List of mammals of Nepal

This list of mammals of Nepal presents mammal species recorded in Nepal, of which one is critically endangered, eleven are endangered, twenty are vulnerable, and four are near threatened.
The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed on the IUCN Red List:

Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)

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The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.
*Family: Bovidae (cattle, antelope, sheep, goats)
**Genus: ''Antilope''
***Blackbuck, ''A. cervicapra''
**Genus: ''Bos''
***Gaur, ''B. gaurus''
***Wild yak, ''B. mutus''
**Genus ''Boselaphus''
***Nilgai, ''B. tragocamelus''
**Genus: ''Bubalus''
***Wild water buffalo, ''B. arnee''
**Genus: ''Capricornis''
***Mainland serow, ''C. sumatraensis''
**** Himalayan serow, ''C. s. thar''
**Genus: ''Hemitragus''
*** Himalayan tahr, ''H. jemlahicus''
**Genus: ''Naemorhedus''
***Himalayan goral ''N. goral''
** Genus: ''Ovis''
***Argali, ''O. ammon''
**Genus: ''Pseudois''
***Bharal, ''P. nayaur''
**Genus: ''Tetracerus''
***Four-horned antelope, ''T. quadricornis''
*Family: Cervidae (deer)
**Genus: ''Axis (deer), Axis''
***Chital, ''A. axis''
***Indian hog deer, ''A. porcinus''
**Genus: ''Muntiacus''
***Indian muntjac, ''M. muntjak''
**Genus: ''Rucervus''
***Barasingha, ''R. duvaucelii''
**Genus: ''Rusa (genus), Rusa''
*** Sambar deer, ''R. unicolor''
*Family: Moschidae
**Genus: ''Musk deer, Moschus''
***Alpine musk deer, ''M. chrysogaster''
*** Black musk deer, ''M. fuscus''
***White-bellied musk deer, ''M. leucogaster''
*Family: Suidae (pigs)
**Genus: ''Pig, Sus''
***Wild boar, ''S. scrofa''
*Family: Tragulidae
**Genus: ''Moschiola''
*** Indian spotted chevrotain, ''M. indica''

Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)

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There are over 260 species of carnivorans; the majority primarily eat meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.
*Suborder: Feliformia
**Family: Felidae (cats)
***Subfamily: Felinae
****Genus: ''Catopuma''
*****Asian golden cat, ''C. temminckii''
****Genus: ''Felis''
*****Jungle cat, ''F. chaus''
****Genus: ''Lynx''
*****Eurasian lynx, ''L. lynx''
****Genus: ''Otocolobus''
*****Pallas's cat, ''O. manul''
****Genus: ''Prionailurus''
*****Leopard cat, ''P. bengalensis''
*****Rusty-spotted cat, ''P. rubiginosus''
*****Fishing cat, ''P. viverrinus''
***Subfamily: Pantherinae
****Genus: ''Neofelis''
*****Clouded leopard, ''N. nebulosa''
****Genus: ''Panthera''
*****Leopard, ''P. pardus''
******Indian leopard, ''P. p. fusca''
*****Tiger, ''P. tigris''
******Bengal tiger, ''P. t. tigris''
*****Snow leopard, ''P. uncia''
**Family: Viverridae
***Subfamily: Paradoxurinae
****Genus: ''Arctictis''
*****Binturong, ''A. binturong''
****Genus: ''Paradoxurus''
*****Asian palm civet, ''P. hermaphroditus''
****Genus: ''Paguma''
*****Masked palm civet, ''P. larvata''
***Subfamily: Viverrinae
****Genus: ''Viverra''
*****Large Indian civet, ''V. zibetha''
****Genus: ''Viverricula''
*****Small Indian civet, ''V. indica''
***Subfamily: Prionodontinae
****Genus: ''Prionodon''
*****Spotted linsang, ''P. pardicolor''
**Family: Herpestidae (mongooses)
***Genus: ''Urva (genus), Urva''
****Small Indian mongoose, ''U. auropunctatus''
****Indian grey mongoose, ''U. edwardsii''
****Ruddy mongoose, ''U. smithii''
****Crab-eating mongoose, ''U. urva''
**Family: Hyaenidae (hyaenas)
***Genus: ''Hyaena''
****Striped hyena, ''H. hyaena''
*Suborder: Caniformia
**Family: Ailuridae (lesser panda)
***Genus: ''Ailurus''
****Red panda, ''A. fulgens''
**Family: Canidae (dogs, foxes)
***Genus: ''Canis''
****Golden jackal, ''C. aureus''
****Gray wolf, ''C. lupus''
***** Himalayan wolf, ''C. l. chanco''
***Genus: ''Cuon''
****Dhole, ''C. alpinus''
***Genus: ''Vulpes''
****Bengal fox, ''V. bengalensis''
****Tibetan fox, ''V. ferrilata''
****Red fox, ''V. vulpes''
**Family: Ursidae (bears)
***Genus: ''Melursus''
****Sloth bear, ''M. ursinus''
***Genus: ''Ursus (biology), Ursus''
****Brown bear, ''U. arctos''
*****Himalayan brown bear, ''U. a. isabellinus''
****Asiatic black bear, ''U. thibetanus''
*****Himalayan black bear, ''U. t. laniger''
**Family: Mustelidae (mustelids)
***Genus: ''Aonyx''
****Asian small-clawed otter, ''A. cinereus''
***Genus: ''Lutrogale''
****Smooth-coated otter, ''L. perspicillata''
***Genus: ''Martes''
****Yellow-throated marten, ''M. flavigula''
***Genus: ''Mellivora''
****Honey badger, ''M. capensis''
***Genus: ''Mustela''
****Mountain weasel, ''M. altaica''
****Yellow-bellied weasel, ''M. kathiah''
****Siberian weasel, ''M. sibirica''

Order: Cetacea (whales)

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The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully aquatic adaptation, adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.
*Suborder: Odontoceti
**Superfamily: Platanistoidea
***Family: Platanistidae
****Genus: ''Platanista''
*****Ganges river dolphin, ''P. gangetica''

Order: Chiroptera (bats)

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The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.
*Family: Pteropodidae (flying foxes, Old World fruit bats)
**Subfamily: Pteropodinae
***Genus: ''Cynopterus''
****Lesser short-nosed fruit bat, ''C. brachyotis''
****Greater short-nosed fruit bat, ''C. sphinx''
***Genus: ''Macroglossus''
****Long-tongued fruit bat, ''M. sobrinus''
***Genus: ''Pteropus''
****Indian flying fox, ''P. giganteus''
***Genus: ''Rousettus''
****Leschenault's rousette, ''R. leschenaulti''
***Genus: ''Sphaerias''
****Blanford's fruit bat, ''S. blanfordi''
*Family: Hipposideridae (leaf nosed bats)
**Genus: ''Coelops''
***East Asian tailless leaf-nosed bat, ''Coelops frithii''
**Genus: ''Hipposideros''
***Ashy roundleaf bat, ''H. cineraceus''
***Fulvus roundleaf bat, ''Hipposideros fulvus''
***Indian roundleaf bat, ''Hipposideros lankadiva''
***Intermediate roundleaf bat, ''Hipposideros larvatus''
***Pomona roundleaf bat, ''Hipposideros pomona''
*Family: Megadermatidae
**Genus: ''Megaderma'' (false vampire bats)
***Greater false vampire bat, ''Megaderma lyra''
*Family: Vespertilionidae
**Subfamily: Kerivoulinae
***Genus: ''Kerivoula''
****Painted bat, ''Kerivoula picta''
**Subfamily: Myotinae
***Genus: ''Myotis''
****Csorba's mouse-eared bat, ''Myotis csorbai''
****Daubenton's bat, ''M. daubentonii''
****Hodgson's bat, ''M. formosus''
****Kashmir cave bat, ''Myotis longipes''
****Whiskered myotis, ''Myotis muricola''
****Mandelli's mouse-eared bat, ''Myotis sicarius''
****Himalayan whiskered bat, ''Myotis siligorensis''
**Subfamily: Vespertilioninae
***Genus: ''Arielulus''
****Black-gilded pipistrelle, ''A- circumdatus''
***Genus: ''Barbastella''
****Eastern barbastelle, ''Barbastella leucomelas''
***Genus: ''Eptesicus''
****Sombre bat, ''Eptesicus tatei''
***Genus: ''Falsistrellus''
****Chocolate pipistrelle, ''Falsistrellus affinis''
***Genus: ''Hesperoptenus''
****Tickell's bat, ''Hesperoptenus tickelli''
***Genus: ''Ia (genus), Ia''
****Great evening bat, ''I. io''
***Genus: ''Nyctalus''
****Mountain noctule, ''Nyctalus montanus''
***Genus: ''Rohu's bat, Philetor''
****Rohu's bat, ''Philetor brachypterus''
***Genus: ''Pipistrellus''
****Indian pipistrelle, ''Pipistrellus coromandra''
****Java pipistrelle, ''Pipistrellus javanicus''
****Chocolate pipistrelle, ''Falsistrellus affinis''
***Genus: ''Scotomanes''
****Harlequin bat, ''Scotomanes ornatus''
****Lesser Asiatic yellow bat, ''Scotophilus kuhlii''
****Greater Asiatic yellow bat, ''Scotophilus heathii''
**Subfamily: Murininae
***Genus: ''Murina''
****Hutton's tube-nosed bat, ''Murina huttoni''
****Greater tube-nosed bat, ''Murina leucogaster''
**Subfamily: Miniopterinae
***Genus: ''Miniopterus''
****Small bent-winged bat, ''Miniopterus pusillus''
****Common bent-wing bat, ''M. schreibersii''
*Family: Molossidae
**Genus: ''Chaerephon (bat), Chaerephon''
*** Wrinkle-lipped free-tailed bat, ''Chaerephon plicata''
*Family: Rhinolophidae
**Subfamily: Rhinolophinae
***Genus: ''Rhinolophus''
**** Intermediate horseshoe bat, ''Rhinolophus affinis''
****Greater horseshoe bat, ''R. ferrumequinum''
****Blyth's horseshoe bat, ''R. lepidus'' "
****Woolly horseshoe bat, ''R. luctus''
****Big-eared horseshoe bat, ''R. macrotis''
****Pearson's horseshoe bat, ''Rhinolophus pearsoni''
****Least horseshoe bat, ''Rhinolophus pusillus''
****Rufous horseshoe bat, ''Rhinolophus rouxi''
****Chinese rufous horseshoe bat, ''Rhinolophus sinicus''
****Little Nepalese horseshoe bat, ''Rhinolophus subbadius''
****Trefoil horseshoe bat, ''Rhinolophus trifoliatus''
**Subfamily: Hipposiderinae
***Genus: ''Hipposideros''
****Great roundleaf bat, ''Hipposideros armiger''
****Pomona roundleaf bat, ''Hipposideros pomona''

Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)

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The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a Taxonomic rank, superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.
*Family: Ochotonidae (pikas)
**Genus: ''Ochotona''
*** Black-lipped pika, ''O. curzoniae''
*** Himalayan pika, ''O. himalayana''
*** Large-eared pika, ''O. macrotis''
*** Nubra pika, ''O. nubrica''
*** Royle's pika, ''O. roylei''
*Family: Leporidae (rabbits, hares)
**Genus: ''Caprolagus''
***Hispid hare, ''C. hispidus''
**Genus: ''Hare, Lepus''
***Indian hare, ''L. nigricollis''
***Woolly hare, ''L. oiostolus''

Order: Perissodactyla (odd-toed ungulates)

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The odd-toed ungulates are browsing and grazing mammals. They are usually large to very large, and have relatively simple stomachs and a large middle toe.
*Family: Equidae
**Genus: ''Equus (genus), Equus''
*** Kiang, ''E. kiang''
*Family: Rhinocerotidae
**Genus: ''Rhinoceros (genus), Rhinoceros''
*** Indian rhinoceros, ''R. unicornis''

Order: Primates

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The order Primates contains humans and their closest relatives: lemurs, Lorisoidea, lorisoids, monkeys, and apes.
*Suborder: Haplorhini
**Infraorder: Simiiformes
***Parvorder: Catarrhini
****Superfamily: Cercopithecoidea
*****Family: Cercopithecidae (Old World monkeys)
******Genus: ''Macaque, Macaca''
*******Assam macaque, ''M. assamensis''
******* Rhesus macaque, ''M. mulatta''
******Subfamily: Colobinae
*******Genus: ''Semnopithecus''
******** Tarai gray langur, ''S. hector''
******** Nepal gray langur, ''S. schistaceus''

Order: Proboscidea (elephants)

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The elephants comprise three living species and are the largest living land animals.

*Family: Elephantidae (elephants)
**Genus: ''Elephas''
*** Asian elephant, ''E. maximus''

Order: Rodentia (rodents)

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Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to .
*Suborder: Hystricognathi
**Family: Hystricidae (Old World porcupines)
***Genus: ''Hystrix (porcupine), Hystrix''
****Malayan porcupine, ''H. brachyura''
****Indian crested porcupine, ''H. indica''
*Suborder: Sciurognathi
**Family: Sciuridae (squirrels)
***Subfamily: Ratufinae
****Genus: ''Ratufa''
***** Black giant squirrel, ''Ratufa bicolor'' NT
***Subfamily: Sciurinae
****Tribe: Pteromyini
*****Genus: ''Belomys''
****** Hairy-footed flying squirrel, ''Belomys pearsonii'' DD
*****Genus: ''Hylopetes''
****** Particolored flying squirrel, ''Hylopetes alboniger'' EN
*****Genus: ''Petaurista''
****** Spotted giant flying squirrel, ''Petaurista elegans'' LC
****** Hodgson's giant flying squirrel, ''Petaurista magnificus'' LC
****** Bhutan giant flying squirrel, ''Petaurista nobilis'' NT
****** Red giant flying squirrel, ''Petaurista petaurista'' LC
***Subfamily: Callosciurinae
****Genus: ''Callosciurus''
*****Irrawaddy squirrel, ''C. pygerythrus''
****Genus: ''Dremomys''
***** Orange-bellied Himalayan squirrel, ''Dremomys lokriah'' LC
****Genus: ''Funambulus''
***** Northern palm squirrel, ''Funambulus pennantii'' LC
****Genus: ''Tamiops''
***** Himalayan striped squirrel, ''Tamiops macclellandi'' LC
***Subfamily: Xerinae
****Genus: Marmota
*****Himalayan marmot, ''M. himalayana''
**Family: Spalacidae
***Subfamily: Rhizomyinae
****Genus: ''Cannomys''
***** Lesser bamboo rat, ''Cannomys badius'' LC
**Family: Cricetidae
***Subfamily: Cricetinae
****Genus: ''Cricetulus''
***** Tibetan dwarf hamster, ''Cricetulus alticola'' LC
***Subfamily: Arvicolinae
****Genus: ''Alticola''
***** Stoliczka's mountain vole, ''Alticola stoliczkanus'' LC
***** Strachey's mountain vole, ''Alticola stracheyi'' LC
****Genus: ''Microtus''
***** Sikkim vole, ''Microtus sikimensis'' LC
**Family: Muridae (mice, rats, voles, gerbils, hamsters, etc.)
***Subfamily: Gerbillinae
****Genus: ''Tatera''
***** Indian gerbil, ''Tatera indica'' LC
***Subfamily: Murinae
****Genus: ''Apodemus''
***** Himalayan field mouse, ''Apodemus gurkha'' LC
***** Kashmir field mouse, ''Apodemus rusiges'' LC
***** Ward's field mouse, ''Apodemus wardi'' LC
****Genus: ''Bandicota''
***** Greater bandicoot rat, ''Bandicota indica'' LC
****Genus: ''Dacnomys''
***** Millard's rat, ''Dacnomys millardi'' LC
****Genus: ''Diomys''
***** Crump's mouse, ''Diomys crumpi'' DD
****Genus: ''Millardia''
***** Soft-furred rat, ''Millardia meltada'' LC
****Genus: ''Mus (genus), Mus''
***** Little Indian field mouse, ''Mus booduga'' LC
***** Fawn-colored mouse, ''Mus cervicolor'' LC
***** Cook's mouse, ''Mus cookii'' LC
***** Rock-loving mouse, ''Mus saxicola'' LC
***** Earth-colored mouse, ''Mus terricolor'' LC
****Genus: ''Niviventer''
***** Smoke-bellied rat, ''Niviventer eha'' LC
***** Chestnut white-bellied rat, ''Niviventer fulvescens'' LC
***** White-bellied rat, ''Niviventer niviventer'' LC
****Genus: ''Rattus''
***** Himalayan field rat, ''Rattus nitidus'' LC
***** Sikkim rat, ''Rattus sikkimensis'' VU
***** Tanezumi rat, ''Rattus tanezumi'' LC
*****Turkestan rat, ''R. pyctorius''
****Genus: ''Vandeleuria''
***** Asiatic long-tailed climbing mouse, ''Vandeleuria oleracea'' LC

Order: Soricomorpha (shrews, moles, and solenodons)

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The Soricomorpha are insectivorous mammals. The shrews and solenodons resemble mice while the moles are stout-bodied burrowers.
*Family: Soricidae (shrews)
**Subfamily: Crocidurinae
***Genus: ''Crocidura''
**** Grey shrew, ''C. attenuata''
**** Horsefield's shrew, ''C. horsfieldii''
***Genus: ''Suncus''
**** Etruscan shrew, ''S. etruscus'' LC
****Asian house shrew, ''S. murinus''
**** Anderson's shrew, ''Suncus stoliczkanus'' LC
****Genus: ''Soriculus''
***** Long-tailed brown-toothed shrew, ''Soriculus leucops'' LC
***** Long-tailed mountain shrew, ''Soriculus macrurus'' LC
***** Himalayan shrew, ''Soriculus nigrescens'' LC
***Tribe: Soricini
****Genus: ''Sorex''
***** Eurasian pygmy shrew, ''Sorex minutus'' LC
*Family: Talpidae (moles)
**Subfamily: Talpinae
***Tribe: Talpini
****Genus: ''Euroscaptor''
***** Himalayan mole, ''Euroscaptor micrura'' LC

Order: Pholidota (pangolins)

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The order Pholidota comprises the eight species of pangolin. Pangolins are anteaters and have the powerful claws, elongated snout and long tongue seen in the other unrelated anteater species.
*Family: Manidae
**Genus: ''Manis''
***Indian pangolin, ''M. crassicaudata''
***Chinese pangolin, ''M. pentadactyla''

Locally extinct

The following species are locally extinct in the country:
* Tibetan antelope, ''Pantholops hodgsonii''
* Pygmy hog, ''Porcula salvanius''

See also

*List of chordate orders
*Lists of mammals by region
*List of prehistoric mammals
*Mammal classification
*List of mammals described in the 2000s

References

External links

*

{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Mammals Of Nepal
Mammals of Nepal, .
Lists of biota of Nepal, Mammals
Lists of mammals of Asia, Nepal
Lists of mammals by country, Nepal
Mammals of South Asia