotates around its longitudinal axis as it leaps through the air. It is a ...

, ''Stenella longirostris'' (coastal vagrant) * Striped dolphin, ''Stenella coeruleoalba'' (pelagic vagrant) * Short-beaked common dolphin, ''Delphinus delphis'' (coastal) *

Risso's dolphin Risso's dolphin (''Grampus griseus'') is a dolphin, the only species of the genus ''Grampus''. Some of the closest related species to these dolphins include: pilot whales (''Globicephala'' spp.), pygmy killer whales (''Feresa attenuata''), melon ...

, ''Grampus griseus'' (pelagic) *

Killer whale The orca or killer whale (''Orcinus orca'') is a toothed whale belonging to the oceanic dolphin family, of which it is the largest member. It is the only extant species in the genus ''Orcinus'' and is recognizable by its black-and-white pat ...

, ''Orcinus orca'' (coastal, pelagic) *

Long-finned pilot whale The long-finned pilot whale (''Globicephala melas'') is a large species of oceanic dolphin. It shares the genus '' Globicephala'' with the short-finned pilot whale (''Globicephala macrorhynchus''). Long-finned pilot whales are known as such bec ...

, ''Globicephala melas'' (coastal) *

Short-finned pilot whale The short-finned pilot whale (''Globicephala macrorhynchus'') is one of the two species of cetaceans in the genus '' Globicephala'', which it shares with the long-finned pilot whale (''G. melas''). It is part of the oceanic dolphin family (Del ...

, ''Globicephala macrorhynchus'' (coastal)

Porpoises, family Phocoenidae (coastal)

Harbor porpoise The harbour porpoise (''Phocoena phocoena'') is one of eight extant species of porpoise. It is one of the smallest species of cetacean. As its name implies, it stays close to coastal areas or river estuaries, and as such, is the most familiar ...

, ''Phocoena phocoena'' (coastal)

References

Bibliography

*Folkens, Pieter. 2002. Guide to Marine Mammals of the World. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., New York. * Grubb, Peter. 2005. Order Artiodactyla. Pp. 637–722 ''in'' Mammal Species of the World a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder eds. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. *Hall, E. Raymond. 1981. ''The Mammals of North America''. 2 volumes. Ronald Press. *Helgen, Kristofer M. 2005. Family Castoridae. Pp. 842–843 ''in'' Mammal Species of the World a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder eds. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. *Hoffman, Robert S. and Andrew T. Smith. 2005. Order Lagomorpha. Pp. 185–211 ''in'' Mammal Species of the World a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder eds. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. *Hutterer, Rainer. 2005. Order Soricomorpha. Pp. 220–311 ''in'' Mammal Species of the World a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder eds. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. *New England Climate Initiative. Available at

(Accessed 26 July 2006). *Stone, K. D. and J. A. Cook. 2000. Phylogeography of black bears (''Ursus americanus'') of the Pacific Northwest. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 78:1218-1223. *Thorrington, Richard W. Jr. and Robert S. Hoffman. 2005. Family Sciuridae. Pp. 754–818 ''in'' Mammal Species of the World a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder eds. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. *Whitaker, John O; Hamilton, W J. 1998. ''Mammals of the Eastern United States''. Cornell University Press. {{ISBN, 0801434750. *Wozencraft, W. Christopher. 2005. Order Carnivora. Pp. 532–628 ''in'' Mammal Species of the World a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder eds. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. Fauna of New England, Mammals

New England New England is a region comprising six states in the Northeastern United States: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont. It is bordered by the state of New York to the west and by the Canadian provinces ...

Marsupials Marsupials are any members of the mammalian infraclass Marsupialia. All extant marsupials are endemic to Australasia, Wallacea and the Americas. A distinctive characteristic common to most of these species is that the young are carried in a po ...

Opossums, family Didelphidae

Insectivores, order Eulipotyphla Eulipotyphla (, which means "truly fat and blind") is an order of mammals suggested by molecular methods of phylogenetic reconstruction, which includes the laurasiatherian members of the now-invalid polyphyletic order Lipotyphla, but not the ...

Shrews, family Soricidae

Moles, family Talpidae The family Talpidae () includes the moles (some of whom are called shrew moles and desmans) who are small insectivorous mammals of the order Eulipotyphla. Talpids are all digging animals to various degrees: moles are completely subterranean ...

Bats, order Chiroptera Bats are mammals of the order Chiroptera.''cheir'', "hand" and πτερόν''pteron'', "wing". With their forelimbs adapted as wings, they are the only mammals capable of true and sustained flight. Bats are more agile in flight than most bir ...

Vesper bats, family Vespertilionidae Vespertilionidae is a family of microbats, of the order Chiroptera, flying, insect-eating mammals variously described as the common, vesper, or simple nosed bats. The vespertilionid family is the most diverse and widely distributed of bat famili ...

Lagomorphs, order Lagomorpha The lagomorphs are the members of the taxonomic order Lagomorpha, of which there are two living families: the Leporidae (hares and rabbits) and the Ochotonidae ( pikas). The name of the order is derived from the Ancient Greek ''lagos'' (λαγ ...

Rabbits and hares, family Leporidae Leporidae is the family of rabbits and hares, containing over 60 species of extant mammals in all. The Latin word ''Leporidae'' means "those that resemble ''lepus''" (hare). Together with the pikas, the Leporidae constitute the mammalian order ...

Rodents, order Rodent Rodents (from Latin , 'to gnaw') are mammals of the order Rodentia (), which are characterized by a single pair of continuously growing incisors in each of the upper and lower jaws. About 40% of all mammal species are rodents. They are n ...ia

Squirrels, chipmunks, and marmots, family Sciuridae Squirrels are members of the family Sciuridae, a family that includes small or medium-size rodents. The squirrel family includes tree squirrels, ground squirrels (including chipmunks and prairie dogs, among others), and flying squirrels. Squ ...

Beavers, family Castoridae

Jumping mice, family Dipodidae Jerboas (from ar, جربوع ') are hopping desert rodents found throughout North Africa and Asia, and are members of the family Dipodidae. They tend to live in hot deserts. When chased, jerboas can run at up to . Some species are preyed on b ...

Porcupines, family Erethizontidae

Carnivores, order Carnivora Carnivora is a Clade, monophyletic order of Placentalia, placental mammals consisting of the most recent common ancestor of all felidae, cat-like and canidae, dog-like animals, and all descendants of that ancestor. Members of this group are f ...

Dogs, family Canidae Canidae (; from Latin, '' canis'', " dog") is a biological family of dog-like carnivorans, colloquially referred to as dogs, and constitutes a clade. A member of this family is also called a canid (). There are three subfamilies found withi ...

Bears, family Ursidae Bears are carnivoran mammals of the family Ursidae. They are classified as caniforms, or doglike carnivorans. Although only eight species of bears are extant, they are widespread, appearing in a wide variety of habitats throughout the Nort ...