Cartography Cartography (; from grc, χάρτης , "papyrus, sheet of paper, map"; and , "write") is the study and practice of making and using maps. Combining science, aesthetics and technique, cartography builds on the premise that reality (or an i ...

is the study of map making and cartographers are map makers.

Before 1400

Anaximander Anaximander (; grc-gre, Ἀναξίμανδρος ''Anaximandros''; ) was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher who lived in Miletus,"Anaximander" in ''Chambers's Encyclopædia''. London: George Newnes, 1961, Vol. 1, p. 403. a city of Ionia (in mo ...

, Greek

Anatolia Anatolia, tr, Anadolu Yarımadası), and the Anatolian plateau, also known as Asia Minor, is a large peninsula in Western Asia and the westernmost protrusion of the Asian continent. It constitutes the major part of modern-day Turkey. The re ...

(610 BC–546 BC), first to attempt making a map of the known world *

Hecataeus of Miletus Hecataeus of Miletus (; el, Ἑκαταῖος ὁ Μιλήσιος; c. 550 BC – c. 476 BC), son of Hegesander, was an early Greek historian and geographer. Biography Hailing from a very wealthy family, he lived in Miletus, then under ...

, Greek

(550 BC–476 BC), geographer, cartographer, and early

ethnographer Ethnography (from Greek ''ethnos'' "folk, people, nation" and ''grapho'' "I write") is a branch of anthropology and the systematic study of individual cultures. Ethnography explores cultural phenomena from the point of view of the subject o ...

Dicaearchus Dicaearchus of Messana (; grc-gre, Δικαίαρχος ''Dikaiarkhos''; ), also written Dikaiarchos (), was a Greek philosopher, geographer and author. Dicaearchus was a student of Aristotle in the Lyceum. Very little of his work remains exta ...

, Greece (c. 350 BC–285 BC), philosopher, cartographer, geographer, mathematician, author * Ende, Spain (c. 1000 AD), illustrator, cartographer, nun *

Eratosthenes Eratosthenes of Cyrene (; grc-gre, Ἐρατοσθένης ; – ) was a Greek polymath: a mathematician, geographer, poet, astronomer, and music theorist. He was a man of learning, becoming the chief librarian at the Library of Alexandr ...

, Ptolemaic Egypt (276 BC–194 BC), Greek scientist, mathematician, geographer, and cartographer *

Gyōki was a Japanese Buddhist priest of the Nara period, born in Ōtori county, Kawachi Province (now Sakai, Osaka), the son of Koshi no Saichi. According to one theory, one of his ancestors was of Korean descent. Gyōki became a monk at Asuka-dera, ...

, Japan (668–749) Buddhist monk, cartographer, surveyor, and civil engineer, *

Hipparchus Hipparchus (; el, Ἵππαρχος, ''Hipparkhos''; BC) was a Greek astronomer, geographer, and mathematician. He is considered the founder of trigonometry, but is most famous for his incidental discovery of the precession of the e ...

, Greece (190 BC–120 BC), astronomer, cartographer, geographer *

Liu An Liú Ān (, c. 179–122 BC) was a Han dynasty Chinese prince, ruling the Huainan Kingdom, and an advisor to his nephew, Emperor Wu of Han (武帝). He is best known for editing the (139 BC) '' Huainanzi'' compendium of Daoist, Confucianist, a ...

, China (179 BC–122 BC), geographer, cartographer, author of the ''

Huainanzi The ''Huainanzi'' is an ancient Chinese text that consists of a collection of essays that resulted from a series of scholarly debates held at the court of Liu An, Prince of Huainan, sometime before 139. The ''Huainanzi'' blends Daoist, Confuci ...

'' *

Marinus of Tyre Marinus of Tyre ( grc-gre, Μαρῖνος ὁ Τύριος, ''Marînos ho Týrios''; 70–130) was a Greek geographer, cartographer and mathematician, who founded mathematical geography and provided the underpinnings of Claudius Ptolemy' ...

Roman Syria Roman Syria was an early Roman province annexed to the Roman Republic in 64 BC by Pompey in the Third Mithridatic War following the defeat of King of Armenia Tigranes the Great. Following the partition of the Herodian Kingdom of Judea into te ...

(c. AD 70–130), Greek geographer,

cartographer Cartography (; from grc, χάρτης , "papyrus, sheet of paper, map"; and , "write") is the study and practice of making and using maps. Combining science, aesthetics and technique, cartography builds on the premise that reality (or an ...

and

mathematician A mathematician is someone who uses an extensive knowledge of mathematics in their work, typically to solve mathematical problems. Mathematicians are concerned with numbers, data, quantity, structure, space, models, and change. History On ...

, who founded mathematical geography *

Ptolemy Claudius Ptolemy (; grc-gre, Πτολεμαῖος, ; la, Claudius Ptolemaeus; AD) was a mathematician, astronomer, astrologer, geographer, and music theorist, who wrote about a dozen scientific treatises, three of which were of importanc ...

, Ptolemaic Egypt (c. 85–165), Greek astronomer, cartographer, and geographer *

Pei Xiu Pei Xiu (224–271), courtesy name Jiyan, was a Chinese cartographer, geographer, politician, and writer of the state of Cao Wei during the late Three Kingdoms period and Jin dynasty of China. He was very much trusted by Sima Zhao, and ...

(224–271), Chinese geographer and cartographer *

Isidore of Seville Isidore of Seville ( la, Isidorus Hispalensis; c. 560 – 4 April 636) was a Spanish scholar, theologian, and archbishop of Seville. He is widely regarded, in the words of 19th-century historian Montalembert, as "the last scholar of ...

Hispania Hispania ( la, Hispānia , ; nearly identically pronounced in Spanish, Portuguese, Catalan, and Italian) was the Roman name for the Iberian Peninsula and its provinces. Under the Roman Republic, Hispania was divided into two provinces: Hi ...

(560–636) *

al-Khwārazmī Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī ( ar, محمد بن موسى الخوارزمي, Muḥammad ibn Musā al-Khwārazmi; ), or al-Khwarizmi, was a Persian polymath from Khwarazm, who produced vastly influential works in mathematics, astronom ...

Caliphate A caliphate or khilāfah ( ar, خِلَافَة, ) is an institution or public office under the leadership of an Islamic steward with the title of caliph (; ar, خَلِيفَة , ), a person considered a political-religious successor to th ...

(9th century), Persian cartographer, geographer, and polymath. * Su Song, China (1020–1101), horologist and engineer; as a

Song dynasty The Song dynasty (; ; 960–1279) was an imperial dynasty of China that began in 960 and lasted until 1279. The dynasty was founded by Emperor Taizu of Song following his usurpation of the throne of the Later Zhou. The Song conquered the res ...

diplomat, he used his knowledge of cartography and map-making to solve territorial border disputes with the rival

Liao dynasty The Liao dynasty (; Khitan: ''Mos Jælud''; ), also known as the Khitan Empire (Khitan: ''Mos diau-d kitai huldʒi gur''), officially the Great Liao (), was an imperial dynasty of China that existed between 916 and 1125, ruled by the Yelü ...

Shen Kuo Shen Kuo (; 1031–1095) or Shen Gua, courtesy name Cunzhong (存中) and pseudonym Mengqi (now usually given as Mengxi) Weng (夢溪翁),Yao (2003), 544. was a Chinese polymathic scientist and statesman of the Song dynasty (960–1279). Shen wa ...

, China (1031–1095),

polymath A polymath ( el, πολυμαθής, , "having learned much"; la, homo universalis, "universal human") is an individual whose knowledge spans a substantial number of subjects, known to draw on complex bodies of knowledge to solve specific pro ...

scientist and statesman, author of the ''

Dream Pool Essays ''The Dream Pool Essays'' (or ''Dream Torrent Essays'') was an extensive book written by the Chinese polymath and statesman Shen Kuo (1031–1095), published in 1088 during the Song dynasty (960–1279) of China. Shen compiled this encycloped ...

'', which included a large

atlas An atlas is a collection of maps; it is typically a bundle of maps of Earth or of a region of Earth. Atlases have traditionally been bound into book form, but today many atlases are in multimedia formats. In addition to presenting geogra ...

of China and foreign regions, and also made a

three-dimensional Three-dimensional space (also: 3D space, 3-space or, rarely, tri-dimensional space) is a geometric setting in which three values (called '' parameters'') are required to determine the position of an element (i.e., point). This is the inform ...

raised-relief map * al-Idrisi, Sicily (1100–1166), Arab cartographer, geographer and traveller *

Maximus Planudes Maximus Planudes ( grc-gre, Μάξιμος Πλανούδης, ''Máximos Planoúdēs''; ) was a Byzantine Greek monk, scholar, anthologist, translator, mathematician, grammarian and theologian at Constantinople. Through his translations from L ...

, Byzantine Empire (13th century), a monk credited with restoring the texts and maps of Ptolemy *

Petrus Vesconte Pietro Vesconte (fl. 1310–1330) was a Genoese cartographer and geographer. A pioneer of the field of the portolan chart, he influenced Italian and Catalan mapmaking throughout the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. He appears to have been the ...

, Genoese cartographer, author of the oldest signed

Portolan chart Portolan charts are nautical charts, first made in the 13th century in the Mediterranean basin and later expanded to include other regions. The word ''portolan'' comes from the Italian ''portulano'', meaning "related to ports or harbors", and wh ...

(1311) *

Angelino Dulcert Angelino Dulcert (fl. 1339), probably the same person known as Angelino de Dalorto (fl. 1320s), and whose real name was probably Angelino de Dulceto or Dulceti or possibly Angelí Dolcet, was an Italian-Majorcan cartographer. He is responsible for ...

(14th century), author of the earliest known

Majorca Mallorca, or Majorca, is the largest island in the Balearic Islands, which are part of Spain and located in the Mediterranean. The capital of the island, Palma, is also the capital of the autonomous community of the Balearic Islands. The Bale ...

n portolan charts of the Mediterranean

15th century

Jacobus Angelus Giacomo or Jacopo d'Angelo ( 1360–1411), better known by his Latin name Jacobus Angelus, was an Italian classical scholar, humanist, and translator of ancient Greek texts during the Renaissance. Named for the village of Scarperia in the Mugell ...

Florence Florence ( ; it, Firenze ) is a city in Central Italy and the capital city of the Tuscany region. It is the most populated city in Tuscany, with 383,083 inhabitants in 2016, and over 1,520,000 in its metropolitan area.Bilancio demografico ...

, translated Ptolemy into Latin *

Martin Behaim Martin Behaim (6 October 1459 – 29 July 1507), also known as and by various forms of , was a German textile merchant and cartographer. He served John II of Portugal as an adviser in matters of navigation and participated in a voyage to W ...

(Germany, 1436–1507) *

Benedetto Bordone Benedetto Bordone (1460–1531) was a Venetian manuscript editor, miniaturist and cartographer. He was born in Padua, then part of the Republic of Venice. His most famous work is the ''Isolario'' (''The Book of Islands'', "where we discuss abou ...

(Venetian Republic (1460–1551) * Sebastian Cabot (1476–1557),

Venetian Venetian often means from or related to: * Venice, a city in Italy * Veneto, a region of Italy * Republic of Venice (697–1797), a historical nation in that area Venetian and the like may also refer to: * Venetian language, a Romance language s ...

explorer *

Erhard Etzlaub Erhard Etzlaub ( 1455 1465 – 1532) was a German astronomer, geodesist, cartographer, instrument maker and physician. Life Little is known of Etzlaub's life. One "Erhart Etzlauber" became a citizen of Nuremberg in 1484, but his profession was n ...

(1460–1532) *

Leonardo da Vinci Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci (15 April 14522 May 1519) was an Italian polymath of the High Renaissance who was active as a painter, draughtsman, engineer, scientist, theorist, sculptor, and architect. While his fame initially rested on ...

(Italy, 1452–1519) *

Henricus Martellus Germanus Henricus Martellus Germanus ( fl. 1480-1496) was a German cartographer active in Florence between 1480 and 1496. His surviving cartographic work includes manuscripts of Ptolemy's ''Geographia'', manuscripts of ''Insularium illustratum'' (a descri ...

(Germany, fl. 1480–1496) *

Donnus Nicholas Germanus Nicolaus Germanus () was a German cartographer who modernized Ptolemy's '' Geography'' by applying new projections, adding additional maps, and contributing other innovations that were influential in the development of Renaissance cartography. ...

(Germany, fl. 1460–1475) *

Fra Mauro Fra Mauro, O.S.B. Cam., (c.1400–1464) was a Venetian cartographer who lived in the Republic of Venice. He created the most detailed and accurate map of the world up until that time, the Fra Mauro map. Mauro was a monk of the Camaldolese ...

(Venice, c. 1459) *

Piri Reis Ahmet Muhiddin Piri ( 1465 – 1553), better known as Piri Reis ( tr, Pîrî Reis or ''Hacı Ahmet Muhittin Pîrî Bey''), was a navigator, geographer and cartographer. He is primarily known today for his maps and charts collected in his ''Kita ...

(Dardanelles, Ottoman Empire, 1465–1554/1555) *

Johannes Ruysch Johannes Ruysch (c. 1460? in Utrecht – 1533 in Cologne), a.k.a. ''Johann Ruijsch'' or ''Giovanni Ruisch'' was an explorer, cartographer, astronomer, manuscript illustrator and painter from the Low Countries who produced a famous map of the worl ...

(Netherlands, c 1466–1530), explorer, cartographer, astronomer, manuscript illustrator and painter * Hartmann Schedel (Germany, 1440–1514) * Amerigo Vespucci (

Republic of Florence The Republic of Florence, officially the Florentine Republic ( it, Repubblica Fiorentina, , or ), was a medieval and early modern state that was centered on the Italian city of Florence in Tuscany. The republic originated in 1115, when the Fl ...

, 1454–1512) *

Johannes Werner Johann(es) Werner ( la, Ioannes Vernerus; February 14, 1468 – May 1522) was a German mathematician. He was born in Nuremberg, Germany, where he became a parish priest. His primary work was in astronomy, mathematics, and geography, although he ...

(Germany, 1466–1528), refined and promoted the Werner

map projection In cartography, map projection is the term used to describe a broad set of transformations employed to represent the two-dimensional curved surface of a globe on a plane. In a map projection, coordinates, often expressed as latitude and l ...

Martin Waldseemüller Martin Waldseemüller (c. 1470 – 16 March 1520) was a German cartographer and humanist scholar. Sometimes known by the Latinized form of his name, Hylacomylus, his work was influential among contemporary cartographers. He and his collaborator ...

(Germany, c. 1470–c. 1521/1522) *

Olaus Magnus Olaus Magnus (October 1490 – 1 August 1557) was a Swedish writer, cartographer, and Catholic ecclesiastic. Biography Olaus Magnus (a Latin translation of his birth name Olof Månsson) was born in Linköping in October 1490. Like his elder ...

(Olof Månsson) (Sweden, 1490 -1557) published Carta Marina in 1539 * Gabriel de Valseca (15th century), Majorcan, author of several portolan charts of the Mediterranean * (15th century), from

Ancona Ancona (, also , ) is a city and a seaport in the Marche region in central Italy, with a population of around 101,997 . Ancona is the capital of the province of Ancona and of the region. The city is located northeast of Rome, on the Adriatic ...

, author of several portolan charts of the Mediterranean

16th century

* Giovanni Battista Agnese (c. 1500–1564), Genoese, cartographer, author of numerous nautical atlases *

Hacı Ahmet Hacı Ahmet was a purported Muslim cartographer linked to a 16th-century map of the world. Ahmet appended a commentary to the map, outlining his own life and an explanation for the creation of the map. But it is not clear whether Ahmet created the ...

, Tunisian cartographer, translated 16th c. map into Turkish for the

Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University ...

. *

Peter Apian Petrus Apianus (April 16, 1495 – April 21, 1552), also known as Peter Apian, Peter Bennewitz, and Peter Bienewitz, was a German humanist, known for his works in mathematics, astronomy and cartography. His work on "cosmography", the field that ...

(1495–1552), also known as Peter Bienewitz, German geographer and

astronomer An astronomer is a scientist in the field of astronomy who focuses their studies on a specific question or field outside the scope of Earth. They observe astronomical objects such as stars, planets, moons, comets and galaxies – in either ...

, author of the Apianus projection *

Philipp Apian Philipp Apian (14 September 1531 – 14 November 1589) was a German mathematician and medic. The son of Petrus Apianus (1495–1552), he is also known as the cartographer of Bavaria. Life He was born in Ingolstadt as Philipp Bienewitz (or Benne ...

(1531–1589) *

Joost Janszoon Bilhamer Joost Janszoon Bilhamer (1521 – 8 November 1590) was a Dutch sculptor, engraver, and cartographer. Biography He was born in Amsterdam in 1521 according to the RKD and in 1541 according to Jan Wagenaar's History of Amsterdam.

(Netherlands, 1541–1590) * Willem Janszoon Blaeu (Netherlands, 1571–1638), father of

Joan Blaeu Joan Blaeu (; 23 September 1596 – 21 December 1673) was a Dutch cartographer born in Alkmaar, the son of cartographer Willem Blaeu. Life In 1620, Blaeu became a doctor of law but he joined the work of his father. In 1635, they published ...

* Giovanni Battista Boazio, mapped Sir

Francis Drake Sir Francis Drake ( – 28 January 1596) was an English explorer, sea captain, privateer, slave trader, naval officer, and politician. Drake is best known for his circumnavigation of the world in a single expedition, from 1577 to 1580 ...

's voyage to the West Indies and America * Jacob Roelofs van Deventer (Netherlands, c 1510/15–1575) * Fernão Vaz Dourado (India, c. 1520–c. 1580), Portuguese cartographer of the school initiated by Lopo Homem *

Oronce Finé Oronce Finé (or Fine; Latin: ''Orontius Finnaeus'' or ''Finaeus''; it, Oronzio Fineo; 20 December 1494 – 8 August 1555) was a French mathematician, cartographer, editor and book illustrator. Life Born in Briançon, the son and grandson of p ...

(France, 1494–1555) *

Gemma Frisius Gemma Frisius (; born Jemme Reinerszoon; December 9, 1508 – May 25, 1555) was a Frisian physician, mathematician, cartographer, philosopher, and instrument maker. He created important globes, improved the mathematical instruments of his ...

(or Reiner Gemma) (Netherlands, 1508–1555) * Jan Van Hanswijk (Netherlands, fl. 1594) *

Martin Helwig Martin Helwig ( la, Martino Heilwig) (5 November 1516 – 26 January 1574) was a German cartographer of Silesia and pedagogue. He was born in Neisse and died in Breslau, Holy Roman Empire. Life A former pupil of an eminent German scholar and ...

(Germany, 1516–1574) *

Augustin Hirschvogel Augustin Hirschvogel (1503 – February 1553) was a German artist, mathematician, and cartographer known primarily for his etchings. His thirty-five small landscape etchings, made between 1545 and 1549, assured him a place in the Danube School, ...

(Germany, 1503–1553) * Lopo Homem (Portugal?–1565), co-author, with the Reinel family, of the well-known Miller Atlas *

Diogo Homem Diogo Homem (1521–1576) was a Portuguese cartographer, son of Lopo Homem and member of a family of cartographers. Due to a crime of murder, in which he was connivent, he was forced to exile from Portugal, first in England, and then in Venic ...

(Portugal 1521–1576), cartographer, son of Lopo Homem *

Jodocus Hondius Jodocus Hondius (Latinized version of his Dutch name: ''Joost de Hondt'') (17 October 1563 – 12 February 1612) was a Flemish and Dutch engraver and cartographer. He is sometimes called Jodocus Hondius the Elder to distinguish him from hi ...

(Netherlands, 1563–1612) *

Johannes Honterus Johannes Honter (also known as Johann Hynter; Latinized as Johann Honterus or Ioannes Honterus; Romanian sources may credit him as Ioan, Hungarian ones as János; 1498 – 23 January 1549) was a Transylvanian Saxon, renaissance humanist, Protes ...

(Transylvania, 1498–1549) * Gerard de Jode (Netherlands, 1509–1591) *

Urbano Monti Urbano Monti (16 August 1544 – 15 May 1613) (alternate spelling: Urbano Monte) was an Italian cartographer. Life He was born and raised in Milan, Italy. Career His most famous work is the Planisphere. Some of his best known works ar ...

(Italy, 1544–1613) *

Jacques le Moyne Jacques le Moyne de Morgues ( 1533–1588) was a French artist and member of Jean Ribault's expedition to the New World. His depictions of Native American life and culture, colonial life, and plants are of extraordinary historical import ...

(France, ca. 1533–1588) * Guillaume Le Testu (France, ca. 1509–1573) * Jacobus Pentius de Leucho (Italy) *

Gerardus Mercator Gerardus Mercator (; 5 March 1512 – 2 December 1594) was a 16th-century geographer, cosmographer and cartographer from the County of Flanders. He is most renowned for creating the 1569 world map based on a new projection which represented ...

(Netherlands, 1512–1594) *

Sebastian Münster Sebastian Münster (20 January 1488 – 26 May 1552) was a German cartographer and cosmographer. He also was a Christian Hebraist scholar who taught as a professor at the University of Basel. His well-known work, the highly accurate world map, ' ...

(Germany, 1488–1552) *

Abraham Ortelius Abraham Ortelius (; also Ortels, Orthellius, Wortels; 4 or 14 April 152728 June 1598) was a Brabantian cartographer, geographer, and cosmographer, conventionally recognized as the creator of the first modern atlas, the '' Theatrum Orbis Terraru ...

(France, 1527–1598), generally recognized as the creator of the first modern

Petrus Plancius Petrus Plancius (; 1552 – 15 May 1622) was a Dutch-Flemish astronomer, cartographer and clergyman. He was born as Pieter Platevoet in Dranouter, now in Heuvelland, West Flanders. He studied theology in Germany and England. At the age of 24 he ...

(Netherlands, 1552–1622) *

Timothy Pont Rev Timothy Pont (c. 1560–c.1627) was a Scottish minister, cartographer and topographer. He was the first to produce a detailed map of Scotland. Pont's maps are among the earliest surviving to show a European country in minute detail, from an ...

(Scotland, 1565–1614) *

Pedro Reinel Pedro Reinel (fl. 1485 – 1540) was a Portuguese cartographer. Between 1485 and 1519 Reinel served three Portuguese kings: João II, Manuel I and João III. He and his son, Jorge Reinel, were among the most renowned cartographers of their era ...

(Portugal ?–c. 1542), author of the oldest signed Portuguese

nautical chart A nautical chart is a graphic representation of a sea area and adjacent coastal regions. Depending on the scale of the chart, it may show depths of water and heights of land ( topographic map), natural features of the seabed, details of the co ...

Jorge Reinel Jorge Reinel (c. 1502 – after 1572) born in Lisbon was a Portuguese cartographer and instructor in cartography, son of the well-known cartographer Pedro Reinel. In 1519 in Seville he participated in the maps designed for the trip of his count ...

(Portugal c. 1502–c. 1572), Portuguese cartographer, son of

* Diogo Ribeiro (Portugal, ?–Sevilha, 1533), author of the first known

planisphere In astronomy, a planisphere () is a star chart analog computing instrument in the form of two adjustable disks that rotate on a common pivot. It can be adjusted to display the visible stars for any time and date. It is an instrument to assist ...

with a graduated

Equator The equator is a circle of latitude, about in circumference, that divides Earth into the Northern and Southern hemispheres. It is an imaginary line located at 0 degrees latitude, halfway between the North and South poles. The term can also ...

(1527) * Sebastião Lopes (Portugal 16th century), Portuguese cartographer and

cosmographer The term cosmography has two distinct meanings: traditionally it has been the protoscience of mapping the general features of the cosmos, heaven and Earth; more recently, it has been used to describe the ongoing effort to determine the large-scal ...

Christopher Saxton Christopher Saxton (c. 1540 – c. 1610) was an English cartographer who produced the first county maps of England and Wales. Life and family Saxton was probably born in Sowood, Ossett in the parish of Dewsbury, in the West Riding of Yorkshire ...

(England, born c 1540) *

John Speed John Speed (1551 or 1552 – 28 July 1629) was an English cartographer, chronologer and historian of Cheshire origins.S. Bendall, 'Speed, John (1551/2–1629), historian and cartographer', ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'' (OUP 2004/ ...

(England, 1542–1629) * Fernando Álvares Seco (Portugal?–?), signed the oldest known map of Portugal, reproduced in various editions of

Theatrum Orbis Terrarum ''Theatrum Orbis Terrarum'' (, "Theatre of the Orb of the World") is considered to be the first true modern atlas. Written by Abraham Ortelius, strongly encouraged by Gillis Hooftman and originally printed on 20 May 1570 in Antwerp, it consi ...

* Bernardus Sylvanus (Italy) * Luís Teixeira (Portugal ?–?), author of an important atlas of

Brazil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...

Bartolomeu Velho Bartolomeu Velho (died 1568) was a sixteenth-century Portuguese cartographer and cosmographer. Velho prepared the Carta General do Orbe (General Chart of the Globe) in 1561 for Sebastian of Portugal Sebastian ( pt, Sebastião I ; 20 January ...

(Portugal ?–1568),

and cartographer *

Lucas Janszoon Waghenaer Lucas Janszoon Waghenaer (–) was a Dutch cartographer and a notable figure of the Golden Age of Netherlandish cartography, known for his pioneering contributions on the subject of nautical cartography. Career Seafaring Waghenaer is one ...

(Netherlands, 1533/34–1605/06), driver, cartographer * Edward Wright (mathematician) (England, 1561–1615),

and cartographer * Georg Braun (Germany, 1541–1622),

17th century

Moll - A new map of the whole world with the trade winds

Pieter van der Aa Pieter van der Aa (Leiden, 1659 – Leiden, August 1733) was a Dutch publisher best known for preparing maps and atlases, though he also printed pirated editions of foreign bestsellers and illustrated volumes. He also printed many maps that were ...

(Netherlands, 1659–1733) * João Teixeira Albernaz I (Portugal, died c. 1664), prolific cartographer, son of Luís Teixeira * João Teixeira Albernaz II (Portugal, died c. 1699), Portuguese cartographer * Pedro Teixeira Albernaz (Portugal, c. 1595–1662), Portuguese cartographer author of an important atlas of the

Iberian Peninsula The Iberian Peninsula (), ** * Aragonese and Occitan: ''Peninsula Iberica'' ** ** * french: Péninsule Ibérique * mwl, Península Eibérica * eu, Iberiar penintsula also known as Iberia, is a peninsula in southwestern Europe, def ...

and a map of Portugal (1656) *

Guillaume Le Vasseur de Beauplan Guillaume Levasseur de Beauplan (c. 1600 – 6 December 1673) or William le Vasseur de Beauplan was a French-Polish cartographer, engineer and architect. Beauplan served as artillery captain for the army of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland b ...

(France, c. 1600–1673), French cartographer who created first descriptive map of

Ukraine Ukraine ( uk, Україна, Ukraïna, ) is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which it borders to the east and northeast. Ukraine covers approximately . Prior to the ongoing Russian inva ...

Johannes Blaeu Joan Blaeu (; 23 September 1596 – 21 December 1673) was a Dutch cartographer born in Alkmaar, the son of cartographer Willem Blaeu. Life In 1620, Blaeu became a doctor of law but he joined the work of his father. In 1635, they published ...

(Netherlands, 1596–1673) *

Emanuel Bowen Emanuel Bowen (1694 – 8 May 1767) was a Welsh map engraver, who achieved the unique distinction of becoming Royal Mapmaker to both to King George II of Great Britain and Louis XV of France. Bowen was highly regarded by his contemporaries for p ...

(1693/4–1767), engraver and map maker *

Vincenzo Coronelli Vincenzo Maria Coronelli (August 16, 1650 – December 9, 1718) was an Italian Franciscan friar, cosmographer, cartographer, publisher, and encyclopedist known in particular for his atlases and globes. He spent most of his life in Venice. Biog ...

(Venetian, 1650–1718) *

Guillaume Delisle Guillaume Delisle, also spelled Guillaume de l'Isle, (; 28 February 1675, Paris – 25 January 1726, Paris) was a French cartographer known for his popular and accurate maps of Europe and the newly explored Americas. Childhood and education Desli ...

(French, 1675–1726) * Petter Gedda (Sweden, 1661–1697) *

Hessel Gerritsz Hessel Gerritsz ( – buried 4 September 1632) was a Dutch engraver, cartographer, and publisher. He was one of the notable figures in the Golden Age of Netherlandish cartography. Despite strong competition, he is considered by some "unques ...

(Netherlands, 1581–1632), cartographer for the VOC * Isaak de Graaff (Netherlands, 1668–1743), cartographer for the VOC * Johann Homann (Germany, 1664–1724), geographer * Henricus Hondius (Netherlands, 1597–1651) *

Willem Hondius Willem Hondius or Willem Hondt (c. 1598 in The Hague – 1652 or 1658 in Danzig (Gdańsk)) was a Dutch engraver, cartographer and painter who spent most of his life in Poland. Life Willem Hondius was one of seven children of Hendrik Hondius the ...

(Netherlands, 1598–1652/58) *

Johannes Janssonius Johannes Janssonius (1588, Arnhem – buried July 11, 1664, Amsterdam) (born Jan Janszoon, in English also Jan Jansson) was a Dutch cartographer and publisher who lived and worked in Amsterdam in the 17th century. Biography Janssonius was ...

(Netherlands, 1588–1664) *

Johannes van Keulen Johannes van Keulen (1654 in Deventer – 1715 in Amsterdam) was a 17th-century Dutch cartographer. He published the influential nautical atlas the ''Zee-Atlas'' and the pilot guide ''Zee-Fakkel'' (meaning Sea-Torch in English). In 1678 Joha ...

(Netherlands, 1654–1715) * Joannes de Laet (Netherlands, 1581–1649) * Michael van Langren (Netherlands, 1600–1675) *

Alain Manesson Mallet Alain Manesson Mallet (1630–1706) was a French cartographer and engineer. He started his career as a soldier in the army of Louis XIV , house = Bourbon , father = Louis XIII , mother = Anne of Austria , birth_date ...

(France, 1630–1706) *

Matthäus Merian Matthäus is a given name or surname. Notable people with the name include: ;Surname * Lothar Matthäus, (born 1961), German former football player and manager ;Given name * Matthäus Aurogallus, Professor of Hebrew at the University of Wittenbe ...

Sr. (Switzerland, 1593–1650) and Jr. (Switzerland, 1621–1687) * David de Meyne (Netherlands, ca. 1569–1620) * Herman Moll (Germany?/England, 1654–1732) *

Robert Morden Robert Morden (c. 1650 – 1703) was an English bookseller, publisher, and mapmaker, globemaker and engraver. He was among the first successful commercial map makers. Between about 1675 and his death in 1703, he was based under the sign of the ...

(England, 1650–1703) * Giovan Battista Nicolosi (Italy, 1610–1670) *

Dirck Rembrantsz van Nierop Dirck Rembrantsz van Nierop (1610 – 4 November 1682) was a seventeenth-century Dutch cartographer, mathematician, surveyor, astronomer, shoemaker and Mennonite teacher. Life Van Nierop was born and died at Nieuwe Niedorp ("Nierop"), Holland ( ...

(Netherlands, 1610–1682), cartographer, mathematician and astronomist * Jean-Baptiste Nolin (France, c.1657–1708) *

John Ogilby John Ogilby (also ''Ogelby'', ''Oglivie''; November 1600 – 4 September 1676) was a Scottish translator, impresario and cartographer. Best known for publishing the first British road atlas, he was also a successful translator, noted for publ ...

(Scotland, 1600–1676) * (England, 16xx-1743) * Nicolas Sanson (France, 1600–1667) *

Peter Schenk the Elder Petrus Schenck, or Pieter, or Peter Schenk the Elder (baptized: 26 December 1660 – between 12 August and 17 November 1711 in Leipzig) was a German engraver and cartographer active in Amsterdam and Leipzig.Johannes Vingboons (Netherlands, 1616/17–1670), cartographer and aquarellist *

Georg Matthäus Vischer Georg Matthäus Vischer (22 April 1628 – 13 December 1696) was an Austrian topographer, cartographer, engraver and parish priest in Leonstein (Upper Austria) and Vienna. Vischer was born in Wenns ( Tyrol). Despite his clerical vocatio ...

(Austria, 1628–1696), cartographer, topographer and engraver *

Claes Jansz Visscher Claes Janszoon Visscher (1587 – 19 June 1652) was a Dutch Golden Age draughtsman, engraver, mapmaker, and publisher. He was the founder of the successful Visscher family mapmaking business. The firm that he established in Amsterdam would be p ...

(Netherlands, 1587–1652) *

Nicolaes Visscher I Nicolaes Visscher I (25 January 1618, Amsterdam – buried 11 September 1679, Amsterdam) was a Dutch engraver, cartographer and publisher. He was the son of Claes Janszoon Visscher. His son, Nicolaes Visscher II (1649–1702), also worked with hi ...

(Netherlands, 1618–1679) *

Frederik de Wit Frederik de Wit (born Frederik Hendriksz; – July 1706) was a Dutch Cartography, cartographer and artist. Early years Frederik de Wit was born Frederik Hendriksz. He was born to a Protestantism, Protestant family in about 1629, i ...

(Netherlands, 1610/16–1698) *

Nicolaes Witsen Nicolaes Witsen (8 May 1641 – 10 August 1717; modern Dutch: ''Nicolaas Witsen'') was a Dutch statesman who was mayor of Amsterdam thirteen times, between 1682 and 1706. In 1693 he became administrator of the Dutch East India Company (VOC). I ...

(Netherlands, 1641–1717), diplomat, cartographer, writer and mayor of Amsterdam * Giovanni Cassini ( Cassini I, Italy & France, 1625–1712) *

Jacques Cassini Jacques Cassini (18 February 1677 – 16 April 1756) was a French astronomer, son of the famous Italian astronomer Giovanni Domenico Cassini. Cassini was born at the Paris Observatory. Admitted at the age of seventeen to membership of the French ...

(a.k.a. Cassini II, France, 1677–1756)

18th century

Bellin - Carte reduite de l'ocean septentrional

Anville - Troisieme partie de la carte d'Asie

Plan du Jardin et Vue des Maisons de Chiswick

* John James Abert (United States, 1788–1863), headed the

Corps of Topographical Engineers The U.S. Army Corps of Topographical Engineers was a branch of the United States Army authorized on 4 July 1838. It consisted only of officers who were handpicked from West Point and was used for mapping and the design and construction of federal ...

for 32 years and organized the mapping of the

American West The Western United States (also called the American West, the Far West, and the West) is the region comprising the westernmost states of the United States. As American settlement in the U.S. expanded westward, the meaning of the term ''the Wes ...

* John Arrowsmith (England, 1790–1873), member of the Arrowsmith family of geographers *

Louis Albert Guislain Bacler d'Albe Bacler d'Albe (October 21, 1761 – September 12, 1824) was a French artist, as well as the map-maker and closest strategic advisor of Napoleon from 1796 until 1814. Bacler d'Albe was one of Napoleon's longest-lasting companions: a fellow arti ...

(France, 1761–1824), also artist and longtime strategic advisor to

Napoleon Napoleon Bonaparte ; it, Napoleone Bonaparte, ; co, Napulione Buonaparte. (born Napoleone Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military commander and political leader wh ...

John Senex John Senex (1678 in Ludlow, Shropshire – 1740 in London) was an English cartographer, engraver and explorer. He was also an astrologer, geologist, and geographer to Queen Anne of Great Britain, editor and seller of antique maps and most import ...

(1690–1740), engraver, publisher, surveyor and geographer to Queen Anne * John Lodge Cowley, cartographer, mathematician and geographer *

Agostino Codazzi Giovanni Battista Agostino Codazzi (alternatively known in Latin America as Agustín Codazzi; 12 July 1793 – 7 February 1859) was an Italo-Venezuelan soldier, scientist, geographer, cartographer, and governor of Barinas (1846–1847 ...

(Italy, 1793–1858) *

Joseph Frederick Wallet DesBarres Joseph Frederick Wallet Des Barres (22 November 1721 or April–May 1729 – 24 or 27 October 1824) was a Canadian cartographer who served in the Seven Years' War, as the aide-de-camp to General James Wolfe. He later went on to serve as the L ...

(1721–1824), created

Atlantic Neptune The ''Atlantic Neptune'' is a monumental four volume atlas which was the most important collection of maps, charts and views of North America published in the eighteenth century. It was created by Colonel Joseph Frederick Wallet Des Barres. Des ...

* Giambattista (Giovanni Battista) Albrizzi (Venice, 1698–1777), publisher of illustrated books and maps * Sieur le Rouge map c1740 *

John Gibson (cartographer) John Gibson (flourished in London 1750 to his death in 1792) was an English cartographer, geographer, draughtsman and engraver. Recognized as an important late eighteenth-century British cartographer, a contemporary of Jacques-Nicolas Bellin an ...

, map c. 1758 *

Jacques-Nicolas Bellin Jacques Nicolas Bellin (1703 – 21 March 1772) was a French hydrographer, geographer, and member of the French intellectual group called the philosophes. Bellin was born in Paris. He was hydrographer of France's hydrographic office, member of t ...

(1703–1772), chief cartographer to the French navy *

William Bligh Vice-Admiral William Bligh (9 September 1754 – 7 December 1817) was an officer of the Royal Navy and a colonial administrator. The mutiny on the HMS ''Bounty'' occurred in 1789 when the ship was under his command; after being set adrift i ...

(England, 1754–57 December 1817), Ships Master during the infamous Bounty mutiny and noted free-hand cartographer *

Rigobert Bonne Rigobert Bonne (6 October 1727 – 2 September 1794) was a French cartographer, widely considered to be one of the most important cartographers of the late 18th century. In 1773 Bonne succeeded Jacques Nicolas Bellin as Royal Cartographer to Franc ...

(France, 1727–1795), Royal Cartographer to France in the office of the Hydrographer at Depot de la Marine *

Jean Baptiste Bourguignon d'Anville Jean-Baptiste Bourguignon d'Anville (; born in Paris 11 July 169728 January 1782) was a French geographer and cartographer who greatly improved the standards of map-making. D'Anville became cartographer to the king, who purchased his cartographic ...

(France, 1697–1782) * Don Tomas Lopez de Vargas Machuca (Spain, 1730–1802) * Lourenco Homem da Cunha d’Eca, created , 1808 *

Abel Buell Abel Buell (1742–1822), born in Killingworth, Connecticut, was a goldsmith, silversmith, jewelry designer, engraver, surveyor, printer, type manufacturer, mint master, textile miller, and counterfeiter in the American colonies. In 1784, Buell ...

(1742–1822), published the first map of the new United States created by an American *

Dimitrie Cantemir Dimitrie or Demetrius Cantemir (, russian: Дмитрий Кантемир; 26 October 1673 – 21 August 1723), also known by other spellings, was a Romanian prince, statesman, and man of letters, regarded as one of the most significant e ...

(Moldavia and Russia, 1673–1723) *

César-François Cassini de Thury César-François Cassini de Thury (17 June 1714 – 4 September 1784), also called Cassini III or Cassini de Thury, was a French astronomer and cartographer. Biography Cassini de Thury was born in Thury-sous-Clermont, in the Oise departm ...

(a.k.a. Cassini III, France, 1714–1784) * Jean-Dominique Cassini (a.k.a. Cassini IV, France, 1748–1845) *

Edme Mentelle Edme Mentelle (11 October 1730 - 28 April 1816) was a French geographer. Biography Student of Jean-Baptiste Louis Crévier at the Collège de Beauvais (at the time a constituent college of the University of Paris), he found employment with th ...

(France, 1730–1816) * Pierre Gilles Chanlair (France, 1758–1817) *

James Cook James Cook (7 November 1728 Old Style date: 27 October – 14 February 1779) was a British explorer, navigator, cartographer, and captain in the British Royal Navy, famous for his three voyages between 1768 and 1779 in the Pacific Ocean and ...

(Captain RN) (1728–1779), navigator and naval chart maker *

Simeon De Witt Simeon De Witt (December 25, 1756 – December 3, 1834) was Geographer and Surveyor General of the Continental Army during the American Revolution and Surveyor General of the State of New York for the fifty years from 1784 until his death. Life ...

(1756–1834), successor to Robert Erskine and Surveyor-General of the State of New York *

Louis Isidore Duperrey Louis-Isidore Duperrey (21 October 1786 – 25 August 1865) was a French naval officer and explorer. Biography Early life Louis-Isidore Duperrey was born in 1786. Career He joined the navy in 1802, and served as marine hydrologist to Louis Cl ...

(French, 1786–1865) * Johann Friedrich Endersch (Germany, fl. 1755) * Colonel Robert Erskine (1735–1780),

geographer A geographer is a physical scientist, social scientist or humanist whose area of study is geography, the study of Earth's natural environment and human society, including how society and nature interacts. The Greek prefix "geo" means "earth" a ...

and Surveyor-General of the

Continental Army The Continental Army was the army of the United Colonies (the Thirteen Colonies) in the Revolutionary-era United States. It was formed by the Second Continental Congress after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War, and was establis ...

during the

American Revolution The American Revolution was an ideological and political revolution that occurred in British America between 1765 and 1791. The Americans in the Thirteen Colonies formed independent states that defeated the British in the American Revoluti ...

* Joseph de Ferraris (1726–1814), Austrian cartographer of the Austrian Netherlands *

Matthew Flinders Captain Matthew Flinders (16 March 1774 – 19 July 1814) was a British navigator and cartographer who led the first inshore circumnavigation of mainland Australia, then called New Holland. He is also credited as being the first person to ut ...

(British, 1774–1814),

Royal Navy The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force. Although warships were used by English and Scottish kings from the early medieval period, the first major maritime engagements were fought in the Hundred Years' War against Fr ...

officer; circumnavigated Australia and made exploration of the Australian coastline * Joseph Marx Baron von Liechtenstern (Austria, 1765–1828) *

Louis Feuillée Louis Éconches Feuillée (sometimes spelled Feuillet) (1660, Mane, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence – 18 April 1732) was a French member of the Order of the Minims, explorer, astronomer, geographer, and botanist. Biography Feuillée was educated at t ...

(France, 1660–1732) *

Björn Gunnlaugsson Björn Gunnlaugsson (25 September 1788 – 17 March 1876)Benedikz, p. 568ff. was an Icelandic mathematician and cartographer. For the Icelandic Literary Society, he surveyed the country from 1831 to 1843. The results of his work were publ ...

(Iceland, 1788–1876) * Fielding Lucas, Jr. (c. 1781–1854), of the Lucas Brothers,

Baltimore Baltimore ( , locally: or ) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Maryland, fourth most populous city in the Mid-Atlantic, and the 30th most populous city in the United States with a population of 585,708 in 2020. Baltimore was ...

, USA * J. Flyn "New and Correct Plan of London", 1770 * Samuel Gustaf Hermelin (Sweden, 1744–1820) *

Thomas Jefferys Thomas Jefferys (c. 1719 – 1771), "Geographer to King George III", was an English cartographer who was the leading map supplier of his day.Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, 2004. He engraved and printed maps for government and other offi ...

(England, c. 1710–1771), geographer of King

George III of the United Kingdom George III (George William Frederick; 4 June 173829 January 1820) was King of Great Britain and of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of the two kingdoms on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Br ...

William Faden William Faden (1749 – 1836) was an English cartographer and a publisher of maps. He was the royal geographer to King George III. He replaced Thomas Jefferys in that role. The title of "geographer to the king" was given to various people in th ...

(England, 1749–1836), successor to Thomas Jefferys *

Pierre Jacotin Pierre Jacotin (1765–1827) was the director of the survey for the '' Carte de l'Égypte (Description de l'Égypte)'', the first triangulation-based map of Egypt, Syria and Palestine. The maps were surveyed in 1799-1800 during the campaign in ...

(France, 1765–1829) * Murdoch McKenzie (Scotland, died 1797) * John Mitchell (1711–1768), colonial British American mapmaker *

Thomas Livingstone Mitchell Sir Thomas Livingstone Mitchell (15 June 1792 – 5 October 1855), surveyor and explorer of Southeastern Australia, was born at Grangemouth in Stirlingshire, Scotland. In 1827 he took up an appointment as Assistant Surveyor General of New South ...

(England, 1792–1855) *

Robert Moresby Robert Moresby (15 June 1794 – 15 June 1854Some sources mention that he is thought to have died in 1863.) was a captain of the East India Company's Bombay Marine/Indian Navy who distinguished himself as a hydrographer, maritime surveyor a ...

(England, 1794–1863) *

Thomas Moule Thomas Moule (14 January 1784 – January 1851) was an English antiquarian, writer on heraldry, and one of Victorian England's most influential map-makers. He is best known for his popular and highly decorated county maps of England, steel-e ...

(England, 1784–1851) * Carlton Osgood (United States, †1816) *

Adriaan Reland Adriaan Reland (also known as ''Adriaen Reeland/Reelant'', ''Hadrianus Relandus'') (17 July 1676, De Rijp, North Holland5 February 1718, UtrechtJohn Gorton, ''A General Biographical Dictionary'', 1838, Whittaker & Co.) was a noted Dutch Oriental ...

(Netherlands, 1676–1718), linguist and cartographer * Thomas Richardson (Scotland) * Dider Robert de Vaugondy (France, 1688–1766) * John Rocque (England, 1709–1762) *David Watson, surveyed Scotland post 1747 to produce ''The Duke of Cumberland's Map'' *

William Roy Major-General William Roy (4 May 17261 July 1790) was a Scottish military engineer, surveyor, and antiquarian. He was an innovator who applied new scientific discoveries and newly emerging technologies to the accurate geodetic mapping of ...

(England, 1726–1790) * William Mudge (England, 1762–1820) *

Thomas Frederick Colby Thomas Frederick Colby FRS FRSE FGS FRGS (1 September 17849 October 1852), was a British major-general and director of the Ordnance Survey (OS). A Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society and Royal Society, Colby was one of the leading geograp ...

(England, 1784–1852) * Matthäus Seutter (Germany, 1678–1757) *

Friedrich Wilhelm Carl von Schmettau Friedrich may refer to: Names *Friedrich (surname), people with the surname ''Friedrich'' *Friedrich (given name), people with the given name ''Friedrich'' Other *Friedrich (board game), a board game about Frederick the Great and the Seven Years' ...

(1743–1806) *

Matthias Seutter Matthias is a name derived from the Greek Ματθαίος, in origin similar to Matthew (given name), Matthew. People Notable people named Matthias include the following: In religion: * Saint Matthias, chosen as an apostle in Acts 1:21–26 to re ...

(Germany, 1678–1757) * Jacob Swart (Netherlands, 1796–1866) * Inō Tadataka (Japan, 1745–1818) Surveyor and cartographer who completed the first surveyed map of Japan * David Thompson (British–Canadian, 1770–1857) *

Daniel-Charles Trudaine Daniel-Charles Trudaine (3 January 1703 – 19 January 1769) was a French administrator and civil engineer. Trudaine was one of the primary developers of the present French road system. He is also known for the monumental ''Atlas de Trudaine'' ( ...

(France, 1703–1769) *

Philip Johan von Strahlenberg Philip, also Phillip, is a male given name, derived from the Greek (''Philippos'', lit. "horse-loving" or "fond of horses"), from a compound of (''philos'', "dear", "loved", "loving") and (''hippos'', "horse"). Prominent Philips who populariz ...

(1676–1747) *

Thomas Kitchin Thomas Kitchin (also Kitchen; 1718–1784) was an English engraver and cartographer, who became hydrographer to the king. He was also a writer, who wrote about the history of the West Indies. Life He was born in Southwark, and was apprenticed t ...

(1718–1784), London-based cartographer and engraver of maps of England, greater Europe, and parts of the British Empire.; at one time held the titles "Senior Hydrographer to His Majesty" and "Senior Engraver to His Royal Highness the Duke of York" *

Friedrich Christoph Müller Christoph Friedrich Müller (8 October 1751, Allendorf (Lumda) – 10 April 1808, Schwelm) was a theologian and cartographer in Schwelm. Mueller studied theology, mathematics, astronomy and the sciences. In addition, he learned four languages ...

(Germany, 1751–1808) * Philippe Vandermaelen (Belgium, 1795–1869) * Alexander Wilbrecht (Russia, 1757–1823), geographer of the Geographic Department of the Cabinet of Her Imperial Majesty *

Emma Willard Emma Hart Willard (February 23, 1787 – April 15, 1870) was an American woman's education activist who dedicated her life to education. She worked in several schools and founded the first school for women's higher education, the Emma Willard S ...

(United States, 1787–1870), women's rights activist and education reformer * James Wilson (United States, 1763–1835), first maker of

globe A globe is a spherical model of Earth, of some other celestial body, or of the celestial sphere. Globes serve purposes similar to maps, but unlike maps, they do not distort the surface that they portray except to scale it down. A model glo ...

s in the United States *

George Washington George Washington (February 22, 1732, 1799) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first president of the United States from 1789 to 1797. Appointed by the Continental Congress as commander of ...

(United States of America, 1732–1799), first president of the United States; cartographer * Henri Michelot (France, born c. 1664), Marseilles, France, hydrographer and pilot of the Royal Galley

19th century

* Robert Aitken of Beith. born c. 1786 *

Carlo de Candia Carlo is a given name. It is an Italian form of Charles. It can refer to: *Carlo (name) *Monte Carlo *Carlingford, New South Wales, a suburb in north-west Sydney, New South Wales, Australia *A satirical song written by Dafydd Iwan about Prince Char ...

(1803–1862), Italian cartographer, created the large maritime map of Sardinia in 1: 250,000 scale, travel version. * John Bartholomew the elder(26 April 1805 – 8 April 1861), Scottish cartographer and engraver. *

Henry Peter Bosse Henry Peter Bosse (1844–1903) was a German-American photographer, cartographer and civil engineer. Biography *1844: Henry Peter Bosse is born November 13 at his father's estate, Sonnedorf in Prussia ...

(Germany/United States, 1844–1903), also photographer and civil engineer *

Abraham Bradley Jr. Abraham Bradley Jr. (February 22, 1767 – May 7, 1838) was an American lawyer, judge, and cartographer, who was an assistant postmaster general for 30 years during the earliest history of the United States Post Office Department. Bradley w ...

(1767–1838), created first postal road maps of the United States *

George Bradshaw George Bradshaw (29 July 1800 – 6 September 1853) was an English cartographer, printer and publisher. He developed Bradshaw's Guide, a widely sold series of combined railway guides and timetables. Biography Bradshaw was born at Windsor Brid ...

(England, 1801–1853) * Eugenia Wheeler Goff (United States, 1844–1922), combined history, resources, and geography * Leslie George Bullock (1895–1971) * Bernard J. S. Cahill (1867–1944), inventor of octahedral "Butterfly Map" of the world *

George Comer Captain George Comer (April 1858 – 1937) was considered the most famous American whaling captain of Hudson Bay, and the world's foremost authority on Hudson Bay Inuit in the early 20th century. Comer was a polar explorer, whaler/ sealer, ethno ...

(1858–1937) * John Paul Goode (1862–1932), created the "Evil Mercator" and ''Goode’s World Atlas'' * Hermann Haack (Germany, 1872–1966) *

Eduard Imhof Eduard Imhof (25 January 1895 – 27 April 1986) was a professor of cartography at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zürich, from 1925 to 1965. His fame, which extends far beyond the Institute of Technology, stems from his relief shadi ...

(1895–1986), oversaw the Schweizerischer Mittelschulatlas, the atlas used in

Swiss Swiss may refer to: * the adjectival form of Switzerland *Swiss people Places * Swiss, Missouri *Swiss, North Carolina * Swiss, West Virginia *Swiss, Wisconsin Other uses * Swiss-system tournament, in various games and sports * Swiss Internation ...

James Ireland Craig James Ireland Craig (1868–1952) was a Scottish mathematician, meteorologist and creator of the Craig retroazimuthal projection. Life He was born on 24 February 1868 in Buckhaven the son of Captain T M Craig, a pioneer in the development o ...

(1868–1952), inventor of the

Craig retroazimuthal projection The Craig retroazimuthal map projection was created by James Ireland Craig in 1909. It is a modified cylindrical projection. As a retroazimuthal projection, it preserves directions from everywhere to one location of interest that is configured ...

, otherwise known as the ''Mecca projection'' * J. H. Colton (United States, 1800–1893) *

Carl Diercke Carl Diercke (born 15 September 1842 in Kyritz, Ostprignitz; died 7 March 1913 in Berlin) was a German cartographer. Life From 1863 to 1865, Diercke studied in Berlin. In 1875, Diercke started German geography atlas ''Diercke''. Diercke was ...

(1842–1913) *

Max Eckert-Greifendorff Max Eckert (after 1934, Max Eckert-Greifendorff: 10 April 1868 in Chemnitz, Kingdom of Saxony – 26 December 1938, in Aachen) was a German geographer. Biography He received his education in Löbau and Berlin, and taught for some time at Löbau ...

(Germany, 1868–1938) *

Percy Fawcett Percy Harrison Fawcett (18 August 1867 during or after 1925) was a British geographer, artillery officer, cartographer, archaeologist, and explorer of South America. Fawcett disappeared in 1925 (along with his eldest son, Jack, and one o ...

(1867–1925), British explorer of South America *

Matthew Fontaine Maury Matthew Fontaine Maury (January 14, 1806February 1, 1873) was an American oceanographer and naval officer, serving the United States and then joining the Confederacy during the American Civil War. He was nicknamed "Pathfinder of the Seas" and i ...

(United States, 1806–1873), U.S. Navy officer; also oceanographer, meteorologist, cartographer, author, geologist, and educator * Matsuura Takeshirō (Japan, 1818–1888) explorer, cartographer, writer, painter, priest, and antiquarian. * Thaddeus Mortimer Fowler (1842–1922), American producer of

pictorial maps Pictorial maps (also known as illustrated maps, panoramic maps, perspective maps, bird’s-eye view maps, and geopictorial maps) depict a given territory with a more artistic rather than technical style. It is a type of map in contrast to road map ...

Charles F. Hoffmann Charles Frederick Hoffmann (February 29, 1838 – June 20, 1913) was a German-American topographer working in California U.S. from 1860 to 1880. Life Hoffmann was born in Frankfurt, Germany on February 29, 1838. After receiving an education i ...

(Germany/United States, 1838–1913) * James Gardner *

William Hughes (geographer) William Hughes FRGS (1818 – 21 May 1876) was an English geographer, cartographer, author and academic. Life In early life Hughes was in business as an engraver in Pentonville, London. In 1840 he became a lecturer at St John's College, ...

FRGS (1818 – 21 May 1876) was an English geographer, mapmaker, cartographer and author. * Gwynneth de Candia Vaughan (England 1879 - ?), British cartographer, mapmaker in the Australian territories. *

Felix Jones Felix Jones Jr. (born May 8, 1987) is a former American football running back in the National Football League (NFL) for the Dallas Cowboys and Pittsburgh Steelers. He played college football at the University of Arkansas and was drafted by t ...

(England, 1813–1878) *

Florence Kelley Florence Moltrop Kelley (September 12, 1859 – February 17, 1932) was a social and political reformer and the pioneer of the term wage abolitionism. Her work against sweatshops and for the minimum wage, eight-hour workdays, and children's rig ...

(United States, 1859–1932), political reformer, director of the Chicago portion of the Hull House Maps and Papers *

Peter Kozler Peter Kosler or Kozler (16 February 1824 – 16 April 1879) was a Carniolan lawyer, geographer, cartographer, activist, and businessman. He was of ethnic German origin, but also identified with Slovene culture and advocated the peaceful coexi ...

(Slovenia, 1824–1879), lawyer, geographer, politician, manufacturer *

Victor Adolphe Malte-Brun Victor Adolphe Malte-Brun (25 November 1816 – 13 July 1889) was a French geographer and cartographer. Biography He was born in Paris, France, the son of Conrad Malte-Brun, another geographer, of Danish origin, and founder of the ''Société de ...

(France, 1816–1889) * Heinrich Theodor Menke (Germany, 1819–1892) *

August Heinrich Petermann Augustus Heinrich Petermann (18 April 182225 September 1878) was a German cartographer. Early years Petermann was born in Bleicherode, Germany. When he was 14 years old he started grammar school in the nearby town of Nordhausen. His mother wa ...

(18 April 1822 – 25 September 1878), German cartographer * George Philip (1800–1882), cartographer, map publisher and founder of the publishing house George Philip & Son Ltd. * Erwin Raisz (1893–1968) *

William R. Shepherd William Robert Shepherd (12 June 1871 in Charleston, South Carolina – 7 June 1934 in Berlin, Germany) was an American cartographer and historian specializing in American and Latin American history. In 1896, Shepherd completed his PhD at Colum ...

(1871–1934) *

Yuly Shokalsky Yuly Mikhailovich Shokalsky (russian: Юлий Михайлович Шокальский; October 17, 1856 in Saint Petersburg – March 26, 1940 in Leningrad) was a Russian oceanographer, cartographer, and geographer. Career A grandson of A ...

(Russia, 1856–1940), also oceanographer and geographer * Karl Spruner von Merz (Germany, 1803–1892) * John Tallis and Company (England, 1838–1851) * Nicolas Auguste Tissot (France, 1824–1897), devised

Tissot's indicatrix In cartography, a Tissot's indicatrix (Tissot indicatrix, Tissot's ellipse, Tissot ellipse, ellipse of distortion) (plural: "Tissot's indicatrices") is a mathematical contrivance presented by French mathematician Nicolas Auguste Tissot in 1859 ...

* Shanawdithit (Canada, ca. 1801–1829), created maps depicting the movement

Beothuk The Beothuk ( or ; also spelled Beothuck) were a group of indigenous people who lived on the island of Newfoundland. Beginning around AD 1500, the Beothuk culture formed. This appeared to be the most recent cultural manifestation of peoples w ...

people in Newfoundland * Edward A. Vincent (England/United States, c. 1825–27 November 1856),

civil engineer A civil engineer is a person who practices civil engineering – the application of planning, designing, constructing, maintaining, and operating infrastructure while protecting the public and environmental health, as well as improving existing ...

, architect *

Nain Singh Rawat Nain Singh (21 October 18301 February 1882), also known as Nain Singh Rawat, was one of the first Indian explorers (dubbed "pundits") employed by the British to explore the Himalayas and Central Asia. He came from the Johar Valley in Kumaon. H ...

(India, 1830–1882) Cartographer and explorer * Cope, Emmor B:

Gettysburg Battlefield The Gettysburg Battlefield is the area of the July 1–3, 1863, military engagements of the Battle of Gettysburg within and around the borough of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. Locations of military engagements extend from the site of the first sho ...

cartographer and first Gettysburg National Military Park superintendent * Alexandre Vuillemin (France, 1812–1880) * Ruth Taylor White (United States 1899 – ?), creator of pictorial maps of the United States *

John Francon Williams John Francon Williams (1854 – 4 September 1911) was a Welsh writer, geographer, historian, journalist, cartographer, and inventor, born in Llanllechid, Caernarvonshire. His seminal work was ''The Geography of the Oceans''. Family John Fran ...

FRGS (1854–4 September 1911), editor, journalist, writer, geographer, historian, cartographer and inventor. *

Fanny Bullock Workman Fanny Bullock Workman (January 8, 1859 – January 22, 1925) was an American geographer, cartographer, explorer, travel writer, and mountaineer, notably in the Himalayas. She was one of the first female professional mountaineers; she not only e ...

(United States, 1859–1925), geographer, cartographer, explorer, travel writer, and mountaineer *

James Wyld James Wyld (1812–1887) was a British geographer and map-seller, best known for Wyld's Great Globe. He was the eldest son of James Wyld the Elder (1790–1836) and Eliza (née Legg). In 1838, he married Anne, the daughter of John Hester, and ...

(England, 1812–1887) *

Hatsusaburō Yoshida was a Japanese cartographer and artist, known by his bird's-eye view maps of cities and towns. Known as the "Hiroshige of the Taisho Era," Yoshida created over 3,000 maps in his lifetime. Biography Yoshida was born in Kyoto in 1884 as Hatsusab ...

(Japan, 1884–1955)

20th century

* Regina Araújo de Almeida (Brazil, 1949– ), professor of geography at the

University of Sao Paulo A university () is an institution of higher (or tertiary) education and research which awards academic degrees in several academic disciplines. Universities typically offer both undergraduate and postgraduate programs. In the United States, the ...

, tactile cartographer *

Jacques Bertin Jacques Bertin (27 July 1918 – 3 May 2010) was a French cartographer and theorist, known from his book ''Semiologie Graphique'' (''Semiology of Graphics''), published in 1967. This monumental work, based on his experience as a cartographer and ...

(France, 1918–2010) * Josef Breu (Austria, 1914–1998) *

Cynthia Brewer Cynthia A. Brewer is an American professor of geography at the Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, and author. She has worked as a map and atlas design consultant for the U.S. Census Bureau, National Cancer Institute, National Center for ...

(United States, 1957– ), developed ColorBrewer, professor at

Penn State University The Pennsylvania State University (Penn State or PSU) is a Public university, public Commonwealth System of Higher Education, state-related Land-grant university, land-grant research university with campuses and facilities throughout Pennsylvan ...

* Roger Brunet (1931– ) *

Emanuela Casti Emanuela Casti (born 1950 in Mira, Venice, Italy) is an Italian geographer and a cartography theorist. Considered an innovator, she has formalized a semiotic theory for the interpretation of maps in their various forms: from historical maps to cybe ...

(1950– ), formalized a semiotic theory of geographic maps *

Danny Dorling Danny Dorling (born 16 January 1968) is a British social geographer. Since 2013, he has been Halford Mackinder Professor of Geography of the School of Geography and the Environment of the University of Oxford. He is also a visiting profess ...

(1968– ), developed circular

cartogram A cartogram (also called a value-area map or an anamorphic map, the latter common among German-speakers) is a thematic map of a set of features (countries, provinces, etc.), in which their geographic size is altered to be directly proportiona ...

s * Marion A. Frieswyk (United States, 1922–2021), first female intelligence cartographer in the

Central Intelligence Agency The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA ), known informally as the Agency and historically as the Company, is a civilian foreign intelligence service of the federal government of the United States, officially tasked with gathering, processing, ...

* Emily Garfield, (1987– ), cartographic artist * Günther Hake (1922–2000) *

Richard Edes Harrison Richard Edes Harrison (March 11, 1901 – January 5, 1994) was an American Technical illustration, scientific illustrator and cartographer. He was the house cartographer of ''Fortune (magazine), Fortune'' and a consultant at Life (magazine), ''Lif ...

(1901–1994) *

Tom Harrisson Major Tom Harnett Harrisson, DSO OBE (26 September 1911 – 16 January 1976) was a British polymath. In the course of his life he was an ornithologist, explorer, journalist, broadcaster, soldier, guerrilla, ethnologist, museum curator, archaeo ...

(1911–1976) * George F. Jenks (1916–1996) * Elrey Borge Jeppesen (1907–1996) * Ingrid Kretschmer (1939–2011) * Toy Lasker (United States, 1919–2011), creator and editor of Flashmaps guidebooks * Edgar Lehmann (1905–1990) *

Kate McLean Catherine McLean known as Kate McLean and later Kate Beaton (6 January 1879 – 21 October 1960) was a British trade unionist and councillor in Glasgow. She led the National Federation of Women Workers (NFWW) and several disputes including the si ...

(United Kingdom) Best known for creating olfactory maps of cities * Jess Miller (United States, 1988– ), artist, photographer, and cartographer of rural

Arkansas Arkansas ( ) is a landlocked state in the South Central United States. It is bordered by Missouri to the north, Tennessee and Mississippi to the east, Louisiana to the south, and Texas and Oklahoma to the west. Its name is from the O ...

Mark Monmonier Mark Stephen Monmonier (born February 2, 1943) is a Distinguished Professor of Geography and the Environment at the Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs of Syracuse University. He specializes in toponymy, geography, and geographi ...

(United States, 1943– ), wrote ''How to Lie with Maps'' and created the Monmonier Algorithm. Distinguished Professor Emeritus,

Syracuse University Syracuse University (informally 'Cuse or SU) is a Private university, private research university in Syracuse, New York. Established in 1870 with roots in the Methodist Episcopal Church, the university has been nonsectarian since 1920. Locate ...

Mark Newman Mark Newman is an English-American physicist and Anatol Rapoport Distinguished University Professor of Physics at the University of Michigan, as well as an external faculty member of the Santa Fe Institute. He is known for his fundamental contri ...

(1968– ), developed area contiguous cartograms using a diffusion-based method * Ruth Rhoads Lepper Gardner (United States, 1905–2011), cartographer of the Maine coast * Rudi Ogrissek (1926–1999) * Rafael Palacios (1905–1993), prolific map-drawer for major US publishers * Phyllis Pearsall (England, 1906–1996), creator of the

Geographers' A–Z Street Atlas The ''Geographers' A–Z Street Atlas'', commonly shortened to ''A–Z'' (pronounced "Ay to Zed"), is a title given to any one of a range of atlases of streets in the United Kingdom produced by Geographers' A–Z Map Company Limited. Its first ...

* Barbara Petchenik (1939–1992), first woman to serve as Vice President of the

International Cartographic Association The International Cartographic Association (ICA) (french: Association Cartographique Internationale, ''ACI''), is an organization formed of national member organizations, to provide a forum for issues and techniques in cartography and geographic ...

Arthur H. Robinson Arthur H. Robinson (January 5, 1915 – October 10, 2004) was an American geographer and cartographer, who was professor in the Geography Department at the University of Wisconsin–Madison from 1947 until he retired in 1980. He was a prolific w ...

(1915–2004), wrote the influential textbook ''Elements of Cartography'' and developed the

Robinson projection The Robinson projection is a map projection of a world map which shows the entire world at once. It was specifically created in an attempt to find a good compromise to the problem of readily showing the whole globe as a flat image. The Robinson ...

* Abbas Sahab (1921–2000), Iranian cartographer, produced the first atlas of the

Persian Gulf The Persian Gulf ( fa, خلیج فارس, translit=xalij-e fârs, lit=Gulf of Fars, ), sometimes called the ( ar, اَلْخَلِيْجُ ٱلْعَرَبِيُّ, Al-Khalīj al-ˁArabī), is a mediterranean sea in Western Asia. The bo ...

Paula Scher Paula Scher (born October 6, 1948, Washington, D.C.) is an American graphic designer, painter and art educator in design. She also served as the first female principal at Pentagram, which she joined in 1991.Scher, Paula." (n.d.): Oxford University ...

(United States, 1948– ), graphic designer, painter * Joni Seagar (United States 1954– ), professor of geography at the

University of Vermont The University of Vermont (UVM), officially the University of Vermont and State Agricultural College, is a public land-grant research university in Burlington, Vermont. It was founded in 1791 and is among the oldest universities in the Unite ...

* Nikolas Schiller (1980– ),

Arabesque The arabesque is a form of artistic decoration consisting of "surface decorations based on rhythmic linear patterns of scrolling and interlacing foliage, tendrils" or plain lines, often combined with other elements. Another definition is "Foli ...

maps composed of kaleidoscopic

aerial photographs Aerial photography (or airborne imagery) is the taking of photographs from an aircraft or other airborne platforms. When taking motion pictures, it is also known as aerial videography. Platforms for aerial photography include fixed-wing aircra ...

* John C. Sherman (1916–1996) *

Jessamine Shumate Ada Jessamine Shumate (born on March 31, 1902, as Ada Jessamine White in Horsepasture, Virginia – died on December 16, 1990, in Greenville, North Carolina) was an American artist, historian and cartographer, winner of the "Award of Distinction" ...

(1902–1990) * Kira B. Shingareva (Russia, 1938–2013), first person to successfully map the dark side of the moon *

John P. Snyder John Parr Snyder (12 April 1926 – 28 April 1997) was an American cartographer most known for his work on map projections for the United States Geological Survey (USGS). Educated at Purdue and MIT as a chemical engineer, he had a lifetime interest ...

(1926–1997), developed the space oblique mercator projection *

Dr. E. Lee Spence Edward Lee Spence (born November 1947) is a pioneer in underwater archaeology who studies shipwrecks and sunken treasure. He is also a published editor and author of non-fiction reference books; a magazine editor (''Diving World'', ''Atlanti ...

(1947– ), pioneer underwater

archaeologist Archaeology or archeology is the scientific study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture. The archaeological record consists of artifacts, architecture, biofacts or ecofacts, sites, and cultural landsca ...

, decorative, historical maps showing shipwreck locations *

Marie Tharp Marie Tharp (July 30, 1920 – August 23, 2006) was an American geologist and oceanographic cartographer. In the 1950s, she collaborated with geologist Bruce Heezen to produce the first scientific map of the Atlantic Ocean floor. Her cartograp ...

(1920–2006), oceanographic cartographer * Norman J. W. Thrower (1919–2002) professor at

UCLA The University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) is a public land-grant research university in Los Angeles, California. UCLA's academic roots were established in 1881 as a teachers college then known as the southern branch of the California ...

and author who was known for work in geography, surveying practices, and history * Waldo R. Tobler (1930–2018), developed the first law of geography * Judith Tyner (United States, 1939– ), professor emerita of geography at

California State University, Long Beach California State University, Long Beach (CSULB) is a public research university in Long Beach, California. The 322-acre campus is the second largest of the 23-school California State University system (CSU) and one of the largest universities ...

* Ludwig von der Vecht (Deutschland, 1854–1919), cartographer of German colonies *

Bradford Washburn Henry Bradford Washburn Jr. (June 7, 1910 – January 10, 2007) was an American explorer, mountaineer, photographer, and cartographer. He established the Boston Museum of Science, served as its director from 1939–1980, and from 1985 until his ...

(1910–2007) * Denis Wood (United States, 1945– ), artist, author, and former professor of design at

North Carolina State University North Carolina State University (NC State) is a public land-grant research university in Raleigh, North Carolina. Founded in 1887 and part of the University of North Carolina system, it is the largest university in the Carolinas. The univers ...

* David Woodward (1942–2004)

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:List of Cartographers

Cartographers Cartography (; from grc, χάρτης , "papyrus, sheet of paper, map"; and , "write") is the study and practice of making and using maps. Combining science, aesthetics and technique, cartography builds on the premise that reality (or an i ...

List of Cartographers