This is a list of recently extinct flora of Australia, that is plants that are considered to have become extinct since the European colonisation of

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands. With an area of , Australia is the largest country by ...

in 1788. Within Australia there are mechanisms for registering an extinction at the federal, state and territory levels. Federal and state listings may vary due to regional extinctions or because of differing definitions of extinction in the various pieces of legislation.

Plants listed as extinct by the federal government

Plants and animals are listed as extinct and the federal level under the auspices of the

Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 The ''Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999'' (Cth) is an Act of the Parliament of Australia that provides a framework for protection of the Australian environment, including its biodiversity and its natural and cult ...

. The Act lists all plants considered to have become extinct since the commencement of European settlement of Australia in 1788. There are 37 species currently listed as extinct under the Act. Of note, the species ''Pimelea spinescens'' subsp. ''pubiflora'' was presumed extinct after 1901, but a population was discovered in 2005. The orchid '' Diuris bracteata'' was also considered extinct after its first collection in 1899, but it was thought to have been rediscovered in 1998. The later collections are now considered to be '' Diuris platichila''. The spiny everlasting ('' Acanthocladium dockeri'') was reclassified as critically endangered in 2006 after it was rediscovered in 1999. Bennett's Seaweed, declared extinct under the EPBC Act in 1999; was the first

protist A protist () is any eukaryotic organism (that is, an organism whose cells contain a cell nucleus) that is not an animal, plant, or fungus. While it is likely that protists share a common ancestor (the last eukaryotic common ancestor), the e ...

listed as extinct by the

IUCN The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN; officially International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) is an international organization working in the field of nature conservation and sustainable use of natu ...

in 2004.

Plants listed as extinct by the states and territories

Each state and territory of Australia has legislation to record the extinction of plants and animals; organisms listed as extinct at the state level may differ from those listed under the EPBC Act.

Australian Capital Territory

Threatened species are listed under the ''

Nature Conservation Act 2014 The ''Nature Conservation Act 2014'' (''NC Act'') is a territory-based act of parliament in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT). The NC Act is "the chief legislation for the protection of native plants and animals in the ACT and for the manage ...

'' in the

Australian Capital Territory The Australian Capital Territory (commonly abbreviated as ACT), known as the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) until 1938, is a landlocked federal territory of Australia containing the national capital Canberra and some surrounding township#Aust ...

New South Wales

There are 35 taxa "presumed extinct" as specified in Part 4 of Schedule 1 of the

New South Wales ) , nickname = , image_map = New South Wales in Australia.svg , map_caption = Location of New South Wales in AustraliaCoordinates: , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = Australia , established_title = Before federation , es ...

Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 The ''Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 (TSC Act)'' was enacted by the Parliament of New South Wales in 1995 to protect threatened species, populations and ecological communities in NSW. In 2016 it was replaced by the '' Biodiversity Co ...

''. Species presumed extinct in New South Wales, but not listed under the EPBC Act include: '' Rhaphidospora bonneyana'', '' Glinus orygioides'', '' Ptilotus extenuatus'', '' Acanthocladium dockeri'' (listed by EPBC as extinct in SA, but not NSW), '' Blumea lacera'', '' Senecio behrianus'', ''

Stemmacantha australis ''Rhaponticum'' is a genus of flowering plants in the tribe Cardueae within the family Asteraceae. Description ''Rhaponticum'' species are perennial herbaceous plants with simple, rarely branched stems. The leaves are simple to pinnatifid. ...

'', '' Lepidium foliosum'', '' Stenopetalum velutinum'', '' Atriplex acutiloba'', '' Maireana lanosa'', ''

Osteocarpum pentapterum ''Osteocarpum'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Amaranthaceae. Its native range is Australia. Species Species: *''Osteocarpum acropterum'' *''Osteocarpum dipterocarpum ''Osteocarpum'' is a genus of flowering plants b ...

'', '' Hypolepis elegans'', '' Codonocarpus pyramidalis'', '' Haloragis stricta'', '' Myriophyllum implicatum'', ''

Caladenia rosella ''Caladenia rosella'', commonly known as the rosella spider orchid is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to south-eastern Australia. It is a ground orchid with a single hairy leaf and a single scented pink flower. Althoug ...

'', '' Thelymitra epipactoides'', '' Comesperma scoparium'', '' Grevillea nematophylla'', '' Persoonia laxa'', '' Pomaderris oraria'', '' Aphanes pentamera'', '' Knoxia sumatrensis'', ''

Micromelum minutum ''Micromelum minutum'', commonly known as limeberry, dilminyin (east Arnhem Land). kimiar margibur ( Murray Island), tulibas tilos (Philippines), sesi (Indonesia) and samui (Thailand), is a species of small tree or shrub in the citrus plant fam ...

'', '' Philotheca angustifolia'', '' Dodonaea stenophylla'', '' Tetratheca pilosa subsp. pilosa''. Although listed as extinct under the EPBC Act, '' Diurus bracteata'' is listed as endangered in New South Wales.

Northern Territory

Threatened species is the

Northern Territory The Northern Territory (commonly abbreviated as NT; formally the Northern Territory of Australia) is an Australian territory in the central and central northern regions of Australia. The Northern Territory shares its borders with Western Aust ...

are listed under IUCN criteria by the Department of Natural Resources, Environment and the Arts. As of 2006 there are no recorded plant extinctions in the Northern Territory.

South Australia

Threatened species are listed under the ''

National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972 Protected areas of South Australia consists of protected areas located within South Australia and its immediate onshore waters and which are managed by South Australian Government agencies. As of March 2018, South Australia contains 359 sepa ...

'' in

South Australia South Australia (commonly abbreviated as SA) is a States and territories of Australia, state in the southern central part of Australia. It covers some of the most arid parts of the country. With a total land area of , it is the fourth-largest o ...

. 26 plant taxa are presumed extinct in South Australia, 2 of these are listed under the EPBC Act

Queensland

Threatened species are listed under the ''

Nature Conservation Act 1992 The ''Nature Conservation Act 1992'' is an act of the Parliament of Queensland, Australia, that, together with subordinate legislation, provides for the legislative protection of Queensland's threatened biota. As originally published, it pro ...

'' and the '' Nature Conservation (Wildlife) Regulation 2006'' in

Queensland ) , nickname = Sunshine State , image_map = Queensland in Australia.svg , map_caption = Location of Queensland in Australia , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = Australia , established_title = Before federation , establishe ...

, under this act some species are described as "presumed extinct". There are currently 27 species described as presumed extinct in Queensland, those not listed under the EPBC Act include: '' Acianthus ledwardii'', '' Amphineuron immersum'', '' Antrophyum austroqueenslandicum'', ''

Corchorus thozetii ''Corchorus'' is a genus of about 40–100 species of flowering plants in the family Malvaceae, native to tropical and subtropical regions throughout the world. Different common names are used in different contexts, with jute applying to the fi ...

'', ''

Dimocarpus leichhardtii ''Dimocarpus'' is a genus of about 20 species of trees or shrubs known to science, constituting part of the flowering plant family Sapindaceae. They grow naturally in tropical south and Southeast Asia, Malesia, Papuasia and Australasia, includi ...

'', '' Lindsaea pulchella var. blanda'', '' Oldenlandia tenelliflora var. papuana'', ''

Rhaphidospora cavernarum ''Rhaphidospora cavernarum'' is a plant species in the family Acanthaceae. The species was thought to be extinct in Queensland until rediscovered on Cape York, between Cooktown Cooktown is a coastal town and locality in the Shire of Co ...

'', '' Tapeinosperma flueckigeri'', '' Teucrium ajugaceum'', '' Trichomanes exiguum'', '' Wendlandia psychotrioides'', '' Zieria sp.'' (Russell River S.Johnson in 1892). It was reported on 12 April 2008 that two of the plants, ''

'' and '' Teucrium ajugaceum'' have been rediscovered on Cape York between Cooktown and Lockhart River, and are now re-classified as "vulnerable".

Tasmania

There are 20 taxa classified as "presumed extinct" under schedule 3.2 of the

Tasmania ) , nickname = , image_map = Tasmania in Australia.svg , map_caption = Location of Tasmania in AustraliaCoordinates: , subdivision_type = Country , subdi ...

n ''

Threatened Species Protection Act 1995 The ''Threatened Species Protection Act 1995'' (TSP Act), is an act of the Parliament of Tasmania that provides the statute relating to conservation of flora and fauna. Its long title is An Act to provide for the protection and management of th ...

''. Only three of these species are listed as extinct under the EPBC Act. The additional species listed as extinct under Tasmanian legislation are: '' Ballantinia antipoda'', ''

Banksia integrifolia subsp. integrifolia ''Banksia integrifolia'' subsp. ''integrifolia'' is a subspecies of ''Banksia integrifolia''. Description ''Banksia integrifolia'' subsp. ''integrifolia'' can be distinguished from the other subspecies of ''B. integrifolia'' by its slightl ...

'', '' Botrychium australe'', '' Caladenia cardiochila'', ''

Chenopodium erosum ''Chenopodium'' is a genus of numerous species of perennial or annual plant, annual herbaceous flowering plants known as the goosefoots, which occur almost anywhere in the world. It is placed in the family (biology), family Amaranthaceae in the ...

'', '' Coopernookia barbata'', ''

Hibbertia obtusifolia ''Hibbertia obtusifolia'', commonly known as hoary guinea flower, is a species of flowering plant in the family Dilleniaceae and is endemic to south-eastern Australia. It is usually an erect shrub with spreading branches, lance-shaped to egg-sh ...

'', '' Lepilaena australis'', ''

Levenhookia dubia ''Levenhookia dubia'', the hairy stylewort, is a dicotyledonous plant that belongs to the genus ''Levenhookia'' (family Stylidiaceae). It is an ephemeral annual that grows from tall with obovate leaves that are generally long. Flowers are wh ...

'', ''

Myriophyllum glomeratum ''Myriophyllum'' (water milfoil) is a genus of about 69 species of freshwater aquatic plants, with a cosmopolitan distribution. The center of diversity for ''Myriophyllum'' is Australia with 43 recognized species (37 endemic). These submersed aq ...

'', '' Podotheca angustifolia'', '' Prostanthera cuneata'', ''

Punctelia subflava ''Punctelia subflava'' is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae that occurs in Australia. Taxonomy The lichen was first formally described in 1847 as ''Parmelia subflava'' by botanist Thomas Taylor. The type specimen, descr ...

'', '' Senecio macrocarpus'', '' Thesium australe'', '' Thynninorchis huntiana'' and '' Veronica notabilis''.

Victoria

Threatened species in

Victoria Victoria most commonly refers to: * Victoria (Australia), a state of the Commonwealth of Australia * Victoria, British Columbia, provincial capital of British Columbia, Canada * Victoria (mythology), Roman goddess of Victory * Victoria, Seychelle ...

are identified under the auspices of the ''

Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act (1988) The ''Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988'', also known as the ''FFG Act'', is an act of the Victorian Government designed to protect species, genetic material and habitats, to prevent extinction and allow maximum genetic diversity within the Au ...

''; the act does not specify species presumed extinct. The Victorian Department of Sustainability and Environment maintain a list of species presumed extinct in Victoria;Department of Sustainability and Environment (2005
Advisory List of Rare or Threatened Plants in Victoria - 2005
Victorian Department of Sustainability and Environment, East Melbourne, Victoria. they list 51 extinct taxa, those not listed under the

EPBC Act The ''Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999'' (Cth) is an Act of the Parliament of Australia that provides a framework for protection of the Australian environment, including its biodiversity and its natural and cultu ...

include: '' Acacia argyrophylla'', '' Acacia havilandiorum'', '' Acrotriche depressa'', '' Actinotus bellidioides'', ''

Asplenium polyodon ''Asplenium polyodon'', commonly known as sickle spleenwort, is a species of fern in the family Aspleniaceae. The distribution of ''A. polyodon'' includes parts of the countries of Australia and New Zealand. A specific locale of occurrence is in ...

'', '' Atriplex billardierei'', '' Austrostipa tuckeri'', ''Caladenia carnea'' var. ''subulata'', '' Caladenia magnifica'', '' Caladenia thysanochila'', '' Calotis pubescens'', '' Cardamine gunnii'' s.s., '' Centipeda pleiocephala'', '' Cheiranthera alternifolia'', '' Chionogentias gunniana'', '' Convolvulus microsepalus'', '' Cuscuta victoriana'', '' Cyperus vaginatus'', '' Digitaria diffusa'', '' Dodonaea heteromorpha'', ''

Epilobium willisii ''Epilobium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Onagraceae, containing about 197 species. The genus has a worldwide distribution. It is most prevalent in the subarctic, temperate and subantarctic regions, whereas in the subtropi ...

'', ''Euphrasia collina'' subsp. ''speciosa'', '' Hibbertia incana'' s.s., ''Hypolepis elegans'' subsp. ''elegans'', '' Leiocarpa tomentosa'', '' Leionema microphyllum'', '' Lemooria burkittii'', '' Leptorhynchos scaber'' s.s., '' Phyllangium sulcatum'', ''

Picris barbarorum ''Picris'' (oxtongues) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae described as a genus by Linnaeus in 1753. ''Picris'' species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species, such as the grass moth '' Diasemi ...

'', '' Podolepis arachnoidea'', '' Pomaderris obcordata'', '' Prasophyllum colemaniae'', '' Prasophyllum morganii'', ''

Prasophyllum ''Prasophyllum'', commonly known as leek orchids, is a genus of about 140 species of flowering plants in the orchid family, Orchidaceae and is found in Australia and New Zealand. The Australian species are found in all states but have not been r ...

'' sp. aff. '' odoratum'', '' Prasophyllum suttonii'' s.s., ''

Pterostylis ''Pterostylis'' is a genus of about 300 species of plants in the orchid family, Orchidaceae. Commonly called greenhood orchids, they are terrestrial, deciduous, perennial, tuberous, herbs found in Australia, New Zealand, New Guinea, New Caled ...

'' sp. aff. '' biseta'' (Lara), '' Rutidosis helichrysoides'', '' Senecio murrayanus'', '' Senna'' form taxon '' artemisioides'', ''

'', ''Stenanthemum notiale'' subsp. ''notiale'', ''Trema tomentosa'' var. ''viridis'', '' Braithwaitea sulcata''.

Western Australia

There are 14 taxa classified as "X: Declared Rare Flora - Presumed Extinct Taxa" under the Department of Environment and Conservation's

Declared Rare and Priority Flora List The Declared Rare and Priority Flora List is the system by which Western Australia's conservation flora are given a priority. Developed by the Government of Western Australia's Department of Environment and Conservation, it was used extensively wi ...

, all of which have been gazetted as presumed extinct flora in

Western Australia Western Australia (commonly abbreviated as WA) is a state of Australia occupying the western percent of the land area of Australia excluding external territories. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, the Southern Ocean to t ...

under the ''

Wildlife Conservation Act 1950 The ''Wildlife Conservation Act 1950'' is an act of the Western Australian Parliament that provides the statute relating to conservation and legal protection of flora and fauna. Text was copied from this source, which is available under Attri ...

''. This list coincides with the federal EPBC Act list, except that it includes '' Leptomeria dielsiana'', ''

Ptilotus caespitulosus ''Ptilotus'' R.Br. is a genus of approximately 120 species of annual and perennial herbs and shrubs in the family Amaranthaceae. All species are native to mainland Australia, although one species, '' Ptilotus spathulatus'' (R.Br.) Poir., also oc ...

'' and '' Taraxacum cygnorum''; and excludes '' Frankenia conferta'' (Silky Frankenia) and ''

Calothamnus accedens ''Calothamnus accedens'', commonly known as Piawaning clawflower, is a plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It was first formally described in 1984, declared extinct in 1992, rediscovered ...

''.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Extinct Flora Of Australia, List Of

Extinct flora of Australia Extinction is the termination of a kind of organism or of a group of kinds (taxon), usually a species. The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of the species, although the capacity to breed and ...

Extinct flora of Australia

Plants listed as extinct by the federal government

Plants listed as extinct by the states and territories

Australian Capital Territory

New South Wales

Northern Territory

South Australia

Queensland

Tasmania

Victoria

Western Australia

See also

References