United States v. Manning ''United States v. Manning'' was the Courts-martial of the United States, court-martial of former United States Army Private First Class Bradley E. Manning,Jennifer Rizzo"Bradley Manning charged" CNN, February 23, 2012. known now as Chelsea Mann ...

'' is the

court-martial A court-martial or court martial (plural ''courts-martial'' or ''courts martial'', as "martial" is a postpositive adjective) is a military court or a trial conducted in such a court. A court-martial is empowered to determine the guilt of memb ...

case involving United States Army

Private First Class Private first class (french: Soldat de 1 classe; es, Soldado de primera) is a military rank held by junior enlisted personnel in a number of armed forces. French speaking countries In France and other French speaking countries, the rank (; ) ...

Bradley Manning (now known as Chelsea Manning), who delivered U.S. government documents to persons not authorized to receive them in 2009 and 2010. Media reports said that the receiver was

Julian Assange Julian Paul Assange ( ; Hawkins; born 3 July 1971) is an Australian editor, publisher, and activist who founded WikiLeaks in 2006. WikiLeaks came to international attention in 2010 when it published a series of leaks provided by U.S. Army inte ...

of WikiLeaks. Manning was arrested in May 2010 and a court-martial was held in June–August 2013. The charges were related to events which occurred "at or near" Contingency Operating Station Hammer, Iraq, in 2009 and 2010.

Charges

By code violation

The charges were: *

UCMJ The Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ, 10 U.S.C. §§ 801–946 is the foundation of military law in the United States. It was established by the United States Congress in accordance with the authority given by the United States Constitution ...

104 (Aiding the enemy): 1 count * UCMJ 92 (Failure to obey a lawful order or regulation): 9 counts. Mostly related to computers ** Army Regulation 25-2, para. 4-5(a)(3): Modifying or installing unauthorized software to a system, using it for 'unintended' purposes ** Army Regulation 25-2, para. 4-5(a)(4): Circumventing security mechanisms ** Army Regulation 25-2, para. 4-6(k): Forbids transferring classified or sensitive information to non-secure systems ** Army Regulation 380-5: Improper storage of classified information * UCMJ 134 (

General article A general article, in military law (sometimes called "the Devil's Article") is a legal provision that authorizes punishment of military personnel on grounds that are less specific as to the particulars of the offense and as to the punishment, com ...

): 24 counts. These counts incorporate statutes from the

United States Code In the law of the United States, the Code of Laws of the United States of America (variously abbreviated to Code of Laws of the United States, United States Code, U.S. Code, U.S.C., or USC) is the official compilation and codification of the ...

: ** : Embezzlement and Theft of Public Money, Property or Records. The government said the records that Manning transferred were 'things of value'. ** : This is part of the Espionage Act. The law forbids 'unauthorized persons' from taking 'national defense' information and either 'retaining' it or delivering it to 'persons not entitled to receive it'. ** 1 and 2: These are from the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act of 1986. Section 1030(a)(1) is sometimes called the 'Computer Espionage' law as it borrows from the Espionage Act. Total: 34

Listed by document

Most of the charges are related to the transfer of documents to another party. These documents are: * The 2007 July 12 Baghdad airstrike video * various groups of US

State Department The United States Department of State (DOS), or State Department, is an United States federal executive departments, executive department of the Federal government of the United States, U.S. federal government responsible for the country's fore ...

cables, unclassified and classified * The "Reykjavik 13" US State Department cable * Records from the CIDNEI database * Records from the CIDNEA database * A Microsoft PowerPoint presentation * Records from a

US Southern Command The United States Southern Command (USSOUTHCOM), located in Doral, Florida in Greater Miami, is one of the eleven unified combatant commands in the United States Department of Defense. It is responsible for providing contingency planning, op ...

database * Files "BE22 PAX.zip" and "BE22 PAX.wmv" * United States Forces – Iraq email address list * a record from United States Army Intelligence and Security Command * A memorandum from an intelligence agency According to news reports, many of the documents are the same as documents published by WikiLeaks, including: * The July 12, 2007, Baghdad airstrike ("Collateral Murder") video * United States diplomatic cables leak * Th
Reykjavic 13
cable *

Iraq War documents leak The Iraq War documents leak is the disclosure to WikiLeaks of 391,832 United States Army field reports, also called the Iraq War Logs, of the Iraq War from 2004 to 2009 and published on the Internet on 2010. The files record 66,081 civilian deat ...

(CIDNEI) * Afghan War documents leak (CIDNEA) *

Granai airstrike The Granai airstrike, sometimes called the Granai massacre, refers to the killing of approximately 86 to 147 Afghan civilians by an airstrike by a US Air Force B-1 Bomber on May 4, 2009, in the village of Granai (, also Romanized ''Garani'', ''G ...

video (BE22 PAX) (alleged by Wired and

Marcy Wheeler Marcy Wheeler (known on Twitter by the handle "emptywheel") is an American independent journalist specializing in national security and civil liberties. Wheeler publishes on her own site, ''Emptywheel'', established in July 2011. She has reported ...

)

Listed in the order given on the charge sheets

First set of charges (2010)

The first set of charges came on July 5, 2010. The Specifications (Spec.) are listed below in the same order as given on the charge sheets. To the right of each specification is a description of the related documents or actions.

= Charge 1: Violation of UCMJ Article 92 (Failure to obey a lawful order or regulation)

= * Spec. 1: Army Reg. 25-2, para. 4-6(k): The 2007 July 12 Baghdad video * Spec. 2: Army Reg. 25-2, para. 4-6(k): 50 classified US Dept of State cables * Spec. 3: Army Reg. 25-2, para. 4-6(k): A classified Microsoft Office PowerPoint presentation * Spec. 4: Army Reg. 25-2, para. 4-5(a)(3): Adding unauthorized software to SIPRNet

= Charge 2: Violation of UCMJ Article 134 (General article)

= * Spec. 1: : The 2007 July 12 Baghdad video * Spec. 2: : The 2007 July 12 Baghdad video * Spec. 3: : The classified US State Dept Cable named "Reykjavik 13" * Spec. 4: : 50 classified US State Dept cables * Spec. 5: : The 2007 July 12 Baghdad video * Spec. 6: : The classified US State Dept Cable named "Reykjavik 13" * Spec. 7: : 150,000 diplomatic cables * Spec. 8: : A classified Microsoft Office PowerPoint presentation

Second set of charges (2011)

A second set of charges was presented on March 1, 2011, and are as follows:

= Additional Charge 1: Violation of UCMJ Article 104 (Aiding the enemy)

= * Spec. 1: Knowingly giving intelligence to the enemy through indirect means

= Additional Charge 2: Violation of UCMJ Article 134 (General article)

= * Spec. 1: (statute not given): Causing intelligence to be published, knowing that it is accessible to the enemy * Spec. 2: : A file named "12 JUL 07 CZ ENGAGEMENT ZONE 30 GC Anyone.avi" * Spec. 3: : Memorandi from a US intelligence agency * Spec. 4: : 380,000 records from the CIDNEI database * Spec. 5: : >20 records from the CIDNEI database * Spec. 6: : >90,000 records from the CIDNEA database * Spec. 7: : >20 records from the CIDNEA database * Spec. 8: : >700 records from a US Southern Command database * Spec. 9: : >3 records from a US Southern Command database * Spec. 10: : >5 records relating to an operation in Farah Province, Afghanistan * Spec. 11: : The files "BE22 PAX.zip" and "BE22 PAX.wmv" * Spec. 12: : 250,000 records from the State Dept Net-Centric Diplomacy database * Spec. 13: : >75 US State Dept cables * Spec. 14: : The State Dept cable named "Reykjavik-13" * Spec. 15: : A record of a US Army Intelligence organization * Spec. 16: : The US Forces – Iraq Microsoft Outlook / SharePoint Exchange Server global address list

= Additional Charge 3: Violation of UCMJ Article 92 (Failure to obey a lawful order or regulation)

= * Spec. 1: Army Reg. 25-2, para. 4-5(a)(4): Bypassing security mechanisms * Spec. 2: Army Reg. 25-2, para. 4-5(a)(3): Adding unauthorized software to a SIPRNet computer * Spec. 3: Army Reg. 25-2, para. 4-5(a)(3): Adding unauthorized software to a SIPRNet computer * Spec. 4: Army Reg. 25-2, para. 4-5(a)(3): Using an information system for other than its intended purpose * Spec. 5: Army Reg. 380-5, para. 7-4: Wrongfully storing classified information

References

External links

Army Wikileaker Manning Faces Possible Death Penalty With New Charges
Jason Mick – March 3, 2011, dailytech.com
Bradley Manning/Wikileaks Timeline
Fire Dog Lake.com {{DEFAULTSORT:Manning, Bradley, United States v. 21st century-related lists Iraq War-related lists Iraq War and the media Legal cases involving WikiLeaks United States military law War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)-related lists War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) and the media