This is a list of the

endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found else ...

fauna of Puerto Rico. This list is sorted in alphabetical order by the

scientific name In taxonomy, binomial nomenclature ("two-term naming system"), also called nomenclature ("two-name naming system") or binary nomenclature, is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, bo ...

of the species, which are in parentheses.

Birds

Elfin-woods warbler perched on a tree branch

Megascops nudipes-Mucarito-Screech Owl of Puerto Rico

* Yellow-shouldered blackbird (''Agelaius xanthomus'') * Puerto Rican parrot (''Amazona vittata'') * Green mango (''Anthracothorax viridis'') * Puerto Rican nightjar (''Caprimulgus noctitherus'') *

Puerto Rican emerald The Puerto Rican emerald (''Riccordia maugaeus''), or zumbadorcito de Puerto Rico in Spanish, is species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is endemic to Puerto Rico.Bündgen, R. and P. F. D. Boes ...

(''Chlorostilbon maugeaus'') * Puerto Rican lizard‑cuckoo (''Coccyzus vieilloti'') * Puerto Rican pewee (''Contopus portoricenis'') * Adelaide's warbler (''Dendroica adelaidae'') * Elfin-woods warbler (''Dendroica angelae'') * Puerto Rican oriole (''Icterus portoricensis'') *

Puerto Rican bullfinch The Puerto Rican bullfinch (''Melopyrrha portoricensis'') is a small bullfinch tanager endemic to the archipelago of Puerto Rico. The species can be commonly found in heavy forests throughout Puerto Rico, except on the easternmost tip of the isl ...

(''Loxigilla portoricensis'') *

Puerto Rican owl The Puerto Rican owl (''Gymnasio nudipes'') or ''múcaro común'' (Spanish via Taino), formerly known as the Puerto Rican screech owl, is a mid-sized "true owl" in the subfamily Striginae. It is endemic to the island of Puerto Rico, though it ...

(''Gymnasio nudipes'') *

Puerto Rican woodpecker The Puerto Rican woodpecker (''Melanerpes portoricensis'') is the only woodpecker endemic to the archipelago of Puerto Rico and is one of the five species of the genus ''Melanerpes'' that occur in the Antilles. Furthermore, it is the only resid ...

(''Melanerpes portoricensis'') * Puerto Rican flycatcher (''Myiarchus antillarum'') *

Puerto Rican tanager The Puerto Rican tanager (''Nesospingus speculiferus'') is a small passerine bird Endemic (ecology), endemic to the archipelago of Puerto Rico. It is the Monotypic taxon, only member of the genus ''Nesospingus'' and has historically been placed i ...

(''Nesospingus speculiferus'') * Puerto Rican spindalis (''Spindalis portoricensis'') *

Puerto Rican tody The Puerto Rican tody (''Todus mexicanus'') is a bird endemic to Puerto Rico. It is locally known in Spanish as "San Pedrito" ("little Saint Peter") and "medio peso" ("half-dollar bird"). Taxonomy Todies are the closest relative to the motmots ...

(''Todus mexicanus'') *

Puerto Rican vireo The Puerto Rican vireo (''Vireo latimeri'') is a small bird endemic to the archipelago of Puerto Rico and one of the 31 species belonging to the genus ''Vireo'' of the family Vireonidae. Its local name is ''bien-te-veo'' ("see-you-well", afte ...

(''Vireo latimeri'')

Crustaceans

*'' Alloweckelia gurneei'' *

Puerto Rican sand crab The Puerto Rican sand crab, ''Emerita portoricensis'', is a species of "sand crab" belonging to the genus '' Emerita'', which is native to the main island of Puerto Rico and its archipelago. This species has also been found on beaches off the ...

(''Emerita portoricensis'')

Insects

*'' Camponotus kaura''- was first described by Roy R. Snelling & Juan A. Torres *'' Solenopsis torrei''- was first described by Juan A. Torres

Myriapoda

*'' Cylindromus uniporus'' *'' Scolopendra alternans''

Reptiles/amphibians

* Puerto Rican racer (''Borikenophis portoricensis'') * Mona ameiva (''Ameiva alboguttata'') * Desecheo ameiva (''Ameiva desechensis'') * Puerto Rican ground lizard (''Ameiva exsul'') * Blue-tailed ground lizard (''Ameiva wetmorei'') * Baker's worm lizard (''Amphisbaena bakeri'') * Puerto Rican worm lizard (''Amphisbaena caeca'') * Schmidt's worm lizard (''Amphisbaena schmiditi'') * Puerto Rican dryland worm lizard, North American worm lizard (''Amphisbaena xera'') *Guánica pallid anole, Cook's pallid anole, Cook's anole (''Anolis cooki'') * Mona anole (''Anolis monensis'') *Dwarf anole, pygmy anole, Puerto Rican twig anole (''Anolis occultus'') * Ponce anole ('' Anolis poncensis''), which is the same as the Dryland grass anole (''Ctenonotus poncensis'') *Virgin Islands giant anole, Puerto Rican giant anole, Culebra Island giant anole (''Anolis roosevelti'') *

Puerto Rican garden snake Puerto, a Spanish word meaning ''seaport'', may refer to: Places * El Puerto de Santa María, Andalusia, Spain *Puerto, a seaport town in Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines * Puerto Colombia, Colombia * Puerto Cumarebo, Venezuela * Puerto Galera, Or ...

(''Magliophis exiguus subspadix'') *

Puerto Rican crested toad The Puerto Rican crested toad (''Peltophryne lemur''), or simply Puerto Rican toad, is a species of toad found only in Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. It is the only species of toad native to Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. The species fo ...

, ridge-headed toad, lowland Caribbean toad, Puerto Rican toad and ''sapo concho'' (''Bufo lemur'') * Mona ground iguana (''Cyclura cornuta stejnegeri'') * Puerto Rican galliwasp (''Diploglossus pleei'') * Puerto Rican cave dwelling frog (''Eleutherodactylus cooki'') *

Common coquí The common coquí or coquí (''Eleutherodactylus coqui'') is a species of frog endemic to Puerto Rico belonging to the family Eleutherodactylidae. The species is named for the loud call the males make at night. This sound serves two purposes. "C ...

(''Eleutherodactylus coqui'') * Mottled coquí (''Eleutherodactylus eneidae'') * Golden coquí (''Eleutherodactylus jasperi'') * Mona coquí (''Eleutherodactylus monensis'') * Puerto Rican boa (''Chilabothrus inornatus'') *Mona Boa (''Chilabothrus monensis'') *Virgin Island Tree Boa (''Chilabothrus granti'') *

Monito gecko The Monito gecko (''Sphaerodactylus micropithecus'') is a lizard, a species of gecko endemic to the island of Monito, in the archipelago of Puerto Rico. Habitat & distribution The Monito gecko is restricted to two locations on Monito: along ...

(''Sphaerodactylus micropithecus'') *

Mona dwarf gecko Mona may refer to: People * Mona (name), a female given name, nickname and surname * Mona (Angolan footballer) (born 1997) *Mona, ring name of American wrestler Nora Greenwald Museums *Museum of Nebraska Art, Kearney, Nebraska, US *Museum of Neo ...

(''Sphaerodactylus monensis'') * Puerto Rico upland gecko (''Sphaerodactylus klauberi'') * Desecheo dwarf gecko (''Sphaerodactylus levinsi'') *Gaige's dwarf gecko (''Sphaerodactylus gaigeae'') * Townsend's dwarf gecko (''Sphaerodactylus townsendi'') * Nichols' dwarf gecko (''Sphaerodactylus nicholsi'') *Puerto Rican dwarf gecko (''Sphaerodactylus grandisquamis'') *Vieques dwarf gecko (''Sphaerodactylus inigoi'') * Virgin Island dwarf gecko (''Sphaerodactylus macrolepis'') * Roosevelt's dwarf gecko (''Sphaerodactylus roosevelti'') * Mona blindsnake (''Typhlops monensis'') * Puerto Rican wetland blind snake (''Typhlops rostellatus'')

Spiders

This is a list of all spiders endemic to Puerto Rico, according to Platnick.Platnick, N.I. (2006)
world spider catalog
version 7.0. American Museum of Natural History *

Anyphaenidae Anyphaenidae is a family of araneomorph spiders, sometimes called anyphaenid sac spiders. They are distinguished from the sac spiders of the family Clubionidae and other spiders by having the abdominal spiracle placed one third to one half of the ...

:* '' Anyphaena decora'' :* '' Wulfila coamoanus'' :* '' Wulfila inconspicuus'' :* ''

Wulfila isolatus Ulfilas (–383), also spelled Ulphilas and Orphila, all Latinisation of names, Latinized forms of the unattested Gothic language, Gothic form *𐍅𐌿𐌻𐍆𐌹𐌻𐌰 Wulfila, literally "Little Wolf", was a Goths, Goth of Cappadocian Ancie ...

'' :* '' Wulfila macropalpus'' :* '' Wulfila tropicus'' *

Araneidae Orb-weaver spiders are members of the spider family Araneidae. They are the most common group of builders of spiral wheel-shaped webs often found in gardens, fields, and forests. The English word "orb" can mean "circular", hence the English name ...

:* '' Araneus adjuntaensis'' :* '' Lewisepeira maricao'' :* '' Metazygia silvestris'' *

Clubionidae The sac spiders of the family Clubionidae have a very confusing taxonomic history. Once, this family was a large catch-all taxon for a disparate collection of spiders, similar only in that they had eight eyes arranged in two rows and conical anter ...

:* '' Clubiona desecheonis'' :* '' Elaver portoricensis'' * Corinnidae :* ''

Abapeba guanicae ''Abapeba'' is a genus of Central and South American corinnid sac spiders first described by A. B. Bonaldo in 2000. Species it contains twenty species from Mexico and the Caribbean down to Brazil: *'' Abapeba abalosi'' ( Mello-Leitão, 1942 ...

'' :* '' Abapeba wheeleri'' :* '' Corinna javuyae'' :* '' Phrurolithus insularis'' :* '' Phrurolithus portoricensis'' :* ''

Trachelas borinquensis ''Trachelas'' is a genus of araneomorph spiders originally placed with the Trachelidae, and later moved to the Corinnidae. Though the name was first used in an identification key published by Ludwig Carl Christian Koch in 1866, it did not inclu ...

'' * Ctenidae :* '' Celaetycheus modestus'' :* '' Celaetycheus strenuus'' :* '' Oligoctenus ottleyi'' :* '' Trujillina isolata'' *

Dipluridae The family Dipluridae, known as curtain-web spiders (or confusingly with other distantly related ones as funnel-web tarantulas) are a group of spiders in the infraorder Mygalomorphae, that have two pairs of booklungs, and chelicerae (fangs) that ...

:* '' Masteria petrunkevitchi'' * Gnaphosidae :* '' Camillina desecheonis'' :* '' Neozimiris nuda'' *

Hahniidae Dwarf sheet spiders (Hahniidae) is a family of araneomorph spiders, first described by Philipp Bertkau in 1878. Their bodies are about long, and they build extremely delicate webs in the form of a sheet. Unlike many spiders the web does not lea ...

:* '' Hahnia naguaboi'' *

Ixodidae The Ixodidae are the family of hard ticks or scale ticks, one of the three families of ticks, consisting of over 700 species. They are known as 'hard ticks' because they have a scutum or hard shield, which the other major family of ticks, the 'sof ...

(ticks) :* '' Amblyomma arianae'' * Linyphiidae :* '' Lepthyphantes microserratus'' * Lycosidae :* ''

Agalenocosa yaucensis ''Agalenocosa'' is a genus of spiders in the family Lycosidae. It was first described in 1944 by Mello-Leitão. , it contains 18 species with a wide distribution. Species ''Agalenocosa'' comprises the following species: *'' Agalenocosa bryanta ...

'' * Mimetidae :* '' Mimetus portoricensis'' * Oonopidae :* '' Oonops delegenus'' :* '' Oonops ebenecus'' :* '' Oonops viridans'' :* '' Stenoonops econotus'' :* '' Stenoonops phonetus'' :* '' Stenoonops portoricensis'' * Pholcidae :* '' Modisimus cavaticus'' :* '' Modisimus coeruleolineatus'' :* '' Modisimus montanus'' :* '' Modisimus montanus dentatus'' :* '' Modisimus sexoculatus'' :* '' Modisimus signatus'' * Salticidae :* '' Agobardus blandus'' :* '' Corythalia gloriae'' :* '' Corythalia tristriata'' :* '' Emathis luteopunctata'' :* '' Emathis minuta'' :* '' Emathis portoricensis'' :* '' Emathis tetuani'' :* '' Eris illustris'' :* '' Habronattus ensenadae'' :* '' Habronattus facetus'' :* '' Hentzia squamata'' :* '' Jollas minutus'' :* '' Neonella mayaguez'' :* '' Sidusa mona'' :* '' Siloca monae'' *

Scytodidae Spitting spiders (Scytodidae) is a family of araneomorph spiders first described by John Blackwall in 1864. It contains over 250 species in five genera, of which '' Scytodes'' is the best-known. Description Like recluse spiders and coneweb sp ...

:* '' Scytodes dissimulans'' * Sparassidae :* '' Olios bicolor'' :* '' Olios darlingtoni'' :* '' Pseudosparianthis jayuyae'' :* '' Stasina portoricensis'' * Tetragnathidae :* '' Chrysometa hamata'' :* '' Chrysometa jayuyensis'' :* '' Chrysometa yunque'' :* '' Glenognatha gloriae'' :* '' Tetragnatha bryantae'' *

Theraphosidae Tarantulas comprise a group of large and often hairy spiders of the family Theraphosidae. , 1,040 species have been identified, with 156 genera. The term "tarantula" is usually used to describe members of the family Theraphosidae, although m ...

:* '' Avicularia laeta'' :* ''

Cyrtopholis culebrae ''Cyrtopholis'' is a genus of tarantulas that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1892. Diagnosis This genus can be distinguished by being found in the Caribbean, and by the presence of claviform stridulatory hairs on the trochanter ...

'' :* ''

Cyrtopholis portoricae ''Cyrtopholis'' is a genus of tarantulas that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1892. Diagnosis This genus can be distinguished by being found in the Caribbean, and by the presence of claviform stridulatory hairs on the trochanter ...

'' :* ''

Holothele culebrae ''Holothele'' is a genus of tarantulas that was first described by Ferdinand Anton Franz Karsch in 1879. Originally placed with the curtain-web spiders, it was transferred to the tarantulas in 1980. Diagnosis They can be distinguished by the ...

'' *

Theridiidae Theridiidae, also known as the tangle-web spiders, cobweb spiders and comb-footed spiders, is a large family of araneomorph spiders first described by Carl Jakob Sundevall in 1833. This diverse, globally distributed family includes over 3,000 sp ...

:* '' Dipoena puertoricensis'' :* '' Styposis lutea'' :* '' Theridion ricense'' *

Theridiosomatidae The ray spiders (Theridiosomatidae) are a family of spiders first described by Eugène Simon in 1881. They are most recognizable for their construction of cone-shaped webs. The family contains several genera which actively hunt for prey by using ...

:* '' Baalzebub albonotatus'' :* '' Ogulnius gloriae'' *

Thomisidae The Thomisidae are a family of spiders, including about 170 genera and over 2,100 species. The common name crab spider is often linked to species in this family, but is also applied loosely to many other families of spiders. Many members of th ...

:* '' Misumenops bubulcus'' :* '' Rejanellus mutchleri'' :* '' Tmarus vertumus'' * Uloboridae :* '' Miagrammopes animotus''

Extinct animals

*Greater Puerto Rican ground sloth ('' Acratocnus major'') - The greater Puerto Rican ground sloth became

extinct Extinction is the termination of a kind of organism or of a group of kinds (taxon), usually a species. The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of the species, although the capacity to breed and ...

approximately 3000–4000 years ago. *Lesser Puerto Rican ground sloth (''Acratocnus odontrigonus'') - The lesser Puerto Rican ground sloth became extinct approximately 3000–4000 years ago. *Puerto Rican caracara ('' Caracara latebrosus'') *Puerto Rican plate-tooth ('' Elasmodontomys obliquus'') - The Puerto Rican plate-tooth, Giant hutia or Puerto Rican paca became extinct approximately in the early 16th century. *Greater Puerto Rican agouti ('' Heteropsomys antillensis'') *Lesser Puerto Rican agouti (''Heteropsomys insulans'') *Puerto Rican nesophontes ('' Nesophontes edithae'') - The Puerto Rican nesophontes became extinct approximately in the early 16th century. *Corozal rat ('' Puertoricomys corozalus'') *Puerto Rican parakeet, Mauge's parakeet (''Psittacara chloroptera maugei'' syn. '' Psittacara maugei'') *Puerto Rican barn owl ('' Tyto cavatica'')

Footnotes

References

Sociedad Ornitológica Puertorriqueña

Integrated Taxonomic Information System
* {{DEFAULTSORT:Endemic fauna List Puerto Rico Endemic fauna