This is a list of countries by
research and development
Research and development (R&D or R+D), known in Europe as research and technological development (RTD), is the set of innovative activities undertaken by corporations or governments in developing new services or products, and improving existi ...
(R&D) spending in
real terms
In economics, nominal value is measured in terms of money, whereas real value is measured against goods or services. A real value is one which has been adjusted for inflation, enabling comparison of quantities as if the prices of goods had not c ...
and as per latest data available. Gross domestic spending on R&D is defined as the total expenditure (current and capital) on R&D carried out by all resident companies, research institutes, university and government laboratories, etc., in a country. It includes R&D funded from abroad, but excludes domestic funds for R&D performed outside the domestic economy.
List
Only those nations which annually spend more than 50 million dollars have been included. The world's total
nominal
Nominal may refer to:
Linguistics and grammar
* Nominal (linguistics), one of the parts of speech
* Nominal, the adjectival form of "noun", as in "nominal agreement" (= "noun agreement")
* Nominal sentence, a sentence without a finite verb
* Nou ...
R&D spending was approximately one trillion dollars in 2010.
See also
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Business R&D intensity by country
This is a list of countries by business research and development intensity as a percentage of value added in the industry, published by the OECD in 2013.
2013 OECD rankings
* indicates "Science and technology in COUNTRY or TERRITORY" links.
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List of companies by research and development spending
The following list sorts companies
A company, abbreviated as co., is a legal entity representing an association of people, whether natural, legal or a mixture of both, with a specific objective. Company members share a common purpose and un ...
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List of U.S. states by research and development spending
This is a list of U.S. states and the District of Columbia by research and development (R&D) spending in 2016 adjusted USD.
List
States by R&D spending, spending per capita and federal government spending as percentage of total R&D spending.
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Science of science policy
Science of science policy (SoSP) is an emerging interdisciplinary research area that seeks to develop theoretical and empirical models of the scientific enterprise. This scientific basis can be used to help government, and society in general, mak ...
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Science policy
Science policy is concerned with the allocation of resources for the conduct of science towards the goal of best serving the public interest. Topics include the funding of science, the careers of scientists, and the translation of scientific disc ...
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Countries By Research And Development Spending
Research And Development Spending
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