The London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) was created under the terms of the Railways Act 1921. The first schedule to that Act listed four groups, and for each, a number of "Constituent Companies" were listed, as were a number of subsidiary companies. The constituent companies would amalgamate to create a new railway company, and the subsidiary companies would be absorbed either by one of the constituent companies prior to the amalgamation, or by the new railway company after amalgamation. The group that was to become the LMS was described in the Act as "the North Western, Midland and West Scottish Group".

Constituent companies

The following made up the London, Midland and Scottish Railway as a result of the Railways Act 1921: *

Caledonian Railway The Caledonian Railway (CR) was a major Scottish railway company. It was formed in the early 19th century with the objective of forming a link between English railways and Glasgow. It progressively extended its network and reached Edinburgh an ...

(CalR) route miles (1,794 km) *

Furness Railway The Furness Railway (Furness) was a railway company operating in the Furness area of Lancashire in North West England. History Formation In the early 1840s, the owners of iron ore mines in the Furness district of Lancashire became interested i ...

(Furness) 158 miles (254 km) * Glasgow and South Western Railway miles (794 km) *

Highland Railway The Highland Railway (HR) was one of the smaller British railways before the Railways Act 1921, operating north of Perth railway station in Scotland and serving the farthest north of Britain. Based in Inverness, the company was formed by merger ...

(HR) 506 miles (814 km) *London and North Western Railway (LNWR) – with which the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway (L&YR) had been amalgamated on 1 January 1922. Total route mileage (1923) was miles (4,293 km) *Midland Railway (MidR) miles (3,473 km) *North Staffordshire Railway (NSR) miles (355 km)

Subsidiary companies

Independently operated lines * Cleator and Workington Junction Railway miles (49 km) (partially worked by the Furness Railway) * Knott End Railway miles (19 km) * Maryport and Carlisle Railway miles (68.8 km) * North London Railway 16 miles (26 km) (managed by the LNWR) * Stratford-upon-Avon and Midland Junction Railway miles (109 km) * Wirral Railway miles (22 km) Independent lines for which rolling stock was provided by other companies *Cockermouth, Keswick and Penrith Railway miles (49 km) Non-working companies * Originally leased to or worked by LNWR ** Charnwood Forest Railway miles (17 km) ** Dearne Valley Railway 21 miles (34 km) ** Harborne Branch Line, Harborne Railway miles (4 km) ** Mold and Denbigh Junction Railway 15 miles (24 km) ** Shropshire Union Railways and Canal Company miles (47 km) [part of this system was jointly leased with the Great Western Railway (GWR)] * Originally leased to or worked by MidR ** Tottenham and Forest Gate Railway 6 miles (10 km) ** Yorkshire Dales Railway 9 miles (14 km) * Originally leased to or worked by CalR ** Arbroath and Forfar Railway miles (24 km) ** Brechin and Edzell District Railway miles (10 km) ** Callander and Oban Railway miles (161 km) ** Dundee and Newtyle Railway miles (23 km) ** Killin Railway miles (8 km) ** Lanarkshire and Ayrshire Railway miles (58 km) ** Solway Junction Railway miles (20 km) * Originally leased to or worked by HR ** Dornoch Light Railway miles (12 km) ** Wick and Lybster Light Railway miles (22 km) * Originally leased to or worked by NSR **Leek and Manifold Valley Light Railway (narrow gauge) miles (13 km) * Originally leased to or worked by several component companies ** North & South Western Junction Railway miles (8 km) ** Portpatrick and Wigtownshire Joint Railway miles (132 km)

Joint railways

After 1923 amalgamations comprised wholly in the LMS

* Carlisle Citadel railway station, Carlisle Citadel Station and Goods Traffic Joint Committees (originally joint owned by various companies) * were LNW/MidR joint: ** Ashby and Nuneaton Railway miles (47 km) ** Enderby Railway miles (4 km) * were LNW/L&YR joint: ** Lancashire Union Railway miles (21 km) ** North Union Railway miles (10 km) ** Preston and Longridge Railway 8 miles (13 km) ** Preston and Wyre Joint Railway 46 miles (74 km) * was Furness/MidR joint ** Furness and Midland Joint Railway miles (16 km) * was Furness/LNWR joint ** Whitehaven Cleator and Egremont Railway 35 miles (56 km) * were Cal/GSW joint ** Glasgow, Barrhead and Kilmarnock Joint Railway miles (48 km) ** Glasgow and Paisley Joint Railway miles (23 km)

After 1923 amalgamations joint with London & North Eastern Railway

* Axholme Joint Railway miles (45 km) * Cheshire Lines Committee ( share) 142 miles (229 km) * City Union Line, City of Glasgow Union Railway * Caledonian and Dunbartonshire Junction Railway, Dumbarton & Balloch (including Loch Lomond steamers) 7 miles (11 km) * Dundee and Arbroath Railway (including Carmyllie Light Railway) 23 miles (37 km) * Great Central and Midland Joint Railway miles (65 km) * Great Central, Hull & Barnsley and Midland Joint Railway ( share) 4 miles (6 km) * Macclesfield, Bollington and Marple Railway, Great Central and North Staffordshire Joint Railway 11 miles (18 km) * Great Northern and London and North Western Joint Railway 45 miles (72 km) * Halifax and Ovenden Railway miles (4 km) * Halifax High Level 3 miles (5 km) * Manchester South Junction and Altrincham Railway (a "joint working arrangement") miles (15 km) * Methley Joint Line 6 miles (10 km) * Midland and Great Northern Joint Railway miles (295 km) * Norfolk and Suffolk Joint Railway (was GER/MidR/GNR joint) miles (36 km) * Oldham, Ashton and Guide Bridge Railway miles (10 km) * Otley and Ilkley Joint Railway miles (10 km) * Perth General Station Committee ( share) * Prince's Dock, Glasgow miles (2 km) * South Yorkshire Joint Railway ( share) miles (33 km) * Swinton and Knottingley Joint Railway miles (31 km) * Tottenham and Hampstead Junction Railway miles (8 km)

After 1923 amalgamations joint with GWR

* Birkenhead Railway miles (91 km) * Brecon and Merthyr Railway & London and North Western Joint Railway 6 miles (10 km) * Brynmawr and Western Valleys Railway miles (2 km) * Clee Hill Junction, Clee Hill Railway 6 miles (10 km) * Clifton Extension Railway 9 miles (14 km) * Halesowen Railway, Halesowen Joint Railway 6 miles (10 km) * Nantybwch and Rhymney Railway 3 miles (5 km) * Severn and Wye Railway 39 miles (63 km) * Shrewsbury and Hereford Railway miles (133 km) * Tenbury Railway 5 miles (8 km) * Vale of Towy Railway (owned by GWR but leased jointly) 11 miles (18 km) * West London Railway miles (4 km) * Wrexham and Minera Railway 3 miles (5 km)

After 1923 amalgamations joint with Southern Railway (UK), Southern Railway

* Somerset and Dorset Joint Railway 105 miles (169 km)

After 1923 amalgamations joint with District Railway

* Whitechapel & Bow Railway 2 miles (3 km)

Irish lines

The Railways Act 1921 did not extend to Ireland, but Irish lines owned by constituent companies became part of the LMS: * Dundalk, Newry and Greenore Railway (DNGR) (owned by the LNWR) – operated from 1933 by the GNR(I) * Northern Counties Committee lines (NCC) (owned by the Midland Railway) ** The NCC and Great Northern Railway (Ireland), Great Northern Railway of Ireland (GNR(I)) operated the County Donegal Railways Joint Committee lines jointly, and these became joint lines of the LMS and GNR(I) after grouping.

Shipping companies

*Caledonian Steam Packet Company

Shareholdings

* Great Western Railway (minority shareholding) * London and North Eastern Railway * London Electric Railway until 30 June 1933 * London Passenger Transport Board from 1 July 1933 * Great Northern Railway (Ireland) (minority shareholding) * Great Southern Railways (minority shareholding)

References

{{Big Four pre-nationalisation British railway companies Pre-grouping British railway companies Big four British railway companies London, Midland and Scottish Railway constituents, London, Midland and Scottish Railway British railway-related lists, Constituents of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway