This is a list consisting of all the

heads of state A head of state (or chief of state) is the public persona who officially embodies a state Foakes, pp. 110–11 " he head of statebeing an embodiment of the State itself or representatitve of its international persona." in its unity and ...

of modern and contemporary

Romania Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern, and Southeast Europe, Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, S ...

, from the establishment of the

United Principalities The United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia ( ro, Principatele Unite ale Moldovei și Țării Românești), commonly called United Principalities, was the personal union of the Principality of Moldavia and the Principality of Wallachia, ...

in 1859 to the present-day in the early 21st century. The incumbent head of state, as of , is President

Klaus Iohannis Klaus Werner Iohannis (; ; also spelled Johannis; born 13 June 1959) is a Romanian politician, physicist and former teacher who has been serving as the president of Romania since 2014. He became leader of the National Liberal Party (PNL) in 20 ...

, a former longtime leader of the

Democratic Forum of Germans in Romania The Democratic Forum of Germans in Romania (german: Demokratisches Forum der Deutschen in Rumänien, DFDR; ro, Forumul Democrat al Germanilor din România, FDGR; in short or ) is a political party (legally recognized as an association of public ...

(FDGR/DFDR) for many years and, briefly, of the National Liberal Party (PNL) in 2014 as well. In addition, Iohannis is the first

Romanian president The president of Romania ( ro, Președintele României) is the head of state of Romania. Following a modification to the Romanian Constitution in 2003, the president is directly elected by a two-round system and serves for five years. An indi ...

to stem from an ethnic minority of the country, as he is a

Transylvanian Saxon The Transylvanian Saxons (german: Siebenbürger Sachsen; Transylvanian Saxon: ''Siweberjer Såksen''; ro, Sași ardeleni, sași transilvăneni/transilvani; hu, Erdélyi szászok) are a people of German ethnicity who settled in Transylvania ...

, therefore part of the broader German minority of Romania.

United Principalities (1859–1881)

Kingdom of Romania (1881–1947)

Romanian People's Republic/Socialist Republic of Romania (1947–1989)

;Status

General Secretary of the Romanian Workers' Party/Romanian Communist Party

Contemporary Romania (1989–present)

The

Constitution of Romania The current Constitution of Romania is the seventh permanent constitution in modern Romania's history. It is the fundamental governing document of Romania that establishes the structure of its government, the rights and obligations of citizens, ...

prohibits the

President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university * President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese ...

to be a member of any

political party A political party is an organization that coordinates candidates to compete in a particular country's elections. It is common for the members of a party to hold similar ideas about politics, and parties may promote specific ideological or p ...

while in office. The parties listed below represent the political affiliation before the 1991 Constitution was adopted and the party affiliation of the ad interim (i.e.

acting Acting is an activity in which a story is told by means of its enactment by an actor or actress who adopts a character—in theatre, television, film, radio, or any other medium that makes use of the mimetic mode. Acting involves a broad r ...

)

Presidents President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) *President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese ful ...

, for whom such a restriction is not explicitly stipulated in the law. ;Status

Living former heads of state

To date, as of late December 2022, there are three living former Romanian presidents as follows: File:Ion Iliescu (2).JPG, File:Constantinescu emil.jpg, File:EPP Summit; Meise, Dec. 2013 (11449226465) (cropped 2).jpg,

Timeline

ImageSize = width:1000 height:auto barincrement:20 PlotArea = top:10 bottom:50 right:80 left:20 AlignBars = late DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy Period = from:1860 till:2024 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:6 start:1860 Colors = id:prince value:rgb(1,1,0) legend: Domnitor_/_Prince id:king value:rgb(0.5,0.71,0.84) legend: King id:psc value:red legend: President_of_the_State_Council id:president value:blue legend: President id:interim value:rgb(1,0,0.5) legend: Interim_President Legend = columns:1 left:100 top:24 columnwidth:100 TextData = pos:(20,27) textcolor:black fontsize:M text:"Legend:" BarData = barset:PM PlotData= align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till width:15 barset:PM from: 05/02/1862 till: 22/02/1866 color:prince text:"

Alexandru Ioan Cuza Alexandru Ioan Cuza (, or Alexandru Ioan I, also anglicised as Alexander John Cuza; 20 March 1820 – 15 May 1873) was the first ''domnitor'' (Ruler) of the Romanian Principalities through his double election as prince of Moldavia on 5 Janua ...

" from: 20/04/1866 till: 15/03/1881 color:prince text:"

Carol I Carol I or Charles I of Romania (20 April 1839 – ), born Prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, was the monarch of Romania from 1866 to his death in 1914, ruling as Prince (''Domnitor'') from 1866 to 1881, and as King from 1881 to 1914. He w ...

" from: 15/03/1881 till: 10/10/1914 color:king text:"

" from: 10/10/1914 till: 20/07/1927 color:king text:" Ferdinand I" from: 20/07/1927 till: 08/06/1930 color:king text:"

Mihai I Michael I ( ro, Mihai I ; 25 October 1921 – 5 December 2017) was the last King of Romania, reigning from 20 July 1927 to 8 June 1930 and again from 6 September 1940 until his forced abdication on 30 December 1947. Shortly after Michael's ...

" from: 08/06/1930 till: 06/09/1940 color:king text:"

Carol II Carol II (4 April 1953) was King of Romania from 8 June 1930 until his forced abdication on 6 September 1940. The eldest son of Ferdinand I, he became crown prince upon the death of his grand-uncle, King Carol I in 1914. He was the first of th ...

" from: 06/09/1940 till: 30/12/1947 color:king text:"

" from: 30/12/1947 till: 12/06/1952 color:psc text:"

Constantin Ion Parhon Constantin Ion Parhon (; 15 October 1874 – 9 August 1969) was a Romanian neuropsychiatrist, endocrinologist and politician. He was the first head of state of the Romanian People's Republic from 1947 to 1952. Parhon was President of the Physici ...

" from: 12/06/1952 till: 07/01/1958 color:psc text:" Petru Groza" from: 11/01/1958 till: 21/03/1961 color:psc text:"

Ion Gheorghe Maurer Ion Gheorghe Iosif Maurer (23 September 1902 – 8 February 2000) was a Romanian communist politician and lawyer, and the 49th Prime Minister of Romania. He is the longest serving Prime Minister in the history of Romania (having served for ...

" from: 21/03/1961 till: 19/03/1965 color:psc text:"

Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej (; 8 November 1901 – 19 March 1965) was a Romanian communist politician and electrician. He was the first Communist leader of Romania from 1947 to 1965, serving as first secretary of the Romanian Communist Part ...

" from: 24/03/1965 till: 09/12/1967 color:psc text:"

Chivu Stoica Chivu Stoica (the family name being Chivu; 8 August 1908 – 18 February 1975) was a leading Romanian Communist politician, who served as 48th Prime Minister of Romania. Early life Stoica was born in Smeeni, Buzău County, the sixth child of ...

" from: 09/12/1967 till: 28/03/1974 color:psc text:"

Nicolae Ceaușescu Nicolae Ceaușescu ( , ; – 25 December 1989) was a Romanian communist politician and dictator. He was the general secretary of the Romanian Communist Party from 1965 to 1989, and the second and last Communist leader of Romania. He ...

" from: 28/03/1974 till: 22/12/1989 color:president text:"

" from: 26/12/1989 till: 29/11/1996 color:president text:"

Ion Iliescu Ion Iliescu (; born 3 March 1930) is a Romanian politician and engineer who served as President of Romania from 1989 until 1996 and from 2000 until 2004. Between 1996 and 2000 and also from 2004 to 2008, the year in which he retired, Iliescu ...

" from: 29/11/1996 till: 20/12/2000 color:president text:"

Emil Constantinescu Emil Constantinescu () (born 19 November 1939) is a Romanian professor and politician, who served as the President of Romania, from 1996 to 2000. After the Romanian Revolution of 1989, Constantinescu became a founding member and vice president ...

" from: 20/12/2000 till: 20/12/2004 color:president text:"

" from: 20/12/2004 till: 21/12/2014 color:president text:"

Traian Băsescu Traian Băsescu (; born 4 November 1951) is a conservative Romanian politician who served as President of Romania from 2004 to 2014. Prior to his presidency, Băsescu served as Romanian Minister of Transport on multiple occasions between 1991 ...

" from: 19/04/2007 till: 23/05/2007 color:interim text:"

Nicolae Văcăroiu Nicolae Văcăroiu (; born on 5 December 1943 in Cetatea Albă, now Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi in Ukraine) is a Romanian politician, member of the Social Democratic Party (PSD), who served as Prime Minister between 1992 and 1996. Before the 198 ...

" from: 10/07/2012 till: 27/08/2012 color:interim text:"

Crin Antonescu George Crin Laurențiu Antonescu (; born 21 September 1959) is a Romanian politician, who was President of the National Liberal Party (PNL) from 2009 to 2014. He also served as the country Acting President after the impeachment of Traian Băsesc ...

" from: 21/12/2014 till: 25/12/2022 color:president text:"

Footnotes and references

* Bulei, Ion, ''O istorie a românilor'', Editura Meronia, București, 2007, pg. 266-267

External links

The President of Romania

Romanian Royal Family
{{Heads of State of Romania

* * *

Heads of state A head of state (or chief of state) is the public persona who officially embodies a state Foakes, pp. 110–11 " he head of statebeing an embodiment of the State itself or representatitve of its international persona." in its unity and ...

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