A comprehensive listing of all the bird species confirmed in the

United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territori ...

follows. It includes species from all 50 states and the

District of Columbia ) , image_skyline = , image_caption = Clockwise from top left: the Washington Monument and Lincoln Memorial on the National Mall, United States Capitol, Logan Circle, Jefferson Memorial, White House, Adams Morgan, ...

as of July 2022. Species confirmed in other

U.S. territories Territories of the United States are sub-national administrative divisions overseen by the federal government of the United States. The various American territories differ from the U.S. states and tribal reservations as they are not sover ...

are also included with other "as of" dates. The birds of the continental United States most closely resemble those of

Eurasia Eurasia (, ) is the largest continental area on Earth, comprising all of Europe and Asia. Primarily in the Northern and Eastern Hemispheres, it spans from the British Isles and the Iberian Peninsula in the west to the Japanese archipelago ...

, which was connected to the continent as part of the

supercontinent In geology, a supercontinent is the assembly of most or all of Earth's continental blocks or cratons to form a single large landmass. However, some geologists use a different definition, "a grouping of formerly dispersed continents", which leav ...

Laurasia until around 60 million years ago. Many groups occur throughout the Northern Hemisphere and worldwide. However some groups unique to the

New World The term ''New World'' is often used to mean the majority of Earth's Western Hemisphere, specifically the Americas."America." ''The Oxford Companion to the English Language'' (). McArthur, Tom, ed., 1992. New York: Oxford University Press, p. ...

have also arisen; those represented in the list are the hummingbirds, the

New World vulture The New World vulture or condor family, Cathartidae, contains seven extant species in five genera. It includes five extant vultures and two extant condors found in warm and temperate areas of the Americas. The "New World" vultures were widesprea ...

s, the

New World quail The New World quail are small birds only distantly related to the Old World quail, but named for their similar appearance and habits. The American species are in their own family, the Odontophoridae, whereas Old World quail are in the pheasant ...

, the

tyrant flycatcher The tyrant flycatchers (Tyrannidae) are a family of passerine birds which occur throughout North and South America. They are considered the largest family of birds known to exist in the world, with more than 400 species. They are the most dive ...

s, the

vireo The vireos make up a family, Vireonidae, of small to medium-sized passerine birds found in the New World (Canada to Argentina, including Bermuda and the West Indies) and Southeast Asia. "Vireo" is a Latin word referring to a green migrato ...

s, the

mimid __NOTOC__ The mimids are the New World family of passerine birds, Mimidae, that includes thrashers, mockingbirds, tremblers, and the New World catbirds. As their name (Latin for "mimic") suggests, these birds are notable for their vocalization, ...

s, the

New World warbler The New World warblers or wood-warblers are a group of small, often colorful, passerine birds that make up the family Parulidae and are restricted to the New World. They are not closely related to Old World warblers or Australian warblers. Mos ...

s, the

tanager The tanagers (singular ) comprise the bird family Thraupidae, in the order Passeriformes. The family has a Neotropical distribution and is the second-largest family of birds. It represents about 4% of all avian species and 12% of the Neotropica ...

s, the cardinals, and the icterids. Several common birds in the United States, such as the house sparrow, the

rock pigeon The rock dove, rock pigeon, or common pigeon ( also ; ''Columba livia'') is a member of the bird family Columbidae (doves and pigeons). In common usage, it is often simply referred to as the "pigeon". The domestic pigeon (''Columba livia domes ...

, the

European starling The common starling or European starling (''Sturnus vulgaris''), also known simply as the starling in Great Britain and Ireland, is a medium-sized passerine bird in the starling family, Sturnidae. It is about long and has glossy black plumage ...

, and the mute swan are

introduced species An introduced species, alien species, exotic species, adventive species, immigrant species, foreign species, non-indigenous species, or non-native species is a species living outside its native distributional range, but which has arrived ther ...

, meaning that they are not native to North America, but were brought there by humans. Introduced species are marked as (I). In addition, many non-native species which have individual escapees or small feral populations in North America are not on the list. It is especially true of birds that are commonly held as pets, such as

parrot Parrots, also known as psittacines (), are birds of the roughly 398 species in 92 genera comprising the order Psittaciformes (), found mostly in tropical and subtropical regions. The order is subdivided into three superfamilies: the Psittacoide ...

s and

finch The true finches are small to medium-sized passerine birds in the family Fringillidae. Finches have stout conical bills adapted for eating seeds and nuts and often have colourful plumage. They occupy a great range of habitats where they are usua ...

es. The status of one bird on the list, the

ivory-billed woodpecker The ivory-billed woodpecker (''Campephilus principalis'') is a possibly extinct woodpecker that is native to the bottomland hardwood forests and temperate coniferous forests of the Southern United States and Cuba. Habitat destruction and hunting ...

, is controversial. Until 2005, the bird was widely considered to be extinct. In April of that year, it was reported that at least one adult male bird had been sighted in the Cache River National Wildlife Refuge in

Arkansas Arkansas ( ) is a landlocked state in the South Central United States. It is bordered by Missouri to the north, Tennessee and Mississippi to the east, Louisiana to the south, and Texas and Oklahoma to the west. Its name is from the O ...

. The report, however, has not been universally accepted, and the American Birding Association still lists the ivory-billed woodpecker as extinct.

Hawaii Hawaii ( ; haw, Hawaii or ) is a state in the Western United States, located in the Pacific Ocean about from the U.S. mainland. It is the only U.S. state outside North America, the only state that is an archipelago, and the only state ...

has many

endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found else ...

bird species (such as the Kauaʻi ʻelepaio) that are vulnerable or endangered, and some have become extinct. The number of birds on

Guam Guam (; ch, Guåhan ) is an organized, unincorporated territory of the United States in the Micronesia subregion of the western Pacific Ocean. It is the westernmost point and territory of the United States (reckoned from the geographic cent ...

has been severely reduced by introduced

brown tree snake The brown tree snake (''Boiga irregularis''), also known as the brown catsnake, is an arboreal rear-fanged colubrid snake native to eastern and northern coastal Australia, eastern Indonesia (Sulawesi to Papua), Papua New Guinea, and many islands ...

s — several endemic species on Guam (such as the

Guam flycatcher The Guam flycatcher (''Myiagra freycineti''), or Guam broadbill, is an extinct species of bird in the family Monarchidae formerly endemic to Guam. Taxonomy and systematics Some authorities consider the Guam flycatcher to have been a subspecies o ...

) have become extinct, while others (such as the

Guam rail The Guam rail (''Hypotaenidia owstoni'') is a species of flightless bird, endemic to the United States territory of Guam, where it is known locally as the ''Ko'ko bird. The Guam rail disappeared from southern Guam in the early 1970s and was ext ...

) have become extinct in the wild. Guam rails have since been reintroduced to the wild on Guam and Rota. There are many endemic bird species in

Puerto Rico Puerto Rico (; abbreviated PR; tnq, Boriken, ''Borinquen''), officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico ( es, link=yes, Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico, lit=Free Associated State of Puerto Rico), is a Caribbean island and unincorporated ...

and the

Northern Mariana Islands The Northern Mariana Islands, officially the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI; ch, Sankattan Siha Na Islas Mariånas; cal, Commonwealth Téél Falúw kka Efáng llól Marianas), is an unincorporated territory and commonw ...

, while

American Samoa American Samoa ( sm, Amerika Sāmoa, ; also ' or ') is an unincorporated territory of the United States located in the South Pacific Ocean, southeast of the island country of Samoa. Its location is centered on . It is east of the Internationa ...

has South Pacific bird species (such as the

many-colored fruit dove The many-colored fruit dove (''Ptilinopus perousii''), also known as ''manuma'' in the Samoan language, is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It occurs on islands in the south-west Pacific Ocean where it is found in Fiji, the Samoan Isla ...

) found in no other part of the United States.

Sources and geographic coverage

The majority of this list is derived from the ''Check-list of North and Middle American Birds'', 7th edition through the 63rd Supplement, published by the

American Ornithological Society The American Ornithological Society (AOS) is an ornithological organization based in the United States. The society was formed in October 2016 by the merger of the American Ornithologists' Union (AOU) and the Cooper Ornithological Society. Its m ...

(AOS) and the ''Bird Checklists of the World'' (Avibase). The geographic territory of that source which applies to the article is the 48 contiguous states, the District of Columbia, Alaska, Hawaii, the adjacent islands under the jurisdiction of those states, Puerto Rico, and the American Virgin Islands. The article also includes birds found in the other

(

, the

, and the U.S. Minor Outlying Islands). In total, the list of birds in the article includes bird species found in the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and all U.S. territories. The source for birds in the U.S. territories is the Avibase website: ''Bird checklists of the world (American Samoa)'', ''Bird checklists of the world (Guam)'',https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/checklist.jsp?region=gu&list=clements®ion=umna&list=clements Avibase - Bird Checklists of the World (Guam). Retrieved July 3, 2019. ''Bird checklists of the world (Northern Mariana Islands)'',https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/checklist.jsp?region=mp&list=clements®ion=mp&list=clements ''Bird Checklists of the world (Northern Marianas).'' Avibase. Retrieved July 3, 2019. ''Bird checklists of the world (Puerto Rico)'', ''Bird checklists of the world (United States Virgin Islands)'', and ''Bird Checklists of the world (U.S. Minor Outlying Islands)''. When a bird's presence in the U.S. only occurs within a U.S. territory such as Puerto Rico, the name of the territory is noted alongside the bird's name.

Taxonomy and status

For species found in the 50 states, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands, the taxonomic treatment (designation and sequence of orders, families and species) and nomenclature (common and scientific names) used in the list are those of the AOS, the recognized scientific authority on the taxonomy and nomenclature of North and Middle American birds. However, the common names of families are from the

Clements taxonomy ''The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World'' is a book by Jim Clements which presents a list of the bird species of the world. The most recent printed version is the sixth edition (2007), but has been updated yearly, the last version in 202 ...

because the AOS list does not include them. The AOS's Committee on Classification and Nomenclature, the body responsible for maintaining and updating the ''Check-list'', "strongly and unanimously continues to endorse the

biological species concept The species problem is the set of questions that arises when biologists attempt to define what a species is. Such a definition is called a species concept; there are at least 26 recognized species concepts. A species concept that works well for se ...

(BSC), in which species are considered to be genetically cohesive groups of populations that are reproductively isolated from other such groups". The sequence and names of families and species found in American Samoa, Guam, and the U.S. Minor Outlying Islands follow the

because the AOS does not address those areas.Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, S. M. Billerman, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2019. The eBird/Clements Checklist of Birds of the World: v2019. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/ Retrieved August 15, 2019 Unless otherwise noted, the species listed here are considered to occur regularly in the United States as permanent residents, summer or winter residents or visitors, or annual migrants. The following tags are used to designate some species: *(A) Accidental - occurrence based on one or two (rarely more) records and unlikely to occur regularly *(C) Casual - occurrence based on two or a few records, with subsequent records not improbable *(E) Extinct - a species which no longer exists *(Ex)

Extirpated Local extinction, also known as extirpation, refers to a species (or other taxon) of plant or animal that ceases to exist in a chosen geographic area of study, though it still exists elsewhere. Local extinctions are contrasted with global extinct ...

- a species which no longer occurs in the United States, but other populations still exist elsewhere *(I) Introduced - a species established solely as result of direct or indirect human intervention; synonymous with non-native and non-indigenous *(EH)

Endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found else ...

- a native species found only in Hawaii *(EG) Endemic to

- a native species found only in Guam *(ENM) Endemic to the

- a native species found only in the Northern Mariana Islands *(EP) Endemic to

- a native species found only in Puerto Rico *(EU) Endemic to the U.S. Minor Outlying Islands - a native species found only in the U.S. Minor Outlying Islands *(EM) Endemic to the mainland - a native species found only in the 48 contiguous states, Alaska, and their adjacent islands The (A) and (C) tags correspond to the codes 5 and 4 respectively of the

American Birding Association The American Birding Association (ABA) is a nonprofit organization, founded in 1969, dedicated to recreational birding in Canada and the United States. It has been called "the standard-bearer for serious birding in North America." Originally con ...

. The (E), (Ex), and (I) tags describe species' status according to the AOS. The (EH) tags follow the AOS list and the (EM) tags are based on the Clements taxonomy. Population status symbols are those of the Red List published by the

International Union for Conservation of Nature The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN; officially International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) is an international organization working in the field of nature conservation and sustainable use of nat ...

(IUCN). The symbols apply to the species' worldwide status, not their status solely in the United States except for endemic species. The symbols and their meanings, in increasing order of peril, are: = least concern = near threatened = vulnerable = endangered = critically endangered = extinct in the wild = extinct

By the numbers

This list contains 1125 species found in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Of these 1125, 155 are tagged as accidental, 101 as casual, and 55 as introduced. Thirty-three are known to be extinct and one, the thick-billed parrot, has been extirpated though a population remains in Mexico. Thirty-three living species are endemic to Hawaii; an additional 28 former Hawaiian endemics are known to be extinct and a few others are thought to be. Sixteen species are endemic to the 48 contiguous states and one to Alaska. There are an additional 146 species whose presence in the United States is only within one or more U.S. territories; some of those species have become extinct. The total number of bird species on the list is 1267 (i.e. the 1120 bird species found in the 50 states and District of Columbia, plus the 146 species found only in the U.S. territories). Some of the species found in the 50 states and District of Columbia are also found in the U.S. territories.

Ducks, geese, and waterfowl

Order: AnseriformesFamily:

Anatidae The Anatidae are the biological family of water birds that includes ducks, geese, and swans. The family has a cosmopolitan distribution, occurring on all the world's continents except Antarctica. These birds are adapted for swimming, floating ...

Anatidae includes the ducks and most duck-like waterfowl, such as geese and swans. These birds are adapted to an aquatic existence with webbed feet, bills which are flattened to a greater or lesser extent, and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to special oils. * White-faced whistling-duck, ''Dendrocygna viduata'' (U.S. Virgin Islands) (A) *

Black-bellied whistling-duck The black-bellied whistling duck (''Dendrocygna autumnalis''), formerly called the black-bellied tree duck, is a whistling duck that breeds from the southernmost United States, Mexico, and tropical Central to south-central South America. In the ...

, ''Dendrocygna autumnalis'' *

West Indian whistling-duck The West Indian whistling duck (''Dendrocygna arborea'') is a whistling duck that breeds in the Caribbean. Alternative names are black-billed whistling duck and Cuban whistling duck. Distribution The West Indian whistling duck is widely scatter ...

, ''Dendrocygna arborea'' (Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands) *

Fulvous whistling-duck The fulvous whistling duck or fulvous tree duck (''Dendrocygna bicolor'') is a species of whistling duck that breeds across the world's tropical regions in much of Mexico and South America, the West Indies, the southern United States, sub-Sahar ...

, ''Dendrocygna bicolor'' *

Emperor goose The emperor goose (''Anser canagicus''), also known as the beach goose or the painted goose, is a waterfowl species in the family Anatidae, which contains the ducks, geese, and swans. It is blue-gray in color as an adult and grows to in length. ...

, ''Anser canagica'' *

Snow goose The snow goose (''Anser caerulescens'') is a species of goose native to North America. Both white and dark morphs exist, the latter often known as blue goose. Its name derives from the typically white plumage. The species was previously placed ...

, ''Anser caerulescens'' *

Ross's goose The Ross's goose (''Anser rossii'') is a white goose with black wingtips and a relatively short neck. It is the smallest of the three " white geese" that breed in North America. It is similar in appearance to a white-phase snow goose, but about 4 ...

, ''Anser rossii'' *

Graylag goose The greylag goose or graylag goose (''Anser anser'') is a species of large goose in the waterfowl family Anatidae and the type species of the genus ''Anser''. It has mottled and barred grey and white plumage and an orange beak and pink legs. A ...

, ''Anser anser'' (A) *

Greater white-fronted goose The greater white-fronted goose (''Anser albifrons'') is a species of goose related to the smaller lesser white-fronted goose (''A. erythropus''). It is named for the patch of white feathers bordering the base of its bill, in fact ''albifrons ...

, ''Anser albifrons'' *

Lesser white-fronted goose The lesser white-fronted goose (''Anser erythropus'') is a goose closely related to the larger white-fronted goose (''A. albifrons''). It breeds in the northernmost Palearctic, but it is a scarce breeder in Europe. There is a re-introduction sc ...

, ''Anser erythropus'' (A) *

Taiga bean-goose The taiga bean goose (''Anser fabalis'') is a goose that breeds in northern Europe and Asia. This and the tundra bean goose are recognised as separate species by the American Ornithological Society and the International Ornithologists' Union, bu ...

, ''Anser fabalis'' *

Tundra bean-goose The tundra bean goose (''Anser serrirostris'') is a goose that breeds in northern Siberia. This and the taiga bean goose are recognised as separate species by the American Ornithological Society and International Ornithologists' Union, but are ...

, ''Anser serrirostris'' *

Pink-footed goose The pink-footed goose (''Anser brachyrhynchus'') is a goose which breeds in eastern Greenland, Iceland and Svalbard. It is migratory, wintering in northwest Europe, especially Ireland, Great Britain, the Netherlands, and western Denmark. The nam ...

, ''Anser brachyrhynchus'' (C) * Brant, ''Branta bernicla'' *

Barnacle goose The barnacle goose (''Branta leucopsis'') is a species of goose that belongs to the genus '' Branta'' of black geese, which contains species with largely black plumage, distinguishing them from the grey ''Anser'' species. Despite its superficial ...

, ''Branta leucopsis'' (C) * Cackling goose, ''Branta hutchinsii'' * Canada goose, ''Branta canadensis'' *

Hawaiian goose The nene (''Branta sandvicensis''), also known as the nēnē or the Hawaiian goose, is a species of bird Endemism in birds, endemic to the Hawaiian Islands. The nene is exclusively found in the wild on the islands of Oahu, Maui, Kauai, Kauai, Mo ...

, ''Branta sandvicensis'' (EH) * Mute swan, ''Cygnus olor'' (I) * Black swan, ''Cygnus atratus'' (I) *

Trumpeter swan The trumpeter swan (''Cygnus buccinator'') is a species of swan found in North America. The heaviest living bird native to North America, it is also the largest extant species of waterfowl, with a wingspan of 185 to 250 cm (6 ft 2 in to 8 ft 2 ...

, ''Cygnus buccinator'' *

Tundra swan The tundra swan (''Cygnus columbianus'') is a small swan of the Holarctic. The two taxa within it are usually regarded as conspecific, but are also sometimes split into two species: Bewick's swan (''Cygnus bewickii'') of the Palaearctic and th ...

, ''Cygnus columbianus'' *

Whooper swan The whooper swan ( /ˈhuːpə(ɹ) swɒn/) (''Cygnus cygnus''), also known as the common swan, pronounced ''hooper swan'', is a large northern hemisphere swan. It is the Eurasian counterpart of the North American trumpeter swan, and the type speci ...

, ''Cygnus cygnus'' *

Egyptian goose The Egyptian goose (''Alopochen aegyptiaca'') is a member of the duck, goose, and swan family Anatidae. It is native to Africa south of the Sahara and the Nile Valley. Egyptian geese were considered sacred by the Ancient Egyptians, and appear ...

, ''Alopochen aegyptiaca'' (I) * Common shelduck, ''Tadorna tadorna'' (C) *

Muscovy duck The Muscovy duck (''Cairina moschata'') is a large duck native to the Americas, from the Rio Grande Valley of Texas and Mexico south to Argentina and Uruguay. Small wild and feral breeding populations have established themselves in the United St ...

, ''Cairina moschata'' *

Wood duck The wood duck or Carolina duck (''Aix sponsa'') is a species of perching duck found in North America. The drake wood duck is one of the most colorful North American waterfowl. Description The wood duck is a medium-sized perching duck. A ty ...

, ''Aix sponsa'' *

Baikal teal The Baikal teal (''Sibirionetta formosa''), also called the bimaculate duck or squawk duck, is a dabbling duck that breeds in eastern Russia and winters in East Asia. Taxonomy The first formal description of the Baikal teal was by the German ...

, ''Sibirionetta formosa'' (C) *

Garganey The garganey (''Spatula querquedula'') is a small dabbling duck. It breeds in much of Europe and across the Palearctic, but is strictly migratory, with the entire population moving to southern Africa, India (in particular Santragachi), Banglades ...

, ''Spatula querquedula'' (C) *

Blue-winged teal The blue-winged teal (''Spatula discors'') is a species of bird in the duck, goose, and swan family Anatidae. One of the smaller members of the dabbling duck group, it occurs in North America, where it breeds from southern Alaska to Nova Scoti ...

, ''Spatula discors'' *

Cinnamon teal The cinnamon teal (''Spatula cyanoptera'') is a species of duck found in western North and South America. It is a small dabbling duck, with bright reddish plumage on the male and duller brown plumage on the female. It lives in marshes and ponds ...

, ''Spatula cyanoptera'' *

Northern shoveler The northern shoveler (; ''Spatula clypeata''), known simply in Britain as the shoveler, is a common and widespread duck. It breeds in northern areas of Europe and across the Palearctic and across most of North America, wintering in southern E ...

, ''Spatula clypeata'' * Gadwall, ''Mareca strepera'' *

Falcated duck The falcated duck or falcated teal (''Mareca falcata'') is a gadwall-sized dabbling duck from the east Palearctic (East Siberia and Mongolia to North Japan; wintering to India). Taxonomy The closest relative of this species is the gadwall, follo ...

, ''Mareca falcata'' (C) *

Eurasian wigeon The Eurasian wigeon or European wigeon (''Mareca penelope''), also known as the widgeon or the wigeon, is one of three species of wigeon in the dabbling duck genus ''Mareca''. It is common and widespread within its Palearctic range. Taxonomy Th ...

, ''Mareca penelope'' *

American wigeon The American wigeon (''Mareca americana''), also known as the baldpate, is a species of dabbling duck found in North America. Formerly assigned to ''Anas'', this species is classified with the other wigeons in the dabbling duck genus '' Mareca'' ...

, ''Mareca americana'' *

Pacific black duck The Pacific black duck (''Anas superciliosa''), commonly known as the PBD, is a dabbling duck found in much of Indonesia, New Guinea, Australia, New Zealand, and many islands in the southwestern Pacific, reaching to the Caroline Islands in the no ...

, ''Anas superciliosa'' (American Samoa) *

Laysan duck The Laysan duck (''Anas laysanensis''), also known as the Laysan teal, is a dabbling duck endemic to the Hawaiian Islands. Fossil evidence reveals that Laysan ducks once lived across the entire archipelago, but today survive only on Laysan Is ...

, ''Anas laysanensis'' (EH) *

Hawaiian duck The Hawaiian duck (''Anas wyvilliana'') or koloa is a species of bird in the family Anatidae that is endemic to the large islands of Hawaii. Taxonomically, the koloa is closely allied with the mallard (''A. platyrhynchos''). It differs in that i ...

, ''Anas wyvilliana'' (EH) * Eastern spot-billed duck, ''Anas zonorhyncha'' (C) * Mallard, ''Anas platyrhynchos'' *

Mexican duck The Mexican duck (''Anas diazi'') is a species of dabbling duck that breeds in Mexico and the southwestern United States. Distribution and habitat Most of the population is resident, but some northern birds migrate south to Mexico in winter. T ...

, ''Anas diazi'' (not yet assessed by the IUCN) *

American black duck The American black duck (''Anas rubripes'') is a large dabbling duck in the family Anatidae. It was described by William Brewster in 1902. It is the heaviest species in the genus ''Anas'', weighing on average and measuring in length with an ...

, ''Anas rubripes'' *

Mottled duck The mottled duck (''Anas fulvigula'') or mottled mallard is a medium-sized species of dabbling duck. It is intermediate in appearance between the female mallard and the American black duck. It is closely related to those species, and is sometime ...

, ''Anas fulvigula'' *

White-cheeked pintail The white-cheeked pintail (''Anas bahamensis''), also known as the Bahama pintail or summer duck, is a species of dabbling duck. It was first described by Carl Linnaeus in his landmark 1758 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'' under its current ...

, ''Anas bahamensis'' (C) *

Northern pintail The pintail or northern pintail (''Anas acuta'') is a duck species with wide geographic distribution that breeds in the northern areas of Europe and across the Palearctic and North America. It is migratory and winters south of its breeding ...

, ''Anas acuta'' *

Green-winged teal The green-winged teal (''Anas carolinensis'') is a common and widespread duck that breeds in the northern areas of North America except on the Aleutian Islands. It was considered conspecific with the Eurasian teal (''A. crecca'') for some time, ...

, ''Anas crecca'' *

Canvasback The canvasback (''Aythya valisineria'') is a species of diving duck, the largest found in North America. Taxonomy Scottish-American naturalist Alexander Wilson described the canvasback in 1814. The genus name is derived from Greek ''aithuia'', ...

, ''Aythya valisineria'' *

Redhead Red hair (also known as orange hair and ginger hair) is a hair color found in one to two percent of the human population, appearing with greater frequency (two to six percent) among people of Northern or Northwestern European ancestry and ...

, ''Aythya americana'' *

Common pochard The common pochard (; ''Aythya ferina'') is a medium-sized diving duck. The scientific name is derived from Greek '' aithuia'', an unidentified seabird mentioned by authors including Hesychius and Aristotle, and Latin ''ferina'', "wild game", ...

, ''Aythya ferina'' *

Ring-necked duck The ring-necked duck (''Aythya collaris'') is a diving duck from North America commonly found in freshwater ponds and lakes. The scientific name is derived from Greek , an unidentified seabird mentioned by authors including Hesychius and Arist ...

, ''Aythya collaris'' *

Tufted duck The tufted duck or tufted pochard (''Aythya fuligula'') is a small diving duck with a population of close to one million birds, found in northern Eurasia. The scientific name is derived from Ancient Greek '' aithuia'', an unidentified seabird ment ...

, ''Aythya fuligula'' (A) *

Greater scaup The greater scaup (''Aythya marila''), just scaup in Europe or, colloquially, "bluebill" in North America, is a mid-sized diving duck, larger than the closely related lesser scaup. It spends the summer months breeding in Alaska, northern Canad ...

, ''Aythya marila'' *

Lesser scaup The lesser scaup (''Aythya affinis'') is a small North American diving duck that migrates south as far as Central America in winter. It is colloquially known as the little bluebill or broadbill because of its distinctive blue bill. The origin of ...

, ''Aythya affinis'' *

Steller's eider Steller's eider (''Polysticta stelleri'') is a migrating Arctic diving duck that breeds along the coastlines of eastern Russia and Alaska. It is the rarest, smallest, and fastest flying of the eider species. Amongst the Inupiat, Steller's eider is ...

, ''Polysticta stelleri'' (A) *

Spectacled eider The spectacled eider (pronounced ) (''Somateria fischeri'') is a large sea duck that breeds on the coasts of Alaska and northeastern Siberia. The spectacled eider is slightly smaller than the common eider at 52–57 cm (20–22 inches) in l ...

, ''Somateria fischeri'' (A) *

King eider The king eider (pronounced ) (''Somateria spectabilis'') is a large sea duck that breeds along Northern Hemisphere Arctic coasts of northeast Europe, North America and Asia. The birds spend most of the year in coastal marine ecosystems at high la ...

, ''Somateria spectabilis'' *

Common eider The common eider (pronounced ) (''Somateria mollissima''), also called St. Cuthbert's duck or Cuddy's duck, is a large ( in body length) sea-duck that is distributed over the northern coasts of Europe, North America and eastern Siberia. It breed ...

, ''Somateria mollissima'' *

Harlequin duck The harlequin duck (''Histrionicus histrionicus'') is a small sea duck. It takes its name from Harlequin (French ''Arlequin'', Italian ''Arlecchino''), a colourfully dressed character in Commedia dell'arte. The species name comes from the Latin ...

, ''Histrionicus histrionicus'' *

Labrador duck The Labrador duck (''Camptorhynchus labradorius'') was a North American bird; it has the distinction of being the first known endemic North American bird species to become extinct after the Columbian Exchange, with the last known sighting occurri ...

, ''Camptorhynchus labradorius'' (E) *

Surf scoter The surf scoter (''Melanitta perspicillata'') is a large sea duck native to North America. Adult males are almost entirely black with characteristic white patches on the forehead and the nape and adult females are slightly smaller and browner. Su ...

, ''Melanitta perspicillata'' *

Velvet scoter The velvet scoter (''Melanitta fusca''), also called a velvet duck,Buczacki, Stefan (2005) ''Fauna Britannica'', Hamlyn, London. is a large sea duck, which breeds over the far north of Europe and the Palearctic west of the Yenisey basin. The gen ...

, ''Melanitta fusca'' *

White-winged scoter The white-winged scoter (''Melanitta deglandi'') is a large sea duck. The genus name is derived from Ancient Greek ''melas'' "black" and ''netta'' "duck". The species name commemorates French ornithologist Côme Damien Degland. Description The ...

, ''Melanitta deglandi'' *

Stejneger's scoter Stejneger's scoter (''Melanitta stejnegeri''), also known as the Siberian scoter, is a large sea duck. The genus name is derived from Ancient Greek ''melas'' "black" and ''netta'' "duck". Taxonomy Stejneger's scoter was described by the America ...

, ''Melanitta stejnegeri'' *

Common scoter The common scoter (''Melanitta nigra'') is a large sea duck, in length, which breeds over the far north of Europe and the Palearctic east to the Olenyok River. The genus name is derived from Ancient Greek ''melas'', "black", and ''netta'', "du ...

, ''Melanitta nigra'' *

Black scoter The black scoter or American scoter (''Melanitta americana'') is a large sea duck, in length. The genus name is derived from Ancient Greek ''melas'' "black" and ''netta'' "duck". The species name is from the Latin for "American ". Together wi ...

, ''Melanitta americana'' *

Long-tailed duck The long-tailed duck (''Clangula hyemalis''), formerly known as oldsquaw, is a medium-sized sea duck that breeds in the tundra and taiga regions of the arctic and winters along the northern coastlines of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. It is th ...

, ''Clangula hyemalis'' * Bufflehead, ''Bucephala albeola'' *

Common goldeneye The common goldeneye or simply goldeneye (''Bucephala clangula'') is a medium-sized sea duck of the genus ''Bucephala'', the goldeneyes. Its closest relative is the similar Barrow's goldeneye. The genus name is derived from the Ancient Greek ...

, ''Bucephala clangula'' *

Barrow's goldeneye Barrow's goldeneye (''Bucephala islandica'') is a medium-sized sea duck of the genus '' Bucephala'', the goldeneyes. This bird was named after Sir John Barrow. The genus name is derived from Ancient Greek ''boukephalos'', "bullheaded", from ''bou ...

, ''Bucephala islandica'' * Smew, ''Mergellus albellus'' (A) *

Hooded merganser The hooded merganser (''Lophodytes cucullatus'') is a species of merganser. It is the only extant species in the genus ''Lophodytes''. The genus name derives from the Greek language: ''lophos'' meaning 'crest', and ''dutes'' meaning 'diver'. The ...

, ''Lophodytes cucullatus'' *

Common merganser The common merganser (North American) or goosander (Eurasian) (''Mergus merganser'') is a large seaduck of rivers and lakes in forested areas of Europe, Asia, and North America. The common merganser eats mainly fish. It nests in holes in trees. ...

, ''Mergus merganser'' *

Red-breasted merganser The red-breasted merganser (''Mergus serrator'') is a diving duck, one of the sawbills. The genus name is a Latin word used by Pliny and other Roman authors to refer to an unspecified waterbird, and ''serrator'' is a sawyer from Latin ''serra' ...

, ''Mergus serrator'' *

Masked duck The masked duck (''Nomonyx dominicus'') is a tiny stiff-tailed duck ranging through the tropical Americas. They are found from Mexico to South America and also in the Caribbean. Primarily not migratory, masked ducks are reported as very uncommo ...

, ''Nomonyx dominicus'' *

Ruddy duck The ruddy duck (''Oxyura jamaicensis'') is a duck from North America and one of the stiff-tailed ducks. The genus name is derived from Ancient Greek ''oxus'', "sharp", and ''oura'', "tail", and ''jamaicensis'' is "from Jamaica". Taxonomy The r ...

, ''Oxyura jamaicensis''

Megapodes

Order:

Galliformes Galliformes is an order of heavy-bodied ground-feeding birds that includes turkeys, chickens, quail, and other landfowl. Gallinaceous birds, as they are called, are important in their ecosystems as seed dispersers and predators, and are ofte ...

Family:

Megapodiidae The megapodes, also known as incubator birds or mound-builders, are stocky, medium-large, chicken-like birds with small heads and large feet in the family Megapodiidae. Their name literally means "large foot" and is a reference to the heavy legs ...

The Megapodiidae are stocky, medium-large chicken-like birds with small heads and large feet. All but the malleefowl occupy jungle habitats and most have brown or black coloring. * Micronesian scrubfowl, ''Megapodius laperouse'' (Northern Mariana Islands; extirpated from Guam)

Guans, chachalacas, and curassows

Order:

Family:

Cracidae The chachalacas, guans and curassows are birds in the family Cracidae. These are species of tropical and subtropical Central and South America. The range of one species, the plain chachalaca, just reaches southernmost parts of Texas in the Unite ...

The chachalacas, guans, and curassows are birds in the family Cracidae. These are large birds, similar in general appearance to turkeys. The guans and curassows live in trees, but the smaller chachalacas are found in more open scrubby habitats. They are generally dull-plumaged, but the curassows and some guans have colorful facial ornaments. * Plain chachalaca, ''Ortalis vetula''

New World quail

Order:

Family:

Odontophoridae The New World quail are small birds only distantly related to the Old World quail, but named for their similar appearance and habits. The American species are in their own family, the Odontophoridae, whereas Old World quail are in the pheasant ...

The New World quails are small, plump terrestrial birds only distantly related to the quails of the Old World, but named for their similar appearance and habits. * Mountain quail, ''Oreortyx pictus'' *

Northern bobwhite The northern bobwhite (''Colinus virginianus''), also known as the Virginia quail or (in its home range) bobwhite quail, is a ground-dwelling bird native to Canada, the United States, Mexico, and Cuba, with introduced populations elsewhere in th ...

, ''Colinus virginianus'' *

Crested bobwhite The crested bobwhite (''Colinus cristatus'') is a species of bird in the family Odontophoridae. It is found in northern South America, extending through Panama to just reach Costa Rica. It also occurs on Aruba and the Netherlands Antilles. Its ...

, ''Colinus cristatus'' (U.S. Virgin Islands) (Ex) (I) *

Scaled quail The scaled quail (''Callipepla squamata''), also commonly called blue quail or cottontop, is a species of the New World quail family. It is a bluish gray bird found in the arid regions of the Southwestern United States to Central Mexico. This sp ...

, ''Callipepla squamata'' *

California quail The California quail (''Callipepla californica''), also known as the California valley quail or Valley quail, is a small ground-dwelling bird in the New World quail family. These birds have a curving crest or '' plume'', made of six feathers, tha ...

, ''Callipepla californica'' *

Gambel's quail Gambel's quail (''Callipepla gambelii'') is a small ground-dwelling bird in the New World quail family. It inhabits the desert regions of Arizona, California, Colorado, New Mexico, Nevada, Utah, Texas, and Sonora; also New Mexico-border Chihuahu ...

, ''Callipepla gambelii'' *

Montezuma quail The Montezuma quail (''Cyrtonyx montezumae'') is a stubby, secretive New World quail of Mexico and some nearby parts of the United States. It is also known as Mearns's quail, the harlequin quail (for the male's striking pattern), and the fool q ...

, ''Cyrtonyx montezumae''

Pheasants, grouse, and allies

Order:

Family: Phasianidae Phasianidae consists of the pheasants and their allies. These are terrestrial species, variable in size but generally plump with broad relatively short wings. Many species are gamebirds or have been domesticated as a food source for humans. *

Wild turkey The wild turkey (''Meleagris gallopavo'') is an upland ground bird native to North America, one of two extant species of turkey and the heaviest member of the order Galliformes. It is the ancestor to the domestic turkey, which was originally d ...

, ''Meleagris gallopavo'' *

Ruffed grouse The ruffed grouse (''Bonasa umbellus'') is a medium-sized grouse occurring in forests from the Appalachian Mountains across Canada to Alaska. It is the most widely distributed game bird in North America. It is non-migratory. It is the only specie ...

, ''Bonasa umbellus'' *

Spruce grouse The spruce grouse (''Canachites canadensis''), also known as Canada grouse, spruce hen or fool hen, is a medium-sized grouse closely associated with the coniferous boreal forests or taiga of North America. It is the only member of the genus ''C ...

, ''Canachites canadensis'' *

Willow ptarmigan The willow ptarmigan () (''Lagopus lagopus'') is a bird in the grouse subfamily Tetraoninae of the pheasant family Phasianidae. It is also known as the willow grouse and in Ireland and Britain, where the subspecies '' L. l. scotica'' was prev ...

, ''Lagopus lagopus'' *

Rock ptarmigan The rock ptarmigan (''Lagopus muta'') is a medium-sized game bird in the grouse family. It is known simply as the ptarmigan in the UK. It is the official bird for the Canadian territory of Nunavut, where it is known as the ''aqiggiq'' (ᐊᕿ� ...

, ''Lagopus muta'' *

White-tailed ptarmigan The white-tailed ptarmigan (''Lagopus leucura''), also known as the snow quail, is the smallest bird in the grouse family. It is a permanent resident of high altitudes on or above the tree line and is native to Alaska and the mountainous parts ...

, ''Lagopus leucura'' *

Greater sage-grouse The greater sage-grouse (''Centrocercus urophasianus''), also known as the sagehen, is the largest grouse (a type of bird) in North America. Its range is sagebrush country in the western United States and southern Alberta and Saskatchewan, Canad ...

, ''Centrocercus urophasianus'' * Gunnison sage-grouse, ''Centrocercus minimus'' (EM) *

Dusky grouse The dusky grouse (''Dendragapus obscurus'') is a species of forest-dwelling grouse native to the Rocky Mountains in North America.del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., & Sargatal, J., eds. (1994). ''Handbook of the Birds of the World'' 2: 401-402. Lynx Edi ...

, ''Dendragapus obscurus'' *

Sooty grouse The sooty grouse (''Dendragapus fuliginosus'') is a species of forest-dwelling grouse native to North America's Pacific Coast Ranges.del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., & Sargatal, J., eds. (1994). ''Handbook of the Birds of the World'' 2: 401-402. Lynx ...

, ''Dendragapus fuliginosus'' *

Sharp-tailed grouse The sharp-tailed grouse (''Tympanuchus phasianellus''), also known as the sharptail or fire grouse, is a medium-sized prairie grouse. One of three species in the genus '' Tympanuchus'', the sharp-tailed grouse is found throughout Alaska, much of ...

, ''Tympanuchus phasianellus'' *

Greater prairie-chicken The greater prairie chicken or pinnated grouse (''Tympanuchus cupido''), sometimes called a boomer,Friederici, Peter (July 20, 1989)"The Last Prairie Chickens" ''Chicago Reader''. Retrieved August 27, 2014.（Chinese 中文：帕艺明彩大凤� ...

, ''Tympanuchus cupido'' (EM) *

Lesser prairie-chicken The lesser prairie chicken (''Tympanuchus pallidicinctus'') is a species in the grouse family. Description It is a medium to large bird, striped white and brown, slightly smaller and paler than its near relative the greater prairie chicken (''T. ...

, ''Tympanuchus pallidicinctus'' (EM) * Gray partridge, ''Perdix perdix'' (I) *

Ring-necked pheasant The common pheasant (''Phasianus colchicus'') is a bird in the pheasant family (Phasianidae). The genus name comes from Latin ''phasianus'', "pheasant". The species name ''colchicus'' is Latin for "of Colchis" (modern day Georgia), a country on ...

, ''Phasianus colchicus'' (I) *

Kalij pheasant The kalij pheasant (''Lophura leucomelanos'') is a pheasant found in forests and thickets, especially in the Himalayan foothills, from Pakistan to western Thailand. Males are rather variable depending on the subspecies involved, but all have at ...

, ''Lophura leucomelanos'' (I) *

Indian peafowl The Indian peafowl (''Pavo cristatus''), also known as the common peafowl, and blue peafowl, is a peafowl species native to the Indian subcontinent. It has been introduced to many other countries. Male peafowl are referred to as peacocks, and ...

, ''Pavo cristatus'' (I) *

Gray francolin The grey francolin (''Ortygornis pondicerianus''), also known as "manu moa" or "chicken bird", is a species of francolin found in the plains and drier parts of the Indian subcontinent and Iran. This species was formerly also called the grey partr ...

, ''Ortygornis pondicerianus'' (I) * Black francolin, ''Francolinus francolinus'' (I) *

Red junglefowl The red junglefowl (''Gallus gallus'') is a tropical bird in the family Phasianidae. It ranges across much of Southeast Asia and parts of South Asia. It was formerly known as the Bankiva or Bankiva Fowl. It is the species that gave rise to the ...

, ''Gallus gallus'' (I) (All U.S. territories — AS, GU, MP, PR, VI, UM) * Himalayan snowcock, ''Tetraogallus himalayensis'' (I) * Chukar, ''Alectoris chukar'' (I) *

Erckel's francolin Erckel's spurfowl (''Pternistis erckelii''), also known as Erckel's francolin, is a species of game bird in the family Phasianidae. Taxonomy Erckel's spurfowl was described in 1935 by the German naturalist Eduard Rüppell from specimens collect ...

, ''Pternistis erckelii'' (I) * Blue-breasted quail, ''Synoicus chinensis'' (Guam) (I) *

Japanese quail The Japanese quail (''Coturnix japonica''), also known as the coturnix quail, is a species of Old World quail found in East Asia. First considered a subspecies of the common quail, it is now considered as a separate species. The Japanese quail ...

, ''Coturnix japonica'' (I)

Flamingos

Order:

Phoenicopteriformes Phoenicopteriformes is a group of water birds which comprises flamingos and their extinct relatives. Flamingos (Phoenicopteriformes) and the closely related grebes ( Podicipedidae) are contained in the parent clade Mirandornithes. Fossil re ...

Family:

Phoenicopteridae Flamingos or flamingoes are a type of wading bird in the family Phoenicopteridae, which is the only extant family in the order Phoenicopteriformes. There are four flamingo species distributed throughout the Americas (including the Caribbean ...

Flamingos are gregarious wading birds, usually tall, found in both the Western and Eastern Hemispheres. Flamingos filter-feed on shellfish and algae. Their oddly shaped beaks are specially adapted to separate mud and silt from the food they consume and, uniquely, are used upside-down. *

American flamingo The American flamingo (''Phoenicopterus ruber'') is a large species of flamingo closely related to the greater flamingo and Chilean flamingo native to the Neotropics. It was formerly considered conspecific with the greater flamingo, but that tre ...

, ''Phoenicopterus ruber''

Grebes

Order: PodicipediformesFamily: Podicipedidae Grebes are small to medium-large freshwater diving birds. They have lobed toes and are excellent swimmers and divers. However, they have their feet placed far back on the body, making them quite ungainly on land. *

Least grebe The least grebe (''Tachybaptus dominicus''), an aquatic bird, is the smallest member of the grebe family. It occurs in the New World from the southwestern United States and Mexico to Argentina, and also on Trinidad and Tobago, the Bahamas and the ...

, ''Tachybaptus dominicus'' *

Little grebe The little grebe (''Tachybaptus ruficollis''), also known as dabchick, is a member of the grebe family of water birds. The genus name is from Ancient Greek ''takhus'' "fast" and ''bapto'' "to sink under". The specific ''ruficollis'' is from Lati ...

, ''Tachybaptus ruficollis'' (Northern Mariana Islands) (A) *

Pied-billed grebe The pied-billed grebe (''Podilymbus podiceps'') is a species of the grebe family of water birds. Because the Atitlán grebe (''Podilymbus gigas'') has become extinct, the Pied-Billed Grebe is now the sole extant member of the genus ''Podilymbus'' ...

, ''Podilymbus podiceps'' *

Horned grebe The horned grebe or Slavonian grebe (''Podiceps auritus'') is a relatively small waterbird in the family Podicipedidae. There are two known subspecies: ''P. a. auritus'', which breeds in the Palearctic, and ''P. a. cornutus'', which breeds in ...

, ''Podiceps auritus'' *

Red-necked grebe The red-necked grebe (''Podiceps grisegena'') is a migratory aquatic bird found in the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere. Its wintering habitat is largely restricted to calm waters just beyond the waves around ocean coasts, although ...

, ''Podiceps grisegena'' * Eared grebe, ''Podiceps nigricollis'' *

Western grebe The western grebe (''Aechmophorus occidentalis'') is a species in the grebe family of water birds. Folk names include "dabchick", "swan grebe" and "swan-necked grebe". Western grebe fossils from the Late Pleistocene of southwest North America ...

, ''Aechmophorus occidentalis'' *

Clark's grebe Clark's grebe (''Aechmophorus clarkii'') is a North American waterbird species in the grebe family. Until the 1980s, it was thought to be a pale Polymorphism (biology), morph of the western grebe, which it resembles in size, range, and behavior. ...

, ''Aechmophorus clarkii''

Sandgrouse

Order:

Pterocliformes Sandgrouse is the common name for Pteroclidae , a family (biology), family of sixteen species of bird, members of the order Pterocliformes . They are traditionally placed in two Genus, genera. The two central Asian species are classified as ''Sy ...

Family:

Pteroclidae Sandgrouse is the common name for Pteroclidae , a family of sixteen species of bird, members of the order Pterocliformes . They are traditionally placed in two genera. The two central Asian species are classified as '' Syrrhaptes'' and the othe ...

Sandgrouse have small pigeon-like heads and necks, but sturdy compact bodies. They have long pointed wings and sometimes tails and a fast direct flight. Their legs are feathered down to the toes. * Chestnut-bellied sandgrouse, ''Pterocles exustus'' (I)

Pigeons and doves

Order:

Columbiformes Columbidae () is a bird family consisting of doves and pigeons. It is the only family in the order Columbiformes. These are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills that in some species feature fleshy ceres. They primarily ...

Family:

Columbidae Columbidae () is a bird family consisting of doves and pigeons. It is the only family in the order Columbiformes. These are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills that in some species feature fleshy ceres. They primarily ...

Pigeons and doves are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy cere. They feed on

seed A seed is an embryonic plant enclosed in a protective outer covering, along with a food reserve. The formation of the seed is a part of the process of reproduction in seed plants, the spermatophytes, including the gymnosperm and angiospe ...

fruit In botany, a fruit is the seed-bearing structure in flowering plants that is formed from the ovary after flowering. Fruits are the means by which flowering plants (also known as angiosperms) disseminate their seeds. Edible fruits in particu ...

, and plants. Unlike most other birds, the doves and pigeons produce "

crop milk Crop milk is a secretion from the lining of the crop of parent birds that is regurgitated to young birds. It is found among all pigeons and doves where it is referred to as pigeon milk. An analog to crop milk is also secreted from the esopha ...

," which is secreted by a sloughing of fluid-filled cells from the lining of the

crop A crop is a plant that can be grown and harvested extensively for profit or subsistence. When the plants of the same kind are cultivated at one place on a large scale, it is called a crop. Most crops are cultivated in agriculture or hydropon ...

. Both sexes produce the highly nutritious substance to feed to the young. *

Rock pigeon The rock dove, rock pigeon, or common pigeon ( also ; ''Columba livia'') is a member of the bird family Columbidae (doves and pigeons). In common usage, it is often simply referred to as the "pigeon". The domestic pigeon (''Columba livia domes ...

, ''Columba livia'' (I) *

Scaly-naped pigeon The scaly-naped pigeon (''Patagioenas squamosa''), also known as the red-necked pigeon, is a bird belonging to the family Columbidae. The species occurs throughout the Caribbean. Description The scaly-naped pigeon is a large slate grey pige ...

, ''Patagioenas squamosa'' (A) *

White-crowned pigeon The white-crowned pigeon (''Patagioenas leucocephala'') is a fruit and seed-eating species of bird in the dove and pigeon family Columbidae. It is found primarily in the Caribbean. John James Audubon painted these pigeons, including the waterco ...

, ''Patagioenas leucocephala'' *

Red-billed pigeon The red-billed pigeon (''Patagioenas flavirostris'') is a relatively large, robust species of pigeon. It's breeding range extends from southern Texas, United States, to Costa Rica. It's primarily found throughout coastal and lowland areas of Mex ...

, ''Patagioenas flavirostris'' *

Plain pigeon The plain pigeon (''Patagioenas inornata'') is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is found in the four Greater Antilles: Cuba, Hispaniola (in the Dominican Republic and Haiti), Jamaica, and Puerto Rico. Its natural habitats are fores ...

, ''Patagioenas inornata'' (Puerto Rico) *

Band-tailed pigeon The band-tailed pigeon (''Patagioenas fasciata'') is a medium-sized bird of the Americas. Its closest relatives are the Chilean pigeon and the ring-tailed pigeon, which form a clade of ''Patagioenas'' with a terminal tail band and iridescent p ...

, ''Patagioenas fasciata'' *

European turtle-dove The European turtle dove (''Streptopelia turtur'') is a member of the bird family Columbidae, the doves and pigeons. It breeds over a wide area of the south western Palearctic including north Africa but migrates to northern sub-Saharan Africa t ...

''Streptopelia turtur'' (Single vagrant record in 2001) . * Oriental turtle-dove, ''Streptopelia orientalis'' (C) *

Philippine collared-dove The Philippine collared dove (''Streptopelia dusumieri'') is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It was formerly considered a subspecies of the island collared dove (''S. bitorquata''). The species occurs in the Philippines where it is ...

, ''Streptopelia dusumieri'' (Guam, Northern Mariana Islands) (I) *

Eurasian collared-dove The Eurasian collared dove (''Streptopelia decaocto'') is a dove species native to Europe and Asia; it was introduced to Japan, North America and islands in the Caribbean. Because of its vast global range and increasing population trend, it ha ...

, ''Streptopelia decaocto'' (I) * African collared-dove, ''Streptopelia roseogrisea'' (Puerto Rico) (I) * Spotted dove, ''Spilopelia chinensis'' (I) * Shy ground-dove, ''Alopecoenas stairi'' (American Samoa) *

White-throated ground-dove The white-throated ground dove (''Pampusana xanthonura'') is a species of ground dove in the genus '' Gallicolumba''. It is classified as near-threatened. This species was formerly in the genus ''Alopecoenas'' Sharpe, 1899, but the name of the ...

, ''Alopecoenas xanthonurus'' (Guam, Northern Mariana Islands) *

Diamond dove The diamond dove (''Geopelia cuneata'') is a resident bird in Australia. The dove predominantly exists in areas near water but which are lightly arid or semi-arid in nature, being Central, West and Northern Australia. They are one of Australia's ...

, ''Geopelia cuneata'' (Puerto Rico) (I) * Zebra dove, ''Geopelia striata'' (I) *

Passenger pigeon The passenger pigeon or wild pigeon (''Ectopistes migratorius'') is an extinct species of pigeon that was endemic to North America. Its common name is derived from the French word ''passager'', meaning "passing by", due to the migratory habits ...

, ''Ectopistes migratorius'' (E) *

Inca dove The Inca dove or Mexican dove (''Columbina inca'') is a small New World dove. The species was first described by French surgeon and naturalist René Lesson in 1847. It reaches a length of and weighs . The Inca dove has an average wingspan of 2 ...

, ''Columbina inca'' *

Common ground dove The common ground dove (''Columbina passerina'') is a small bird that inhabits the southern United States, parts of Central America, the Caribbean and northern South America. It is considered to be the smallest dove that inhabits the United State ...

, ''Columbina passerina'' *

Ruddy ground dove The ruddy ground dove (''Columbina talpacoti'') is a small New World tropical dove. It is a resident breeder from Mexico south to Brazil, Peru and Paraguay, and northern Argentina, and on Trinidad and Tobago. Individual birds can sometimes be see ...

, ''Columbina talpacoti'' *

Ruddy quail-dove The ruddy quail-dove (''Geotrygon montana'') is a species of bird in the dove and pigeon family Columbidae. It breeds throughout the West Indies, Central America, and tropical South America. It has appeared as a vagrant in Florida and southern Te ...

, ''Geotrygon montana'' (A) *

Key West quail-dove The Key West quail-dove (''Geotrygon chrysia'') is a species of bird from the doves and pigeon family Columbidae. It is probably most closely related to the bridled quail-dove.Baptista, L.F., Trail, P.W., Horblit, H.M., Kirwan, G.M. & Boesman, P ...

, ''Geotrygon chrysia'' (C) *

Bridled quail-dove The bridled quail-dove (''Geotrygon mystacea'') is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is found from Saint Lucia in the Lesser Antilles north and west to Puerto Rico.Boal, C. W. (2020). Bridled Quail-Dove (''Geotrygon mystacea''), ve ...

, ''Geotrygon mystacea'' (Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands) (A) * White-tipped dove, ''Leptotila verreauxi'' *

White-winged dove The white-winged dove (''Zenaida asiatica'') is a dove whose native range extends from the Southwestern United States through Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean. They are large for doves, and can be distinguished from similar doves by th ...

, ''Zenaida asiatica'' *

Zenaida dove The zenaida dove (''Zenaida aurita'') is a member of the bird family Columbidae, which includes doves and pigeons. It is the national bird of Anguilla, where it is locally referred to as "turtle dove". Description The Zenaida dove is approxima ...

, ''Zenaida aurita'' (A) *

Mourning dove The mourning dove (''Zenaida macroura'') is a member of the dove family, Columbidae. The bird is also known as the American mourning dove, the rain dove, and colloquially as the turtle dove, and was once known as the Carolina pigeon and Caroli ...

, ''Zenaida macroura'' *

Many-colored fruit-dove The many-colored fruit dove (''Ptilinopus perousii''), also known as ''manuma'' in the Samoan language, is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It occurs on islands in the south-west Pacific Ocean where it is found in Fiji, the Samoan Isla ...

, ''Ptilinopus perousii'' (American Samoa) * Crimson-crowned fruit-dove, ''Ptilinopus porphyraceus'' (American Samoa) *

Mariana fruit-dove The Mariana fruit dove (''Ptilinopus roseicapilla''), also known as in the Carolinian language, ''totot'' on Guam or ''Paluman totut'' in Northern Marianas Islands, is a small, up to 24 cm long, green fruit dove native and Endemism in birds, ...

, ''Ptilinopus roseicapilla'' (Northern Mariana Islands; extirpated from Guam) (ENM) *

Pacific imperial-pigeon The Pacific imperial pigeon (''Ducula pacifica'') is a widespread species of pigeon in the family Columbidae. It is found in American Samoa, the Cook Islands, the smaller islands of eastern Fiji, Kiribati, Niue, the smaller satellite islands of ...

, ''Ducula pacifica'' (American Samoa)

Cuckoos

Order:

Cuculiformes Cuckoos are birds in the Cuculidae family, the sole taxon in the order Cuculiformes . The cuckoo family includes the common or European cuckoo, roadrunners, koels, malkohas, couas, coucals and anis. The coucals and anis are sometimes separa ...

Family:

Cuculidae Cuckoos are birds in the Cuculidae family, the sole taxon in the order Cuculiformes . The cuckoo family includes the common or European cuckoo, roadrunners, koels, malkohas, couas, coucals and anis. The coucals and anis are sometimes separa ...

The family Cuculidae includes

cuckoo Cuckoos are birds in the Cuculidae family, the sole taxon in the order Cuculiformes . The cuckoo family includes the common or European cuckoo, roadrunners, koels, malkohas, couas, coucals and anis. The coucals and anis are sometimes separ ...

s, roadrunners, and anis. These birds are of variable size with slender bodies, long tails, and strong legs. * Greater ani, ''Crotophaga major'' (U.S. Virgin Islands) (A) *

Smooth-billed ani The smooth-billed ani (''Crotophaga ani'') is a bird in the cuckoo family. It is a resident breeding species from southern Florida, the Caribbean, parts of Central America, south to western Ecuador, Brazil, northern Argentina and southern Chile. ...

, ''Crotophaga ani'' * Groove-billed ani, ''Crotophaga sulcirostris'' *

Greater roadrunner The greater roadrunner (''Geococcyx californianus'') is a long-legged bird in the cuckoo family, Cuculidae, from the Aridoamerica region in the Southwestern United States and Mexico. The scientific name means "Californian earth-cuckoo". Along w ...

, ''Geococcyx californianus'' *

Common cuckoo The common cuckoo (''Cuculus canorus'') is a member of the cuckoo order of birds, Cuculiformes, which includes the roadrunners, the anis and the coucals. This species is a widespread summer migrant to Europe and Asia, and winters in Africa. I ...

, ''Cuculus canorus'' *

Oriental cuckoo The Oriental cuckoo or Horsfields cuckoo (''Cuculus optatus'') is a bird belonging to the genus ''Cuculus'' in the cuckoo family Cuculidae. It was formerly classified as a subspecies of the Himalayan cuckoo (''C. saturatus''), with the name 'Orie ...

, ''Cuculus optatus'' (C) * Chestnut-winged cuckoo, ''Clamator coromandus'' (Guam) (A) *

Dark-billed cuckoo The dark-billed cuckoo (''Coccyzus melacoryphus'') is a species of bird in the tribe Phaenicophaeini, subfamily Cuculinae of the cuckoo family Cuculidae.HBW and BirdLife International (2021) Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife Intern ...

, ''Coccyzus melacoryphus'' (A) *

Yellow-billed cuckoo The yellow-billed cuckoo (''Coccyzus americanus'') is a cuckoo. Common folk-names for this bird in the southern United States are rain crow and storm crow. These likely refer to the bird's habit of calling on hot days, often presaging rain or th ...

, ''Coccyzus americanus'' *

Mangrove cuckoo The mangrove cuckoo (''Coccyzus minor'') is a species of cuckoo that is native to the Neotropics. Taxonomy The mangrove cuckoo was formally described in 1788 by the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin in his revised and expanded edition ...

, ''Coccyzus minor'' * Black-billed cuckoo, ''Coccyzus erythropthalmus'' *

Puerto Rican lizard-cuckoo The Puerto Rican lizard cuckoo (''Coccyzus vieilloti'') is a species of bird in the tribe Phaenicophaeini, subfamily Cuculinae of the cuckoo family Cuculidae. It is endemic to Puerto Rico.HBW and BirdLife International (2021) Handbook of the B ...

, ''Coccyzus vielloti'' (Puerto Rico) (EP) * Long-tailed koel, ''Urodynamis tailtensis'' (American Samoa, U.S. Minor Outlying Islands)

Nightjars and allies

Order:

Caprimulgiformes Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal or crepuscular birds in the family Caprimulgidae and order Caprimulgiformes, characterised by long wings, short legs, and very short bills. They are sometimes called goatsuckers, due to the ancient folk tal ...

Family: Caprimulgidae Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal birds that usually nest on the ground. They have long wings, short legs, and very short bills. Most have small feet, of little use for walking, and long pointed wings. Their soft plumage is cryptically colored to resemble bark or leaves. *

Lesser nighthawk The lesser nighthawk (''Chordeiles acutipennis'') is a nightjar found throughout a large part of the Americas. The adults are dark with brown, grey and white patterning on the upperparts and breast; the long upperwings are black and show a whit ...

, ''Chordeiles acutipennis'' *

Common nighthawk The common nighthawk (''Chordeiles minor'') is a medium-sized crepuscular or nocturnal bird of the Americas within the nightjar family, whose presence and identity are best revealed by its vocalization. Typically dark (gray, black and brown), di ...

, ''Chordeiles minor'' *

Antillean nighthawk The Antillean nighthawk (''Chordeiles gundlachii'') is a nightjar native to the Caribbean and Florida Keys. Its specific epithet, ''gundlachii'', is in honor of Cuban naturalist Juan Gundlach. Description The adults are dark with brown, grey an ...

, '' Chordeiles gundlachii'' * Common pauraque, '' Nyctidromus albicollis'' *

Common poorwill The common poorwill (''Phalaenoptilus nuttallii'') is a nocturnal bird of the family Caprimulgidae, the nightjars. It is found from British Columbia and southeastern Alberta, through the western United States to northern Mexico. The bird's habi ...

, ''Phalaenoptilus nuttallii'' *

Chuck-will's-widow The chuck-will's-widow (''Antrostomus carolinensis'') is a nocturnal bird of the nightjar family Caprimulgidae. It is mostly found in the southeastern United States (with disjunct populations in Long Island, New York, Ontario, Canada and Cape C ...

, ''Antrostomus carolinensis'' *

Buff-collared nightjar The buff-collared nightjar or Ridgway's whip-poor-will (''Antrostomus ridgwayi'') is a species of nightjar in the family Caprimulgidae. It is found in Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, and the U.S. states of Arizona and New Mexico.Bower ...

, ''Antrostomus ridgwayi'' *

Eastern whip-poor-will The eastern whip-poor-will (''Antrostomus vociferus'') is a medium-sized (22–27 cm; 8.7-10.6 ins.) bird within the nightjar family, Caprimulgidae, from North America. The whip-poor-will is commonly heard within its range, but less o ...

, ''Antrostomus vociferus'' *

Mexican whip-poor-will The Mexican whip-poor-will, (''Antrostomus arizonae''), is a medium-sized nightjar of the southwestern United States, Mexico, and northern Central America. Taxonomy and systematics Until 2010 the Mexican whip-poor-will and what is now the ea ...

, ''Antrostomus arizonae'' *

Puerto Rican nightjar The Puerto Rican nightjar or Puerto Rican Whip-poor-will (''Antrostomus noctitherus'') is a bird in the nightjar family found in the coastal dry scrub forests in localized areas of southwestern Puerto Rico. It was described in 1916 from bones fo ...

, ''Antrostomus noctitherus'' (Puerto Rico) (EP) *

White-tailed nightjar The white-tailed nightjar (''Hydropsalis cayennensis'') is a species of nightjar in the family Caprimulgidae. It is found in the tropic regions of Central and South America. Taxonomy The white-tailed nightjar was formally described in 1789 b ...

, ''Hydropsalis cayennensis'' (Puerto Rico) (A) * Gray nightjar, ''Caprimulgus jotaka'' (A)

Potoos

Order:

Family: Nyctibiidae Potoos are a group of large near passerine birds related to the nightjars and frogmouths. These are nocturnal insectivores which lack the bristles around the mouth found in the true nightjars. * Northern potoo, ''Nyctibius jamaicensis'' (Puerto Rico) (A)

Swifts

Order:

Apodiformes Traditionally, the bird order Apodiformes contained three living families: the swifts (Apodidae), the treeswifts (Hemiprocnidae), and the hummingbirds (Trochilidae). In the Sibley-Ahlquist taxonomy, this order is raised to a superorder Apodi ...

Family:

Apodidae The swifts are a family, Apodidae, of highly aerial birds. They are superficially similar to swallows, but are not closely related to any passerine species. Swifts are placed in the order Apodiformes with hummingbirds. The treeswifts are closely ...

The swifts are small birds which spend the majority of their lives flying. These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces. Many swifts have long swept-back wings which resemble a crescent or boomerang. * Black swift, ''Cypseloides niger'' * White-collared swift, ''Streptoprocne zonaris'' (C) *

Chimney swift The chimney swift (''Chaetura pelagica'') is a bird belonging to the swift family Apodidae. A member of the genus ''Chaetura'', it is closely related to both the Vaux's swift and the Chapman's swift; in the past, the three were sometimes consider ...

, ''Chaetura pelagica'' *

Vaux's swift Vaux's swift (''Chaetura vauxi'') is a small swift native to North America, Central America, and northern South America. It was named for the American scientist William Sansom Vaux. Description This is a small swift, even compared to other ''C ...

, ''Chaetura vauxi'' *

Short-tailed swift The short-tailed swift (''Chaetura brachyura'') is a bird in the Apodidae, or swift family. Taxonomy The species was first formally described as ''Acanthylis brachyura'' in 1846 by the Scottish naturalist Sir William Jardine, based on the obs ...

, ''Chaetura brachyura'' (U.S. Virgin Islands) * White-throated needletail ''Hirundapus caudacutus'' (A) *

White-rumped swiftlet The white-rumped swiftlet (''Aerodramus spodiopygius'') is a species of swift in the family Apodidae. It is found in American Samoa, Fiji, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, and Vanuatu Vanuatu ( or ; ), of ...

, ''Aerodramus spodiopygius'' (American Samoa) * Uniform swiftlet, ''Aerodramus vanikorensis'' (Guam) *

Mariana swiftlet The Mariana swiftlet or Guam swiftlet (''Aerodramus bartschi'') is a species of swiftlet in the family Apodidae. Taxonomy It was formerly lumped with the island swiftlet (''Aerodramus inquietus''). Description The swiftlet is about 11 cm ...

, ''Aerodramus bartschi'' (I) * Caroline Islands swiftlet, ''Aerodramus inquietus'' (Guam, Northern Mariana Islands) *

Common swift The common swift (''Apus apus'') is a medium-sized bird, superficially similar to the barn swallow or house martin but somewhat larger, though not stemming from those passerine species, being in the order Apodiformes. The resemblances between t ...

, ''Apus apus'' (A) * Fork-tailed swift, ''Apus pacificus'' (A) * Alpine swift, ''Apus melba'' (Puerto Rico) (A) * White-throated swift, ''Aeronautes saxatalis'' * Antillean palm-swift, ''Tachornis phoenicobia'' (A)

Hummingbirds

Order:

Family:

Trochilidae Hummingbirds are birds native to the Americas and comprise the biological family Trochilidae. With about 361 species and 113 genera, they occur from Alaska to Tierra del Fuego, but the vast majority of the species are found in the tropics aro ...

Hummingbirds are small birds capable of hovering in mid-air due to the rapid flapping of their wings. They are the only birds that can fly backwards. * Mexican violetear, ''Colibri thalassinus'' * Green-breasted mango, ''Anthracothorax prevostii'' (C) *

Puerto Rican mango The Puerto Rican mango (''Anthracothorax aurulentus'') is a species of hummingbird in the subfamily Polytminae. It is found on the Caribbean islands of Puerto Rico, the British Virgin Islands, and the American Virgin Islands.HBW and BirdLife Int ...

, ''Anthracothorax aurulentus'' (Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands) *

Green mango The green mango (''Anthracothorax viridis'') is a large species of hummingbird in the subfamily Polytminae. It is endemic to the main island of Puerto Rico.HBW and BirdLife International (2020) ''Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLi ...

, ''Anthracothorax viridis'' (Puerto Rico) (EP) *

Purple-throated carib The purple-throated carib (''Eulampis jugularis'') is a species of hummingbird in the subfamily Polytminae. It is resident on most of the islands of the Lesser Antilles and has occurred as a vagrant both further north and south.HBW and BirdLif ...

, ''Eulampis jugularis'' (Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands) (A) *

Green-throated carib The green-throated carib (''Eulampis holosericeus'') is a species of hummingbird in the subfamily Polytminae. It is found in Puerto Rico and most of the Lesser Antilles.HBW and BirdLife International (2020) ''Handbook of the Birds of the World ...

, ''Eulampis holosericeus'' (Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands) * Rivoli's hummingbird, ''Eugenes fulgens'' (Not yet assessed by the IUCN) * Plain-capped starthroat, ''Heliomaster constantii'' (C) * Amethyst-throated mountain-gem, ''Lampornis amethystinus'' (A) *

Blue-throated mountain-gem The blue-throated mountaingem, also known as the blue-throated mountain-gem or blue-throated hummingbird (''Lampornis clemenciae'') is a species of hummingbird in tribe Lampornithini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is found in the United States and ...

, ''Lampornis clemenciae'' *

Bahama woodstar The Bahama woodstar or Bahama hummingbird (''Nesophlox evelynae'') is a species of hummingbird endemic to the Lucayan archipelago, including the Bahamian and Turks and Caicos islands. It is named the "hummer" by locals due to a distinct humming ...

, ''Calliphlox evelynae'' (A) *

Lucifer hummingbird The lucifer sheartail or lucifer hummingbird (''Calothorax lucifer'') is a medium-sized, 10 cm long, green hummingbird with a slightly curved bill and distinctive outward flare of its gorget feathers. Its habitat is in high-altitude areas of ...

, ''Calothorax lucifer'' *

Ruby-throated hummingbird The ruby-throated hummingbird (''Archilochus colubris'') is a species of hummingbird that generally spends the winter in Central America, Mexico, and Florida, and migrates to Canada and other parts of Eastern North America for the summer to bree ...

, ''Archilochus colubris'' *

Black-chinned hummingbird The black-chinned hummingbird (''Archilochus alexandri'') is a small hummingbird occupying a broad range of habitats. It is migratory, spending winter as far south as Mexico. Taxonomy A hybrid between this species and Anna's hummingbird was ca ...

, ''Archilochus alexandri'' * Vervain hummingbird, ''Mellisuga minima'' (Puerto Rico) (A) * Anna's hummingbird, ''Calypte anna'' *

Costa's hummingbird Costa's hummingbird (''Calypte costae'') is a bird species in the hummingbird family Trochilidae. It breeds in the arid region of the southwest United States and northwest Mexico; it winters in western Mexico. Taxonomy Costa's hummingbird was f ...

, ''Calypte costae'' *

Calliope hummingbird The calliope hummingbird ( ; ''Selasphorus calliope'') is the smallest bird native to the United States and Canada. It has a western breeding range mainly from California to British Columbia, and migrates to the Southwestern United States, Mexic ...

, ''Selasphorus calliope'' * Rufous hummingbird, ''Selasphorus rufus'' *

Allen's hummingbird Allen's hummingbird (''Selasphorus sasin'') is a species of hummingbird that breeds in the western United States. It is one of seven species in the genus ''Selasphorus''. Description Allen's hummingbird is a small bird, with mature adults reac ...

, ''Selasphorus sasin'' *

Broad-tailed hummingbird The broad-tailed hummingbird (''Selasphorus platycercus'') is a medium-sized hummingbird species found in highland regions from western United States and Western Canada to Mexico and Guatemala. Description Medium in size, the broad-tail ...

, ''Selasphorus platycercus'' *

Bumblebee hummingbird The bumblebee hummingbird (''Selasphorus heloisa'') is a species of hummingbird in tribe Mellisugini of subfamily Trochilinae, the "bee hummingbirds". It is endemic to Mexico, but has occurred as a vagrant in the United States. Taxonomy and ...

, ''Selasphorus heloisa'' (A) * Puerto Rican emerald, ''Riccordia maugeaus'' (Puerto Rico) (EP) * Broad-billed hummingbird, ''Cynanthus latirostris'' *

White-eared Hummingbird The white-eared hummingbird (''Basilinna leucotis'') is a species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is found from the southwestern U.S. to Nicaragua.HBW and BirdLife International (2020) ''Handbook ...

, ''Basilinna leucotis'' *

Xantus's hummingbird Xantus's hummingbird (''Basilinna xantusii''), previously known as the black-fronted hummingbird, is a species in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is endemic to the Baja California Peninsula.HBW and BirdLife Interna ...

, ''Basilinna xantusii'' (A) *

Antillean crested hummingbird The Antillean crested hummingbird (''Orthorhyncus cristatus'') is a species of hummingbird in the family Trochilidae. Found across Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, north-east Puerto Ri ...

, ''Orthorhyncus cristatus'' (Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands) *

Violet-crowned hummingbird The violet-crowned hummingbird (''Ramosomyia violiceps'') is a hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is found in Mexico and the southwestern United States.HBW and BirdLife International (2021) Handbook of ...

, ''Ramosomyia violiceps'' *

Berylline hummingbird The berylline hummingbird (''Saucerottia beryllina'') is a species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is found in El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, and the United States. Taxonomy and system ...

, ''Amazilia beryllina'' *

Cinnamon hummingbird The cinnamon hummingbird (''Amazilia rutila'') is a species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is found from northwestern Mexico to Costa Rica. Taxonomy The cinnamon hummingbird was formally descr ...

, ''Amazilia rutila'' (A) * Buff-bellied hummingbird, ''Amazilia yucatanensis''

Rails, gallinules, and coots

Order:

Gruiformes The Gruiformes are an order containing a considerable number of living and extinct bird families, with a widespread geographical diversity. Gruiform means "crane-like". Traditionally, a number of wading and terrestrial bird families that did ...

Family:

Rallidae The rails, or Rallidae, are a large cosmopolitan family of small- to medium-sized, ground-living birds. The family exhibits considerable diversity and includes the crakes, coots, and gallinules. Many species are associated with wetlands, althou ...

Rallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the rails, crakes, coots, and gallinules. The most typical family members occupy dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps, or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, making them difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs and long toes which are well adapted to soft uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and to be weak fliers. *

Paint-billed crake The paint-billed crake (''Neocrex erythrops'') is a species of bird in the subfamily Rallinae of the rail, crake, and coot family Rallidae.HBW and BirdLife International (2021) Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digit ...

, ''Neocrex erythrops'' (A) * Spotted rail, ''Pardirallus maculatus'' (A) *

Rufous-necked wood-rail The rufous-necked wood rail (''Aramides axillaris'') is a species of bird in the subfamily Rallinae of the rail, crake, and coot family Rallidae.HBW and BirdLife International (2021) Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International ...

, ''Aramides axillaris'' (A) * Ridgway's rail, ''Rallus obsoletus'' *

Clapper rail The clapper rail (''Rallus crepitans'') is a member of the rail family, Rallidae. The taxonomy for this species is confusing and still being determined. It is a large brown rail that is resident in wetlands along the Atlantic coasts of the easte ...

, ''Rallus crepitans'' * King rail, ''Rallus elegans'' *

Virginia rail The Virginia rail (''Rallus limicola'') is a small waterbird, of the family Rallidae. These birds remain fairly common despite continuing loss of habitat, but are secretive by nature and more often heard than seen. They are also considered a ga ...

, ''Rallus limicola'' *

Corn crake The corn crake, corncrake or landrail (''Crex crex'') is a bird in the rail family. It breeds in Europe and Asia as far east as western China, and migrates to Africa for the Northern Hemisphere's winter. It is a medium-sized crake with buff- ...

, ''Crex crex'' (C) * Sora, ''Porzana carolina'' *

Common gallinule The common gallinule (''Gallinula galeata'') is a bird in the family Rallidae. It was split from the common moorhen by the American Ornithologists' Union in July 2011. It lives around well-vegetated marshes, ponds, canals, and other wetlands in t ...

, ''Gallinula galeata'' * Eurasian moorhen, ''Gallinula chloropus'' (Guam, Northern Mariana Islands) *

Eurasian coot The Eurasian coot (''Fulica atra''), also known as the common coot, or Australian coot, is a member of the rail and crake bird family, the Rallidae. It is found in Europe, Asia, Australia, New Zealand and parts of North Africa. It has a slaty-bla ...

, ''Fulica atra'' (A) *

Hawaiian coot The Hawaiian coot (''Fulica alai''), also known as the alae ke'oke'o'' in Hawaiian, is a bird in the rail family, Rallidae, that is endemic to Hawaii. In Hawaiian, ''alae'' is a noun and means ''mud hen''. ''Kea'' or its synonym ''keo'' is an ad ...

, ''Fulica alai'' (EH) *

American coot The American coot (''Fulica americana''), also known as a mud hen or pouldeau, is a bird of the family Rallidae. Though commonly mistaken for ducks, American coots are only distantly related to ducks, belonging to a separate order. Unlike the w ...

, ''Fulica americana'' * Purple gallinule, ''Porphyrio martinicus'' *

Purple swamphen The purple swamphen has been split into the following species: * Western swamphen, ''Porphyrio porphyrio'', southwest Europe and northwest Africa * African swamphen, ''Porphyrio madagascariensis'', sub-Saharan continental Africa and Madagascar * ...

, ''Porphyrio porphyrio'' (I) * Black-backed swamphen, ''Porphyrio indicus'' (American Samoa) (Not yet assessed by the IUCN) *

Australasian swamphen The Australasian swamphen (''Porphyrio melanotus'') is a species of swamphen (''Porphyrio'') occurring in eastern Indonesia (the Moluccas, Aru and Kai Islands), Papua New Guinea, Australia and New Zealand. In New Zealand, it is known as the pu ...

, ''Porphyrio melanotus'' (American Samoa) (Not yet assessed by the IUCN) *

White-browed crake The white-browed crake (''Poliolimnas cinereus'') is a species of bird in the family Rallidae. It is found in Australia, Brunei, Cambodia, Fiji, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, India, Malaysia, Micronesia, New Caledonia, Palau, Papua New Guinea, the ...

, ''Poliolimnas cinereus'' (formerly Guam) (Ex) *

Yellow rail The yellow rail (''Coturnicops noveboracensis'') is a small secretive marsh bird, of the family Rallidae that is found in North America. Taxonomy The yellow rail was formally described in 1789 by the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin in ...

, ''Coturnicops noveboracensis'' *Yellow-breasted crake, ''Hapalocrex flaviventer'' (Puerto Rico) *Black rail, ''Laterallus jamaicensis'' *Buff-banded rail, ''Gallirallus philippensis'' (American Samoa) *

, ''Gallirallus owstoni'' (Guam, Northern Mariana Islands) (EG / ENM) *Wake Island rail, ''Gallirallus wakensis'' (U.S. Minor Outlying Islands — Wake Island) (EU) (E) *Laysan rail, ''Zapornia palmeri'' (EH) (E) *Hawaiian rail, ''Zapornia sandwichensis'' (EH) (E) *Spotless crake, ''Zapornia tabuensis'' (American Samoa)

Finfoots

Order:

Family: Heliornithidae Finfoots resemble rails; they have long necks, slender bodies, broad tails, and sharp, pointed bills. Their legs and feet are brightly colored. The family has three species and only the sungrebe is found in the New World. *Sungrebe, ''Heliornis fulica'' (A)

Limpkin

Order:

Family: Aramidae The limpkin is an odd bird that looks like a large Rail (bird), rail, but is skeletally closer to the Crane (bird), cranes. It is found in marshes with some trees or scrub in the Caribbean, South America, and southern Florida. *Limpkin, ''Aramus guarauna''

Cranes

Order:

Family: Gruidae Cranes are large, long-legged, and long-necked birds. Unlike the similar-looking but unrelated herons, cranes fly with necks outstretched, not pulled back. Most have elaborate and noisy courting displays or "dances". *Sandhill crane, ''Antigone canadensis'' *Common crane, ''Grus grus'' (C) *Whooping crane, ''Grus americana'' *Hooded crane, ''Grus monacha'' (A)

Thick-knees

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Burhinidae The thick-knees are a group of waders found worldwide within the tropical zone, with some species also breeding in temperate Europe and Australia. They are medium to large waders with strong black or yellow-black bills, large yellow eyes, and cryptic plumage. Despite being classed as waders, most species have a preference for arid or semi-arid habitats. *Double-striped thick-knee, ''Burhinus bistriatus'' (A)

Stilts and avocets

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Recurvirostridae Recurvirostridae is a family of large wading birds which includes the avocets and stilts. The avocets have long legs and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin, straight bills. *Black-winged stilt, ''Himantopus himantopus'' *Black-necked stilt, ''Himantopus mexicanus'' *American avocet, ''Recurvirostra americana''

Oystercatchers

American Oystercatcher (Haematopus palliatus) in flight

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Haematopodidae The oystercatchers are large, obvious, and noisy plover-like birds, with strong bills used for smashing or prying open molluscs. *Eurasian oystercatcher, ''Haematopus ostralegus'' (A) *American oystercatcher, ''Haematopus palliatus'' *Black oystercatcher, ''Haematopus bachmani''

Plovers and lapwings

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Charadriidae The family Charadriidae includes the plovers, dotterels, and lapwings. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short thick necks, and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water. *Northern lapwing, ''Vanellus vanellus'' (C) *Masked lapwing, ''Vanellus miles'' (American Samoa) (A) *Black-bellied plover, ''Pluvialis squatarola'' *European golden-plover, ''Pluvialis apricaria'' (C) *American golden-plover, ''Pluvialis dominica'' *Pacific golden-plover, ''Pluvialis fulva'' *Eurasian dotterel, ''Charadrius morinellus'' (C) *Killdeer, ''Charadrius vociferus'' *Common ringed plover, ''Charadrius hiaticula'' *Semipalmated plover, ''Charadrius semipalmatus'' *Piping plover, ''Charadrius melodus'' *Little ringed plover, ''Charadrius dubius'' (A) *Lesser sand-plover, ''Charadrius mongolus'' *Greater sand-plover, ''Charadrius leschenaultii'' (A) *Wilson's plover, ''Charadrius wilsonia'' *Collared plover, ''Charadrius collaris'' (A) *Kentish plover, ''Charadrius alexandrinus'' (Guam, Northern Mariana Islands) *Snowy plover, ''Charadrius nivosus'' *Mountain plover, ''Charadrius montanus''

Jacanas

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Jacanidae The jacanas are a family of waders found worldwide within the tropical zone. They are identifiable by their huge feet and claws which enable them to walk on floating vegetation in the shallow lakes that are their preferred habitat. *Pheasant-tailed jacana, ''Hydrophasianus chirurgus'' (Northern Mariana Islands) (A) *Northern jacana, ''Jacana spinosa'' (C)

Sandpipers and allies

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Scolopacidae Scolopacidae is a large diverse family of small to medium-sized shorebirds including the sandpipers, curlews, godwits, shanks, tattlers, woodcocks, snipes, dowitchers, and phalaropes. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Different lengths of legs and bills enable multiple species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food. *Upland sandpiper, ''Bartramia longicauda'' *Bristle-thighed curlew, ''Numenius tahitiensis'' *Hudsonian whimbrel, Whimbrel, ''Numenius phaeopus'' *Little curlew, ''Numenius minutus'' (A) *Eskimo curlew, ''Numenius borealis'' (Possibly extinct) *Long-billed curlew, ''Numenius americanus'' *Far Eastern curlew, ''Numenius madagascariensis'' (C) *Slender-billed curlew, ''Numenius tenuirostris'' (A) *Eurasian curlew, ''Numenius arquata'' (C) *Bar-tailed godwit, ''Limosa lapponica'' *Black-tailed godwit, ''Limosa limosa'' *Hudsonian godwit, ''Limosa haemastica'' *Marbled godwit, ''Limosa fedoa'' *Ruddy turnstone, ''Arenaria interpres'' *Black turnstone, ''Arenaria melanocephala'' *Great knot, ''Calidris tenuirostris'' (C) *Red knot, ''Calidris canutus'' *Surfbird, ''Calidris virgata'' *Ruff (bird), Ruff, ''Calidris pugnax'' *Broad-billed sandpiper, ''Limicola falcinellus'' (C) *Sharp-tailed sandpiper, ''Calidris acuminata'' *Stilt sandpiper, ''Calidris himantopus'' *Curlew sandpiper, ''Calidris ferruginea'' *Temminck's stint, ''Calidris temminckii'' (A) *Long-toed stint, ''Calidris subminuta'' *Spoon-billed sandpiper, ''Calidris pygmaea'' (C) *Red-necked stint, ''Calidris ruficollis'' *Sanderling, ''Calidris alba'' *Dunlin, ''Calidris alpina'' *Rock sandpiper, ''Calidris ptilocnemis'' *Purple sandpiper, ''Calidris maritima'' *Baird's sandpiper, ''Calidris bairdii'' *Little stint, ''Calidris minuta'' (C) *Least sandpiper, ''Calidris minutilla'' *White-rumped sandpiper, ''Calidris fuscicollis'' *Buff-breasted sandpiper, ''Calidris subruficollis'' *Pectoral sandpiper, ''Calidris melanotos'' *Semipalmated sandpiper, ''Calidris pusilla'' *Western sandpiper, ''Calidris mauri'' *Short-billed dowitcher, ''Limnodromus griseus'' *Long-billed dowitcher, ''Limnodromus scolopaceus'' *Jack snipe, ''Lymnocryptes minimus'' (C) *Eurasian woodcock, ''Scolopax rusticola'' (A) *American woodcock, ''Scolopax minor'' *Latham’s snipe, ''Gallinago hardwickii'' (Guam) (A) *Solitary snipe, ''Gallinago solitaria'' (A) *Pin-tailed snipe, ''Gallinago stenura'' (A) *Common snipe, ''Gallinago gallinago'' *Wilson's snipe, ''Gallinago delicata'' *Swinhoe's snipe, ''Gallinago megala'' (Guam, Northern Mariana Islands) *Terek sandpiper, ''Xenus cinereus'' *Common sandpiper, ''Actitis hypoleucos'' *Spotted sandpiper, ''Actitis macularius'' *Green sandpiper, ''Tringa ochropus'' (C) *Solitary sandpiper, ''Tringa solitaria'' *Gray-tailed tattler, ''Tringa brevipes'' *Wandering tattler, ''Tringa incana'' *Lesser yellowlegs, ''Tringa flavipes'' *Willet, ''Tringa semipalmata'' *Spotted redshank, ''Tringa erythropus'' (C) *Common greenshank, ''Tringa nebularia'' *Greater yellowlegs, ''Tringa melanoleuca'' *Common redshank, ''Tringa totanus'' (A) *Wood sandpiper, ''Tringa glareola'' *Marsh sandpiper, ''Tringa stagnatilis'' (A) *Wilson's phalarope, ''Phalaropus tricolor'' *Red-necked phalarope, ''Phalaropus lobatus'' *Red phalarope, ''Phalaropus fulicarius''

Pratincoles and coursers

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Glareolidae The pratincoles have short legs, very long pointed wings, and long forked tails. Their most unusual feature for birds classed as waders is that they typically hunt their insect prey on the wing like hirundinidae, swallows, although they can also feed on the ground. Their short bills are an adaptation to aerial feeding. Their flight is fast and graceful like that of a swallow or a tern, with many twists and turns to pursue their prey. *Oriental pratincole, ''Glareola maldivarum'' (A)

Skuas and jaegers

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Stercorariidae Skuas are in general medium to large birds, typically with gray or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings. They have longish bills with hooked tips and webbed feet with sharp claws. They look like large dark gulls, but have a fleshy cere above the upper mandible. They are strong, acrobatic fliers. *Great skua, ''Stercorarius skua'' *South polar skua, ''Stercorarius maccormicki'' *Pomarine jaeger, ''Stercorarius pomarinus'' *Parasitic jaeger, ''Stercorarius parasiticus'' *Long-tailed jaeger, ''Stercorarius longicaudus''

Auks, murres, and puffins

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Alcidae Alcids are superficially similar to penguins due to their black-and-white colors, their upright posture, and some of their habits. However, they are only distantly related to the penguins and are able to fly. Auks live on the open sea, only deliberately coming ashore to nest. *Dovekie, ''Alle alle'' *Common murre, ''Uria aalge'' *Thick-billed murre, ''Uria lomvia'' *Razorbill, ''Alca torda'' *Great auk, ''Pinguinus impennis'' (E) *Black guillemot, ''Cepphus grylle'' *Pigeon guillemot, ''Cepphus columba'' *Long-billed murrelet, ''Brachyramphus perdix'' (A) *Marbled murrelet, ''Brachyramphus marmoratus'' *Kittlitz's murrelet, ''Brachyramphus brevirostris'' (A) *Scripps's murrelet, ''Synthliboramphus scrippsi'' *Guadalupe murrelet, ''Synthliboramphus hypoleucus'' *Craveri's murrelet, ''Synthliboramphus craveri'' *Ancient murrelet, ''Synthliboramphus antiquus'' *Japanese murrelet, ''Synthliboramphus wumizusume'' (U.S. Minor Outlying Islands) (A) *Cassin's auklet, ''Ptychoramphus aleuticus'' *Parakeet auklet, ''Aethia psittacula'' *Least auklet, ''Aethia pusilla'' *Whiskered auklet, ''Aethia pygmaea'' *Crested auklet, ''Aethia cristatella'' *Rhinoceros auklet, ''Cerorhinca monocerata'' *Atlantic puffin, ''Fratercula arctica'' *Horned puffin, ''Fratercula corniculata'' *Tufted puffin, ''Fratercula cirrhata''

Gulls, terns, and skimmers

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Laridae Laridae is a family of medium to large seabirds and includes gulls, terns, and Skimmer (bird), skimmers. Gulls are typically gray or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have stout, longish bills and webbed feet. Terns are a group of generally medium to large seabirds typically with grey or white plumage, often with black markings on the head. Most terns hunt fish by diving but some pick insects off the surface of fresh water. Terns are generally long-lived birds, with several species known to live in excess of 30 years. Skimmers are a small family of tropical tern-like birds. They have an elongated lower mandible which they use to feed by flying low over the water surface and skimming the water for small fish. *Swallow-tailed gull, ''Creagrus furcatus'' (A) *Black-legged kittiwake, ''Rissa tridactyla'' *Red-legged kittiwake, ''Rissa brevirostris'' *Ivory gull, ''Pagophila eburnea'' *Sabine's gull, ''Xema sabini'' *Bonaparte's gull, ''Chroicocephalus philadelphia'' *Silver gull, ''Chroicocephalus novaehollandiae'' (U.S. Minor Outlying Islands) (A) *Gray-hooded gull, ''Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus'' (A) *Black-headed gull, ''Chroicocephalus ridibundus'' *Little gull, ''Hydrocoloeus minutus'' *Ross's gull, ''Rhodostethia rosea'' *Laughing gull, ''Leucophaeus atricilla'' *Franklin's gull, ''Leucophaeus pipixcan'' *Pallas's gull, ''Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus'' *Belcher's gull, ''Larus belcheri'' (A) *Black-tailed gull, ''Larus crassirostris'' (C) *Heermann's gull, ''Larus heermanni'' *Common gull, ''Larus canus'' *Short-billed gull, ''Larus brachyrhynchus'' *Ring-billed gull, ''Larus delawarensis'' *Western gull, ''Larus occidentalis'' *Yellow-footed gull, ''Larus livens'' *California gull, ''Larus californicus'' *American herring gull, Herring gull, ''Larus argentatus'' *Yellow-legged gull, ''Larus cachinnans'' (C) *Iceland gull, ''Larus glaucoides'' *Lesser black-backed gull, ''Larus fuscus'' *Slaty-backed gull, ''Larus schistisagus'' *Glaucous-winged gull, ''Larus glaucescens'' *Glaucous gull, ''Larus hyperboreus'' *Great black-backed gull, ''Larus marinus'' *Kelp gull, ''Larus dominicanus'' (C) *Brown noddy, ''Anous stolidus'' *Black noddy, ''Anous minutus'' *Blue-gray noddy, ''Anous ceruleus'' *White tern, ''Gygis alba'' *Sooty tern, ''Onychoprion fuscatus'' *Gray-backed tern, ''Onychoprion lunatus'' (American Samoa, Northern Mariana Islands, U.S. Minor Outlying Islands) *Bridled tern, ''Onychoprion anaethetus'' *Aleutian tern, ''Onychoprion aleuticus'' *Little tern, ''Sternula albifrons'' (C) *Least tern, ''Sternula antillarum'' *Large-billed tern, ''Phaetusa simplex'' (A) *Gull-billed tern, ''Gelochelidon nilotica'' *Caspian tern, ''Hydroprogne caspia'' *Black tern, ''Chlidonias niger'' *White-winged tern, ''Chlidonias leucopterus'' (C) *Whiskered tern, ''Chlidonias hybrida'' (A) *Roseate tern, ''Sterna dougallii'' *Black-naped tern, ''Sterna sumatrana'' (American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands) (A) *Common tern, ''Sterna hirundo'' *Arctic tern, ''Sterna paradisaea'' *Forster's tern, ''Sterna forsteri'' *Royal tern, ''Thalasseus maximus'' *Great crested tern, ''Thalasseus bergii'' (A) *Sandwich tern, ''Sterna sandvicensis'' (A) *Elegant tern, ''Thalasseus elegans'' (A) *Black skimmer, ''Rynchops niger'' (A)

Tropicbirds

Order: PhaethontiformesFamily: Phaethontidae Tropicbirds are slender white birds of tropical oceans, with exceptionally long central tail feathers. Their long wings have black markings, as does the head. *White-tailed tropicbird, ''Phaethon lepturus'' *Red-billed tropicbird, ''Phaethon aethereus'' *Red-tailed tropicbird, ''Phaethon rubricauda''

Loons

Order: GaviiformesFamily: Gaviidae Loons are aquatic birds, the size of a large duck, to which they are unrelated. Their plumage is largely gray or black, and they have spear-shaped bills. Loons swim well and fly adequately, but are almost hopeless on land, because their legs are placed towards the rear of the body. *Red-throated loon, ''Gavia stellata'' *Arctic loon, ''Gavia arctica'' *Pacific loon, ''Gavia pacifica'' *Common loon, ''Gavia immer'' *Yellow-billed loon, ''Gavia adamsii''

Albatrosses

Order: ProcellariiformesFamily: Diomedeidae The albatrosses are among the largest of flying birds, and the great albatrosses of the genus ''Diomedea'' have the largest wingspans of any extant birds. *Atlantic yellow-nosed albatross, Yellow-nosed albatross, ''Thalassar chlororhynchus'' (C) *White-capped albatross, ''Thalassarche cauta'' (C) *Chatham albatross, ''Thalassarche eremita'' (A) *Salvin's albatross, ''Thalassarche salvini'' (A) *Black-browed albatross, ''Thalassarche melanophris'' (A) *Light-mantled albatross, ''Phoebetria palpebrata'' (A) *Wandering albatross, ''Diomedea exulans'' (A) *Laysan albatross, ''Phoebastria immutabilis'' *Black-footed albatross, ''Phoebastria nigripes'' *Short-tailed albatross, ''Phoebastria albatrus''

Southern storm-petrels

Order: ProcellariiformesFamily: Oceanitidae The storm-petrels are the smallest seabirds, relatives of the petrels, feeding on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. The flight is fluttering and sometimes bat-like. Until 2018, these species were included with the other storm-petrels in family Hydrobatidae. *Wilson's storm-petrel, ''Oceanites oceanicus'' *White-faced storm-petrel, ''Pelagodroma marina'' *Black-bellied storm-petrel, ''Fregetta tropica''(A) *Polynesian storm-petrel, ''Nesofregetta fuliginosa'' (American Samoa)

Northern storm-petrels

Order: ProcellariiformesFamily: Hydrobatidae Though the members of the family are similar in many respects to the southern storm-petrels, including their general appearance and habits, there are enough genetic differences to warrant their placement in a separate family. *European storm-petrel, ''Hydrobates pelagicus'' (C) *Fork-tailed storm-petrel, ''Hydrobates furcatus'' *Ringed storm-petrel, ''Hydrobates hornbyi'' (A) *Swinhoe's storm-petrel, ''Hydrobates monorhis'' (A) *Leach's storm-petrel, ''Hydrobates leucorhous'' *Townsend's storm-petrel, ''Hydrobates socorroensis'' *Ashy storm-petrel, ''Hydrobates homochroa'' *Band-rumped storm-petrel, ''Hydrobates castro'' *Wedge-rumped storm-petrel, ''Hydrobates tethys'' (C) *Black storm-petrel, ''Hydrobates melania'' *Tristram's storm-petrel, ''Hydrobates tristrami'' *Least storm-petrel, ''Hydrobates microsoma'' *Matsudaira's storm-petrel, ''Oceanodroma matsudairae'' (Guam, Northern Mariana Islands)

Shearwaters and petrels

Order: ProcellariiformesFamily: Procellariidae The procellariids are the main group of medium-sized "true petrels", characterized by united nostrils with medium septum and a long outer functional primary. *Northern giant petrel, ''Macronectes halli'' (A) *Northern fulmar, ''Fulmarus glacialis'' *Gray-faced petrel, ''Pterodroma gouldi'' (A) *Providence petrel, ''Pterodroma solandri'' (C) *Kermadec petrel, ''Pterodroma neglecta'' (C) *Trindade petrel, ''Pterodroma arminjoniana'' *Herald petrel, ''Pterodroma heraldica'' (C) *Murphy's petrel, ''Pterodroma ultima'' *Mottled petrel, ''Pterodroma inexpectata'' *Bermuda petrel, ''Pterodroma cahow'' *Black-capped petrel, ''Pterodroma hasitata'' *Juan Fernandez petrel, ''Pterodroma externa'' *Hawaiian petrel, ''Pterodroma sandwichensis'' *White-necked petrel, ''Pterodroma cervicalis'' *Bonin petrel, ''Pterodroma hypoleuca'' *Black-winged petrel, ''Pterodroma nigripennis'' *Fea's petrel, ''Pterodroma feae'' *Zino's petrel, ''Pterodroma madeira'' (A) *Cook's petrel, ''Pterodroma cookii'' *Gould's petrel, ''Pterodroma leucoptera'' (American Samoa) *Collared petrel, ''Pterodroma brevipes'' (American Samoa) *Stejneger's petrel, ''Pterodroma longirostris'' (C) *Phoenix petrel, ''Pterodroma alba'' (American Samoa, U.S. Minor Outlying Islands) *Tahiti petrel, ''Pseudobulweria rostrata'' (A) *Bulwer's petrel, ''Bulweria bulwerii'' *Jouanin's petrel, ''Bulweria fallax'' (A) *White-chinned petrel, ''Procellaria aequinoctialis'' (A) *Parkinson's petrel, ''Procellaria parkinsoni'' (A) *Streaked shearwater, ''Calonectris leucomelas'' (C) *Cory's shearwater, ''Calonectris diomedea'' *Cape Verde shearwater, ''Calonectris edwardsii'' (A) *Wedge-tailed shearwater, ''Ardenna pacifica'' *Buller's shearwater, ''Ardenna bulleri'' *Short-tailed shearwater, ''Ardenna tenuirostris'' *Sooty shearwater, ''Ardenna grisea'' *Great shearwater, ''Ardenna gravis'' *Pink-footed shearwater, ''Ardenna creatopus'' *Flesh-footed shearwater, ''Ardenna carneipes'' *Christmas shearwater, ''Puffinus nativitatis'' *Manx shearwater, ''Puffinus puffinus'' *Townsend's shearwater, ''Puffinus auricularis'' *Newell's shearwater, ''Puffinus newelli'' *Bryan's shearwater, ''Puffinus bryani'' (A) *Black-vented shearwater, ''Puffinus opisthomelas'' *Little shearwater, ''Puffinus assimilis'' (U.S. Minor Outlying Islands) *Audubon's shearwater, ''Puffinus lherminieri'' *Tropical shearwater, ''Puffinus bailloni'' (American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, U.S. Minor Outlying Islands) *Barolo shearwater, ''Puffinus baroli'' (A) (Not yet assessed by the IUCN)

Storks

Order: CiconiiformesFamily: Ciconiidae Storks are large, heavy, long-legged, long-necked wading birds with long stout bills and wide wingspans. They lack the powder down that other wading birds such as herons, spoonbills, and ibises use to clean off fish slime. Storks lack a pharynx and are mute. *Jabiru, ''Jabiru mycteria'' (C) *Wood stork, ''Mycteria americana''

Frigatebirds

Order: SuliformesFamily: Fregatidae Frigatebirds are large seabirds usually found over tropical oceans. They are large, black, or black-and-white, with long wings and deeply forked tails. The males have colored inflatable throat pouches. They do not swim or walk and cannot take off from a flat surface. Having the largest wingspan-to-body-weight ratio of any bird, they are essentially aerial, able to stay aloft for more than a week. *Lesser frigatebird, ''Fregata ariel'' (C) *Magnificent frigatebird, ''Fregata magnificens'' *Great frigatebird, ''Fregata minor''

Boobies and gannets

Order: SuliformesFamily: Sulidae The sulids comprise the gannets and booby, boobies. Both groups are medium-large coastal seabirds that plunge-dive for fish. *Masked booby, ''Sula dactylatra'' *Nazca booby, ''Sula granti'' (C) *Blue-footed booby, ''Sula nebouxii'' (C) *Brown booby, ''Sula leucogaster'' *Red-footed booby, ''Sula sula'' *Abbott's booby, ''Papasula abbotti'' (Northern Mariana Islands) (A) *Northern gannet, ''Morus bassanus''

Anhingas

Order: SuliformesFamily: Anhingidae Anhingas are cormorant-like water birds with very long necks and long straight beaks. They are fish eaters which often swim with only their neck above the water. *Anhinga, ''Anhinga anhinga''

Cormorants and shags

Order: SuliformesFamily: Phalacrocoracidae Cormorants are medium-to-large aquatic birds, usually with mainly dark plumage and areas of colored skin on the face. The bill is long, thin, and sharply hooked. Their feet are four-toed and webbed. *Little pied cormorant, ''Microcarbo melanoleucos'' (Northern Mariana Islands) (A) *Brandt's cormorant, ''Urile penicillatus'' *Red-faced cormorant, ''Urile urile'' *Pelagic cormorant, ''Urile pelagicus'' *Great cormorant, ''Phalacrocorax carbo'' *Double-crested cormorant, ''Nannopterum auritum'' *Neotropic cormorant, ''Nannopterum brasilianum''

Pelicans

Order: PelecaniformesFamily: Pelecanidae Pelicans are very large water birds with a distinctive pouch under their beak. Like other birds in the order Pelecaniformes, they have four webbed toes. *American white pelican, ''Pelecanus erythrorhynchos'' *Brown pelican, ''Pelecanus occidentalis''

Herons, egrets, and bitterns

Order: PelecaniformesFamily: Ardeidae The family Ardeidae contains the herons, egrets, and bitterns. Herons and egrets are medium to large wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more secretive. Members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted, unlike other long-necked birds such as storks, ibises, and spoonbills. *American bittern, ''Botaurus lentiginosus'' *Yellow bittern, ''Ixobrychus sinensis'' (A) *Cinnamon bittern, ''Ixobrychus cinnamomeus'' (Northern Mariana Islands) (A) *Black bittern, ''Ixobrychus flavicollis'' (Guam) (A) *Least bittern, ''Ixobrychus exilis'' *Bare-throated tiger-heron, ''Tigrisoma mexicanum'' (A) *Great blue heron, ''Ardea herodias'' *Gray heron, ''Ardea cinerea'' (A) *Great egret, ''Ardea alba'' *Intermediate egret, ''Ardea intermedia'' (A) *White-faced heron, ''Egretta novaehollandiae'' (American Samoa) (A) *Chinese egret, ''Egretta eulophotes'' (A) *Little egret, ''Egretta garzetta'' (C) *Western reef-heron, ''Egretta gularis'' (A) *Pacific reef-heron, ''Egretta sacra'' (American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands) *Snowy egret, ''Egretta thula'' *Little blue heron, ''Egretta caerulea'' *Tricolored heron, ''Egretta tricolor'' *Reddish egret, ''Egretta rufescens'' *Cattle egret, ''Bubulcus ibis'' *Chinese pond-heron, ''Ardeola bacchus'' (A) *Green heron, ''Butorides virescens'' *Striated heron, ''Butorides striata'' (Puerto Rico) (A) *Black-crowned night-heron, ''Nycticorax nycticorax'' *Nankeen night-heron, ''Nycticorax caledonicus'' (Northern Mariana Islands) (A) *Yellow-crowned night-heron, ''Nyctanassa violacea''

Ibises and spoonbills

Plegadis falcinellus (aka) background blurred

Order: PelecaniformesFamily: Threskiornithidae The family Threskiornithidae includes the ibises and spoonbills. They have long, broad wings. Their bodies tend to be elongated, the neck more so, with rather long legs. The bill is also long, decurved in the case of the ibises, straight and distinctively flattened in the spoonbills. *American white ibis, White ibis, ''Eudocimus albus'' *Scarlet ibis, ''Eudocimus ruber'' (A) *Glossy ibis, ''Plegadis falcinellus'' *White-faced ibis, ''Plegadis chihi'' *Roseate spoonbill, ''Platalea ajaja'' *African sacred ibis, ''Threskiornis aethiopicus'' (I)

New World vultures

Flying Turkey Vulture with Wings Held Upward

Order: CathartiformesFamily: Cathartidae The New World vultures are not closely related to Old World vultures, but superficially resemble them because of convergent evolution. Like the Old World vultures, they are scavengers. However, unlike Old World vultures, which find carcasses by sight, New World vultures have a good sense of smell with which they locate Carrion, carcasses. *California condor, ''Gymnogyps californianus'' (Ex) *Black vulture, ''Coragyps atratus'' *Turkey vulture, ''Cathartes aura''

Osprey

Order: AccipitriformesFamily: Pandionidae Pandionidae is a monotypic family of fish-eating birds of prey. Its single species possesses a very large and powerful hooked beak, strong legs, strong talons, and keen eyesight. *Osprey, ''Pandion haliaetus''

Hawks, eagles, and kites

Order: AccipitriformesFamily: Accipitridae Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey which includes hawks, eagles, kites, harriers, and Old World vultures. These birds have very large powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons, and keen eyesight. *White-tailed kite, ''Elanus leucurus'' *Hook-billed kite, ''Chondrohierax uncinatus'' *Swallow-tailed kite, ''Elanoides forficatus'' *Golden eagle, ''Aquila chrysaetos'' *Double-toothed kite, ''Harpagus bidentatus'' (A) *Gray-faced buzzard, ''Butastur indicus'' (Guam) (A) *Northern harrier, ''Circus hudsonius'' *Western marsh-harrier, ''Circus aeruginosus'' (A) *Eastern marsh harrier, ''Circus spilonotus'' (Northern Mariana Islands) (A) *Hen harrier, ''Circus cyaneus'' (U.S. Minor Outlying Islands) (A) *Chinese sparrowhawk, ''Accipiter soloensis'' (A) *Sharp-shinned hawk, ''Accipiter striatus'' *Cooper's hawk, ''Accipiter cooperii'' *Northern goshawk, ''Accipiter gentilis'' *Eurasian sparrowhawk, ''Accipiter nisus'' (A) *Black kite, ''Milvus migrans'' (A) *Bald eagle, ''Haliaeetus leucocephalus'' *White-tailed eagle, ''Haliaeetus albicilla'' (C) *Steller's sea-eagle, ''Haliaeetus pelagicus'' (C) *Mississippi kite, ''Ictinia mississippiensis'' *Crane hawk, ''Geranospiza caerulescens'' (A) *Snail kite, ''Rostrhamus sociabilis'' *Common black hawk, ''Buteogallus anthracinus'' *Great black hawk, ''Buteogallus urubitinga'' (A) *Roadside hawk, ''Rupornis magnirostris'' (C) *Harris's hawk, ''Parabuteo unicinctus'' *White-tailed hawk, ''Geranoaetus albicaudatus'' *Gray hawk, ''Buteo plagiatus'' *Red-shouldered hawk, ''Buteo lineatus'' *Broad-winged hawk, ''Buteo platypterus'' *Hawaiian hawk, ''Buteo solitarius'' (EH) *Short-tailed hawk, ''Buteo brachyurus'' *Swainson's hawk, ''Buteo swainsoni'' *Zone-tailed hawk, ''Buteo albonotatus'' *Red-tailed hawk, ''Buteo jamaicensis'' *Rough-legged hawk, ''Buteo lagopus'' *Ferruginous hawk, ''Buteo regalis'' *Long-legged buzzard, ''Buteo rufinus'' (A) *Common buzzard, ''Buteo buteo'' (Northern Mariana Islands) *Eastern buzzard, ''Buteo japonicus'' (Northern Mariana Islands) (A)

Barn-owls

Order: StrigiformesFamily: Tytonidae Owls in the family Tytonidae are medium to large owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. *Barn owl, ''Tyto alba''

Owls

Order: StrigiformesFamily: Strigidae Typical or "true" owls are small to large solitary nocturnal birds of prey. They have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak, and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disk. *Oriental scops-owl, ''Otus sunia'' (A) *Flammulated owl, ''Psiloscops flammeolus'' *Puerto Rican owl, ''Gymnasio nudipes'' (Puerto Rico) (EP) *Whiskered screech-owl, ''Megascops trichopsis'' *Western screech-owl, ''Megascops kennicottii'' *Eastern screech-owl, ''Megascops asio'' *Great horned owl, ''Bubo virginianus'' *Snowy owl, ''Bubo scandiacus'' *Northern hawk owl, ''Surnia ulula'' *Northern pygmy-owl, ''Glaucidium gnoma'' *Ferruginous pygmy-owl, ''Glaucidium brasilianum'' *Elf owl, ''Micrathene whitneyi'' *Burrowing owl, ''Athene cunicularia'' *Mottled owl, ''Strix virgata'' (A) *Spotted owl, ''Strix occidentalis'' *Barred owl, ''Strix varia'' *Great gray owl, ''Strix nebulosa'' *Long-eared owl, ''Asio otus'' *Stygian owl, ''Asio stygius'' (A) *Short-eared owl, ''Asio flammeus'' *Boreal owl, ''Aegolius funereus'' *Northern saw-whet owl, ''Aegolius acadicus'' *Northern boobook, ''Ninox scutulata'' (A)

Trogons

Order: TrogoniformesFamily: Trogonidae Trogons are residents of tropical forests worldwide with the greatest diversity in Central America, Central and South America. They feed on insects and fruit, and their broad bills and weak legs reflect their diet and arboreal habits. Although their flight is fast, they are reluctant to fly any distance. Trogons do not migrate. Trogons have soft, often colorful, feathers with distinctive male and female plumage. They nest in holes in trees or termite, termite nests, laying white or pastel-colored eggs. *Elegant trogon, ''Trogon elegans'' *Eared quetzal, ''Euptilotis neoxenus'' (C)

Hoopoes

Order: UpupiformesFamily: Upupidae Hoopoes spend much time on the ground hunting insects and worms. This black, white, and pink bird is quite unmistakable, especially in its erratic flight, which is like that of a giant butterfly. The crest is erectile, but is mostly kept closed. It walks on the ground like a starling. The song is a trisyllabic ''oop-oop-oop'', which gives rise to its English and scientific names. *Eurasian hoopoe, ''Upupa epops'' (A)

Todies

Order: CoraciiformesFamily: Todidae Tody, Todies are a group of small near passerine forest species endemic to the Caribbean. These birds have colorful plumage and resembles kingfishers, but have flattened bills with serrated edges. They eat small prey such as insects and lizards. *Puerto Rican tody, ''Todus mexicanus'' (Puerto Rico) (EP)

Kingfishers

Order: CoraciiformesFamily: Alcedinidae Kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long, pointed bills, short legs, and stubby tails. *Common kingfisher, ''Alcedo atthis'' (Guam) (A) *Pacific kingfisher, ''Todiramphus sacer'' (American Samoa) *Guam kingfisher, ''Todiramphus cinnamominus'' (Guam) (EG) *Collared kingfisher, ''Todiramphus chloris'' (American Samoa) *Mariana kingfisher, ''Todiramphus albicilla'' (Northern Mariana Islands) (ENM) *Ringed kingfisher, ''Megaceryle torquata'' *Belted kingfisher, ''Megaceryle alcyon'' *Amazon kingfisher, ''Chloroceryle amazona'' (A) *Green kingfisher, ''Chloroceryle americana''

Rollers

Order: CoraciiformesFamily: Coraciidae Rollers resemble crows in size and build, but are more closely related to the kingfishers and bee-eaters. They share the colorful appearance of those groups with blues and browns predominating. The two inner front toes are connected, but the outer toe is not. *Oriental dollarbird, ''Eurystomus orientalis'' (Guam, Northern Mariana Islands) (A)

Woodpeckers

Order: PiciformesFamily: Picidae Woodpeckers are small to medium-sized birds with chisel-like beaks, short legs, stiff tails, and long tongues used for capturing insects. Some species have feet with two toes pointing forward and two backward, while several species have only three toes. Many woodpeckers have the habit of tapping noisily on tree trunks with their beaks. *Eurasian wryneck, ''Jynx torquilla'' (A) *Lewis's woodpecker, ''Melanerpes lewis'' *Puerto Rican woodpecker, ''Melanerpes portoricensis'' (Puerto Rico, extirpated from U.S. Virgin Islands) (EP) *Red-headed woodpecker, ''Melanerpes erythrocephalus'' *Acorn woodpecker, ''Melanerpes formicivorus'' *Gila woodpecker, ''Melanerpes uropygialis'' *Golden-fronted woodpecker, ''Melanerpes aurifrons'' *Red-bellied woodpecker, ''Melanerpes carolinus'' *Williamson's sapsucker, ''Sphyrapicus thyroideus'' *Yellow-bellied sapsucker, ''Sphyrapicus varius'' *Red-naped sapsucker, ''Sphyrapicus nuchalis'' *Red-breasted sapsucker, ''Sphyrapicus ruber'' *American three-toed woodpecker, ''Picoides dorsalis'' *Black-backed woodpecker, ''Picoides arcticus'' *Great spotted woodpecker, ''Dendrocopos major'' (C) *Downy woodpecker, ''Dryobates pubescens'' *Nuttall's woodpecker, ''Dryobates nuttallii'' *Ladder-backed woodpecker, ''Dryobates scalaris'' *Red-cockaded woodpecker, ''Dryobates borealis'' (EM) *Hairy woodpecker, ''Dryobates villosus'' *White-headed woodpecker, ''Dryobates albolarvatus'' *Arizona woodpecker, ''Dryobates arizonae'' *Northern flicker, ''Colaptes auratus'' *Gilded flicker, ''Colaptes chrysoides'' *Pileated woodpecker, ''Dryocopus pileatus'' *Ivory-billed woodpecker, ''Campephilus principalis'' (E?)(Ex?)

Falcons and caracaras

Order: FalconiformesFamily: Falconidae Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey, notably the falcons and caracaras. They differ from hawks, eagles, and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their talons. *Collared forest-falcon, ''Micrastur semitorquatus'' (A) *Crested caracara, ''Caracara plancus'' *Eurasian kestrel, ''Falco tinnunculus'' (C) *American kestrel, ''Falco sparverius'' *Red-footed falcon, ''Falco vespertinus'' (A) *Amur falcon, ''Falco amurensis'' (Northern Mariana Islands) (A) *Merlin (bird), Merlin, ''Falco columbarius'' *Eurasian hobby, ''Falco subbuteo'' (C) *Aplomado falcon, ''Falco femoralis'' *Gyrfalcon, ''Falco rusticolus'' *Peregrine falcon, ''Falco peregrinus'' *Prairie falcon, ''Falco mexicanus''

Cockatoos

Order: PsittaciformesFamily: Cacatuidae Cockatoos share many features with true parrots (family Psittacidae) including the characteristic curved beak shape and a zygodactyl foot, with two forward toes and two backwards toes. They differ, however in a number of characteristics, including the movable headcrest, and their lack of the Dyck texture feather composition, which gives many parrots their iridescent colors. Cockatoos are also, on average, larger than the true parrots. *Tanimbar corella, ''Cacatua goffiniana'' (Puerto Rico) (I) *Sulphur-crested cockatoo, ''Cacatua galerita'' (Puerto Rico) (I) *White cockatoo, ''Cacatua alba'' (Puerto Rico) (I)

New World and African parrots

Order: PsittaciformesFamily: parrot, Psittacidae Characteristic features of parrots include a strong curved bill, an upright stance, strong legs, and clawed zygodactyl feet. Many parrots are vividly colored, and some are multi-colored. In size they range from to in length. Most of the more than 150 species in this family are found in the New World. *Monk parakeet, ''Myiopsitta monachus'' (I) *Carolina parakeet, ''Conuropsis carolinensis'' (E) *Orange-fronted parakeet, ''Eupsittula canicularis'' (Puerto Rico) (I) *Brown-throated parakeet, ''Eupsittula pertinax'' (Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands) (I)(Ex?) *Nanday parakeet, ''Aratinga nenday'' (I) *Green parakeet, ''Psittacara holochlorus'' *Puerto Rican parakeet, ''Psittacara maugei'' (Puerto Rico) (EP) *Hispaniolan parakeet, ''Psittacara choloropterus'' (Puerto Rico) (I) *Mitred parakeet, ''Psittacara mitratus'' (I) *Red-masked parakeet, ''Psittacara erythrogenys'' (Puerto Rico) (I) *Thick-billed parrot, ''Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha'' (Ex) *White-winged parakeet, ''Brotogeris versicolurus'' (I) *Yellow-chevroned parakeet, ''Brotogeris chiriri'' (I) *White-fronted parrot, ''Amazon albifrons'' (Puerto Rico) (I) *Hispaniolan parrot, ''Amazona ventralis'' (Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands) (I) *Puerto Rican parrot, ''Amazona vittata'' (Puerto Rico) (EP) *Orange-winged parrot, ''Amazona amazonica'' (Puerto Rico) (I) *Red-crowned parrot, ''Amazona viridigenalis'' (I) *Yellow-headed parrot, ''Amazona oratrix'' (Puerto Rico) (I)

Old World parrots

Order: PsittaciformesFamily: Psittaculidae Vini_australis_-London_Zoo,_England-8a

Characteristic features of parrots include a strong curved bill, an upright stance, strong legs, and clawed zygodactyl feet. Many parrots are vividly colored, and some are multi-colored. In size they range from to in length. Old World parrots are found from Africa east across south and southeast Asia and Oceania to Australia and New Zealand. *Rose-ringed parakeet, ''Psittacula krameri'' (I) *Blue-crowned lorikeet, ''Vini australis'' (American Samoa) *Rosy-faced lovebird, ''Agapornis roseicollis'' (I)

Tityras and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Tityridae Tityridae is family of suboscine passerine birds found in forest and woodland in the Neotropics. The approximately 30 species in this family were formerly lumped with the families Pipridae and Cotingidae (''see Taxonomy (biology), Taxonomy''). As yet, no widely accepted common name exists for the family, although ''Tityras and allies'' and ''Tityras, mourners, and allies'' have been used. They are small to medium-sized birds. *Masked tityra, ''Tityra semifasciata'' (A) *Gray-collared becard, ''Pachyramphus major'' (A) *Rose-throated becard, ''Pachyramphus aglaiae''

Honeyeaters

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Meliphagidae Micronesian_Honey_Eater

The honeyeaters are a large and diverse family of small to medium-sized birds most common in Australia and New Guinea. They are nectar feeders and closely resemble other nectar-feeding passerines. *Micronesian myzomela, ''Myzomela rubratra'' (Northern Mariana Islands; extirpated from Guam) *Cardinal myzomela, ''Myzomela cardinalis'' (American Samoa, extirpated from Guam) *Mao (bird), Mao, ''Gymnomyza samoensis'' (American Samoa) (Ex) *Eastern wattled-honeyeater, ''Foulehaio carunculatus'' (American Samoa)

Cuckooshrikes

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Campephagidae The cuckooshrikes are small to medium-sized passerine birds. They are predominantly grayish with white and black, although some species are brightly colored. *Ashy minivet, ''Pericrocotus divaricatus'' (Northern Mariana Islands) (A)

Drongos

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Dicruridae The drongos are mostly black or dark gray in color, sometimes with metallic tints. They have long forked tails, and some Asian species have elaborate tail decorations. They have short legs and sit very upright when perched, like a shrike. They flycatch or take prey from the ground. *Black drongo, ''Dicrurus macrocercus'' (Guam, Northern Mariana Islands) (I)

Fantails

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Rhipiduridae The fantails are small insectivorous birds which are specialist aerial feeders. *Rufous fantail, ''Rhipidura rufifrons'' (Guam, Northern Mariana Islands) (Ex)

Tyrant flycatchers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Tyrannidae Tyrant flycatchers are Passerine birds which occur throughout North and South America. They superficially resemble the Old World flycatchers, but are more robust and have stronger bills. They do not have the sophisticated vocal capabilities of the songbirds. Most, but not all, are rather plain. As the name implies, most are insectivorous. *Northern beardless-tyrannulet, ''Camptostoma imberbe'' *Greenish elaenia, ''Myiopagis viridicata'' (A) *Small-billed elaenia, ''Elaenia parvirostris'' (A) *Caribbean elaenia, ''Elaenia martinica'' (Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands) *White-crested elaenia, ''Elaenia albiceps'' (A) *Dusky-capped flycatcher, ''Myiarchus tuberculifer'' + *Ash-throated flycatcher, ''Myiarchus cinerascens'' *Nutting's flycatcher, ''Myiarchus nuttingi'' *Great crested flycatcher, ''Myiarchus crinitus'' *Brown-crested flycatcher, ''Myiarchus tyrannulus'' *La Sagra's flycatcher, ''Myiarchus sagrae'' *Stolid flycatcher, ''Myiarchus stolidus'' (U.S. Virgin Islands) (A) *Puerto Rican flycatcher, ''Myiarchus antillarum'' (Puerto Rico) (EP) *Great kiskadee, ''Pitangus sulphuratus'' *Social flycatcher, ''Myiozetetes similis'' (A) *Sulphur-bellied flycatcher, ''Myiodynastes luteiventris'' *Piratic flycatcher, ''Legatus leucophaius'' (C) *Variegated flycatcher, ''Empidonomus varius'' (A) *Crowned slaty flycatcher, ''Empidonomus aurantioatrocristatus'' (A) *Tropical kingbird, ''Tyrannus melancholicus'' *Couch's kingbird, ''Tyrannus couchii'' *Cassin's kingbird, ''Tyrannus vociferans'' *Thick-billed kingbird, ''Tyrannus crassirostris'' *Western kingbird, ''Tyrannus verticalis'' *Eastern kingbird, ''Tyrannus tyrannus'' *Gray kingbird, ''Tyrannus dominicensis'' *Loggerhead kingbird, ''Tyrannus caudifasciatus'' (A) *Scissor-tailed flycatcher, ''Tyrannus forficatus'' *Fork-tailed flycatcher, ''Tyrannus savana'' *Tufted flycatcher, ''Mitrephanes phaeocercus'' (C) *Olive-sided flycatcher, ''Contopus cooperi'' *Greater pewee, ''Contopus pertinax'' *Western wood-pewee, ''Contopus sordidulus'' *Eastern wood-pewee, ''Contopus virens'' *Cuban pewee, ''Contopus caribaeus'' (A) *Hispaniolan pewee, ''Contopus hispaniolensis'' (Puerto Rico) (A) *Lesser Antillean pewee, ''Contopus latirostris'' (Puerto Rico) *Yellow-bellied flycatcher, ''Empidonax flaviventris'' *Acadian flycatcher, ''Empidonax virescens'' *Alder flycatcher, ''Empidonax alnorum'' *Willow flycatcher, ''Empidonax traillii'' *Least flycatcher, ''Empidonax minimus'' *Hammond's flycatcher, ''Empidonax hammondii'' *American grey flycatcher, Gray flycatcher, ''Empidonax wrightii'' *American dusky flycatcher, Dusky flycatcher, ''Empidonax oberholseri'' *Pine flycatcher, ''Empidonax affinis'' (A) *Pacific-slope flycatcher, ''Empidonax difficilis'' *Cordilleran flycatcher, ''Empidonax occidentalis'' *Black phoebe, ''Sayornis nigricans'' *Eastern phoebe, ''Sayornis phoebe'' *Say's phoebe, ''Sayornis saya'' *Vermilion flycatcher, ''Pyrocephalus rubinus''

Vireos, shrike-babblers, and erpornis

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Vireonidae The vireos are a group of small to medium-sized passerine birds mostly restricted to the New World, though a few other species in the family are found in Asia. They are typically greenish in color and resemble wood-warblers apart from their heavier bills. *Black-capped vireo, ''Vireo atricapilla'' *White-eyed vireo, ''Vireo griseus'' *Thick-billed vireo, ''Vireo crassirostris'' (C) *Cuban vireo, ''Vireo gundlachii'' (A) *Puerto Rican vireo, ''Vireo latimeri'' (Puerto Rico) (EP) *Bell's vireo, ''Vireo bellii'' *Gray vireo, ''Vireo vicinior'' *Hutton's vireo, ''Vireo huttoni'' *Yellow-throated vireo, ''Vireo flavifrons'' *Cassin's vireo, ''Vireo cassinii'' *Blue-headed vireo, ''Vireo solitarius'' *Plumbeous vireo, ''Vireo plumbeus'' *Philadelphia vireo, ''Vireo philadelphicus'' *Warbling vireo, ''Vireo gilvus'' *Red-eyed vireo, ''Vireo olivaceus'' *Yellow-green vireo, ''Vireo flavoviridis'' *Black-whiskered vireo, ''Vireo altiloquus'' *Yucatan vireo, ''Vireo magister'' (A)

Monarch flycatchers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Monarchidae The Monarchinae are a relatively recent grouping of a number of seemingly very different birds, mostly from the Southern Hemisphere, which are more closely related than they at first appear. Many of the approximately 140 species making up the family were previously assigned to other groups, largely on the basis of general morphology or behavior. With the new insights generated by the DNA-DNA hybridisation studies of Sibley and his co-workers toward the end of the 20th century, however, it became clear that these apparently unrelated birds were all descended from a common ancestor. The Monarchinae are small to medium-sized insectivorous passerines, many of which hunt by flycatching. Five of the species listed below (three species endemic to Hawaii, one species found in American Samoa, and one species endemic to the Northern Mariana Islands) represent the group in the United States. One species, the

, is extinct because of the introduced

. *Kauai elepaio, ''Chasiempis sclateri'' (EH) *Oahu elepaio, ''Chasiempis ibidis'' (EH) *Hawaii elepaio, ''Chasiempis sandwichensis'' (EH) *Fiji shrikebill, ''Clytorhynchus vitiensi'' (American Samoa) *Tinian monarch, ''Monarcha takatsukasae'' (Northern Mariana Islands) (ENM) *

, ''Myiagra freycineti'' (Guam) (EG) (E)

Shrikes

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Laniidae Shrikes are passerine birds known for their habit of catching other birds and small animals and impaling the uneaten portions of their bodies on thorns. A shrike's beak is hooked, like that of a typical bird of prey. *Brown shrike, ''Lanius cristatus'' (C) *Red-backed shrike, ''Lanius collurio'' (A) *Loggerhead shrike, ''Lanius ludovicianus'' *Northern shrike, ''Lanius borealis''

Crows, jays, and magpies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Corvidae The family Corvidae includes crows, ravens, jays, choughs, magpies, treepies, nutcracker (bird), nutcrackers, and ground jays. Corvids are above average in size among the Passeriformes, and some of the larger species show high levels of intelligence. Since about 2012, nesting fish crows have increasingly been documented in Canada along the northwest shore of Lake Ontario, so the species will probably soon no longer be considered endemic to the lower 48 U.S. states. *Canada jay, ''Perisoreus canadensis'' *Brown jay, ''Psilorhinus morio'' (C) *Green jay, ''Cyanocorax yncas'' *Pinyon jay, ''Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus'' *Steller's jay, ''Cyanocitta stelleri'' *Blue jay, ''Cyanocitta cristata'' *Florida scrub-jay, ''Aphelocoma coerulescens'' (EM) *Island scrub-jay, ''Aphelocoma insularis'' (EM) *California scrub-jay, ''Aphelocoma californica'' (Not yet assessed by the IUCN) *Woodhouse's scrub-jay, ''Aphelocoma woodhouseii'' (Not yet assessed by the IUCN) *Mexican jay, ''Aphelocoma wollweberi'' *Clark's nutcracker, ''Nucifraga columbiana'' *Black-billed magpie, ''Pica hudsonia'' *Yellow-billed magpie, ''Pica nuttalli'' (EM) *Eurasian jackdaw, ''Corvus monedula'' (C) *Mariana crow, ''Corvus kubaryi'' (Guam, Northern Mariana Islands) *American crow, ''Corvus brachyrhynchos'' *White-necked crow, ''Corvus leucognaphalus'' (U.S. Minor Outlying Islands, Puerto Rico) (Ex) *Tamaulipas crow, ''Corvus imparatus'' *Fish crow, ''Corvus ossifragus'' (EM) *Hawaiian crow, ''Corvus hawaiiensis'' (EH) *Chihuahuan raven, ''Corvus cryptoleucus'' (A) *Common raven, ''Corvus corax''

Penduline-tits

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Remizidae The only member of this family in the New World, the verdin is one of the smallest passerines in North America. It is gray overall and adults have a bright yellow head and rufous "shoulder patch" (the lesser coverts). Verdins are insectivore, insectivorous, continuously foraging among the desert trees and scrubs. They are usually solitary except when they pair up to construct their conspicuous nests. *Verdin, ''Auriparus flaviceps''

Tits, chickadees, and titmice

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Paridae The Paridae are mainly small stocky woodland species with short stout bills. Some have crests. They are adaptable birds, with a mixed diet including seeds and insects. *Carolina chickadee, ''Poecile carolinensis''(EM) *Black-capped chickadee, ''Poecile atricapillus'' *Mountain chickadee, ''Poecile gambeli'' *Mexican chickadee, ''Poecile sclateri'' *Chestnut-backed chickadee, ''Poecile rufescens'' *Boreal chickadee, ''Poecile hudsonicus'' *Gray-headed chickadee, ''Poecile cinctus'' *Bridled titmouse, ''Baeolophus wollweberi'' *Oak titmouse, ''Baeolophus inornatus'' *Juniper titmouse, ''Baeolophus ridgwayi'' *Tufted titmouse, ''Baeolophus bicolor'' *Black-crested titmouse, ''Baeolophus atricristatus''

Larks

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Alaudidae Larks are small terrestrial birds with often extravagant songs and display flights. Most larks are fairly dull in appearance. Their food is insects and seeds. *Eurasian skylark, ''Alauda arvensis'' (see note for occurrence) *Horned lark, ''Eremophila alpestris''

Reed warblers and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Acrocephalidae The members of this family are usually rather large for "warblers". Most are rather plain olivaceous brown above with much yellow to beige below. They are usually found in open woodland, reedbeds, or tall grass. The family occurs mostly in southern to western Eurasia and surroundings, but also ranges far into the Pacific, with some species in Africa. *icterine warbler, ''Hippolais icterina'' (A) *Thick-billed warbler, ''Arundinax aedon'' (A) *Millerbird, ''Acrocephalus familiaris'' (EH) *Sedge warbler, ''Acrocephalus schoenobaenus'' (A) *Blyth's reed warbler, ''Acrocephalus dumetorum'' (A) *Nightingale reed warbler, ''Acrocephalus luscinius'' (Guam) (EG) (E) *Saipan reed warbler, ''Acrocephalus hiwae'' (Northern Mariana Islands) (ENM) *Aguiguan reed warbler, ''Acrocephalus nijoi'' (Northern Mariana Islands) (ENM) (E) *Pagan reed warbler, ''Acrocephalus yamashinae'' (Northern Mariana Islands) (ENM) (E)

Grassbirds and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Locustellidae Locustellidae are a family of small insectivorous songbirds found mainly in Eurasia, Africa, and the Australian region. They are smallish birds with tails that are usually long and pointed, and tend to be drab brownish or buffy all over. *Pallas's grasshopper warbler, ''Helopsaltes certhiola'' (A) *Middendorff's grasshopper warbler, ''Helopsaltes ochotensis'' (C) *Lanceolated warbler, ''Locustella lanceolata'' (A) *River warbler, ''Locustella fluviatilis'' (A)

Swallows

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Hirundinidae The family Hirundinidae is adapted to aerial feeding. They have a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings, and a short bill with a wide gape. The feet are adapted to perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base. *Bank swallow, ''Riparia riparia'' *Tree swallow, ''Tachycineta bicolor'' *Bahama swallow, ''Tachycineta cyaneoviridis'' (C) *Violet-green swallow, ''Tachycineta thalassina'' *Mangrove swallow, ''Tachycineta albilinea'' (A) *Northern rough-winged swallow, ''Stelgidopteryx serripennis'' *Brown-chested martin, ''Progne tapera'' (A) *Purple martin, ''Progne subis'' *Southern martin, ''Progne elegans'' (A) *Gray-breasted martin, ''Progne chalybea'' (A) *Cuban martin, ''Progne cryptoleuca'' (A) *Caribbean martin, ''Progne dominicensis'' (Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands) *Barn swallow, ''Hirundo rustica'' *Common house-martin, ''Delichon urbica'' (C) *American cliff swallow, Cliff swallow, ''Petrochelidon pyrrhonota'' *Cave swallow, ''Petrochelidon fulva''

Long-tailed tits

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Aegithalidae The long-tailed tits are a family of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They make woven bag nests in trees. Most eat a mixed diet which includes insects. *American bushtit, Bushtit, ''Psaltriparus minimus''

Bush warblers and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Scotocercidae The members of this family are found throughout Africa, Asia, and Polynesia. *Japanese bush-warbler, ''Horornis diphone'' (I)

Leaf warblers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Phylloscopidae Leaf warblers are a family of small insectivorous birds found mostly in Eurasia and ranging into Wallacea and Africa. The Arctic warbler breeds east into Alaska. The species are of various sizes, often green-plumaged above and yellow below, or more subdued with grayish-green to grayish-brown colors. *Willow warbler, ''Phylloscopus trochilus'' (A) *Common chiffchaff, ''Phylloscopus collybita'' (A) *Wood warbler, ''Phylloscopus sibilatrix'' (A) *Dusky warbler, ''Phylloscopus fuscatus'' (C) *Pallas's leaf warbler, ''Phylloscopus proregulus'' (A) *Yellow-browed warbler, ''Phylloscopus inornatus'' (C) *Arctic warbler, ''Phylloscopus borealis'' *Kamchatka leaf warbler, ''Phylloscopus examinandus'' (A)

Bulbuls

Order: PasseriformesFamily: bulbul, Pycnonotidae The bulbuls are a family of medium-sized passerine songbirds native to Africa and tropical Asia. These are noisy and gregarious birds with often beautiful striking songs. *Red-vented bulbul, ''Pycnonotus cafer'' (I) *Red-whiskered bulbul ''Pycnonotus jocosus'' (I)

Sylviid warblers, parrotbills, and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Sylviidae The family Sylviidae is a group of small insectivorous passerine birds. They mainly occur as breeding species, as the common name implies, in Europe, Asia, and to a lesser extent Africa. Most are of generally undistinguished appearance, but many have distinctive songs. *Lesser whitethroat, ''Sylvia curruca'' (A) *Wrentit, ''Chamaea fasciata''

White-eyes, yuhinas, and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Zosteropidae Golden_White-Eye_palm

The white-eyes are small passerine birds native to tropical and sub-tropical Africa, southern Asia, and Australasia. The birds of this group are mostly of undistinguished appearance, their plumage above being generally some dull color like greenish-olive, but some species have a white or bright yellow throat, breast, or lower parts, and several have buff flanks. But as indicated by their scientific name, derived from the Ancient Greek for girdle-eye, there is a conspicuous ring around the eyes of many species. They have rounded wings and strong legs. The size ranges up to 15 cm (6 inches) in length. All the species of white-eyes are sociable, forming large flocks which only separate on the approach of the breeding season. Though mainly insectivorous, they eat nectar and fruits of various kinds. *Golden white-eye, ''Cleptornis marchei'' (Northern Mariana Islands) (ENM) *Warbling white-eye, ''Zosterops japonicus'' (I) *Bridled white-eye, ''Zosterops conspicullatus'' (Northern Mariana Islands; Extirpated from Guam) (ENM) *Rota white-eye, ''Zosterops rotensis'' (Northern Mariana Islands) (ENM)

Laughingthrushes

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Leiothrichidae The laughingthrushes are a large family of Old World passerine birds. They are rather diverse in size and coloration, but are characterized by soft fluffy plumage. These birds have strong legs and many are quite terrestrial. This group is not strongly migratory and most species have short rounded wings and a weak flight. *Greater necklaced laughingthrush, ''Garrulax pectoralis'' (I) *Hwamei, ''Garrulax canorus'' (I) *Red-billed leiothrix, ''Leiothrix lutea'' (I)

Kinglets

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Regulidae The kinglets and "crests" are a small family of birds which resemble some warblers. They are very small insectivorous birds in the single genus ''Regulus''. The adults have colored crowns, giving rise to their name. *Ruby-crowned kinglet, ''Corthylio calendula'' *Golden-crowned kinglet, ''Regulus satrapa''

Waxwings

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Bombycillidae The waxwings are a group of passerine birds with soft silky plumage and unique red tips to some of the wing feathers. In the Bohemian and cedar waxwings, these tips look like sealing wax and give the group its name. These are arboreal birds of northern forests. They live on insects in summer and berries in winter. *Bohemian waxwing, ''Bombycilla garrulus'' *Cedar waxwing, ''Bombycilla cedrorum''

Silky-flycatchers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Ptiliogonatidae The silky-flycatchers are a small family of passerine birds which occur mainly in Central America. They are related to waxwings and most species have small crests. *Gray silky-flycatcher, ''Ptiliogonys cinereus'' (A) *Phainopepla, ''Phainopepla nitens''

Hawaiian honeyeaters

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Mohoidae Hawaiian honeyeaters prefer to flit quickly from perch to perch in the outer foliage, stretching up or sideways or hanging upside down at need. They have a highly developed brush-tipped tongue, which is frayed and fringed with bristles which soak up liquids readily. The tongue is flicked rapidly and repeatedly into a flower, the upper mandible then compressing any liquid out when the bill is closed. All species of honeyeaters below were endemic to Hawaii, but are now extinct. The Kauai oo was the last species to survive, and was last seen in 1987. *Kaua‘i ‘ō‘ō, Kauai oo, ''Moho braccatus'' (EH) *O‘ahu ‘ō‘ō, Oahu oo, ''Moho apicalus'' (EH) *Bishop's ʻōʻō, Bishop's oo, ''Moho bishopi'' (EH) *Hawaiʻi ʻōʻō, Hawaii oo, ''Moho nobilis'' (EH) *Kioea, ''Chaetoptila angustipluma'' (EH)

Nuthatches

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Sittidae Nuthatches are small woodland birds. They have the unusual ability to climb down trees head first, unlike other birds which can only go upwards. Nuthatches have big heads, short tails, and powerful bills and feet. *Red-breasted nuthatch, ''Sitta canadensis'' *White-breasted nuthatch, ''Sitta carolinensis'' *Pygmy nuthatch, ''Sitta pygmaea'' *Brown-headed nuthatch, ''Sitta pusilla'' (EM)

Treecreepers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Certhiidae Treecreepers are small woodland birds, brown above and white below. They have thin pointed down-curved bills, which they use to extricate insects from bark. They have stiff tail feathers, like woodpeckers, which they use to support themselves on vertical trees. *Brown creeper, ''Certhia americana''

Gnatcatchers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Polioptilidae These dainty birds resemble Old World warblers in their structure and habits, moving restlessly through the foliage seeking insects. The gnatcatchers are mainly soft bluish gray in color and have the typical insectivore's long sharp bill. Many species have distinctive black head patterns (especially males) and long, regularly cocked, black-and-white tails. *Blue-gray gnatcatcher, ''Polioptila caerulea'' *Black-tailed gnatcatcher, ''Polioptila melanura'' *California gnatcatcher, ''Polioptila californica'' *Black-capped gnatcatcher, ''Polioptila nigriceps''

Wrens

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Troglodytidae Wrens are small and inconspicuous birds, except for their loud songs. They have short wings and thin down-turned bills. Several species often hold their tails upright. All are insectivorous. *Rock wren, ''Salpinctes obsoletus'' *Canyon wren, ''Catherpes mexicanus'' *House wren, ''Troglodytes aedon'' *Pacific wren, ''Troglodytes pacificus'' *Winter wren, ''Troglodytes hiemalis'' *Sedge wren, ''Cistothorus platensis'' *Marsh wren, ''Cistothorus palustris'' *Carolina wren, ''Thryothorus ludovicianus'' *Bewick's wren, ''Thryomanes bewickii'' *Cactus wren, ''Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus'' *Sinaloa wren, ''Thryothorus sinaloa'' (A)

Mockingbirds and thrashers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Mimidae The mimids are a family of passerine birds which includes thrashers, mockingbirds, tremblers, and the New World catbirds. These birds are notable for their vocalization, especially their remarkable ability to mimic a wide variety of birds and other sounds heard outdoors. The species tend towards dull grays and browns in their appearance. *Blue mockingbird, ''Melanotis caerulescens'' (A) *Gray catbird, ''Dumetella carolinensis'' *Pearly-eyed thrasher, ''Margarops fuscatus'' (Puerto Rico) *Curve-billed thrasher, ''Toxostoma curvirostre'' *Brown thrasher, ''Toxostoma rufum'' *Long-billed thrasher, ''Toxostoma longirostre'' *Bendire's thrasher, ''Toxostoma bendirei'' *California thrasher, ''Toxostoma redivivum'' *LeConte's thrasher, ''Toxostoma lecontei'' *Crissal thrasher, ''Toxostoma crissale'' *Sage thrasher, ''Oreoscoptes montanus'' *Bahama mockingbird, ''Mimus gundlachii'' (C) *Northern mockingbird, ''Mimus polyglottos''

Starlings

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Sturnidae Starlings and mynas are small to medium-sized Old World passerine birds with strong feet. Their flight is strong and direct and most are very gregarious. Their preferred habitat is fairly open country, and they eat insects and fruit. The plumage of several species is dark with a metallic sheen. *Micronesian starling, ''Aplonis opaca'' (Guam, Northern Mariana Islands) (ENM / EG) *Polynesian starling, ''Aplonis tabuensis'' (American Samoa) *Samoan starling, ''Alponis atrifusca'' (American Samoa) *

, ''Sturnus vulgaris'' (I) *White-cheeked starling, ''Spodiopsar cineraceus'' (Northern Mariana Islands) (A) *Common myna, ''Acridotheres tristis'' (I) *Jungle myna, ''Acridotheres fuscus'' (American Samoa) (I)

Dippers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Cinclidae Dippers are a group of perching birds whose habitat (ecology), habitat includes aquatic environments in the Americas, Europe, and Asia. They are named for their bobbing or dipping movements. These birds have adaptations which allows them to submerge and walk on the bottom to feed on insect larvae. *American dipper, ''Cinclus mexicanus''

Thrushes and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Turdidae The thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly but not exclusively in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs. *Eastern bluebird, ''Sialia sialis'' *Western bluebird, ''Sialia mexicana'' *Mountain bluebird, ''Sialia currucoides'' *Townsend's solitaire, ''Myadestes townsendi'' *Brown-backed solitaire, ''Myadestes occidentalis'' (A) *Kāmaʻo, Kamao, ''Myadestes myadestinus'' (EH) *Amaui, ''Myadestes woahensis'' (EH) *Olomao, ''Myadestes lanaiensis'' (EH) *ʻŌmaʻo, Omao, ''Myadestes obscurus'' (EH) *Puaiohi, ''Myadestes palmeri'' (EH) *Orange-billed nightingale-thrush, ''Catharus aurantiirostris'' (A) *Black-headed nightingale-thrush, ''Catharus mexicanus'' (A) *Veery, ''Catharus fuscescens'' *Gray-cheeked thrush, ''Catharus minimus'' *Bicknell's thrush, ''Catharus bicknelli'' *Swainson's thrush, ''Catharus ustulatus'' *Hermit thrush, ''Catharus guttatus'' *Wood thrush, ''Hylocichla mustelina'' *Eurasian blackbird, ''Turdus merula'' (A) *Eyebrowed thrush, ''Turdus obscurus'' *Island thrush, ''Turdus poliocephalus'' (American Samoa) *Dusky thrush, ''Turdus eunomus'' (C) *Naumann's thrush, ''Turdus naumanni'' (A) *Fieldfare, ''Turdus pilaris'' (C) *Redwing, ''Turdus iliacus'' (C) *Song thrush, ''Turdus philomelos'' (A) *Clay-colored thrush, ''Turdus grayi'' *White-throated thrush, ''Turdus assimilis'' (C) *Rufous-backed robin, ''Turdus rufopalliatus'' *American robin, ''Turdus migratorius'' *Red-legged thrush, ''Turdus plumbeus'' (A) *Varied thrush, ''Ixoreus naevius'' *Aztec thrush, ''Ridgwayia pinicola'' (C)

Old World flycatchers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Muscicapidae The Old World flycatchers form a large family of small passerine birds. These are mainly small arboreal insectivores, many of which, as the name implies, take their prey on the wing. *Gray-streaked flycatcher, ''Muscicapa griseisticta'' (C) *Asian brown flycatcher, ''Muscicapa dauurica'' (A) *Spotted flycatcher, ''Muscicapa striata'' (A) *Dark-sided flycatcher, ''Muscicapa sibirica'' (C) *White-rumped shama, ''Copsychus malabaricus'' (I) *European robin, ''Erithacus rubecula'' (A) *Siberian blue robin, ''Larvivora cyane'' (A) *Rufous-tailed robin, ''Larvivora sibilans'' (A) *Bluethroat, ''Cyanecula svecica'' *Siberian rubythroat, ''Calliope calliope'' *Red-flanked bluetail, ''Tarsiger cyanurus'' (C) *Narcissus flycatcher, ''Ficedula narcissina'' (A) *Mugimaki flycatcher, ''Ficedula mugimaki'' (A) *Taiga flycatcher, ''Ficedula albicilla'' (C) *Common redstart, ''Phoenicurus phoenicurus'' (A) *Asian stonechat, ''Saxicola maurus'' (C) *Northern wheatear, ''Oenanthe oenanthe'' *Pied wheatear, ''Oenanthe pleschanka'' (A)

Olive warbler

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Peucedramidae The olive warbler has a gray body with some olive-green on the wings and two white wing bars. The male's head and breast are orange and there is a black patch through the eye. This is the only species in its family. *Olive warbler, ''Peucedramus taeniatus''

Weavers and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Ploceidae Ploceidae, Weavers are a group of small passerine birds related to the finches. These are seed-eating birds with rounded conical bills, most of which breed in sub-Saharan Africa, with fewer species in tropical Asia. Weavers get their name from the large woven nests many species make. They are gregarious birds which often breed colonially. *Northern red bishop, ''Euplectes franciscanus'' (Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands) (I) *Yellow-crowned bishop, ''Euplectes afer'' (Puerto Rico) (I)

Indigobirds

Order:PasseriformesFamily: Viduidae The Viduidae is a family of small passerine birds native to Africa that includes indigobirds and whydahs. All species are brood parasites which lay their eggs in the nests of estrildid finches. Species usually have black or indigo predominating in their plumage. *Pin-tailed whydah, ''Vidua macroura'' (Puerto Rico) (I)

Waxbills and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Estrildidae The members of this family are small passerine birds native to the Old World tropics. They are gregarious and often colonial seed eaters with short thick but pointed bills. They are all similar in structure and habits, but have wide variation in plumage colors and patterns. *Bronze mannikin, ''Spermestes cucullata'' (Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands) (I) *African silverbill, ''Euodice cantans'' (I) *Indian silverbill, ''Euodice malabarica'' (I) *Java sparrow, ''Padda oryzivora'' (I) *Scaly-breasted munia, ''Lonchura punctulata'' (I) *Tricolored munia, ''Lonchura malacca'' (I) *Chestnut munia, ''Lonchura atricapilla'' (Guam, Puerto Rico) (I) *Red avadavat, ''Amandava amandava'' (I) *Lavender waxbill, ''Glaucestrilda caerulescens'' (I) *Common waxbill, ''Estrilda astrild'' (I)

Accentors

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Prunellidae Accentors are small, fairly drab species superficially similar, but unrelated to, American sparrow, sparrows. However, accentors have thin sharp bills, reflecting their diet of insects in summer, augmented with seeds and berries in winter. *Siberian accentor, ''Prunella montanella'' (C)

Old World sparrows

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Passeridae Old World sparrows are small passerine birds. In general, sparrows tend to be small plump brownish or grayish birds with short tails and short powerful beaks. Sparrows are seed eaters, but they also consume small insects. *House sparrow, ''Passer domesticus'' (I) *Tree sparrow, Eurasian tree sparrow, ''Passer montanus'' (I)

Wagtails and pipits

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Motacillidae Motacillidae is a family of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They include the wagtails, longclaws, and pipits. They are slender ground-feeding insectivores of open country. *Western yellow wagtail, ''Motacilla flava'' (Northern Mariana Islands) (A) *Eastern yellow wagtail, ''Motacilla tschutschensis'' *Citrine wagtail, ''Motacilla citreola'' (A) *Gray wagtail, ''Motacilla cinerea'' (C) *White wagtail, ''Motacilla alba'' *Tree pipit, ''Anthus trivialis'' (A) *Olive-backed pipit, ''Anthus hodgsoni'' *Pechora pipit, ''Anthus gustavi'' (C) *Red-throated pipit, ''Anthus cervinus'' *American pipit, ''Anthus rubescens'' *Sprague's pipit, ''Anthus spragueii''

Finches, euphonias, and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Fringillidae Finches are seed-eating passerine birds that are small to moderately large and have a strong beak, usually conical and in some species very large. All have twelve tail feathers and nine primaries. These birds have a bouncing flight with alternating bouts of flapping and gliding on closed wings, and most sing well. *Common chaffinch, ''Fringilla coelebs'' (C) *Brambling, ''Fringilla montifringilla'' *Antillean euphonia, ''Chlorophonia musica'' (Puerto Rico) *Evening grosbeak, ''Coccothraustes vespertinus'' *Hawfinch, ''Coccothraustes coccothraustes'' (C) *Common rosefinch, ''Carpodacus erythrinus'' (C) *Pallas's rosefinch, ''Carpodacus roseus'' (A) *Poo-uli, ''Melamprosops phaeosoma'' (EH) *Akikiki, ''Oreomystis bairdi'' (EH) *Oahu alauahio, ''Paroreomyza maculata'' (EH) *Kakawahie, ''Paroreomyza flammea'' (EH) *Maui alauahio, ''Paroreomyza montana'' (EH) *Palila, ''Loxiodes balleui'' (EH) *Laysan finch, ''Telespiza cantans'' (EH) *Nihoa finch, ''Telespiza ultima'' (EH) *Kona grosbeak, ''Chloridops kona'' (EH) *Lesser koa-finch, ''Rhodacanthis flaviceps'' (EH) *Greater koa-finch, ''Rhodacanthis palmeri'' (EH) *Ula-ai-hawane, ''Ciridops anna'' (EH) *Akohekohe, ''Palmeria dolei'' (EH) *Laysan honeycreeper, ''Himatione fraithii'' (EH) *Apapane, ''Himatione sanguinea'' (EH) *Iiwi, ''Drepanis coccinea'' (EH) *Hawaii mamo, ''Drepanis pacifica'' (EH) *Black mamo, ''Drepanis funerea'' (EH) *ʻŌʻū, Ou, ''Psittirostra psittacea'' (EH) *Lanai hookbill, ''Dysmorodropanis munroi'' (EH) *Maui parrotbill, ''Pseudonestor xanthrophrys'' (EH) *Kauai nukupuu, ''Hemignathus hanapepe'' (EH) *Oahu nukupuu, ''Hemignathus lucidus'' (EH) *Maui nukupuu, ''Hemignathus affinis'' (EH) *Akiapolaau, ''Hemignathus wilsoni'' (EH) *Lesser akialoa, ''Akialoa obscura'' (EH) *Kauai akialoa, ''Akialoa stejnegeri'' (EH) *Oahu akialoa, ''Akialoa ellisiana'' (EH) *Maui-nui akialoa, ''Akialoa lanaiensis'' (EH) *Anianiau, ''Magumma parva'' (EH) *Hawaii amakihi, ''Chlorodrepanis virens'' (EH) *Oahu amakihi, ''Chlorodrepanis flavus'' (EH) *Kauai amakihi, ''Chlorodrepanis stejnegeri'' (EH) *Greater amakihi, ''Viridonia sagittirostris'' (EH) *Hawaii creeper, ''Loxops mana'' (EH) *Akekee, ''Loxops caeruleirostris'' (EH) *Oahu akepa, ''Loxops wolstenholmei'' (EH) *Maui akepa, ''Loxops ochraceus'' (EH) *Hawaii akepa, ''Loxops coccineus'' (EH) *Pine grosbeak, ''Pinicola enucleator'' *Eurasian bullfinch, ''Pyrrhula pyrrhula'' (C) *Asian rosy-finch, ''Leucosticte arctoa'' (A) *Gray-crowned rosy finch, ''Leucosticte tephrocotis'' *Black rosy-finch, ''Leucosticte atrata'' (EM) *Brown-capped rosy-finch, ''Leucosticte australis'' (EM) *House finch, ''Haemorhous mexicanus'' *Purple finch, ''Haemorhous purpureus'' *Cassin's finch, ''Haemorhous cassinii'' ' *Oriental greenfinch, ''Chloris sinica'' (C) *Yellow-fronted canary, ''Crithagra mozambica'' (I) *Common redpoll, ''Acanthis flammea'' *Hoary redpoll, ''Acanthis hornemanni'' (Not yet assessed by the IUCN) *Red crossbill, ''Loxia curvirostra'' *Cassia crossbill, ''Loxia sinesciuris'' (Not yet assessed by the IUCN) *White-winged crossbill, ''Loxia leucoptera'' *Eurasian siskin, ''Spinus spinus'' (A) *Pine siskin, ''Spinus pinus'' *Lesser goldfinch, ''Spinus psaltria'' *Lawrence's goldfinch, ''Spinus lawrencei'' *American goldfinch, ''Spinus tristis'' *Island canary, ''Serinus canaria'' (I) *Red siskin, ''Spinus cucullata'' (Puerto Rico) (I)

Longspurs and snow buntings

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Calcariidae The Calcariidae are a group of passerine birds that had been traditionally grouped with the New World sparrows, but differ in a number of respects and are usually found in open grassy areas. *Lapland longspur, ''Calcarius lapponicus'' *Chestnut-collared longspur, ''Calcarius ornatus'' *Smith's longspur, ''Calcarius pictus'' *Thick-billed longspur, ''Rhynchophanes mccownii'' *Snow bunting, ''Plectrophenax nivalis'' *McKay's bunting, ''Plectrophenax hyperboreus'' (EM)Montgomerie, R. and B. Lyon (2020). McKay's Bunting (Plectrophenax hyperboreus), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (A. F. Poole, Editor). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.mckbun.01 Retrieved February 27, 2021

Old World buntings

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Emberizidae Emberizidae is a family of passerine birds containing a single genus. Until 2017, the New World sparrows (Passerellidae) were also considered part of this family. *Pine bunting, ''Emberiza leucocephalos'' (A) *Yellow-browed bunting, ''Emberiza chrysophrys'' (A) *Little bunting, ''Emberiza pusilla'' (C) *Rustic bunting, ''Emberiza rustica'' (A) *Yellow-throated bunting, ''Emberiza elegans'' (A) *Yellow-breasted bunting, ''Emberiza aureola'' (A) *Gray bunting, ''Emberiza variabilis'' (A) *Pallas's bunting, ''Emberiza pallasi'' (A) *Reed bunting, ''Emberiza schoeniclus'' (C)

New World sparrows

Oregon Junco - El Chorro Regional Park, San Luis Obispo Co

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Passerellidae Until 2017, these species were considered part of the family Emberizidae. Most of the species are known as sparrows, but these birds are not closely related to the Old World sparrows which are in the family Passeridae. Many of these have distinctive head patterns. *Rufous-winged sparrow, ''Peucaea carpalis'' *Botteri's sparrow, ''Peucaea botterii'' *Cassin's sparrow, ''Peucaea cassinii'' *Bachman's sparrow, ''Peucaea aestivalis'' (EM) *Grasshopper sparrow, ''Ammodramus savannarum'' *Olive sparrow, ''Arremonops rufivirgatus'' *Five-striped sparrow, ''Amphispizopsis quinquestriata'' *Black-throated sparrow, ''Amphispiza bilineata'' *Lark sparrow, ''Chondestes grammacus'' *Lark bunting, ''Calamospiza melanocorys'' *Chipping sparrow, ''Spizella passerina'' *Clay-colored sparrow, ''Spizella pallida'' *Black-chinned sparrow, ''Spizella atrogularis'' *Field sparrow, ''Spizella pusilla'' *Brewer's sparrow, ''Spizella breweri'' *Worthen's sparrow, ''Spizella wortheni'' (A) *Fox sparrow, ''Passerella iliaca'' *American tree sparrow, ''Spizelloides arborea'' *Dark-eyed junco, ''Junco hyemalis'' *Yellow-eyed junco, ''Junco phaeonotus'' *White-crowned sparrow, ''Zonotrichia leucophrys'' *Golden-crowned sparrow, ''Zonotrichia atricapilla'' *Harris's sparrow, ''Zonotrichia querula'' *White-throated sparrow, ''Zonotrichia albicollis'' *Sagebrush sparrow, ''Artemisiospiza nevadensis'' *Bell's sparrow, ''Artemisiospiza belli'' *Vesper sparrow, ''Pooecetes gramineus'' *LeConte's sparrow, ''Ammospiza leconteii'' *Seaside sparrow, ''Ammospiza maritima'' (EM) *Nelson's sparrow, ''Ammospiza nelsoni'' *Saltmarsh sparrow, ''Ammospiza caudacuta'' (EM) *Baird's sparrow, ''Centronyx bairdii'' *Henslow's sparrow, ''Centronyx henslowii'' *Savannah sparrow, ''Passerculus sandwichensis'' *Song sparrow, ''Melospiza melodia'' *Lincoln's sparrow, ''Melospiza lincolnii'' *Swamp sparrow, ''Melospiza georgiana'' *Canyon towhee, ''Melozone fuscus'' *Abert's towhee, ''Melozone aberti'' *California towhee, ''Melozone crissalis'' *Rufous-crowned sparrow, ''Aimophila ruficeps'' *Green-tailed towhee, ''Pipilo chlorurus'' *Spotted towhee, ''Pipilo maculatus'' *Eastern towhee, ''Pipilo erythrophthalmus''

Puerto Rican tanager

Order:PasseriformesFamily: Nesospingidae This species was formerly classified as a tanager (family Thraupidae) but was placed in its own family in 2017. *Puerto Rican tanager, ''Nesospingus speculiferus'' (Puerto Rico) (EP)

Spindalises

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Spindalidae The members of this small family are native to the Greater Antilles. One species occurs fairly frequently in Florida. *Western spindalis, ''Spindalis zena'' *Puerto Rican spindalis, ''Spindalis portoricensis'' (Puerto Rico) (EP)

Yellow-breasted chat

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Icteriidae This species was historically placed in the wood-warblers (Parulidae) but nonetheless most authorities were unsure if it belonged there. It was placed in its own family in 2017. *Yellow-breasted chat, ''Icteria virens''

Troupials and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Icteridae The icterids are a group of small to medium-sized, often colorful passerine birds restricted to the New World and include the grackles, New World blackbirds, and New World orioles. Most species have black as a predominant plumage color which is often enlivened by yellow, orange, or red. *Yellow-headed blackbird, ''Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus'' *Bobolink, ''Dolichonyx oryzivorus'' *Chihuahuan meadowlark, ''Sturnella lilianae'' *Eastern meadowlark, ''Sturnella magna'' *Western meadowlark, ''Sturnella neglecta'' *Puerto Rican oriole, ''Icterus portonicensis'' (Puerto Rico) (EP) *Black-vented oriole, ''Icterus wagleri'' (A) *Orchard oriole, ''Icterus spurius'' *Hooded oriole, ''Icterus cucullatus'' *Venezuelan troupial, ''Icterus icterus'' (I) (Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands) (I) *Streak-backed oriole, ''Icterus pustulatus'' (C) *Bullock's oriole, ''Icterus bullockii'' *Spot-breasted oriole, ''Icterus pectoralis'' (I) *Altamira oriole, ''Icterus gularis'' *Audubon's oriole, ''Icterus graduacauda'' *Baltimore oriole, ''Icterus galbula'' *Black-backed oriole, ''Icterus abeillei'' (A) *Scott's oriole, ''Icterus parisorum'' *Red-winged blackbird, ''Agelaius phoeniceus'' *Tricolored blackbird, ''Agelaius tricolor'' *Tawny-shouldered blackbird, ''Agelaius humeralis'' (A) *Yellow-shouldered blackbird, ''Agelaius xanthomus'' (Puerto Rico) (EP) *Shiny cowbird, ''Molothrus bonariensis'' *Bronzed cowbird, ''Molothrus aeneus'' *Brown-headed cowbird, ''Molothrus ater'' *Rusty blackbird, ''Euphagus carolinus'' *Brewer's blackbird, ''Euphagus cyanocephalus'' *Common grackle, ''Quiscalus quiscula'' *Boat-tailed grackle, ''Quiscalus major'' (EM) *Great-tailed grackle, ''Quiscalus mexicanus'' (A) *Greater Antillean grackle, ''Quiscalus niger'' (Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands)

New World warblers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Parulidae The wood-warblers are a group of small often colorful passerine birds restricted to the New World. Most are arboreal, but some are more terrestrial. Most members of this family are insectivores. *Ovenbird, ''Seiurus aurocapilla'' *Worm-eating warbler, ''Helmitheros vermivorum'' *Louisiana waterthrush, ''Parkesia motacilla'' *Northern waterthrush, ''Parkesia noveboracensis'' *Bachman's warbler, ''Vermivora bachmanii'' *Golden-winged warbler, ''Vermivora chrysoptera'' *Blue-winged warbler, ''Vermivora cyanoptera'' *Black-and-white warbler, ''Mniotilta varia'' *Prothonotary warbler, ''Protonotaria citrea'' *Swainson's warbler, ''Limnothlypis swainsonii'' *Crescent-chested warbler, ''Oreothlypis superciliosa'' (C) *Tennessee warbler, ''Leiothlypis peregrina'' *Orange-crowned warbler, ''Leiothlypis celata'' *Colima warbler, ''Leiothlypis crissalis'' *Lucy's warbler, ''Leiothlypis luciae'' *Nashville warbler, ''Leiothlypis ruficapilla'' *Virginia's warbler, ''Leiothlypis virginiae'' *Connecticut warbler, ''Oporornis agilis'' *Gray-crowned yellowthroat, ''Geothlypis poliocephala'' (C) *MacGillivray's warbler, ''Geothlypis tolmiei'' *Mourning warbler, ''Geothlypis philadelphia'' *Kentucky warbler, ''Geothlypis formosa'' *Common yellowthroat, ''Geothlypis trichas'' *Elfin-woods warbler, ''Setophaga angelae'' (Puerto Rico) (EP) *Hooded warbler, ''Setophaga citrina'' *American redstart, ''Setophaga ruticilla'' *Kirtland's warbler, ''Setophaga kirtlandii'' *Cape May warbler, ''Setophaga tigrina'' *Cerulean warbler, ''Setophaga cerulea'' *Northern parula, ''Setophaga americana'' *Tropical parula, ''Setophaga pitiayumi'' *Magnolia warbler, ''Setophaga magnolia'' *Bay-breasted warbler, ''Setophaga castanea'' *Blackburnian warbler, ''Setophaga fusca'' *Yellow warbler, ''Setophaga aestiva'' *Chestnut-sided warbler, ''Setophaga pensylvanica'' *Blackpoll warbler, ''Setophaga striata'' *Black-throated blue warbler, ''Setophaga caerulescens'' *Palm warbler, ''Setophaga palmarum'' *Pine warbler, ''Setophaga pinus'' *Yellow-rumped warbler, ''Setophaga coronata'' *Yellow-throated warbler, ''Setophaga dominica'' *Prairie warbler, ''Setophaga discolor'' *Adelaide's warbler, ''Setophaga adelaidae'' (Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands) (EP) *Grace's warbler, ''Setophaga graciae'' *Black-throated grey warbler, ''Setophaga nigrescens'' *Townsend's warbler, ''Setophaga townsendi'' *Hermit warbler, ''Setophaga occidentalis'' *Golden-cheeked warbler, ''Setophaga chrysoparia'' *Black-throated green warbler, ''Setophaga virens'' *Fan-tailed warbler (Parulidae), Fan-tailed warbler, ''Basileuterus lachrymosus'' (C) *Rufous-capped warbler, ''Basileuterus rufifrons'' *Golden-crowned warbler, ''Basileuterus culicivorus'' (C) *Canada warbler, ''Cardellina canadensis'' *Wilson's warbler, ''Cardellina pusilla'' *Red-faced warbler, ''Cardellina rubrifrons'' *Painted redstart, ''Myioborus pictus'' *Slate-throated redstart, ''Myioborus miniatus'' (C)

Cardinals and allies

Cardinalis cardinalis -Columbus, Ohio, USA-male-8 (1)

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Cardinalidae The cardinals are a family of robust seed-eating birds with strong bills. They are typically associated with open woodland. The sexes usually have distinct plumages. *Hepatic tanager, ''Piranga flava'' *Summer tanager, ''Piranga rubra'' *Scarlet tanager, ''Piranga olivacea'' *Western tanager, ''Piranga ludoviciana'' *Flame-colored tanager, ''Piranga bidentata'' *Crimson-collared grosbeak, ''Rhodothraupis celaeno'' (C) *Northern cardinal, ''Cardinalis cardinalis'' *Pyrrhuloxia, ''Cardinalis sinuatus'' *Yellow grosbeak, ''Pheucticus chrysopeplus'' (C) *Rose-breasted grosbeak, ''Pheucticus ludovicianus'' *Black-headed grosbeak, ''Pheucticus melanocephalus'' *Blue bunting, ''Cyanocompsa parellina'' (C) *Blue grosbeak, ''Passerina caerulea'' *Lazuli bunting, ''Passerina amoena'' *Indigo bunting, ''Passerina cyanea'' *Varied bunting, ''Passerina versicolor'' *Painted bunting, ''Passerina ciris'' *Dickcissel, ''Spiza americana''

Tanagers and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Thraupidae Lesser_Antillean_Bullfinch_RWD5

The tanagers are a large group of small to medium-sized passerine birds restricted to the New World, mainly in the tropics. Many species are brightly colored. As a family they are omnivorous, but individual species specialize in eating fruits, seeds, insects, or other types of food. *Red-crested cardinal, ''Paroaria coronata'' (I) *Yellow-billed cardinal, ''Paroaria capitata'' (I) *Saffron finch, ''Sicalis flaveola'' (I) *Red-legged honeycreeper, ''Cyanerpes cyaneus'' (A) *Bananaquit, ''Coereba flaveola'' (C) *Yellow-faced grassquit, ''Tiaris olivaceus'' (C) *Puerto Rican bullfinch, ''Melopyrrha portoricensis'' (Puerto Rico) (EP) *Lesser Antillean bullfinch, ''Loxigilla noctis'' (U.S. Virgin Islands) *Black-faced grassquit, ''Melanospiza bicolor'' (C) *Morelet's seedeater, ''Sporophila morelleti'' (Not yet assessed by the IUCN)

Notes

References

External links

Birds of the USA
- World Institute for Conservation and Environment {{North American birds Lists of birds of the United States, United States Lists of birds of North America, United States