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This is a list of the native mammal species recorded in Argentina. As of January 2020, the list contains 402 mammal species from
The order Pilosa is extant only in the Americas and includes the anteaters,
The order Primates contains
Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40 percent of mammalian species. They have two 
*Suborder: 
**Family:
The lagomorphs comprise two families,
The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.
*Family: Noctilionidae
**Genus: '' Noctilio''
*** Lesser bulldog bat, ''N. albiventris'' LC
***
There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.
*Suborder:
The odd-toed ungulates are browsing and
The weight of even-toed
The infraorder Cetacea includes
Argentina
Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a country in the southern half of South America. Argentina covers an area of , making it the second-largest country in South America after Brazil, th ...
, of which one is extinct, seven are critically endangered, seventeen are endangered, sixteen are vulnerable, and thirty are near threatened.
The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature
The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN; officially International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) is an international organization working in the field of nature conservation and sustainable use of nat ...
; those on the left are used here, those in the second column in some other articles:
Subclass:
Theria
Theria (; Greek: , wild beast) is a subclass of mammals amongst the Theriiformes. Theria includes the eutherians (including the placental mammals) and the metatherians (including the marsupials) but excludes the egg-laying monotremes.
...
Infraclass:
Metatheria
Metatheria is a mammalian clade that includes all mammals more closely related to marsupials than to placentals. First proposed by Thomas Henry Huxley in 1880, it is a more inclusive group than the marsupials; it contains all marsupials as wel ...
Superorder:
Ameridelphia
Ameridelphia is traditionally a superorder that includes all marsupials living in the Americas except for the Monito del monte (''Dromiciops''). It is now regarded as a paraphyletic group.
Orders
The orders within this group are listed below:
* ...
=Order: Didelphimorphia (common opossums)
= ---- Didelphimorphia is the order of common opossums of theWestern Hemisphere
The Western Hemisphere is the half of the planet Earth that lies west of the prime meridian (which crosses Greenwich, London, United Kingdom) and east of the antimeridian. The other half is called the Eastern Hemisphere. Politically, the te ...
. Opossums probably diverged from the basic South America
South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere at the northern tip of the continent. It can also be described as the sout ...
n marsupial
Marsupials are any members of the mammalian infraclass Marsupialia. All extant marsupials are endemic to Australasia, Wallacea and the Americas. A distinctive characteristic common to most of these species is that the young are carried in a ...
s in the late Cretaceous
The Cretaceous ( ) is a geological period that lasted from about 145 to 66 million years ago (Mya). It is the third and final period of the Mesozoic Era, as well as the longest. At around 79 million years, it is the longest geological period of ...
or early Paleocene
The Paleocene, ( ) or Palaeocene, is a geological epoch that lasted from about 66 to 56 million years ago (mya). It is the first epoch of the Paleogene Period in the modern Cenozoic Era. The name is a combination of the Ancient Greek ''pal ...
. They are small to medium-sized marsupials, about the size of a large house cat
The cat (''Felis catus'') is a domestic species of small carnivorous mammal. It is the only domesticated species in the family Felidae and is commonly referred to as the domestic cat or house cat to distinguish it from the wild members of ...
, with a long snout and prehensile
Prehensility is the quality of an appendage or organ that has adapted for grasping or holding. The word is derived from the Latin term ''prehendere'', meaning "to grasp". The ability to grasp is likely derived from a number of different orig ...
tail.
*Family: Didelphidae (American opossums)
**Subfamily: Caluromyinae
Caluromyinae is a subfamily of opossums. It includes the extant genera '' Caluromys'' and '' Caluromysiops'', as well as the extinct '' Pachybiotherium''. Until recently, the genus ''Glironia'' was also included. It has sometimes been classed as ...
***Genus: '' Caluromys''
**** Brown-eared woolly opossum
The brown-eared woolly opossum (''Caluromys lanatus''), also known as the western woolly opossum, is an opossum from South America. It was first described by German naturalist Ignaz von Olfers in 1818. The opossum is characterized by a brown to ...
, ''C. lanatus'' LC
**Subfamily: Didelphinae
***Genus: ''Chacodelphys
The Chacoan pygmy opossum (''Chacodelphys formosa'') is a recently described genus and species of didelphimorph marsupial. The only species in ''Chacodelphys'', ''C. formosa'', was known until 2004 from only one specimen collected in 1920 in the ...
''
**** Chacoan pygmy opossum, ''Chacodelphys formosa'' NT
***Genus: ''Chironectes
The water opossum (''Chironectes minimus''), also locally known as the yapok (), is a marsupial of the family Didelphidae.* It is the only living member of its genus, ''Chironectes''. This semiaquatic creature is found in and near freshwater ...
''
**** Water opossum
The water opossum (''Chironectes minimus''), also locally known as the yapok (), is a marsupial of the family Didelphidae.* It is the only living member of its genus, ''Chironectes''. This semiaquatic creature is found in and near freshwater ...
, ''Chironectes minimus'' LC
***Genus: ''Cryptonanus
''Cryptonanus'' is a genus of opossums from South America. It includes five species found from Bolivia to Uruguay and eastern Brazil, one of which is now extinct. Although the first species were discovered in 1931, the genus was not recognized ...
''
**** Chacoan gracile opossum, ''Cryptonanus chacoensis'' LC
**** Red-bellied gracile opossum, ''Cryptonanus ignitus''
***Genus: ''Didelphis
''Didelphis'' is a genus of New World marsupials. The six species in the genus ''Didelphis'', commonly known as Large American opossums, are members of the ''opossum'' order, Didelphimorphia.
The genus ''Didelphis'' is composed of cat-sized om ...
''
**** White-eared opossum
The white-eared opossum (''Didelphis albiventris''), known as the timbu in Brazil and comadreja overa in Argentina, is an opossum species found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay. It is a terrestrial and, sometimes, arboreal a ...
, ''Didelphis albiventris'' LC
**** Big-eared opossum
The big-eared opossum (''Didelphis aurita'') also known as a saruê is an opossum species from South America. It is found in Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay.
This species, which was considered a population of the common opossum
The common ...
, ''Didelphis aurita'' LC
***Genus: ''Gracilinanus
''Gracilinanus'' is a genus of opossum in the family Didelphidae. It was separated from the genus ''Marmosa
The 27 species in the genus ''Marmosa'' are relatively small Neotropical members of the family Didelphidae. This genus is one of t ...
''
**** Agile gracile opossum
The agile gracile opossum (''Gracilinanus agilis''), is an opossum species from South America. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Peru, Paraguay, and Uruguay.
It is nocturnal, arboreal and frequents the forest understory, ...
, ''Gracilinanus agilis'' LC
**** Brazilian gracile opossum, ''Gracilinanus microtarsus'' LC
***Genus: '' Lestodelphys''
**** Patagonian opossum, ''Lestodelphys halli'' LC
***Genus: ''Lutreolina
''Lutreolina'' is a genus of opossum found in South America. Both extant species in this genus are known as lutrine opossums. They have an otter-like body plan and occasionally semiaquatic tendencies, hence the genus name ''Lutreolina'', which is ...
''
**** Big lutrine opossum
The big lutrine opossum (''Lutreolina crassicaudata''), also known as the little water opossum, comadreja colorada, thick-tailed opossum, or coligrueso is an opossum species from South America in the genus ''Lutreolina''.
Description
The big ...
, ''Lutreolina crassicaudata'' LC
**** Massoia's lutrine opossum, ''Lutreolina massoia'' LC
***Genus: ''Marmosa
The 27 species in the genus ''Marmosa'' are relatively small Neotropical members of the family Didelphidae. This genus is one of three that are known as mouse opossums. The others are '' Thylamys'' (the "fat-tailed mouse opossums") and '' Tlacua ...
''
****Subgenus: '' Micoureus''
***** White-bellied woolly mouse opossum
The white-bellied woolly mouse opossum (''Marmosa constantiae'') is a small pouchless marsupial of the family Didelphidae. It was formerly assigned to the genus '' Micoureus'', which was made a subgenus of ''Marmosa'' in 2009. The specific epith ...
, ''Marmosa constantiae'' LC
***** Tate's woolly mouse opossum, ''Marmosa paraguayana'' LC
***Genus: '' Metachirus''
**** Brown four-eyed opossum
The brown four-eyed opossum (''Metachirus nudicaudatus'') is a pouchless marsupial of the family Didelphidae. It is found in different forested habitats of Central and South America, from Nicaragua to Brazil and northern Argentina, including s ...
, ''Metachirus nudicaudatus'' LC
***Genus: ''Monodelphis
''Monodelphis'' is a genus of marsupials in the family Didelphidae, commonly referred to as short-tailed opossums. They are found throughout South America. , the most recently described species is ''M. vossi''.
Species
* Sepia short-tailed ...
''
**** Yellow-sided opossum
The yellow-sided opossum (''Monodelphis dimidiata'') is an opossum species from South America. It is found in Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay. They have grey or black fur on their dorsal side with yellowish fur on the lateral side that continues d ...
, ''Monodelphis dimidiata'' LC
**** Gray short-tailed opossum
The gray short-tailed opossum (''Monodelphis domestica'') is a small South American member of the family Didelphidae. Unlike most other marsupials, the gray short-tailed opossum does not have a true pouch. The scientific name ''Monodelphis'' is ...
, ''Monodelphis domestica'' LC
**** Pygmy short-tailed opossum, ''Monodelphis kunsi'' LC
**** Long-nosed short-tailed opossum
The long-nosed short-tailed opossum (''Monodelphis scalops''), is an opossum species in Argentina and Brazil
Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South Americ ...
, ''Monodelphis scalops'' LC
**** Southern red-sided opossum, ''Monodelphis sorex'' LC
**** One-striped opossum
The one-striped opossum (''Monodelphis unistriata'') is a possibly extinct opossum species from South America. It is known only from two specimens found in Brazil in 1821 and Argentina
Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( e ...
, ''Monodelphis unistriata'' CR
***Genus: '' Philander''
**** Southeastern four-eyed opossum
The southeastern four-eyed opossum (''Philander frenatus'') is an opossum species native to South America. It is found in Atlantic Forest ecoregions, in Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina.
Description
It is a large dark gray opossum. Dorsum (biolo ...
, ''Philander frenata'' LC
***Genus: ''Thylamys
''Thylamys'' is a genus of opossums in the family Didelphidae. The premaxillae are rounded rather than pointed. The females lack a pouch. The females' nipples are arranged in two symmetrical rows on the abdomen. All species but ''T. macrurus'' ...
''
**** Cinderella fat-tailed mouse opossum
The Cinderella fat-tailed mouse opossum (''Thylamys cinderella'') is a species of opossum in the family Didelphidae. It is found in northern Argentina and southern Bolivia, in the eastern foothills of the Andes. Its dorsal fur is gray brown to da ...
, ''Thylamys cinderella'' LC
**** Elegant fat-tailed mouse opossum
The elegant fat-tailed mouse opossum (''Thylamys elegans''), also known as the Chilean mouse opossum, is an opossum from central Chile. The type species of ''Thylamys'', it was first described by English naturalist George Robert Waterhouse in 1 ...
, ''Thylamys elegans'' LC
**** White-bellied fat-tailed mouse opossum
The white-bellied fat-tailed mouse opossum (''Thylamys pallidior'') is a species of opossum in the family Didelphidae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia,
Chile and Peru.
Taxonomy and etymology
The white-bellied fat-tailed mouse opossum is a m ...
, ''Thylamys pallidior'' LC
**** Common fat-tailed mouse opossum
The common fat-tailed mouse opossum (''Thylamys pusillus'') is a species of opossum in the family Didelphidae. It occurs in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, and Paraguay in chaco and Andean foothill habitats. Its head-and-body length is about 75 t ...
, ''Thylamys pusillus'' LC
**** Argentine fat-tailed mouse opossum
The Argentine fat-tailed mouse opossum (''Thylamys sponsorius'') was formerly considered a species opossum in the family Didelphidae. It is found in the eastern foothills of the Andes in northern Argentina and southern Bolivia. Its dorsal fur is ...
, ''Thylamys sponsorius'' LC
**** Buff-bellied fat-tailed mouse opossum
The buff-bellied fat-tailed mouse opossum (''Thylamys venustus'') is a species of opossum in the family Didelphidae. It is found in the Forest_transition, transitional and Tropical_and_subtropical_dry_broadleaf_forests, humid forests of Argentine ...
, ''Thylamys venustus'' DD
=Order:
Paucituberculata
Paucituberculata is an order of South American marsupials. Although currently represented only by the seven living species of shrew opossums, this order was formerly much more diverse, with more than 60 extinct species named from the fossil rec ...
(shrew opossums)=
----
There are six extant species of shrew opossum. They are small shrew
Shrews (family Soricidae) are small mole-like mammals classified in the order Eulipotyphla. True shrews are not to be confused with treeshrews, otter shrews, elephant shrews, West Indies shrews, or marsupial shrews, which belong to differ ...
-like marsupial
Marsupials are any members of the mammalian infraclass Marsupialia. All extant marsupials are endemic to Australasia, Wallacea and the Americas. A distinctive characteristic common to most of these species is that the young are carried in a ...
s confined to the Andes
The Andes, Andes Mountains or Andean Mountains (; ) are the longest continental mountain range in the world, forming a continuous highland along the western edge of South America. The range is long, wide (widest between 18°S – 20°S ...
.
*Family: Caenolestidae
The family Caenolestidae contains the seven surviving species of shrew opossum: small, shrew-like marsupials that are confined to the Andes mountains of South America. The order is thought to have diverged from the ancestral marsupial line very e ...
**Genus: '' Rhyncholestes''
*** Long-nosed caenolestid, ''Rhyncholestes raphanurus'' NT
Superorder: Australidelphia
=Order:
Microbiotheria
Microbiotheria is an australidelphian marsupial order that encompasses two families, Microbiotheriidae and Woodburnodontidae, and is represented by only one extant species, the monito del monte, and a number of extinct species known from fossi ...
(monito del monte)=
----
The monito del monte is the only extant member of its family and the only surviving member of an ancient order, Microbiotheria. It appears to be more closely related to Australian marsupials than to other Neotropic marsupials; this is a reflection of the South American origin of all Australasian marsupials.
*Family: Microbiotheriidae
Microbiotheriidae is a family of australidelphian marsupials represented by only one extant species, the monito del monte, and a number of extinct species known from fossils in South America, Western Antarctica, and northeastern Australia.
Micr ...
**Genus: ''Dromiciops
The monito del monte or colocolo opossum, ''Dromiciops gliroides'', also called ''chumaihuén'' in Mapudungun, is a diminutive marsupial native only to southwestern South America (Argentina and Chile). It is the only extant species in the ancient ...
''
*** Monito del monte
The monito del monte or colocolo opossum, ''Dromiciops gliroides'', also called ''chumaihuén'' in Mapudungun, is a diminutive marsupial native only to southwestern South America (Argentina and Chile). It is the only extant species in the ancient ...
, ''D. gliroides''
Infraclass:
Eutheria
Eutheria (; from Greek , 'good, right' and , 'beast'; ) is the clade consisting of all therian mammals that are more closely related to placentals than to marsupials.
Eutherians are distinguished from noneutherians by various phenotypic tra ...
Superorder:
Xenarthra
Xenarthra (; from Ancient Greek ξένος, xénos, "foreign, alien" + ἄρθρον, árthron, "joint") is a major clade of placental mammals native to the Americas. There are 31 living species: the anteaters, tree sloths, and armadillos. ...
=Order:
Cingulata
Cingulata, part of the superorder Xenarthra, is an order of armored New World placental mammals. Dasypodids and chlamyphorids, the armadillos, are the only surviving families in the order. Two groups of cingulates much larger than extant ar ...
(armadillos)=
----
Armadillos are small mammals with a bony armored shell. There are 21 extant species in the Americas, 19 of which are only found in South America, where they originated. Their much larger relatives, the pampatheres and glyptodonts
Glyptodonts are an extinct subfamily of large, heavily armoured armadillos. They arose in South America around 48 million years ago and spread to southern North America after the continents became connected several million years ago. The best-k ...
, once lived in North and South America but became extinct following the appearance of humans.
*Family: Dasypodidae
Dasypodidae is a family of mostly extinct genera of armadillos. One genus, ''Dasypus'', is extant, with at least seven living species.
__TOC__
Classification
Below is a taxonomy of armadillos in this family.
Family Dasypodidae
*† Genus ...
(long-nosed armadillos)
**Subfamily: Dasypodinae
***Genus: '' Dasypus''
**** Southern long-nosed armadillo, ''Dasypus hybridus'' NT
**** Nine-banded armadillo
The nine-banded armadillo (''Dasypus novemcinctus''), also known as the nine-banded long-nosed armadillo or common long-nosed armadillo, is a mammal found in North, Central, and South America, making it the most widespread of the armadillos. ...
, ''Dasypus novemcinctus'' LC
**** Seven-banded armadillo
The seven-banded armadillo (''Dasypus septemcinctus''), also known as the Brazilian lesser long-nosed armadillo, is a species of armadillo from South America found in Paraguay, Argentina, Bolivia and Brazil.
It is a solitary nocturnal, terrest ...
, ''Dasypus septemcinctus'' LC
**** Yepes's mulita, ''Dasypus yepesi'' DD
*Family: Chlamyphoridae
Chlamyphoridae is a family of cingulate mammals. While glyptodonts have traditionally been considered stem-group cingulates outside the group that contains modern armadillos, there had been speculation that the extant family Dasypodidae could ...
(armadillos)
**Subfamily Chlamyphorinae
***Genus: '' Calyptophractus''
**** Greater fairy armadillo, ''Calyptophractus retusus'' DD
***Genus: '' Chlamyphorus''
**** Pink fairy armadillo, ''Chlamyphorus truncatus'' DD
**Subfamily: Euphractinae
Euphractinae is an armadillo subfamily in the family Chlamyphoridae.
Euphractinae are known for having a well developed osteoderm that has large cavities filled with adipose tissue, and more hair follicles with well developed sebaceous glands i ...
***Genus: '' Chaetophractus''
**** Andean hairy armadillo
The Andean hairy armadillo (''Chaetophractus nationi'') is an armadillo found mainly in Bolivia, in the region of the Puna; the departments of Oruro, La Paz, and Cochabamba (Gardner, 1993). Nowark (1991) describes it as distributed in Bolivia a ...
, ''Chaetophractus nationi'' NE
**** Screaming hairy armadillo
The screaming hairy armadillo (''Chaetophractus vellerosus'') is a species of armadillo also known as the small screaming armadillo, crying armadillo or the small hairy armadillo. It is a burrowing armadillo found in the central and southern part ...
, ''Chaetophractus vellerosus'' LC
**** Big hairy armadillo, ''Chaetophractus villosus'' LC
***Genus: '' Euphractus''
**** Six-banded armadillo
The six-banded armadillo (''Euphractus sexcinctus''), also known as the yellow armadillo, is an armadillo found in South America. The sole extant member of its genus, it was first described by Swedish zoologist Carl Linnaeus in 1758. The six-b ...
, ''Euphractus sexcinctus'' LC
***Genus: ''Zaedyus
The pichi (''Zaedyus pichiy''), dwarf armadillo or pygmy armadillo is an armadillo native to Argentina. It is the only living member of the genus ''Zaedyus'', and the only armadillo to hibernate.
Description
Pichis are relatively small armadi ...
''
**** Pichi, ''Zaedyus pichiy'' NT
**Subfamily: Tolypeutinae
***Genus: ''Cabassous
''Cabassous'' is a genus of South and Central American armadillos. The name is the Latinised form of the Kalini word for "armadillo".
Cladogram of living ''Cabassous''
The genus contains the following four species
In biology, a specie ...
''
**** Chacoan naked-tailed armadillo
The Chacoan naked-tailed armadillo (''Cabassous chacoensis'') is a species of South American armadillo.
It is the smallest of the naked-tailed armadillos, having an average head-body length of , while the other species range from . They also ha ...
, ''Cabassous chacoensis'' NT
**** Greater naked-tailed armadillo, ''Cabassous tatouay'' LC
***Genus: ''Priodontes
The giant armadillo (''Priodontes maximus''), colloquially ''tatu-canastra'', ''tatou'', ''ocarro'' or ''tatú carreta'', is the largest living species of armadillo (although their extinct relatives, the glyptodonts, were much larger). It live ...
''
**** Giant armadillo, ''Priodontes maximus'' VU
***Genus: ''Tolypeutes
The genus ''Tolypeutes'' contains the two species of three-banded armadillos. They are restricted to open and semi-open habitats in South America.
Of the several armadillo genera, only ''Tolypeutes'' rely heavily on their armor for protection. ...
''
**** Southern three-banded armadillo
The southern three-banded armadillo (''Tolypeutes matacus''), also known as La Plata three-banded armadillo or Azara's domed armadillo, is an armadillo species from South America. It is found in parts of southwestern Brazil, northern Argentina, ...
, ''Tolypeutes matacus'' NT
=Order:
Pilosa
The order Pilosa is a clade of xenarthran placental mammals, native to the Americas. It includes the anteaters and sloths (which includes the extinct ground sloths). The name comes from the Latin word for "hairy".
Origins and taxonomy
The bi ...
(anteaters, sloths and tamanduas)=
----
The order Pilosa is extant only in the Americas and includes the anteaters, sloth
Sloths are a group of Neotropical xenarthran mammals constituting the suborder Folivora, including the extant arboreal tree sloths and extinct terrestrial ground sloths. Noted for their slowness of movement, tree sloths spend most of their l ...
s, and tamandua
''Tamandua'' is a genus of anteaters with two species: the southern tamandua (''T. tetradactyla'') and the northern tamandua (''T. mexicana''). They live in forests and grasslands, are semiarboreal, and possess partially prehensile tails. They m ...
s. Their ancestral home is South America. Numerous ground sloths, some of which reached the size of elephants, were once present in both North and South America, as well as on the Antilles, but all went extinct following the arrival of humans.
*Suborder: Folivora
Sloths are a group of Neotropical xenarthran mammals constituting the suborder Folivora, including the extant arboreal tree sloths and extinct terrestrial ground sloths. Noted for their slowness of movement, tree sloths spend most of their l ...
**Family: Bradypodidae (three-toed sloths)
***Genus: '' Bradypus''
**** Brown-throated sloth
The brown-throated sloth (''Bradypus variegatus'') is a species of three-toed sloth found in the Neotropical realm of Central and South America.
It is the most common of the four species of three-toed sloth, and is found in the forests of South ...
, ''Bradypus variegatus'' LC possibly extirpated
*Suborder: Vermilingua
Anteater is a common name for the four extant mammal species of the suborder Vermilingua (meaning "worm tongue") commonly known for eating ants and termites. The individual species have other names in English and other languages. Together with ...
**Family: Myrmecophagidae
The Myrmecophagidae are a family of anteaters, the name being derived from the Ancient Greek words for 'ant' and 'eat' (''myrmeco-'' and '). Two genera and three species are in the family, consisting of the giant anteater, and the tamanduas. T ...
(American anteaters)
***Genus: ''Myrmecophaga
The giant anteater (''Myrmecophaga tridactyla'') is an insectivorous mammal native to Central and South America. It is one of four living species of anteaters, of which it is the largest member. The only extant member of the genus ''Myrmecophag ...
''
**** Giant anteater
The giant anteater (''Myrmecophaga tridactyla'') is an insectivorous mammal native to Central and South America. It is one of four living species of anteaters, of which it is the largest member. The only extant member of the genus ''Myrmecophag ...
, ''Myrmecophaga tridactyla'' VU
***Genus: ''Tamandua
''Tamandua'' is a genus of anteaters with two species: the southern tamandua (''T. tetradactyla'') and the northern tamandua (''T. mexicana''). They live in forests and grasslands, are semiarboreal, and possess partially prehensile tails. They m ...
''
**** Southern tamandua
The southern tamandua (''Tamandua tetradactyla''), also called the collared anteater or lesser anteater, is a species of anteater from South America and the island of Trinidad in the Caribbean. It is a solitary animal found in many habitats, fro ...
, ''Tamandua tetradactyla'' LC
Superorder:
Euarchontoglires
Euarchontoglires (synonymous with Supraprimates) is a clade and a superorder of mammals, the living members of which belong to one of the five following groups: rodents, lagomorphs, treeshrews, colugos, and primates.
Evolutionary affinities wi ...
=Order:
Primate
Primates are a diverse order of mammals. They are divided into the strepsirrhines, which include the lemurs, galagos, and lorisids, and the haplorhines, which include the tarsiers and the simians ( monkeys and apes, the latter including ...
s=
----
The order Primates contains human
Humans (''Homo sapiens'') are the most abundant and widespread species of primate, characterized by bipedalism and exceptional cognitive skills due to a large and complex brain. This has enabled the development of advanced tools, cultu ...
s and their closest relatives: lemur
Lemurs ( ) (from Latin ''lemures'' – ghosts or spirits) are wet-nosed primates of the superfamily Lemuroidea (), divided into 8 families and consisting of 15 genera and around 100 existing species. They are endemic to the island of Madagas ...
s, lorisoids, tarsiers, monkeys, and ape
Apes (collectively Hominoidea ) are a clade of Old World simians native to sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia (though they were more widespread in Africa, most of Asia, and as well as Europe in prehistory), which together with its sister g ...
s.
*Suborder: Haplorhini
**Infraorder: Simiiformes
The simians, anthropoids, or higher primates are an infraorder (Simiiformes ) of primates containing all animals traditionally called monkeys and apes. More precisely, they consist of the parvorders New World monkeys (Platyrrhini) and Cata ...
***Parvorder: Platyrrhini
****Family: Cebidae
*****Subfamily: Cebinae
******Genus: ''Sapajus
Robust capuchin monkeys are capuchin monkeys in the genus ''Sapajus''. Formerly, all capuchin monkeys were placed in the genus ''Cebus''. ''Sapajus'' was erected in 2012 by Jessica Lynch Alfaro et al. to differentiate the robust (tufted) capuchin ...
''
******* Black-striped capuchin
The black-striped capuchin (''Sapajus libidinosus''), also known as the bearded capuchin, is a New World monkey in the family Cebidae. They can be found in northern and central Brazil. These capuchins mostly live in dry forests, and savannah lands ...
, ''Sapajus libidinosus'' NT
******* Black capuchin
The black capuchin (''Sapajus nigritus''), also known as the black-horned capuchin, is a capuchin monkey from the Atlantic Forest in south-eastern Brazil and far north-eastern Argentina. Historically, it was included as a subspecies of the tuft ...
, ''Sapajus nigritus'' NT
****Family: Aotidae
*****Genus: '' Aotus''
****** Azara's night monkey, ''Aotus azarae'' LC
****Family: Atelidae
The Atelidae are one of the five family (biology), families of New World monkeys now recognised. It was formerly included in the family Cebidae. Atelids are generally larger monkeys; the family includes the howler monkey, howler, spider monkey, ...
*****Subfamily: Alouattinae
Howler monkeys (genus ''Alouatta'', monotypic in subfamily Alouattinae) are the most widespread primate genus in the Neotropics and are among the largest of the platyrrhines along with the muriquis (''Brachyteles''), the spider monkeys (''Atele ...
******Genus: ''Alouatta
Howler monkeys (genus ''Alouatta'', monotypic in subfamily Alouattinae) are the most widespread primate genus in the Neotropics and are among the largest of the platyrrhines along with the muriquis (''Brachyteles''), the spider monkeys (''Atele ...
''
******* Black howler
The black howler (''Alouatta caraya'') or black-and-gold howler, is among the largest New World monkeys and a member of the '' Alouatta'' genus. The black howler is distributed in areas of South America such as Paraguay, southern Brazil, easte ...
, ''Alouatta caraya'' LC
******* Brown howler, ''Alouatta guariba'' LC
=Order:
Rodent
Rodents (from Latin , 'to gnaw') are mammals of the order Rodentia (), which are characterized by a single pair of continuously growing incisors in each of the upper and lower jaws. About 40% of all mammal species are rodents. They are n ...
ia (rodents)=
----
Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40 percent of mammalian species. They have two incisor
Incisors (from Latin ''incidere'', "to cut") are the front teeth present in most mammals. They are located in the premaxilla above and on the mandible below. Humans have a total of eight (two on each side, top and bottom). Opossums have 18, wher ...
s in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to 45 kg (100 lb).
*Suborder: Hystricomorpha
The term Hystricomorpha (from Greek ὕστριξ, ''hystrix'' 'porcupine' and Greek μορφή, ''morphē'' 'form') has had many definitions throughout its history. In the broadest sense, it refers to any rodent (except dipodoids) with a hystr ...
**Family: Erethizontidae (New World porcupines)
***Subfamily: Erethizontinae
****Genus: '' Coendou''
*****Bicolored-spined porcupine
The bicolored-spined porcupine (''Coendou bicolor'') is a species of nocturnal and arboreal rodent in the family Erethizontidae.
It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
The head and body of ''Coendou bicolor'' measure about 543& ...
, ''Coendou bicolor'' LC
*****Brazilian porcupine
The Brazilian porcupine (''Coendou prehensilis'') is a porcupine found in Brazil, Argentina, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, French Guiana, Peru, Paraguay, Suriname, Bolivia and Trinidad, with a single record from Ecuador. It inhabits tropical ...
, ''Coendou prehensilis'' LC
*****Paraguaian hairy dwarf porcupine
The Paraguaian hairy dwarf porcupine (''Coendou spinosus'') is a porcupine species from the family Erethizontidae. It is found in Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay.
They have a short tail and gray brown quills and feed on fruits, ant pu ...
, ''Coendou spinosus'' LC
**Family: Chinchillidae
The family Chinchillidae is in the order Rodentia and consists of the chinchillas, the viscachas, and their fossil relatives. This family is restricted to southern and western South America, mostly living in mountainous regions of the Andes but ...
(viscachas and chinchillas)
***Genus: '' Chinchilla''
**** Short-tailed chinchilla, ''Chinchilla chinchilla'' EN
***Genus: ''Lagidium
''Lagidium'' is a genus of rodents in the family Chinchillidae.
Taxonomy
Prior to 2009, most authors considered there to be three species of mountain viscachas. However, taxonomy sometimes differs by authors (e.g. ''L. peruanum'' is included wit ...
''
**** Southern viscacha
The southern viscacha (''Lagidium viscacia'') is a species of viscacha, a rodent in the family Chinchillidae found in Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, and Peru. It is a Colony (biology), colonial animal living in small groups in rocky mountain areas. I ...
, ''Lagidium viscacia'' LC
**** Wolffsohn's viscacha, ''Lagidium wolffsohni'' DD
***Genus: ''Lagostomus
''Lagostomus'' is a South American genus of rodents in the family Chinchillidae. It contains a single living species, the plains viscacha, and it is the only Holocene
The Holocene ( ) is the current geological epoch. It began approximately ...
''
**** Plains viscacha, ''Lagostomus maximus'' LC
**Family: Caviidae
Caviidae, the cavy family, is composed of rodents native to South America and includes the domestic guinea pig, wild cavies, and the largest living rodent, the capybara. They are found across South America in open areas from moist savanna to tho ...
(guinea pigs)
***Subfamily: Caviinae
Caviinae is a subfamily uniting all living members of the family Caviidae with the exception of the maras, capybaras, and ''Kerodon''. The subfamily traditionally contained the guinea pig or cavy-like forms along with the cursorially adapted ( ...
****Genus: ''Cavia
''Cavia'' is a genus in the subfamily Caviinae that contains the rodents commonly known as guinea pigs or cavies. The best-known species in this genus is the domestic guinea pig, ''Cavia porcellus'', a meat animal in South America and a common ...
''
***** Brazilian guinea pig, ''Cavia aperea'' LC
***** Montane guinea pig, ''Cavia tschudii'' LC
****Genus: '' Galea''
***** Common yellow-toothed cavy, ''Galea musteloides'' LC
****Genus: ''Microcavia
''Microcavia'' (mountain cavies) is a genus of rodents in the family Caviidae. They are unique within their family in that their premolar teeth do not grow and replace the original deciduous cheek teeth until after the animal is born; in other g ...
''
***** Southern mountain cavy
The southern mountain cavy (''Microcavia australis'') is a species of South American rodent in the family Caviidae.
Description
Southern mountain cavies are tailless rodents with short, speckled, greyish-yellow fur, fading to pale grey on the un ...
, ''Microcavia australis'' LC
***** Shipton's mountain cavy
Shipton's mountain cavy (''Microcavia shiptoni'') is a species of rodent in the family Caviidae. It is endemic to Argentina
Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a country in the southe ...
, ''Microcavia shiptoni'' NT
***Subfamily: Dolichotinae
Maras, subfamily Dolichotinae, are a group of rodents in the family Caviidae. These large relatives of guinea pigs are common in the Patagonian steppes of Argentina, but also live in Paraguay and elsewhere in South America. There are two extant ...
****Genus: ''Dolichotis
''Dolichotis'' is a genus of the cavy family of rodents. These large relatives of guinea pigs are common in the Patagonian steppes of Argentina, but also live in Paraguay and elsewhere in South America. It contains a single extant species, the Pa ...
''
***** Patagonian mara
The Patagonian mara (''Dolichotis patagonum'') is a relatively large rodent in the mara genus ''Dolichotis''. It is also known as the Patagonian cavy, Patagonian hare, or dillaby. This herbivorous, somewhat rabbit-like animal is found in open and ...
, ''Dolichotis patagonum'' NT
***** Chacoan mara
The Chacoan mara (''Pediolagus salinicola'') or Chacoan cavy is a relatively large South American rodent of the cavy family. They are a close relative of the better known Patagonian mara. The Chacoan mara is the sole member of the genus ''Pediola ...
, ''Dolichotis salinicola'' LC
***Subfamily: Hydrochoerinae
Hydrochoerinae is a subfamily of Caviidae, consisting of two living genera, '' Hydrochoerus'', the capybaras, and ''Kerodon'', the rock cavies. In addition, a number of extinct genera related to capybaras should also be placed in this subfamily. ...
(capybaras and rock cavies)
****Genus: ''Hydrochoerus
The genus ''Hydrochoerus'' contains two living and two extinct species of rodents from South America, the Caribbean island of Grenada, California and Panama. Capybaras are the largest living rodents in the world. The genus name is derived from t ...
''
***** Capybara, ''Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris'' LC
**Family: Dasyproctidae
Dasyproctidae is a family of large South American rodents, comprising the agoutis and acouchis. Their fur is a reddish or dark colour above, with a paler underside. They are herbivorous, often feeding on ripe fruit that falls from trees. They liv ...
(agoutis and pacas)
***Genus: '' Dasyprocta''
**** Azara's agouti, ''Dasyprocta azarae'' DD
**** Central American agouti, ''Dasyprocta punctata'' LC
**Family: Cuniculidae
***Genus: '' Cuniculus''
**** Lowland paca
The lowland paca (''Cuniculus paca''), also known as the spotted paca, is a large rodent found in tropical and sub-tropical America, from east-central Mexico to northern Argentina, and has been introduced to Cuba and Algeria.
The animal is cal ...
, ''Cuniculus paca'' LC
**Family: Ctenomyidae
A tuco-tuco is a neotropical rodent in the family Ctenomyidae.Parada, A., G. D’Elia, C.J. Bidau, and E.P. Lessa. 2011. Species Groups and the Evolutionary Diversification of Tuco-Tucos, genus ''Ctenomys'' (Rodentia: Ctenomyidae). ''Journal of M ...
***Genus: '' Ctenomys''
**** Argentine tuco-tuco
The Argentine tuco-tuco (''Ctenomys argentinus'') is a species of rodent in the family Ctenomyidae. It is endemic to Argentina
Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a country in the so ...
, ''Ctenomys argentinus'' NT
**** Southern tuco-tuco
The southern tuco-tuco (''Ctenomys australis'') is a species of rodent in the family Ctenomyidae.Woods, C. A. and Kilpatrick, C. W. (2005). "Infraorder Hystricognathi", pp. 1538–1600 in: Wilson, D. E. and D. M. Reeder''Mammal Species of the Wo ...
, ''Ctenomys australis'' EN
**** Azara's tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys azarae'' EN
**** Berg's tuco-tuco
Berg's tuco-tuco (''Ctenomys bergi'') is a species of rodent in the family Ctenomyidae, named after the Latvian-Argentine biologist Frederico Guillermo Carlos Berg. It is endemic to northwestern Córdoba Province in central Argentina
A ...
, ''Ctenomys bergi'' EN
**** Bolivian tuco-tuco
The Bolivian tuco-tuco (''Ctenomys boliviensis'') is a species of rodent in the family Ctenomyidae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, and Paraguay
Paraguay (; ), officially the Republic of Paraguay ( es, República del Paraguay, links=no ...
, ''Ctenomys boliviensis'' LC
**** Bonetto's tuco-tuco
Bonetto's tuco-tuco (''Ctenomys bonettoi'') is a species of rodent in the family Ctenomyidae. It is endemic to Argentina
Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a country in the southern ...
, ''Ctenomys bonettoi'' EN
**** Budin's tuco-tuco
Budin's tuco-tuco (''Ctenomys budini'') was formerly considered a species of rodent in the family Ctenomyidae. It is endemic to southeast Jujuy Province in northwest Argentina
Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link= ...
, ''Ctenomys budini'' NE
**** Colburn's tuco-tuco
Colburn's tuco-tuco (''Ctenomys colburni'') is a species of rodent in the family Ctenomyidae. It is known only from Argentina
Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a country in the sout ...
, ''Ctenomys colburni'' DD
**** Puntilla tuco-tuco
The Puntilla tuco-tuco (''Ctenomys coludo'') is a species of rodent in the family Ctenomyidae. It is endemic to central Argentina. The common name of the species comes from the municipality of La Puntilla at the type locality. It was first des ...
, ''Ctenomys coludo'' DD
**** Conover's tuco-tuco
Conover's tuco-tuco (''Ctenomys conoveri'') is a species of rodent in the family Ctenomyidae.
It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, and Paraguay
Paraguay (; ), officially the Republic of Paraguay ( es, República del Paraguay, links=no; gn, T ...
, ''Ctenomys conoveri'' LC
**** D'Orbigny's tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys dorbignyi'' NT
**** Emily's tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys emilianus'' LC
**** Famatina tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys famosus'' DD
**** Foch's tuco-tuco
Foch's tuco-tuco (''Ctenomys fochi'') is a species of rodent in the family Ctenomyidae. It is endemic to northwestern Argentina, where it is known from southwestern Catamarca Province. The species is named after World War I general Ferdinand Foc ...
, ''Ctenomys fochi'' DD
**** Lago Blanco tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys fodax'' DD
**** Reddish tuco-tuco
The reddish tuco-tuco (''Ctenomys frater'') is a species of rodent in the family Ctenomyidae. Five subspecies have been recognized, some formerly designated as separate species. It is found in Argentina and Bolivia at altitudes from 600 to 4,500 ...
, ''Ctenomys frater'' LC
**** Tawny tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys fulvus'' DD
**** Haig's tuco-tuco
Haig's tuco-tuco (''Ctenomys haigi''), known regionally as the Patagonian tuco-tuco, is a hystricognath rodent. Like other tuco-tucos it is subterranean and thus not often observed, although the "tuc-tuc" call of the males can be heard near bur ...
, ''Ctenomys haigi'' LC
**** San Juan tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys johannis'' DD
**** Jujuy tuco-tuco
The Jujuy tuco-tuco (''Ctenomys juris'') is a species of rodent in the family Ctenomyidae. It is known only from one location at an elevation of 500 m in southeastern Jujuy Province of northern Argentina.
References
Mammals of Argentin ...
, ''Ctenomys juris'' DD
**** Catamarca tuco-tuco
The Catamarca tuco-tuco (''Ctenomys knighti'') is a species of rodent in the family Ctenomyidae. It is endemic to Argentina
Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a country in the southe ...
, ''Ctenomys knighti'' DD
**** Mottled tuco-tuco
The mottled tuco-tuco (''Ctenomys latro'') is a species of rodent in the family Ctenomyidae. It is endemic to Argentina
Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a country in the southern h ...
, ''Ctenomys latro'' EN
**** Magellanic tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys magellanicus'' LC
**** Maule tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys maulinus'' LC
**** Mendoza tuco-tuco
The Mendoza tuco-tuco (''Ctenomys mendocinus'') is a species of rodent in the family Ctenomyidae.
Taxonomy
A 2021 phylogenetic study found that Azara's tuco-tuco (''C. azarae'') and Porteous's tuco-tuco (''C. porteousi''), which were both prev ...
, ''Ctenomys mendocinus'' LC
**** Tiny tuco-tuco
The tiny tuco-tuco (''Ctenomys minutus'') is a tuco-tuco species found in Brazil and Bolivia. It is squirrel like with a furry texture.
References
Tuco-tucos
Mammals described in 1887
{{rodent-stub ...
, ''Ctenomys minutus'' DD
**** Furtive tuco-tuco
The furtive tuco-tuco (''Ctenomys occultus'') is a species of rodent in the family Ctenomyidae. It is endemic to Argentina
Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a country in the souther ...
, ''Ctenomys occultus'' EN
**** Highland tuco-tuco
The highland tuco-tuco (''Ctenomys opimus'') is a species of rodent in the family Ctenomyidae. It is found in high grassland in Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, and Peru where it lives in burrows.
Description
Tuco-tucos live in burrows and have a numb ...
, ''Ctenomys opimus'' LC
**** Reig's tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys osvaldoreigi'' CR
**** Goya tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys perrensis'' LC
**** San Luis tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys pontifex'' DD
**** Porteous's tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys porteousi'' NT
**** Pundt's tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys pundti'' EN
**** Rio Negro tuco-tuco
The Rio Negro tuco-tuco (''Ctenomys rionegrensis'') is a species of rodent in the family Ctenomyidae. It is found in a small fragmented range in Entre Ríos Province in northeastern Argentina and in the Río Negro Department of western Uruguay ...
, ''Ctenomys rionegrensis'' EN
**** Roig's tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys roigi'' CR
**** Salta tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys saltarius'' DD
**** Scaglia's tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys scagliai'' DD
**** Silky tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys sericeus'' DD
**** Social tuco-tuco
The social tuco-tuco (''Ctenomys sociabilis'') is a species of rodent in the family Ctenomyidae.Woods, C. A. and C. W. Kilpatrick. (2005). "Infraorder Hystricognathi", pp. 1538–1600 in: Wilson, D. E. and D. M. Reeder''Mammal Species of the Worl ...
, ''Ctenomys sociabilis'' CR
**** Forest tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys sylvanus'' DD
**** Talas tuco-tuco
The Talas tuco-tuco (''Ctenomys talarum'') is a species of tuco-tuco endemic to eastern Argentina.
Description
The Talas tuco-tuco is a large rodent ranging in size from , more than twice the size of a house mouse. Its tail length varies from ...
, ''Ctenomys talarum'' LC
**** Collared tuco-tuco
The collared tuco-tuco (''Ctenomys torquatus'') is a tuco-tuco species from South America. It is found in southern Brazil, Uruguay and northern Argentina where it lives underground in a burrow it digs in savannah habitats. It is a relatively comm ...
, ''Ctenomys torquatus'' LC
**** Robust tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys tuconax'' DD
**** Tucuman tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys tucumanus'' DD
**** Sierra Tontal tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys tulduco'' DD
**** Strong tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys validus'' DD
**** Vipos tuco-tuco
The Vipos tuco-tuco (''Ctenomys viperinus'') is a species of rodent in the family Ctenomyidae. It is endemic to northern Tucumán Province in northern Argentina. The common name is a reference to the city of Vipos in the area.
References
...
, ''Ctenomys viperinus'' DD
**** Yolanda's tuco-tuco, ''Ctenomys yolandae'' DD
**Family: Octodontidae
Octodontidae is a family of rodents, restricted to southwestern South America. Fourteen species of octodontid are recognised, arranged in seven genera. The best known species is the common degu, ''Octodon degus''.
Octodontids are medium-sized ...
***Genus: ''Aconaemys
''Aconaemys'' is a genus of rodent in the family Octodontidae.
It contains the following species:
* Chilean rock rat (''Aconaemys fuscus'')
* Porter's rock rat (''Aconaemys porteri'')
* Sage's rock rat
Sage's rock rat (''Aconaemys sagei'') is ...
''
**** Chilean rock rat
The Chilean rock rat (''Aconaemys fuscus'') is a species of rodent in the family Octodontidae. It is found in the high Andes of Argentina and Chile.
Description
The Chilean rock rat is a short-tailed rodent. Rock rats in the genus ''Aconaemys'' ...
, ''Aconaemys fuscus'' LC
**** Sage's rock rat
Sage's rock rat (''Aconaemys sagei'') is a species of rodent in the family Octodontidae. It is found in Argentina and possibly Chile.
References
*
Aconaemys
Mammals of Argentina
Mammals of Chile
Mammals described in 1984
Taxa named by O ...
, ''Aconaemys sagei'' DD
***Genus: ''Octodon
''Octodon'' is a genus of octodontid rodents native to South America, in particular in the Chilean Andes. The best-known member is the common degu, ''O. degus'', which is kept as a pet in various countries. Two of the four species of degus are ...
''
**** Bridges's degu
Bridges's degu (''Octodon bridgesii'') is a species of rodent in the family ''Octodontidae''. It is found in southern Chile. The species was named after Thomas Bridges.
Taxonomy
Ricardo Ojeda's degu (''O. ricardojedai''), which is found in A ...
, ''Octodon bridgesi'' VU
***Genus: ''Octodontomys
The mountain degu (''Octodontomys gliroides'') is a species of rodent in the family Octodontidae. It is the only species in the genus ''Octodontomys''. It is found in the foothills of the Andes in Argentina, Bolivia and Chile.
Description
The ...
''
**** Mountain degu, ''Octodontomys gliroides'' LC
***Genus: ''Octomys
The mountain viscacha rat or mountain vizcacha rat (''Octomys mimax''), historically viscacha rat or vizcacha rat, is a species of rodent in the family Octodontidae. It is endemic to Argentina.
It is the only living species within the genus ' ...
''
**** Mountain viscacha rat
The mountain viscacha rat or mountain vizcacha rat (''Octomys mimax''), historically viscacha rat or vizcacha rat, is a species of rodent in the family Octodontidae. It is endemic to Argentina.
It is the only living species within the genus '' ...
, ''Octomys mimax'' LC
***Genus: ''Pipanacoctomys
The golden viscacha rat or golden vizcacha rat (''Pipanacoctomys aureus'') is the single species of the genus ''Pipanacoctomys'' of the rodent family Octodontidae. It has 92 chromosomes and has been regarded as tetraploid ( 4x = 2n).Gallardo, M ...
''
**** Golden viscacha rat
The golden viscacha rat or golden vizcacha rat (''Pipanacoctomys aureus'') is the single species of the genus ''Pipanacoctomys'' of the rodent family Octodontidae. It has 92 chromosomes and has been regarded as tetraploid ( 4x = 2n).Gallardo, M ...
, ''Pipanacoctomys aureus'' CR
***Genus: ''Tympanoctomys
''Tympanoctomys'' is a genus of rodent in the family Octodontidae. There are three extant species in the genus: '' T. barrerae'', '' T. kirchnerorum'' and '' T. loschalchalerosorum''. ''T. loschalchalerosorum'' was formerly considered to be mono ...
''
**** Plains viscacha rat
The plains viscacha rat, plains vizcacha rat, red viscacha rat, or red vizcacha rat (''Tympanoctomys barrerae'') is a species of rodent in the family Octodontidae native to Argentina. It is one of three species in the genus '' Tympanoctomys''.
D ...
, ''Tympanoctomys barrerae'' NT
**** Kirchner's viscacha rat, ''Tympanoctomys kirchnerorum'' DD
**** Chalchalero viscacha rat, ''Tympanoctomys loschalchalerosorum'' CR
**Family: Abrocomidae
***Genus: ''Abrocoma
''Abrocoma'' is a genus of abrocomid rodents found in the Andes of South America, from southern Peru to central Chile. The genus contains eight species, most of which are found in isolated mountain ranges in northwestern Argentina. The oldest fo ...
''
**** Budin's chinchilla rat
Budin's chinchilla rat (''Abrocoma budini'') is a species of chinchilla rat in the family Abrocomidae. Found only in Argentina, the categorization of this species was based on analysis of four specimens which were caught among the rocks in the ...
, ''Abrocoma budini'' DD
**** Ashy chinchilla rat
The ashy chinchilla rat (''Abrocoma cinerea'') is a species of chinchilla rats in the family Abrocomidae found in Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, and Peru.
Description
Their total length is , with the body being and the tail being . They have soft, ...
, ''Abrocoma cinerea'' LC
**** Famatina chinchilla rat
The Famatina chinchilla rat (''Abrocoma famatina'') is a species of chinchilla rats in the family Abrocomidae found only in Argentina
Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a country in ...
, ''Abrocoma famatina'' DD
**** Sierra del Tontal chinchilla rat
The Sierra del Tontal chinchilla rat (''Abrocoma shistacea'') is a species of chinchilla rat. Found only in Argentina, this species was once thought to be part of ''Abrocoma cinerea''. In 2002, Braun and Mares from the University of Oklahoma conf ...
, ''Abrocoma shistacea'' LC
**** Uspallata chinchilla rat
The Uspallata chinchilla rat (''Abrocoma uspallata'') is a species of chinchilla rat in the family Abrocomidae native to Argentina. This species was identified in 2002, by Braun and Mares from the University of Oklahoma. Only a single specimen h ...
, ''Abrocoma uspallata'' DD
**** Punta de Vacas chinchilla rat
The Punta de Vacas chinchilla rat (''Abrocoma vaccarum''), also known as the Mendozan chinchilla rat, is a species of chinchilla rats in the family Abrocomidae. Found only in Argentina, this species was once thought to be part of ''Abrocoma cin ...
, ''Abrocoma vaccarum'' DD
**Family: Echimyidae
Echimyidae is the family of neotropical spiny rats and their fossil relatives. This is the most species-rich family of hystricognath rodents. It is probably also the most ecologically diverse, with members ranging from fully arboreal to terr ...
***Subfamily: Dactylomyinae
****Genus: '' Kannabateomys''
***** Atlantic bamboo rat, ''Kannabateomys amblyonyx'' LC
***Subfamily: Eumysopinae
****Genus: '' Euryzygomatomys''
***** Fischer's guiara, ''Euryzygomatomys spinosus'' LC
**Family: Myocastoridae
Myocastorini is a tribe of echimyid rodents, proposed in 2017, and containing the five extant genera '' Callistomys'', '' Hoplomys'', '' Myocastor'', ''Proechimys
''Proechimys'' is a genus of South American spiny rats of the family Echimyida ...
(coypus)
***Genus: ''Myocastor
''Myocastor'' is a genus of rodent that contains the living nutria (or coypu), as well as several fossil species.
Taxonomy
Due to similar cranial morphology, the nutria was once considered a close relative of the Caribbean hutias and placed toge ...
''
**** Coypu
The nutria (''Myocastor coypus''), also known as the coypu, is a large, herbivorous, semiaquatic rodent.
Classified for a long time as the only member of the family Myocastoridae, ''Myocastor'' is now included within Echimyidae, the family of t ...
, ''Myocastor coypus'' LC
*Suborder: Sciurognathi
Sciurognathi is a suborder of rodents that includes squirrels, chipmunks, beavers, and many types of mice. The group is characterized by a specific shape to the lower jaw. In sciurognaths, the angular process of the jaw is in the same plane as ...
**Family: Castoridae
The family Castoridae contains the two living species of beavers and their fossil relatives. A highly diverse group of rodents within this family once roamed the earth, but only a single genus is extant today, '' Castor''.
Characteristics
Ca ...
(beavers)
***Genus: '' Castor''
**** American beaver
The North American beaver (''Castor canadensis'') is one of two extant beaver species, along with the Eurasian beaver (''Castor fiber''). It is native to North America and introduced in South America (Patagonia) and Europe (primarily Finland ...
, ''C. canadensis'' introduced
**Family: Sciuridae
Squirrels are members of the family Sciuridae, a family that includes small or medium-size rodents. The squirrel family includes tree squirrels, ground squirrels (including chipmunks and prairie dogs, among others), and flying squirrels. Squ ...
(squirrels)
***Subfamily: Sciurinae
Sciurinae is a subfamily of squirrels (in the family Sciuridae), uniting the flying squirrels with certain related tree squirrels. Older sources place the flying squirrels in a separate subfamily (Pteromyinae) and unite all remaining sciurids i ...
****Tribe: Sciurini
Sciurini is a tribe that includes about forty species of squirrels,Thorington and Hoffmann, 2005, p. 754 mostly from the Americas. It includes five living genera—the American dwarf squirrels, '' Microsciurus''; the Bornean '' Rheithrosciuru ...
*****Genus: ''Sciurus
The genus ''Sciurus'' contains most of the common, bushy-tailed squirrels in North America, Europe, temperate Asia, Central America and South America.
Species
The number of species in the genus is subject to change.
In 2005, Thorington & Hoff ...
''
****** Brazilian squirrel, ''Sciurus aestuans'' LC
****** Bolivian squirrel, ''Sciurus ignitus'' LC
**Family: Cricetidae
The Cricetidae are a family of rodents in the large and complex superfamily Muroidea. It includes true hamsters, voles, lemmings, muskrats, and New World rats and mice. At almost 608 species, it is the second-largest family of mammals, and h ...
***Subfamily: Sigmodontinae
The rodent subfamily Sigmodontinae includes New World rats and mice, with at least 376 species. Many authorities include the Neotominae and Tylomyinae as part of a larger definition of Sigmodontinae. When those genera are included, the specie ...
****Genus: '' Abrawayaomys''
***** '' Abrawayaomys chebezi'' DD
***** Ruschi's rat, ''Abrawayaomys ruschii'' LC
****Genus: ''Abrothrix
''Abrothrix'' is a genus of rodent in the tribe Abrotrichini of family Cricetidae.
It contains the following living species:Teta et al., 2017
*''Abrothrix andina''
*''Abrothrix hershkovitzi''
*''Abrothrix hirta''
*''Abrothrix illutea''
*''Abrothri ...
''
***** Andean Altiplano mouse, ''Abrothrix andinus'' LC
***** Gray grass mouse
''Abrothrix illuteus'', also known as the gray akodont,Musser and Carleton, 2005, p. 1089 gray grass mouse, or gray soft-haired mouse, is a species of small rodent in the genus ''Abrothrix'' of family Cricetidae. It is found only in northwes ...
, ''Abrothrix illuteus'' LC
***** Jelski's Altiplano mouse, ''Abrothrix jelskii'' LC
***** Woolly grass mouse
''Abrothrix lanosus'', also known as the woolly grass mouse or woolly akodont,Musser and Carleton, 2005, p. 1089 is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae.
It is found in southern Argentina and Chile. It was previously classified in th ...
, ''Abrothrix lanosus'' LC
***** Long-haired grass mouse, ''Abrothrix longipilis'' LC
***** Olive grass mouse
''Abrothrix olivacea'', also known as the olive grass mouse or olive akodont,Musser and Carleton, 2005, p. 1090 is a species of rodent in the genus ''Abrothrix'' of family Cricetidae. It is found from northern Chile into southern Chile and A ...
, ''Abrothrix olivaceus'' LC
***** Sanborn's grass mouse, ''Abrothrix sanborni'' NT
****Genus: ''Akodon
''Akodon'' is a genus consisting of South American grass mice. They mostly occur south of the Amazon Basin and along the Andes north to Venezuela, but are absent from much of the basin itself, the far south of the continent, and the lowlands west ...
''
***** White-bellied grass mouse, ''Akodon albiventer'' LC
***** Azara's grass mouse
''Akodon azarae'', also known as Azara's akodontMusser and Carleton, 2005, p. 1093 or Azara's grass mouse, is a rodent species from South America. It is found from southernmost Brazil through Paraguay and Uruguay into eastern Argentina. It is ...
, ''Akodon azarae'' LC
***** Bolivian grass mouse
''Akodon boliviensis'', also known as the Bolivian grass mouse or Bolivian akodont,Musser and Carleton, 2005, p. 1093 is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found in the Andes from southeastern Peru through Bolivia into north ...
, ''Akodon boliviensis'' LC
***** Budin's grass mouse, ''Akodon budini'' LC
***** ''Akodon caenosus
''Akodon caenosus'' is a rodent in the genus ''Akodon'' found in northwestern Argentina and south-central Bolivia. Since its description in 1918, it has been alternatively classified as a separate species or a subspecies of '' Akodon lutescens'' ...
'' DD
***** Cursor grass mouse, ''Akodon cursor'' LC
***** Dolorous grass mouse, ''Akodon dolores'' LC
***** Smoky grass mouse
The smoky grass mouse (''Akodon fumeus'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia and Peru
, image_flag = Flag of Peru.svg
, image_coat = Escudo nacional del Perú.svg
, ...
, ''Akodon fumeus'' LC
***** ''Akodon glaucinus
''Akodon'' is a genus consisting of South American grass mice. They mostly occur south of the Amazon Basin and along the Andes north to Venezuela, but are absent from much of the basin itself, the far south of the continent, and the lowlands wes ...
''
***** Intelligent grass mouse
The intelligent grass mouse or Patagonian akodont (''Akodon iniscatus'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. The species is found in Argentina and Chile
Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in the western par ...
, ''Akodon iniscatus'' LC
***** Altiplano grass mouse, ''Akodon lutescens'' LC
***** Montane grass mouse
The montane grass mouse (''Akodon montensis'') is a rodent species from South America. It is found in Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay
Uruguay (; ), officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay ( es, República Oriental del Uruguay), ...
, ''Akodon montensis'' LC
***** Neuquén grass mouse, ''Akodon neocenus'' NE
***** Paraná grass mouse
The Paraná grass mouse (''Akodon paranaensis'') is a South American rodent species of the family Cricetidae. It is found in northeastern Argentina and southeastern Brazil
Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazi ...
, ''Akodon paranaensis'' LC
***** Philip Myers's akodont
Philip Myers's akodont (''Akodon philipmyersi'') is a recently described species of grass mouse from Misiones Province, Argentina. Like other grass mice, A. philipmyersi is a small, non-descript, greyish-brown mouse with prominent ears. The s ...
, ''Akodon philipmyersi'' DD
***** '' Akodon polopi'' LC
***** White-throated grass mouse, ''Akodon simulator'' LC
***** Spegazzini's grass mouse, ''Akodon spegazzinii'' LC
***** Forest grass mouse, ''Akodon sylvanus'' LC
***** '' Akodon tartareus''
***** Chaco grass mouse
The Chaco grass mouse (''Akodon toba'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae.
It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, and Paraguay.
References
*Musser, G. G. and M. D. Carleton. 2005. Superfamily Muroidea. pp. 894–1531 ''in'' ...
, ''Akodon toba'' LC
****Genus: '' Andalgalomys''
***** Olrog's chaco mouse, ''Andalgalomys olrogi'' LC
****Genus: '' Andinomys''
***** Andean mouse, ''Andinomys edax'' LC
****Genus: '' Auliscomys''
***** Andean big-eared mouse, ''Auliscomys sublimis'' LC
****Genus: ''Bibimys
''Bibimys'' is a genus of new world rats. Commonly known as the crimson-nosed rats, there are three species:
*'' Bibimys chacoensis'' - Chaco crimson-nosed rat - found in north-east Argentina and Paraguay
*'' Bibimys labiosus'' - Large-lipped c ...
''
***** Chaco crimson-nosed rat, ''Bibimys chacoensis'' LC
***** Large-lipped crimson-nosed rat, ''Bibimys labiosus'' LC
***** Torres' crimson-nosed rat, ''Bibimys torresi'' VU
****Genus: '' Blarinomys''
***** Brazilian shrew-mouse, ''Blarinomys breviceps'' LC
****Genus: ''Brucepattersonius
''Brucepattersonius'' is a genus of rodents within the tribe Akodontini from southeastern South America. Also known as brucies, the genus is named after Bruce Patterson, MacArthur Curator at the Department of Zoology (Mammals), at the Field Mu ...
''
***** Guaraní brucie, ''Brucepattersonius guarani'' DD
***** Ihering's hocicudo, ''Brucepattersonius iheringi'' LC
***** Misiones brucie, ''Brucepattersonius misionensis'' DD
***** Arroyo of Paradise brucie, ''Brucepattersonius paradisus'' DD
****Genus: '' Calomys''
***** Bolivian vesper mouse, ''Calomys boliviae'' LC
***** Crafty vesper mouse
The crafty vesper mouse (''Calomys callidus'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae.
It is found in Argentina and Paraguay.
References
*Musser, G. G. and M. D. Carleton. 2005. Superfamily Muroidea. pp. 894–1531 ''in'' Mamm ...
, ''Calomys callidus'' LC
***** Large vesper mouse, ''Calomys callosus'' LC
***** Small vesper mouse
The small vesper mouse (''Calomys laucha'') is a rodent species from South America. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. It is one of the hosts of hantavirus, causing hantavirus pulmonary syndrome
Hantavirus pulmona ...
, ''Calomys laucha'' LC
***** Andean vesper mouse, ''Calomys lepidus'' LC
***** Drylands vesper mouse, ''Calomys musculinus'' LC
***** Delicate vesper mouse, ''Calomys tener'' LC
***** Córdoba vesper mouse
The Córdoba vesper mouse or Córdoba laucha (''Calomys venustus'') is a South American rodent species of the family Cricetidae. It is endemic to the area of Córdoba Province (Argentina), Córdoba Province, central Argentina, where it is found i ...
, ''Calomys venustus'' LC
****Genus: ''Chelemys
''Chelemys'' is a genus of South American rodents in the tribe Abrotrichini of family Cricetidae. Three species—'' Chelemys delfini'', '' Chelemys macronyx'', and '' Chelemys megalonyx''—are known, all found in central and southern Chile and A ...
''
***** Andean long-clawed mouse, ''Chelemys macronyx'' LC
****Genus: '' Chinchillula''
***** Altiplano chinchilla mouse
The Altiplano chinchilla mouse or achallo (''Chinchillula sahamae'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is the only species in the genus ''Chinchillula''.
It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, and Peru.
References
*Mus ...
, ''Chinchillula sahamae'' LC
****Genus: ''Delomys
''Delomys'' is a genus of South American rodents in the tribe Thomasomyini of family Cricetidae. Four species are known, all found in the Atlantic Forest of Argentina and Brazil. They are as follows:
* '' Delomys altimontanus''
* Montane Atla ...
''
***** Striped Atlantic Forest rat
The striped Atlantic Forest rat (''Delomys dorsalis'') is a rodent species from South America. It is found in Argentina and Brazil
Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country ...
, ''Delomys dorsalis'' LC
****Genus: '' Deltamys''
***** Kemp's grass mouse, ''Deltamys kempi'' LC
****Genus: '' Eligmodontia''
***** Monte gerbil mouse, ''Eligmodontia moreni'' LC
***** Morgan's gerbil mouse, ''Eligmodontia morgani'' LC
***** Andean gerbil mouse, ''Eligmodontia puerulus'' LC
***** Highland gerbil mouse, Eastern Patagonian gerbil mouse, ''Eligmodontia typus'' LC
****Genus: ''Euneomys
''Euneomys'' is a genus of rodent in the family Cricetidae.
It contains the following species:
* Patagonian chinchilla mouse (''Euneomys chinchilloides'')
* Burrowing chinchilla mouse
The burrowing chinchilla mouse (''Euneomys fossor'') is a sp ...
''
***** Patagonian chinchilla mouse
The Patagonian chinchilla mouse (''Euneomys chinchilloides'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It was first described by George Robert Waterhouse in 1839. It is found in Tierra del Fuego and neighboring areas of southernmost Argen ...
, ''Euneomys chinchilloides'' DD
***** Burrowing chinchilla mouse
The burrowing chinchilla mouse (''Euneomys fossor'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found in Salta Province, Argentina
Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a co ...
, '' Euneomys fossor'' DD
***** Biting chinchilla mouse, ''Euneomys mordax'' LC
***** Peterson's chinchilla mouse, ''Euneomys petersoni'' LC
****Genus: '' Euryoryzomys''
***** Tarija rice rat, ''Euryoryzomys legatus'' LC
***** Russet rice rat, ''Euryoryzomys russatus'' LC
****Genus: ''Geoxus
''Geoxus'' is a genus of South American rodents in the tribe Abrotrichini of family Cricetidae
The Cricetidae are a family of rodents in the large and complex superfamily Muroidea. It includes true hamsters, voles, lemmings, muskrats, and ...
''
***** Long-clawed mole mouse, ''Geoxus valdivianus'' LC
****Genus: '' Graomys''
***** '' Graomys chacoensis'' (contains the former '' Graomys centralis'') DD
***** Pale leaf-eared mouse, ''Graomys domorum'' LC
***** Edith's leaf-eared mouse, ''Graomys edithae'' DD
***** Gray leaf-eared mouse, ''Graomys griseoflavus'' LC
****Genus: ''Holochilus
''Holochilus'' is a genus of semiaquatic rodents in the tribe Oryzomyini of family Cricetidae,* sometimes called marsh rats. It contains five living species, '' H. brasiliensis'', '' H. chacarius'', '' H. nanus'', '' H. oxe'', and '' H. sciureus' ...
''
***** Web-footed marsh rat, ''Holochilus brasiliensis'' LC
***** Chaco marsh rat, ''Holochilus chacarius'' LC
****Genus: '' Irenomys''
***** Chilean climbing mouse, ''Irenomys tarsalis'' LC
****Genus: ''Juliomys
''Juliomys'' is a genus of South American rodents of the family Cricetidae. Five species are known, all found in Argentina and Brazil
Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest countr ...
''
***** Lesser Wilfred's mouse, ''Juliomys pictipes'' LC
****Genus: '' Gyldenstolpia''
***** Fossorial giant rat, ''Gyldenstolpia fronto'' CR
****Genus: '' Loxodontomys''
***** Southern big-eared mouse, ''Loxodontomys micropus'' LC
****Genus: ''Necromys
''Necromys'' is a genus of South American sigmodontine rodents allied to ''Akodon''. This genus has also been known as ''Cabreramys'' or more recently ''Bolomys'', and the northern grass mouse (''N. urichi'') has recently been transferred from ' ...
''
***** Argentine bolo mouse
The Argentine bolo mouse (''Necromys benefactus'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is endemic to central Argentina
Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a country in ...
, ''Necromys benefactus'' LC
***** Rufous-bellied bolo mouse, ''Necromys lactens'' LC
***** Hairy-tailed bolo mouse
The hairy-tailed bolo mouse or hairy-tailed akodont (''Necromys lasiurus'') is a South American rodent species of the family Cricetidae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, and Paraguay.
Description
The hairy-tailed bolo mouse grows to a ...
, ''Necromys lasiurus'' LC
***** Paraguayan bolo mouse
The Paraguayan bolo mouse or Paraguayan akodont (''Necromys lenguarum'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. According to the IUCN, it is present in Bolivia, Paraguay, and Peru, and possibly also in Argentina and Brazil. It is foun ...
, ''Necromys lenguarum'' LC
***** Dark bolo mouse, ''Necromys obscurus'' LC
***** Temchuk's bolo mouse, ''Necromys temchuki'' LC
****Genus: ''Nectomys
''Nectomys'' is a genus of rodent in the tribe Oryzomyini of family Cricetidae. Musser and Carleton, 2005. It is closely related to '' Amphinectomys'' and was formerly considered congeneric with ''Sigmodontomys''. It consists of five species, whic ...
''
***** Scaly-footed water rat, ''Nectomys squamipes'' LC
****Genus: '' Neotomys''
***** Andean swamp rat, ''Neotomys ebriosus'' LC
****Genus: ''Notiomys
''Notiomys edwardsii'', also known as Edwards's long-clawed mouse, Edward's long-clawed akodont,Musser and Carleton, 2005, p. 1136 or Milne-Edwards' long-clawed mouse, is a rodent in the tribe Abrotrichini from southern Argentina. It is the ...
''
***** Edward's long-clawed mouse, ''Notiomys edwardsii'' LC
****Genus: ''Oligoryzomys
''Oligoryzomys'' is a genus of rodents in the tribe Oryzomyini of family Cricetidae. Many species are known as pygmy rice rats or colilargos.Musser and Carleton, 2005 The genus is found from Mexico to Tierra del Fuego and includes approximately 1 ...
''
***** Brenda's colilargo, ''Oligoryzomys brendae'' DD
***** Chacoan pygmy rice rat, ''Oligoryzomys chacoensis'' LC
***** Destructive pygmy rice rat
''Oligoryzomys destructor'', also known as Tschudi's colilargoMusser and Carleton, 2005 or the destructive pygmy rice rat, is a species of rodent in the genus ''Oligoryzomys'' of family Cricetidae. It is found along the eastern Andes from souther ...
, ''Oligoryzomys destructor'' LC
***** Yellow pygmy rice rat
''Oligoryzomys flavescens'', also known as the flavescent colilargo or yellow pygmy rice rat is a species of rodent in the genus ''Oligoryzomys'' of family Cricetidae. It is found in southern List of mammals of South America, South America, occur ...
, ''Oligoryzomys flavescens'' LC
***** Fornes' colilargo, ''Oligoryzomys fornesi'' LC
***** Long-tailed pygmy rice rat, ''Oligoryzomys longicaudatus'' LC
***** Magellanic pygmy rice rat, ''Oligoryzomys magellanicus'' LC
***** Black-footed pygmy rice rat, ''Oligoryzomys nigripes'' LC
****Genus: '' Oxymycterus''
***** Argentine hocicudo, ''Oxymycterus akodontius'' NE
***** Hispid hocicudo, ''Oxymycterus hispidus'' LC
***** Paramo hocicudo, ''Oxymycterus paramensis'' LC
***** Quaestor hocicudo, ''Oxymycterus quaestor'' LC
***** Red hocicudo, ''Oxymycterus rufus'' LC
****Genus: '' Phyllotis''
***** Anita's leaf-eared mouse, ''Phyllotis anitae'' DD
***** Buenos Aires leaf-eared mouse, ''Phyllotis bonariensis'' NT
***** Capricorn leaf-eared mouse, ''Phyllotis caprinus'' LC
***** Bunchgrass leaf-eared mouse, ''Phyllotis osilae'' LC
***** Yellow-rumped leaf-eared mouse, ''Phyllotis xanthopygus'' LC
****Genus: ''Pseudoryzomys
''Pseudoryzomys simplex'', also known as the Brazilian false rice rat or false oryzomys, is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae from south-central South America. It is found in lowland palm savanna and thorn scrub habitats. It is a me ...
''
***** Brazilian false rice rat
''Pseudoryzomys simplex'', also known as the Brazilian false rice rat or false oryzomys, is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae from south-central South America. It is found in lowland palm savanna and thorn scrub habitats. It is a m ...
, ''Pseudoryzomys simplex'' LC
****Genus: '' Reithrodon''
***** Bunny rat
The bunny rat, or hairy-soled conyrat (''Reithrodon auritus'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae, native to southern South America.
Description
The bunny rat is a heavily built rat-like rodent, with a total length of , including the ...
, ''Reithrodon auritus'' LC
***** Naked-soled conyrat, ''Reithrodon typicus'' LC
****Genus: ''Rhipidomys
''Rhipidomys'' is a genus of rodents in the family Cricetidae, The following 24 species of climbing mouse species are currently recognised:
* '' Rhipidomys albujai''
* Southern climbing mouse (''Rhipidomys austrinus'')
* Cariri climbing mouse ( ...
''
***** Southern climbing mouse
The southern climbing mouse (''Rhipidomys austrinus'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found in Argentina and Bolivia in forested valleys and on slopes on the eastern side of the Andes Mountains.
Description
The southern c ...
, ''Rhipidomys austrinus'' LC
****Genus: '' Salinomys''
***** Delicate salt flat mouse
The delicate salt flat mouse, ''Salinomys delicatus'', (in Spanish, el ratón delicado de los salares) is a sigmodontine rodent species in the family Cricetidae from South America. It is the only species in the genus ''Salinomys''. Its habitat ...
, ''Salinomys delicatus'' DD
****Genus: ''Scapteromys
''Scapteromys'' is a genus of South American rodents in the tribe Akodontini of family Cricetidae. Three species are known, found in northern Argentina, southern Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. They are as follows:
* Argentine swamp rat (''Scapte ...
''
***** Argentine swamp rat
The Argentine swamp rat (''Scapteromys aquaticus'') is a semiaquatic rodent species from South America. It is found in northeastern Argentina and Paraguay, where it lives in freshwater marshes and along the southern coast of the Río de la Plata ...
, ''Scapteromys aquaticus'' LC
***** Waterhouse's swamp rat
Waterhouse's swamp rat (''Scapteromys tumidus'') is a semiaquatic rodent species from South America. It is found in southern Brazil, Uruguay and northern Argentina
Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República ...
, ''Scapteromys tumidus'' LC
****Genus: '' Sooretamys''
***** Paraguayan rice rat
''Sooretamys angouya'', also known as the rat-headed rice rat,Duff and Lawson, 2004 and Paraguayan rice rat, is a rodent species from South America.Musser and Carleton, 2005 It is found in northeastern Argentina, southern Brazil and Paraguay in fo ...
, ''Sooretamys angouya'' LC
****Genus: '' Tapecomys''
***** Primordial tapecua, ''Tapecomys primus'' LC
****Genus: '' Thaptomys''
***** Blackish grass mouse, ''Thaptomys nigrita'' LC
=Order:
Lagomorpha
The lagomorphs are the members of the taxonomic order Lagomorpha, of which there are two living families: the Leporidae (hares and rabbits) and the Ochotonidae ( pikas). The name of the order is derived from the Ancient Greek ''lagos'' (λαγ ...
(lagomorphs)=
----
The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae
Leporidae is the family of rabbits and hares, containing over 60 species of extant mammals in all. The Latin word ''Leporidae'' means "those that resemble ''lepus''" (hare). Together with the pikas, the Leporidae constitute the mammalian order ...
( hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pika
A pika ( or ; archaically spelled pica) is a small, mountain-dwelling mammal found in Asia and North America. With short limbs, very round body, an even coat of fur, and no external tail, they resemble their close relative, the rabbit, but wi ...
s). Though they can resemble rodent
Rodents (from Latin , 'to gnaw') are mammals of the order Rodentia (), which are characterized by a single pair of continuously growing incisors in each of the upper and lower jaws. About 40% of all mammal species are rodents. They are n ...
s, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.
*Family: Leporidae
Leporidae is the family of rabbits and hares, containing over 60 species of extant mammals in all. The Latin word ''Leporidae'' means "those that resemble ''lepus''" (hare). Together with the pikas, the Leporidae constitute the mammalian order ...
(rabbits, hares)
**Genus: ''Sylvilagus
Cottontail rabbits are the leporid species in the genus ''Sylvilagus'', found in the Americas. Most ''Sylvilagus'' species have stub tails with white undersides that show when they retreat, giving them their characteristic name. However, this ...
''
*** Common tapetí, ''Sylvilagus brasiliensis'' EN
Superorder:
Laurasiatheria
Laurasiatheria ("laurasian beasts") is a superorder of placental mammals that groups together true insectivores ( eulipotyphlans), bats ( chiropterans), carnivorans, pangolins ( pholidotes), even-toed ungulates ( artiodactyls), odd-toed ungulat ...
=Order:
Chiroptera
Bats are mammals of the order Chiroptera.''cheir'', "hand" and πτερόν''pteron'', "wing". With their forelimbs adapted as wings, they are the only mammals capable of true and sustained flight. Bats are more agile in flight than most bir ...
(bats)=
----
The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.
*Family: Noctilionidae
**Genus: '' Noctilio''
*** Lesser bulldog bat, ''N. albiventris'' LC
*** Greater bulldog bat
The greater bulldog bat or fisherman bat (''Noctilio leporinus'') is a species of fishing bat native to Latin America (Spanish: ''murciélago pescador''; Portuguese: ''morcego-pescador''). The bat uses echolocation to detect water ripples made ...
, ''N. leporinus'' LC
*Family: Vespertilionidae
Vespertilionidae is a family of microbats, of the order Chiroptera, flying, insect-eating mammals variously described as the common, vesper, or simple nosed bats. The vespertilionid family is the most diverse and widely distributed of bat famili ...
**Subfamily: Myotinae
Myotinae is a subfamily of vesper bats. It contains three genera: ''Eudiscopus'', '' Myotis'', and ''Submyotodon''. Before the description of ''Submyotodon'' and analysis of its phylogenetics, as well as a phylogenetic analysis of ''Eudiscopus'', ...
***Genus: ''Myotis
The mouse-eared bats or myotises are a diverse and widespread genus (''Myotis'') of bats within the family Vespertilionidae. The noun "''myotis''" itself is a New Latin construction, from the Greek "''muós'' (meaning "mouse") and "''oûs''" (me ...
''
**** Southern myotis
The southern myotis (''Myotis aelleni'') is a species of vesper bat. It is found only in Argentina.
Based on qualitative and quantitative analyses of type specimens, Novaes, Wilson, Ruedi and Moratelli treat this taxon as a junior synonym of '' ...
, ''Myotis aelleni'' DD
**** Silver-tipped myotis, ''Myotis albescens'' LC
**** Chilean myotis, ''Myotis chiloensis'' LC
**** ''Myotis dinellii
Dinelli's myotis (''Myotis dinellii'') is a species of vesper bat found in southern South America.
Taxonomy
It was described in 1902 by Oldfield Thomas. It was previously considered a subspecies of the yellowish myotis (''M. levis''), but wa ...
'' LC
**** Hairy-legged myotis, ''Myotis keaysi'' LC
**** Yellowish myotis
The yellowish myotis (''Myotis levis''), is a vesper bat species from South America. It is found in Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay.
Dinelli's myotis
Dinelli's myotis (''Myotis dinellii'') is a species of vesper bat found in southern ...
, ''Myotis levis'' LC
**** Black myotis
The black myotis (''Myotis nigricans'') is a vesper bat species from South and Central America.
Its body is dark brown/black. The head to body length, not including the tail, is about 5 cm (2 in.). The black myotis is a tiny bat with a smal ...
, ''Myotis nigricans'' LC
**** Riparian myotis
The riparian myotis (''Myotis riparius''), is a vespertilionid bat species from South and Central America. It is a medium-sized bat compared to other South American myotis.
Taxonomy
The riparian myotis was originally described as a subspecies of ...
, ''Myotis riparius'' LC
**** Red myotis
The red myotis (''Myotis ruber'') is a vesper bat species found in Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay.
References
Mouse-eared bats
Mammals described in 1806
Bats of South America
Taxa named by Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire
{{Ve ...
, ''Myotis ruber'' NT
**** Velvety myotis, ''Myotis simus'' DD
**Subfamily: Vespertilioninae
The Vespertilioninae are a subfamily of vesper bats from the family Vespertilionidae.
Classification
Subfamily Vespertilioninae
*Tribe Antrozoini
**Genus '' Antrozous''
*** Pallid bat, ''Antrozous pallidus''
**Genus '' Bauerus''
*** Van Geld ...
***Genus: ''Eptesicus
''Eptesicus'' is a genus of bats, commonly called house bats or serotine bats, in the family Vespertilionidae. The genus name is likely derived from the Greek words ''ptetikos'' 'able to fly' or ''petomai'' 'house flier', although this is not ce ...
''
**** Brazilian brown bat, ''Eptesicus brasiliensis'' LC
**** Diminutive serotine, ''Eptesicus diminutus'' LC
**** Argentine brown bat, ''Eptesicus furinalis'' LC
***Genus: '' Histiotus''
**** Thomas's big-eared brown bat, '' Histiotus laephotis'' LC
**** Big-eared brown bat, ''Histiotus macrotus'' LC
**** Southern big-eared brown bat, '' Histiotus magellanicus'' LC
**** Small big-eared brown bat, ''Histiotus montanus'' LC
**** Tropical big-eared brown bat, ''Histiotus velatus'' DD
***Genus: ''Lasiurus
''Lasiurus'' is a genus of bats in the family Vespertilionidae
Vespertilionidae is a family of microbats, of the order Chiroptera, flying, insect-eating mammals variously described as the common, vesper, or simple nosed bats. The vespertilio ...
''
**** Desert red bat, ''Lasiurus blossevillii'' LC
**** Hoary bat
The hoary bat (''Lasiurus cinereus'') is a species of bat in the vesper bat family, Vespertilionidae. It lives throughout most of North America (possibly including Hawaii, although this is disputed).
Taxonomy
The hoary bat was described as a ...
, ''Lasiurus cinereus'' LC
**** Southern yellow bat
The southern yellow bat (''Dasypterus ega'') is a species of vesper bat that belongs to suborder microchiroptera (microbat) in the family Vespertilionidae. It is native to South, North and Central America, from the Rio Grande Valley of Texas i ...
, ''Lasiurus ega'' LC
**** Cinnamon red bat, '' Lasiurus varius'' LC
*Family: Molossidae
**Genus: '' Cynomops''
*** Cinnamon dog-faced bat, ''Cynomops abrasus'' DD
*** Para dog-faced bat, ''Cynomops paranus'' DD
*** Southern dog-faced bat
The southern dog-faced bat (''Cynomops planirostris''), is a bat species of the family Molossidae. It is found in northern Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Panama, Peru, Paraguay, Suriname and Venezuela
Vene ...
, ''Cynomops planirostris'' LC
**Genus: '' Eumops''
*** Black bonneted bat, ''Eumops auripendulus'' LC
*** Dwarf bonneted bat, ''Eumops bonariensis'' LC
*** Big bonneted bat, ''Eumops dabbenei'' LC
*** Wagner's bonneted bat, ''Eumops glaucinus'' LC
*** Patagonian bonneted bat, ''Eumops patagonicus'' LC
*** Western mastiff bat
The western mastiff bat (''Eumops perotis''), also known as the western bonneted bat, the greater mastiff bat, or the greater bonneted bat, is a member of the free-tailed bat family, Molossidae. It is found in the Western United States, Mexico a ...
, ''Eumops perotis'' LC
**Genus: '' Molossops''
*** Rufous dog-faced bat, ''Molossops neglectus'' DD
*** Dwarf dog-faced bat, ''Molossops temminckii'' LC
**Genus: '' Molossus''
*** Bonda mastiff bat, ''Molossus currentium'' LC
*** Velvety free-tailed bat, ''Molossus molossus'' LC
*** Black mastiff bat
The black mastiff bat (''Molossus rufus'') is a bat species. It ranges from the northern region of South America (excluding Chile), most of Central America (excluding Belize) and parts of southern Mexico.
Taxonomy
The black mastiff bat was speci ...
, ''Molossus rufus'' LC
**Genus: '' Nyctinomops''
*** Broad-eared bat, ''Nyctinomops laticaudatus'' LC
*** Big free-tailed bat, ''Nyctinomops macrotis'' LC
**Genus: ''Promops
''Promops'' is a genus of free-tailed bats.
Species
* ''Promops centralis'' - big crested mastiff bat
* ''Promops davisoni''
* ''Promops nasutus'' - brown mastiff bat
References
Promops,
Molossidae
Bat genera
Taxa named by Paul Gervai ...
''
*** Big crested mastiff bat, ''Promops centralis'' LC
*** Brown mastiff bat, ''Promops nasutus'' LC
**Genus: ''Tadarida
The genus ''Tadarida'' has 9 or more species of free-tailed bats divided into two subgenera, with the first of these containing seven species spread across the Old World (including southern Europe and North Africa, large parts of southern Asia, ...
''
*** Mexican free-tailed bat
The Mexican free-tailed bat or Brazilian free-tailed bat (''Tadarida brasiliensis'') is a medium-sized bat native to the Americas, so named because its tail can be almost half its total length and is not attached to its uropatagium. It has been ...
, ''Tadarida brasiliensis'' LC
*Family: Phyllostomidae
**Subfamily: Phyllostominae
***Genus: ''Chrotopterus
The big-eared woolly bat or (Peters's) woolly false vampire bat (''Chrotopterus auritus'') is a species of bat, belonging to the family Phyllostomidae.
The name ''Chrotopterus'' is derived from Greek roots ''ch''ariots (skin, color), and ''pter ...
''
**** Big-eared woolly bat, ''Chrotopterus auritus'' LC
***Genus: ''Macrophyllum
The long-legged bat (''Macrophyllum macrophyllum'') is a member of the Phyllostomidae family in the order Chiroptera. Both males and females of this species are generally small, with wingspans reaching 80mm with an average weight ranging betwee ...
''
**** Long-legged bat, ''Macrophyllum macrophyllum'' LC
***Genus: '' Phyllostomus''
**** Pale spear-nosed bat, ''Phyllostomus discolor'' LC
***Genus: ''Tonatia
''Tonatia'' is a small genus of South and Central America
Central America ( es, América Central or ) is a subregion of the Americas. Its boundaries are defined as bordering the United States to the north, Colombia to the south, the ...
''
**** Greater round-eared bat
The greater round-eared bat (''Tonatia bidens'') is a bat species found in northeastern and southern Brazil, northern Argentina, Paraguay and Bolivia. The species feeds on fruit as well as hunting small bird
Birds are a group of warm- ...
, ''Tonatia bidens'' DD
**Subfamily: Glossophaginae
***Genus: '' Anoura''
**** Tailed tailless bat, ''Anoura caudifer'' LC
***Genus: ''Glossophaga
''Glossophaga'' (long-tongued bat) is a genus of bats in the leaf-nosed bat family, Phyllostomidae. Members of the genus are native to the American Neotropics.
Species
*''G. antillarum'' (Rehn, 1902): Jamaican long-tongued bat, Jamaica.
*''G ...
''
**** Pallas's long-tongued bat
Pallas's long-tongued bat (''Glossophaga soricina'') is a South and Central American bat with a fast metabolism that feeds on nectar.
Metabolism
It has the fastest metabolism ever recorded in a mammal, similar to those of hummingbirds. Althou ...
, ''Glossophaga soricina'' LC
**Subfamily: Carolliinae
Carolliinae is a subfamily of bats.
Classification
Subfamily Carolliinae
*Genus: ''Carollia'' - Short-tailed Leaf-nosed Bats
** Benkeith's short-tailed Bat, ''Carollia benkeithi''
** Silky Short-tailed Bat, ''Carollia brevicauda''
** Chestnut S ...
***Genus: ''Carollia
''Carollia'' is a genus of bats often referred to as the short-tailed fruit bats. Along with the genus ''Rhinophylla'', ''Carollia'' makes up the subfamily Carolliinae of family Phyllostomidae, the leaf-nosed bats. Currently, nine species of ...
''
**** Seba's short-tailed bat
Seba's short-tailed bat (''Carollia perspicillata'') is a common and widespread bat species in the family Phyllostomidae. They are found in Central America, the northern parts of South America, and in the Antilles islands.
Description
''C. pe ...
, ''Carollia perspicillata'' LC
**Subfamily: Stenodermatinae
***Genus: ''Artibeus
The Neotropical fruit bats (''Artibeus'') are a genus of bats within the subfamily Stenodermatinae. The genus consists of 12 species, which are native to Central and South America, as well as parts of the Caribbean.
Description
These bats grow t ...
''
**** Fringed fruit-eating bat
The fringed fruit-eating bat (''Artibeus fimbriatus''), is a species of bat
Bats are mammals of the order Chiroptera.''cheir'', "hand" and πτερόν''pteron'', "wing". With their forelimbs adapted as wings, they are the only mammals ...
, ''Artibeus fimbriatus'' LC
**** Great fruit-eating bat
The great fruit-eating bat (''Artibeus lituratus'') is a bat species found from Mexico to Brazil and Argentina, as well as in Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Grenada, Martinique, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and Trinidad and To ...
, ''Artibeus lituratus'' LC
**** Flat-faced fruit-eating bat
The flat-faced fruit-eating bat (''Artibeus planirostris'') is a South American species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae. It is sometimes considered a subspecies of the Jamaican fruit bat, but can be distinguished by its larger size, the pre ...
, ''Artibeus planirostris'' LC
***Genus: ''Platyrrhinus
''Platyrrhinus'' is a genus of leaf-nosed bats in the tribe Stenodermatini of family Phyllostomidae. Twenty one species are known:
* Alberico's broad-nosed bat, ''Platyrrhinus albericoi''
*Slender broad-nosed bat, ''Platyrrhinus angustirostri ...
''
**** White-lined broad-nosed bat, ''Platyrrhinus lineatus'' LC
***Genus: '' Pygoderma''
**** Ipanema bat
The Ipanema bat (''Pygoderma bilabiatum'') is a bat species of order Chiroptera and family Phyllostomidae. It is found in northern Argentina, Bolivia, southeastern Brazil and Paraguay. It is the only species within its genus.
Description
The ...
, ''Pygoderma bilabiatum'' LC
***Genus: '' Sturnira''
**** Hairy yellow-shouldered bat, ''Sturnira erythromos'' LC
**** Little yellow-shouldered bat, ''Sturnira lilium'' LC
**** Tschudi's yellow-shouldered bat, ''Sturnira oporaphilum'' LC
***Genus: ''Vampyressa
''Vampyressa'' is a genus of bats in the family Phyllostomidae, the leaf-nosed bats. They are known commonly as the yellow-eared bats or yellow-eared vampire bats.Tavares, V., et al. (2014)Systematics of ''Vampyressa melissa'' Thomas, 1926 (Chi ...
''
**** Southern little yellow-eared bat
The southern little yellow-eared bat (''Vampyressa pusilla'') is a frugivorous bat species found in Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay
Paraguay (; ), officially the Republic of Paraguay ( es, República del Paraguay, links=no; gn, Tavakuairet ...
, ''Vampyressa pusilla'' DD
**Subfamily: Desmodontinae
***Genus: '' Desmodus''
**** Common vampire bat
The common vampire bat (''Desmodus rotundus'') is a small, leaf-nosed bat native to Latin America. It is one of three extant species of vampire bat, the other two being the hairy-legged and the white-winged vampire bats. The common vampire bat ...
, ''Desmodus rotundus'' LC
***Genus: ''Diaemus
The white-winged vampire bat (''Diaemus youngi''), a species of vampire bat, is the only member of the genus ''Diaemus''. They are found from Mexico to northern Argentina and are present on the islands of Trinidad and Margarita.
Etymology and ...
''
**** White-winged vampire bat, ''Diaemus youngi'' LC
=Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)
= ----
There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.
*Suborder: Feliformia
Feliformia is a suborder within the order Carnivora consisting of "cat-like" carnivorans, including cats (large and small), hyenas, mongooses, viverrids, and related taxa. Feliformia stands in contrast to the other suborder of Carnivora, Canifor ...
**Family: Felidae (cats)
***Subfamily: Felinae
The Felinae are a subfamily of the family Felidae. This subfamily comprises the small cats having a bony hyoid, because of which they are able to purr but not roar.
Other authors have proposed an alternative definition for this subfamily: as ...
****Genus: '' Herpailurus''
***** Jaguarundi, ''H. yagouaroundi''
****Genus: ''Leopardus
''Leopardus'' is a genus comprising eight species of small cats native to the Americas. This genus is considered the oldest branch of a genetic lineage of small cats in the Americas whose common ancestor crossed the Bering land bridge from Asia ...
''
*****Pampas cat
The Pampas cat (''Leopardus colocola'') is a small wild cat native to South America. It is listed as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List as habitat conversion and destruction may cause the population to decline in the future.
It is named after ...
''L. colocola''
*****Geoffroy's cat
Geoffroy's cat (''Leopardus geoffroyi'') is a small wild cat native to the southern and central regions of South America. It is about the size of a domestic cat. It is listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List because it is widespread and abun ...
''L. geoffroyi''
*****Kodkod
The kodkod (''Leopardus guigna'') (), also called guiña, is the smallest felid species native to the Americas. It lives primarily in central and southern Chile, as well as marginally in adjoining areas of Argentina. Since 2002, it has been liste ...
, ''L. guigna''
***** Southern tigrina ''L. guttulus''
*****Andean mountain cat
The Andean mountain cat (''Leopardus jacobita'') is a small wild cat native to the high Andes that has been listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List because fewer than 1,500 individuals are thought to exist in the wild. It is traditionally con ...
''L. jacobitus''
***** Ocelot ''L. pardalis''
*****Oncilla
The oncilla (''Leopardus tigrinus''), also known as the northern tiger cat, little spotted cat, and tigrillo, is a small spotted cat ranging from Central America to central Brazil. It is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List, and the popul ...
''L. tigrinus''
*****Margay
The margay (''Leopardus wiedii'') is a small wild cat native to Central and South America. A solitary and nocturnal cat, it lives mainly in primary evergreen and deciduous forest.
Until the 1990s, margays were hunted illegally for the wildlif ...
''L. wiedii''
****Genus: '' Puma''
***** Cougar, ''P. concolor''
***Subfamily: Pantherinae
Pantherinae is a subfamily within the family Felidae
Felidae () is the family of mammals in the order Carnivora colloquially referred to as cats, and constitutes a clade. A member of this family is also called a felid (). The term "cat" ref ...
****Genus: '' Panthera''
***** Jaguar, ''P. onca''
*Suborder: Caniformia
**Family: Canidae (dogs, foxes)
***Genus: ''Dusicyon
''Dusicyon'' is an extinct genus of South American canids. The type species is ''Dusicyon australis'', the Falkland Islands wolf. In 1914, Oldfield Thomas established this genus, in which he included the culpeo and other South American foxes. ...
''
**** '' Dusicyon avus''
***Genus: '' Lycalopex''
**** Culpeo
The culpeo (''Lycalopex culpaeus''), also known as culpeo zorro, Andean zorro, Andean fox, Paramo wolf, Andean wolf,Comparative ecology of two South American foxes, 'Dusicvon ariseus' and 'culpaeus' by Warren E. Johnson. Doctoral dissertation. Io ...
, ''Lycalopex culpaeus'' LC
**** South American gray fox
The South American gray fox (''Lycalopex griseus''), also known as the Patagonian fox, the chilla or the gray zorro, is a species of ''Lycalopex'', the "false" foxes. It is endemic to the southern part of South America.
Description
The South A ...
, ''Lycalopex griseus'' LC
**** Pampas fox
The Pampas fox (''Lycalopex gymnocercus''), also known as grey pampean fox, Pampas zorro, Azara's fox, or Azara's zorro (in Spanish also called , anglicized as aguarachay, in Portuguese also called ), is a medium-sized zorro, or "false" fox, na ...
, ''Lycalopex gymnocercus'' LC
***Genus: ''Cerdocyon
The crab-eating fox (''Cerdocyon thous''), also known as the forest fox, wood fox, bushdog (not to be confused with the bush dog) or maikong, is an extant species of medium-sized canid endemic to the central part of South America since at least ...
''
**** Crab-eating fox
The crab-eating fox (''Cerdocyon thous''), also known as the forest fox, wood fox, bushdog (not to be confused with the bush dog) or maikong, is an extant species of medium-sized canid endemic to the central part of South America since at least ...
, ''Cerdocyon thous'' LC
***Genus: ''Speothos
''Speothos'' is a genus of canid found in Central and South America. The genus includes the living bush dog, '' Speothos venaticus'', and an extinct Pleistocene species, '' Speothos pacivorus''. Unusually, the fossil species was identified and ...
''
**** Bush dog
The bush dog (''Speothos venaticus'') is a canine found in Central and South America. In spite of its extensive range, it is very rare in most areas except in Suriname, Guyana and Peru; it was first identified by Peter Wilhelm Lund from fossi ...
, ''Speothos venaticus'' NT
***Genus: ''Chrysocyon
The maned wolf (''Chrysocyon brachyurus'') is a large canine of South America. It is found in Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Peru, and Paraguay, and is almost extinct in Uruguay. Its markings resemble those of foxes, but it is neither a fox nor a w ...
''
**** Maned wolf
The maned wolf (''Chrysocyon brachyurus'') is a large canine of South America. It is found in Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Peru, and Paraguay, and is almost extinct in Uruguay. Its markings resemble those of foxes, but it is neither a fox nor a w ...
, ''Chrysocyon brachyurus'' NT
**Family: Ursidae
Bears are carnivoran mammals of the family Ursidae. They are classified as caniforms, or doglike carnivorans. Although only eight species of bears are extant, they are widespread, appearing in a wide variety of habitats throughout the Nort ...
(bears)
***Genus: ''Tremarctos
''Tremarctos'' is a genus of the bear subfamily Tremarctinae, endemic to Americas from the Pliocene to recent. The northern species, the Florida short-faced bear, became extinct 11,000 years ago.B. Kurten & E. Anderson (1980): Pleistocene mam ...
''
**** Spectacled bear, ''Tremarctos ornatus'' VU presence uncertain, possible vagrant
**Family: Procyonidae (raccoons)
***Genus: ''Procyon
Procyon () is the brightest star in the constellation of Canis Minor and usually the eighth-brightest star in the night sky, with an apparent visual magnitude of 0.34. It has the Bayer designation α Canis Minoris, which is Latinized ...
''
**** Crab-eating raccoon, ''Procyon cancrivorus'' LC
***Genus: ''Nasua
''Nasua'' is a genus of coatis of the family Procyonidae. Two additional species of coatis, commonly known as mountain coatis, are placed in the genus ''Nasuella''.
Characteristics
''Nasua'' differs from ''Nasuella'' in being larger and h ...
''
**** South American coati
The South American coati (''Nasua nasua''), also known as the ring-tailed coati, is a coati species and a member of the raccoon family (Procyonidae), found in the tropical and subtropical parts of South America. An adult generally weighs from a ...
, ''Nasua nasua'' LC
**Family: Mustelidae
The Mustelidae (; from Latin ''mustela'', weasel) are a family of carnivorous mammals, including weasels, badgers, otters, ferrets, martens, minks and wolverines, among others. Mustelids () are a diverse group and form the largest family in th ...
(mustelids)
***Genus: ''Eira
Eira is a neighborhood in Helsinki, the capital of Finland.
History
The district dates back to the early 20th century and received its name after Eira Hospital in the neighboring district of Ullanlinna, which in turn took its name from Eira ...
''
**** Tayra
The tayra (''Eira barbara'') is an omnivorous animal from the weasel family, native to the Americas. It is the only species in the genus ''Eira''.
Tayras are also known as the ''tolomuco'' or ''perico ligero'' in Central America, ''motete'' in ...
, ''Eira barbara'' LC
***Genus: ''Galictis
A grison , , also known as a South American wolverine, is any mustelid in the genus ''Galictis''. Native to Central and South America, the genus contains two extant species: the greater grison (''Galictis vittata''), which is found widely in So ...
''
****Lesser grison
The lesser grison (''Galictis cuja'') is a species of mustelid from South America.
Description
Lesser grisons have a long, slender body, short legs, and a bushy tail. They have a long neck and a small head with a flattened forehead and rounded ea ...
, ''Galictis cuja'' LC
****Greater grison
The greater grison (''Galictis vittata'') is a species of mustelid native to Southern Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Description
The greater grison is a slender animal with short legs, a long neck, and a short, bushy tail. They are ...
, ''Galictis vittata LC''
***Genus: ''Lyncodon
The Patagonian weasel (''Lyncodon patagonicus'') is a small mustelid that is the only member of the genus ''Lyncodon''. Its geographic range is the Pampas of western Argentina and sections of Chile. An early mention of the animal is in the Journa ...
''
**** Patagonian weasel
The Patagonian weasel (''Lyncodon patagonicus'') is a small mustelid that is the only member of the genus ''Lyncodon''. Its geographic range is the Pampas of western Argentina and sections of Chile. An early mention of the animal is in the Journa ...
, ''Lyncodon patagonicus'' LC
***Genus: ''Lontra
''Lontra'' is a genus of otters from the Americas.
Species
These species were previously included in the genus ''Lutra'', together with the Eurasian otter
The Eurasian otter (''Lutra lutra''), also known as the European otter, Eurasian river ...
''
**** Marine otter
The marine otter (''Lontra felina'') is a rare and relatively unknown South American mammal of the weasel family ( Mustelidae). The scientific name means "otter cat", and in Spanish, the marine otter is also often referred to as : "marine c ...
, ''Lontra felina'' EN
**** Neotropical river otter
The Neotropical otter or Neotropical river otter (''Lontra longicaudis'') is an otter species found in Mexico, Central America, South America, and the island of Trinidad. It is physically similar to the northern and southern river otter, which ...
, ''Lontra longicaudis'' NT
**** Southern river otter
The southern river otter (''Lontra provocax'') is a species of otter that lives in Chile and Argentina. Although called a "river otter", it inhabits both marine and freshwater environments. It sometimes is considered a subspecies of ''Lontra cana ...
, ''Lontra provocax'' EN
***Genus: ''Neogale
''Neogale'' is a genus of mustelid native to the Americas, ranging from Alaska south to Bolivia. Members of this genus are known as New World weasels.
Taxonomy
Members in this genus were formerly classified into the genera '' Mustela'' and '' ...
''
**** American mink
The American mink (''Neogale vison'') is a semiaquatic species of mustelid native to North America, though human intervention has expanded its range to many parts of Europe, Asia and South America. Because of range expansion, the American mink i ...
, ''N. vison'' LC introduced
***Genus: ''Pteronura
The giant otter or giant river otter (''Pteronura brasiliensis'') is a South American carnivorous mammal. It is the longest member of the weasel family, Mustelidae, a globally successful group of predators, reaching up to . Atypical of mustel ...
''
**** Giant otter
The giant otter or giant river otter (''Pteronura brasiliensis'') is a South American carnivorous mammal. It is the longest member of the weasel family, Mustelidae, a globally successful group of predators, reaching up to . Atypical of muste ...
, ''Pteronura brasiliensis'' EN presence uncertain
**Family: Mephitidae
Mephitidae is a family of mammals comprising the skunks and stink badgers. They are noted for the great development of their anal scent glands, which they use to deter predators. Skunks were formerly classified as a subfamily of the Mustelidae ...
***Genus: ''Conepatus
The hog-nosed skunks belong to the genus ''Conepatus'' and are members of the family (biology), family Mephitidae (skunks). They are native to the Americas. They have white backs and tails and black underparts.
Species
Extinct species
†''Co ...
''
**** Molina's hog-nosed skunk
Molina's hog-nosed skunk, also called the Andes skunk (''Conepatus chinga''), is a skunk species from South America. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile
Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in the western ...
, ''Conepatus chinga'' LC
**** Humboldt's hog-nosed skunk
Humboldt's hog-nosed skunk (''Conepatus humboldtii''), also known as the Patagonian hog-nosed skunk, is a type of hog-nosed skunk indigenous to the open grassy areas in the Patagonian regions of South Argentina and Chile. It belongs to the orde ...
, ''Conepatus humboldtii'' LC
**Clade: Pinnipedia
Pinnipeds (pronounced ), commonly known as seals, are a widely distributed and diverse clade of carnivorous, fin-footed, semiaquatic, mostly marine mammals. They comprise the extant families Odobenidae (whose only living member is the wal ...
(seals, sea lions, walruses)
***Family: Otariidae (eared seals, sea lions)
****Genus: '' Arctocephalus''
***** South American fur seal
The South American fur seal (''Arctocephalus australis'') breeds on the coasts of Peru, Chile, the Falkland Islands, Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil. The total population is around 250,000. However, population counts are sparse and outdated. Altho ...
, ''Arctocephalus australis'' LC
***** Subantarctic fur seal
The subantarctic fur seal (''Arctocephalus tropicalis'') is found in the southern parts of the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic Oceans. It was first described by Gray in 1872 from a specimen recovered in northern Australia—hence the inappropri ...
, ''Arctocephalus tropicalis'' LC
****Genus: '' Otaria''
***** South American sea lion
The South American sea lion (''Otaria flavescens'', formerly ''Otaria byronia''), also called the southern sea lion and the Patagonian sea lion, is a sea lion found on the western and southeastern coasts of South America. It is the only member ...
, ''Otaria flavescens'' LC
***Family: Phocidae (earless seals)
****Genus: '' Leptonychotes''
***** Weddell seal
The Weddell seal (''Leptonychotes weddellii'') is a relatively large and abundant true seal with a circumpolar distribution surrounding Antarctica. The Weddell seal was discovered and named in the 1820s during expeditions led by British seali ...
, ''Leptonychotes weddellii'' LC
****Genus: '' Lobodon''
***** Crabeater seal
The crabeater seal (''Lobodon carcinophaga''), also known as the krill-eater seal, is a true seal with a circumpolar distribution around the coast of Antarctica. They are medium- to large-sized (over 2 m in length), relatively slender and pale-c ...
, ''Lobodon carcinophaga'' LC
****Genus: '' Mirounga''
***** Southern elephant seal
The southern elephant seal (''Mirounga leonina'') is one of two species of elephant seals. It is the largest member of the clade Pinnipedia and the order Carnivora, as well as the largest extant marine mammal that is not a cetacean. It gets its ...
, ''Mirounga leonina'' LC
=Order: Perissodactyla (odd-toed ungulates)
= ----
The odd-toed ungulates are browsing and grazing
In agriculture, grazing is a method of animal husbandry whereby domestic livestock are allowed outdoors to roam around and consume wild vegetations in order to convert the otherwise indigestible (by human gut) cellulose within grass and other ...
mammals. They are usually large to very large, and have relatively simple stomachs and a large middle toe. South America once had a great diversity of ungulates of native origin, but these dwindled after the interchange with North America, and disappeared entirely following the arrival of humans. Sequencing of collagen from fossils of one recently extinct species each of notoungulate
Notoungulata is an extinct order of mammalian ungulates that inhabited South America from the early Paleocene to the Holocene, living from approximately 61 million to 11,000 years ago. Notoungulates were morphologically diverse, with forms resemb ...
s and litoptern
Litopterna (from grc, λῑτή πτέρνα "smooth heel") is an extinct order of fossil hoofed mammals from the Cenozoic era. The order is one of the five great orders of South American ungulates that were endemic to the continent, until th ...
s has indicated that these orders comprise a sister group to the perissodactyls.
*Family: Tapiridae
Tapirs ( ) are large, herbivorous mammals belonging to the family Tapiridae. They are similar in shape to a pig, with a short, prehensile nose trunk. Tapirs inhabit jungle and forest regions of South and Central America, with one species inhabi ...
(tapirs)
**Genus: ''Tapirus
''Tapirus'' is a genus of tapir which contains the three living American tapir species. The Malayan tapir is usually included in ''Tapirus'' as well, although some authorities have moved it into its own genus, '' Acrocodia''.
Extant species
Th ...
''
*** Lowland tapir, ''Tapirus terrestris'' VU
=Order:
Artiodactyla
The even-toed ungulates (Artiodactyla , ) are ungulates—hoofed animals—which bear weight equally on two (an even number) of their five toes: the third and fourth. The other three toes are either present, absent, vestigial, or pointing poster ...
(even-toed ungulates and cetaceans)=
----
The weight of even-toed ungulate
Ungulates ( ) are members of the diverse clade Ungulata which primarily consists of large mammals with hooves. These include odd-toed ungulates such as horses, rhinoceroses, and tapirs; and even-toed ungulates such as cattle, pigs, giraffes, ...
s is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls
Odd-toed ungulates, mammals which constitute the taxonomic order Perissodactyla (, ), are animals—ungulates—who have reduced the weight-bearing toes to three (rhinoceroses and tapirs, with tapirs still using four toes on the front legs) o ...
. There are about 220 noncetacean artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.
*Family: Bovidae
The Bovidae comprise the biological family of cloven-hoofed, ruminant mammals that includes cattle, bison, buffalo, antelopes, and caprines. A member of this family is called a bovid. With 143 extant species and 300 known extinct species, t ...
(bovids)
**Subfamily: Antilopinae
***Genus: ''Antilope
''Antilope'' is a genus of twisted-horn bovid that contains a single living species, the blackbuck of South Asia
South Asia is the southern subregion of Asia, which is defined in both geographical
Geography (from Greek: , ''geog ...
''
**** Blackbuck
The blackbuck (''Antilope cervicapra''), also known as the Indian antelope, is an antelope native to India and Nepal. It inhabits grassy plains and lightly forested areas with perennial water sources.
It stands up to high at the shoulder. Ma ...
, ''A. cervicapra'' introduced
**Subfamily: Caprinae
The subfamily Caprinae, also sometimes referred to as the tribe Caprini, is part of the ruminant family Bovidae, and consists of mostly medium-sized bovids. A member of this subfamily is called a caprine, or, more informally, a goat-antelope (a ...
***Genus: '' Hemitragus''
**** Himalayan tahr
The Himalayan tahr (''Hemitragus jemlahicus'') is a large even-toed ungulate native to the Himalayas in southern Tibet, northern India, western Bhutan and Nepal. It is listed as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List, as the population is declini ...
, ''H. jemlahicus'' introduced, possibly extirpatedDPIPWE (2011) Pest Risk Assessment: Himalayan tahr (''Hemitragus jemlahicus''). Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment. Hobart, Tasmania.
*Family: Tayassuidae (peccaries)
**Genus: ''Catagonus
''Catagonus'' is a genus of peccaries that contains the living Chacoan peccary and several extinct species. The genus has always been restricted to South America.
Taxonomy
''Catagonus'' is notable in that the type species, '' C. metropolitanus'' ...
''
*** Chacoan peccary, ''Catagonus wagneri'' EN
**Genus: '' Dicotyles''
*** Collared peccary
The collared peccary (''Dicotyles tajacu'') is a species of artiodactyl (even-toed) mammal in the family Tayassuidae found in North, Central, and South America. It is the only member of the genus ''Dicotyles''. They are commonly referred to as ...
, ''Dicotyles tajacu'' LC
**Genus: ''Tayassu
The white-lipped peccary (''Tayassu pecari'') is a species of peccary found in Central and South America and the only member of the genus ''Tayassu''. Multiple subspecies have been identified. White-lipped peccaries are similar in appearance to ...
''
*** White-lipped peccary
The white-lipped peccary (''Tayassu pecari'') is a species of peccary found in Central and South America and the only member of the genus ''Tayassu''. Multiple subspecies have been identified. White-lipped peccaries are similar in appearance to ...
, ''Tayassu pecari'' VU
*Family: Camelidae
Camelids are members of the biological family Camelidae, the only currently living family in the suborder Tylopoda. The seven extant members of this group are: dromedary camels, Bactrian camels, wild Bactrian camels, llamas, alpacas, vicuñas, ...
(camels, llamas)
**Genus: '' Lama''
*** Guanaco
The guanaco (; ''Lama guanicoe'') is a camelid native to South America, closely related to the llama. Guanacos are one of two wild South American camelids, the other being the vicuña, which lives at higher elevations.
Etymology
The guanaco ...
, ''Lama guanicoe'' LC
*** Vicuña
The vicuña (''Lama vicugna'') or vicuna (both , very rarely spelled ''vicugna'', its former genus name) is one of the two wild South American camelids, which live in the high alpine areas of the Andes, the other being the guanaco, which live ...
, ''Lama vicugna'' LC
*Family: Cervidae
Deer or true deer are hoofed ruminant mammals forming the family Cervidae. The two main groups of deer are the Cervinae, including the muntjac, the elk (wapiti), the red deer, and the fallow deer; and the Capreolinae, including the reind ...
(deer)
**Subfamily: Capreolinae
The Capreolinae, Odocoileinae, or the New World deer are a subfamily of deer. Alternatively, they are known as the telemetacarpal deer, due to their bone structure being different from the plesiometacarpal deer subfamily Cervinae. The telemeta ...
***Genus: '' Blastocerus''
**** Marsh deer
The marsh deer (''Blastocerus dichotomus'') is the largest deer species from South America reaching a length of and a shoulder height of . It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Peru, Brazil, Uruguay and Paraguay. Formerly found in much of tropical ...
, ''Blastocerus dichotomus'' VU
***Genus: ''Hippocamelus
''Hippocamelus'' is a genus of Cervidae, the deer family. It comprises two extant Andean and two fossil species. The living members are commonly known as the huemul (from the Mapuche language), and the taruca.
Both species have a stocky, thick ...
''
**** Taruca, ''Hippocamelus antisensis'' VU
**** South Andean deer
The south Andean deer (''Hippocamelus bisulcus''), also known as the southern guemal, south Andean huemul, southern huemul, or Chilean ''huemul'' or '' güemul'' ( , ), is an endangered species of deer native to the mountains of Argentina and Chi ...
, ''Hippocamelus bisulcus'' EN
***Genus: '' Mazama''
**** Red brocket
The red brocket (''Mazama americana'') is a species of brocket deer from forests in South America, ranging from northern Argentina to Colombia and the Guianas. It also occurs on the Caribbean island of Trinidad (it also occurred on the island ...
, ''Mazama americana'' DD
**** Gray brocket
The gray brocket (''Mazama gouazoubira''), also known as the brown brocket, is a species of brocket deer from northern Argentina, Bolivia, southern Peru, eastern and southern Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay. It formerly included the Amazonian br ...
, ''Mazama gouazoupira'' LC
**** Pygmy brocket
The pygmy brocket (''Mazama nana'') is a brocket deer species from South America. It is found in southern Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay
Paraguay (; ), officially the Republic of Paraguay ( es, República del Paraguay, links=no; gn, Tavaku ...
, ''Mazama nana'' VU
***Genus: ''Odocoileus
''Odocoileus'' is a genus of medium-sized deer (family Cervidae) containing three species native to the Americas
The Americas, which are sometimes collectively called America, are a landmass comprising the totality of North America, Nor ...
''
**** Mule deer
The mule deer (''Odocoileus hemionus'') is a deer indigenous to western North America; it is named for its ears, which are large like those of the mule. Two subspecies of mule deer are grouped into the black-tailed deer.
Unlike the related whi ...
, ''O. hemionus'' LC introduced
***Genus: ''Ozotoceros
The Pampas deer (''Ozotoceros bezoarticus'') is a species of deer that live in the grasslands of South America at low elevations.Geist, Valerius. Deer of the world their evolution, behaviour, and ecology'. Mechanicsburg, Pa: Stackpole Books, 1998 ...
''
**** Pampas deer
The Pampas deer (''Ozotoceros bezoarticus'') is a species of deer that live in the grasslands of South America at low elevations.Geist, Valerius. Deer of the world their evolution, behaviour, and ecology'. Mechanicsburg, Pa: Stackpole Books, 1998 ...
, ''Ozotoceros bezoarticus'' NT
***Genus: ''Pudú
The pudus (Mapudungun ''püdü'' or ''püdu'', es, pudú, ) are two species of South American deer from the genus ''Pudu'', and are the world's smallest deer. The chevrotains (mouse-deer; Tragulidae) are smaller, but they are not true deer. The ...
''
**** Southern pudú
The southern pudu (''Pudu puda'', Mapudungun ''püdü'' or ''püdu'', es, pudú, ) is a species of South American deer native to the Andes of Chile and Argentina. It is found in high-altitude forests and is classified as Near Threatened in the I ...
, ''P. puda'' NT
**Subfamily: Cervinae
The Cervinae or the Old World deer, are a subfamily of deer. Alternatively, they are known as the plesiometacarpal deer, due to their ankle structure being different from the telemetacarpal deer of the Capreolinae.
Classification and species
Th ...
***Genus: '' Dama''
**** European fallow deer
The European fallow deer (''Dama dama''), also known as the common fallow deer or simply fallow deer, is a species of ruminant mammal belonging to the family Cervidae. It is historically native to Turkey and possibly the Italian Peninsula, Bal ...
, ''D. dama'' LC introduced
=Order: Cetacea (whales, dolphins and porpoises)
= ----
The infraorder Cetacea includes whale
Whales are a widely distributed and diverse group of fully aquatic placental marine mammals. As an informal and colloquial grouping, they correspond to large members of the infraorder Cetacea, i.e. all cetaceans apart from dolphins and ...
s, dolphin
A dolphin is an aquatic mammal within the infraorder Cetacea. Dolphin species belong to the families Delphinidae (the oceanic dolphins), Platanistidae (the Indian river dolphins), Iniidae (the New World river dolphins), Pontoporiidae (the ...
s and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater. Their closest extant relatives are the hippos
A hippo or hippopotamus is either of two species of large African mammal which live mainly in and near water:
* Hippopotamus
* Pygmy hippopotamus
Hippo or Hippos may also refer to:
Toponymy
* The ancient city of Hippo Regius (modern Annaba, Al ...
, which are artiodactyls, from which cetaceans descended; cetaceans are thus also artiodactyls.
*Parvorder: Mysticeti
**Family: Balaenidae
***Genus: ''Eubalaena
Right whales are three species of large baleen whales of the genus ''Eubalaena'': the North Atlantic right whale (''E. glacialis''), the North Pacific right whale (''E. japonica'') and the Southern right whale (''E. australis''). They are class ...
''
**** Southern right whale, ''Eubalaena australis'' LC
**Family: Balaenopteridae
***Subfamily: Balaenopterinae
****Genus: ''Balaenoptera
''Balaenoptera'' () is a genus of rorquals containing eight extant species. ''Balaenoptera'' comprises all but two of the extant species in its family (the humpback whale and gray whale); the genus is currently polyphyletic, with the two afore ...
''
***** Common minke whale
The common minke whale or northern minke whale (''Balaenoptera acutorostrata'') is a species of minke whale within the suborder of baleen whales.
It is the smallest species of the rorquals and the second smallest species of baleen whale. Althoug ...
, ''Balaenoptera acutorostrata'' LC
***** Antarctic minke whale
The Antarctic minke whale or southern minke whale (''Balaenoptera bonaerensis'') is a species of minke whale within the suborder of baleen whale
Baleen whales ( systematic name Mysticeti), also known as whalebone whales, are a parvorder of ...
, ''Balaenoptera bonaerensis'' NT
***** Sei whale, ''Balaenoptera borealis'' EN
***** Bryde's whale, ''Balaenoptera edeni'' NE
***** Blue whale
The blue whale (''Balaenoptera musculus'') is a marine mammal and a baleen whale. Reaching a maximum confirmed length of and weighing up to , it is the largest animal known to have ever existed. The blue whale's long and slender body can ...
, ''Balaenoptera musculus'' EN
***** Fin whale
The fin whale (''Balaenoptera physalus''), also known as finback whale or common rorqual and formerly known as herring whale or razorback whale, is a cetacean belonging to the parvorder of baleen whales. It is the second-longest species of ce ...
, ''Balaenoptera physalus'' VU
***Subfamily: Megapterinae
****Genus: ''Megaptera
The humpback whale (''Megaptera novaeangliae'') is a species of baleen whale. It is a rorqual (a member of the family Balaenopteridae) and is the only species in the genus ''Megaptera''. Adults range in length from and weigh up to . The hu ...
''
***** Humpback whale
The humpback whale (''Megaptera novaeangliae'') is a species of baleen whale. It is a rorqual (a member of the family Balaenopteridae) and is the only species in the genus ''Megaptera''. Adults range in length from and weigh up to . The hu ...
, ''Megaptera novaeangliae'' LC
**Family: Neobalaenidae
Neobalaenidae is a family of baleen whales (suborder Mysticeti) including the extant pygmy right whale. Although traditionally considered related to balaenids, a recent phylogenetic study by Fordyce and Marx (2013) recovered the living pygmy ri ...
***Genus: '' Caperea''
**** Pygmy right whale
The pygmy right whale (''Caperea marginata'') is a species of baleen whale. It may be a member of the cetotheres, a family of baleen whales which until 2012 were thought to be extinct; ''C. marginata'' has otherwise been considered the monotyp ...
, ''Caperea marginata'' LC
*Parvorder: Odontoceti
**Family: Physeteridae
***Genus: ''Physeter
''Physeter'' is a genus of toothed whales. There is only one living species in this genus: the sperm whale (''Physeter macrocephalus''). Some extremely poorly known fossil species have also been assigned to the same genus including ''Physeter an ...
''
**** Sperm whale, ''Physeter macrocephalus'' VU
**Family: Kogiidae
***Genus: ''Kogia
''Kogia'' is a genus of toothed whales within the superfamily Physeteroidea comprising two extant and two extinct species from the Neogene
*Pygmy sperm whale, ''Kogia breviceps''
*Dwarf sperm whale, ''Kogia sima''
*†'' Kogia pusilla'', Italy, ...
''
**** Pygmy sperm whale
The pygmy sperm whale (''Kogia breviceps'') is one of two extant species in the family Kogiidae in the sperm whale superfamily. They are not often sighted at sea, and most of what is known about them comes from the examination of stranded speci ...
, ''Kogia breviceps'' DD
**** Dwarf sperm whale
The dwarf sperm whale (''Kogia sima'') is a sperm whale that inhabits temperate and tropical oceans worldwide, in particular continental shelves and slopes. It was first described by biologist Richard Owen in 1866, based on illustrations by n ...
, ''Kogia sima'' DD
**Family: Ziphidae
***Genus: '' Ziphius''
**** Cuvier's beaked whale
The Cuvier's beaked whale, goose-beaked whale, or ziphius (''Ziphius cavirostris'') is the most widely distributed of all beaked whales in the family Ziphiidae. It is smaller than most baleen whales yet large among beaked whales. Cuvier's beaked ...
, ''Ziphius cavirostris'' LC
***Genus: '' Berardius''
**** Arnoux's beaked whale, ''Berardius arnuxii'' DD
***Genus: '' Tasmacetus''
**** Shepherd's beaked whale
Shepherd's beaked whale (''Tasmacetus shepherdi''), also commonly called Tasman's beaked whale or simply the Tasman whale, is a cetacean of the family Ziphiidae and the only species in the genus ''Tasmacetus''. The whale has not been studied ...
, ''Tasmacetus shepherdi'' DD
***Subfamily: Hyperoodontinae
Beaked whales (systematic name Ziphiidae) are a family of cetaceans noted as being one of the least known groups of mammals because of their deep-sea habitat and apparent low abundance. Only three or four of the 24 species are reasonably well-k ...
****Genus: ''Hyperoodon
''Hyperoodon'' (or ''Hyperoödon'') is a genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes ...
''
***** Southern bottlenose whale
The southern bottlenose whale (''Hyperoodon planifrons'') is a species of whale, in the Ziphiid family, one of two members of the genus ''Hyperoodon''. Seldom observed, the southern bottlenose whale is resident in Antarctic waters. The species wa ...
, ''Hyperoodon planifrons'' LC
****Genus: ''Mesoplodon
Mesoplodont whales are 16 species of toothed whale in the genus ''Mesoplodon'', making it the largest genus in the cetacean order. Two species were described as recently as 1991 (pygmy beaked whale) and 2002 (Perrin's beaked whale), and marine ...
''
***** Andrews' beaked whale
Andrews' beaked whale (''Mesoplodon bowdoini''), sometimes known as the deep-crest beaked whale or splay-toothed whale, is one of the least known members of a poorly known genus. The species has never been observed in the wild, and is known only ...
, ''Mesoplodon bowdoini'' DD
***** Gray's beaked whale, ''Mesoplodon grayi'' DD
***** Hector's beaked whale
Hector's beaked whale (''Mesoplodon hectori''), is a small mesoplodont living in the Southern Hemisphere. This whale is named after Sir James Hector, a founder of the colonial museum in Wellington, New Zealand. The species has rarely been seen i ...
, ''Mesoplodon hectori'' DD
***** Strap-toothed whale
The strap-toothed beaked whale (''Mesoplodon layardii''), also known as Layard's beaked whale, is one of the largest members of the mesoplodont genus, growing to in length and reaching up to .
The common and scientific name was given in honor o ...
, ''Mesoplodon layardii'' DD
**Superfamily: Inioidea
River dolphins are a polyphyletic group of fully aquatic mammals that reside exclusively in freshwater or brackish water. They are an informal grouping of dolphins, which itself is a paraphyletic group within the infraorder Cetacea. Extant riv ...
(river dolphins)
***Family: Pontoporiidae
****Genus: '' Pontoporia''
***** La Plata dolphin, ''Pontoporia blainvillei'' VU
**Superfamily: Delphinoidea
Delphinoidea is the largest group of toothed whales with 66 genera in 6 families. The largest living member of the superfamily is the killer whale, which can reach 6 tons, while the smallest is the vaquita.
Taxonomy
Based on McGowen ''et al''., ...
***Family: Phocoenidae
Porpoises are a group of fully aquatic marine mammals, all of which are classified under the family Phocoenidae, parvorder Odontoceti (toothed whales). Although similar in appearance to dolphins, they are more closely related to narwhals ...
(porpoises)
****Genus: ''Phocoena
''Phocoena'' is a genus of porpoises with four extant species:
References
External links
*
*''Phocoena''in ''Mammal Species of the World
''Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference'' is a standard reference work in ...
''
***** Spectacled porpoise
The spectacled porpoise (''Phocoena dioptrica'') is a small to midsize porpoise indigenous to the Southern Ocean. It is one of the most poorly studied cetaceans, partly due to its remote range in the southern ocean. What little is known about th ...
, ''Phocoena dioptrica'' LC
***** Burmeister's porpoise, ''Phocoena spinipinnis'' NT
***Family: Delphinidae
Oceanic dolphins or Delphinidae are a widely distributed family of dolphins that live in the sea. Close to forty extant species are recognised. They include several big species whose common names contain "whale" rather than "dolphin", such as the ...
(marine dolphins)
****Genus: ''Cephalorhynchus
''Cephalorhynchus'' is a genus in the dolphin family Delphinidae.
Extant species
It consists of four species:
The species have similar physical features—they are small, generally playful, blunt-nosed dolphins—but they are found in di ...
''
***** Commerson's dolphin
Commerson's dolphin (''Cephalorhynchus commersonii''), also referred to by the common names jacobita, skunk dolphin, piebald dolphin, panda dolphin, or tonina overa (in South America), is a small oceanic dolphin of the genus ''Cephalorhynchus'' ...
, ''Cephalorhynchus commersonii'' LC
***** Chilean dolphin
The Chilean dolphin (''Cephalorhynchus eutropia''), also known as the black dolphin, is one of four dolphins in the genus ''Cephalorhynchus''. The dolphin is found only off the coast of Chile; it is commonly referred to in the country as ''ton ...
, ''Cephalorhynchus eutropia'' NT
****Genus: '' Tursiops''
***** Common bottlenose dolphin
The common bottlenose dolphin or Atlantic bottlenose dolphin (''Tursiops truncatus'') is a wide-ranging marine mammal of the family Delphinidae. The common bottlenose dolphin is a very familiar dolphin due to the wide exposure it gets in captiv ...
, ''Tursiops truncatus'' LC
****Genus: '' Stenella''
***** Pantropical spotted dolphin
The pantropical spotted dolphin (''Stenella attenuata'') is a species of dolphin found in all the world's temperate and tropical oceans. The species was beginning to come under threat due to the killing of millions of individuals in tuna purse s ...
, ''Stenella attenuata'' LC
***** Striped dolphin
The striped dolphin (''Stenella coeruleoalba'') is an extensively studied dolphin found in temperate and tropical waters of all the world's oceans. It is a member of the oceanic dolphin family, Delphinidae.
Taxonomy
The striped dolphin is one o ...
, ''Stenella coeruleoalba'' LC
***** Spinner dolphin
The spinner dolphin (''Stenella longirostris'') is a small dolphin found in off-shore tropical waters around the world. It is famous for its acrobatic displays in which it rotates around its longitudinal axis as it leaps through the air. It is a ...
, ''Stenella longirostris'' LC
****Genus: ''Delphinus
Delphinus (Pronounced or ) is a small constellation in the Northern Celestial Hemisphere, close to the celestial equator. Its name is the Latin version for the Greek word for dolphin (). It is one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd c ...
''
***** Long-beaked common dolphin, ''Delphinus capensis'' DD
***** Short-beaked common dolphin
The common dolphin (''Delphinus delphis'') is the most abundant cetacean in the world, with a global population of about six million. Despite this fact and its vernacular name, the common dolphin is not thought of as the archetypal dolphin, with ...
, ''Delphinus delphis'' LC
****Genus: '' Lagenodelphis''
***** Fraser's dolphin
Fraser's dolphin or the Sarawak dolphin (''Lagenodelphis hosei'') is a cetacean in the family Delphinidae found in deep waters in the Pacific Ocean and to a lesser extent in the Indian and Atlantic Oceans.
Taxonomy
''Lagenodelphis hosei'' is spe ...
, ''Lagenodelphis hosei'' LC
****Genus: '' Lissodelphis''
***** Southern right whale dolphin
The southern right whale dolphin (''Lissodelphis peronii'') is a small and slender species of cetacean, found in cool waters of the Southern Hemisphere. It is one of two species of right whale dolphin (genus ''Lissodelphis''). This genus is char ...
, ''Lissodelphis peronii'' LC
****Genus: ''Lagenorhynchus''
***** Peale's dolphin, ''Lagenorhynchus australis'' LC
***** Hourglass dolphin, ''Lagenorhynchus cruciger'' LC
***** Dusky dolphin, ''Lagenorhynchus obscurus'' LC
****Genus: ''Grampus (genus), Grampus''
***** Risso's dolphin, ''Grampus griseus'' LC
****Genus: ''Orcinus''
***** Orca, ''Orcinus orca'' DD
****Genus: ''Pseudorca''
***** False killer whale, ''Pseudorca crassidens'' NT
****Genus: ''Globicephala''
***** Long-finned pilot whale, ''Globicephala melas'' LC
See also
*Environment of Argentina *List of chordate orders *Mammals of Antarctica, List of mammals in Antarctica *Lists of mammals by region *List of prehistoric mammals *Mammal classification *List of mammals described in the 2000sNotes
References
*External links
* {{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Mammals Of Argentina Lists of mammals by country, Argentina Lists of biota of Argentina, Mammals Mammals of Argentina, * Lists of mammals of South America, Argentina