This is a list of the bird species recorded in Italy. The avifauna of

Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical ...

included a total of 572 species recorded in the wild by October 2022, according to Avibase. Of these species, 13 have been introduced by humans, one has been

extirpated Local extinction, also known as extirpation, refers to a species (or other taxon) of plant or animal that ceases to exist in a chosen geographic area of study, though it still exists elsewhere. Local extinctions are contrasted with global extinct ...

, and four others have not been recorded since before 1950. One species is hypothetical and another's status has not been determined. This list's taxonomic treatment (designation and sequence of orders, families and species) and nomenclature (English and scientific names) are those of ''

The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World ''The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World'' is a book by Jim Clements which presents a list of the bird species of the world. The most recent printed version is the sixth edition (2007), but has been updated yearly, the last version in 202 ...

'', 2022 edition.Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, S. M. Billerman, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2022. The eBird/Clements Checklist of Birds of the World: v2022. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/ Retrieved October 25, 202 The following tags have been used to highlight some categories of occurrence. The notes of population status, such as "endangered", apply to the worldwide population, not that only in Italy, and are from ''Bird Checklists of the World''. *(A) Accidental - a species that rarely or accidentally occurs in Italy, also called a vagrant *(I) Introduced - a species introduced by humans directly or indirectly to Italy which has a self-supporting population *(H) Hypothetical - a species which has been reported but not confirmed *(S) Status uncertain - a species whose status has not been determined

Ducks, geese, and waterfowl

Order: AnseriformesFamily:

Anatidae The Anatidae are the biological family of water birds that includes ducks, geese, and swans. The family has a cosmopolitan distribution, occurring on all the world's continents except Antarctica. These birds are adapted for swimming, floating ...

Anatidae includes the

duck Duck is the common name for numerous species of waterfowl in the family Anatidae. Ducks are generally smaller and shorter-necked than swans and geese, which are members of the same family. Divided among several subfamilies, they are a form ...

s and most duck-like waterfowl, such as

geese A goose ( : geese) is a bird of any of several waterfowl species in the family Anatidae. This group comprises the genera '' Anser'' (the grey geese and white geese) and ''Branta'' (the black geese). Some other birds, mostly related to the she ...

and swans. These birds are adapted to an aquatic existence with webbed feet, flattened bills, and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to an oily coating. *

Snow goose The snow goose (''Anser caerulescens'') is a species of goose native to North America. Both white and dark morphs exist, the latter often known as blue goose. Its name derives from the typically white plumage. The species was previously placed ...

, ''Anser caerulescens'' (A) *

Graylag goose The greylag goose or graylag goose (''Anser anser'') is a species of large goose in the waterfowl family Anatidae and the type species of the genus ''Anser''. It has mottled and barred grey and white plumage and an orange beak and pink legs. A ...

, ''Anser anser'' *

Greater white-fronted goose The greater white-fronted goose (''Anser albifrons'') is a species of goose related to the smaller lesser white-fronted goose (''A. erythropus''). It is named for the patch of white feathers bordering the base of its bill, in fact ''albifrons ...

, ''Anser albifrons'' *

Lesser white-fronted goose The lesser white-fronted goose (''Anser erythropus'') is a goose closely related to the larger white-fronted goose (''A. albifrons''). It breeds in the northernmost Palearctic, but it is a scarce breeder in Europe. There is a re-introduction sc ...

, ''Anser erythropus'' (A) (vulnerable) *

Taiga bean-goose The taiga bean goose (''Anser fabalis'') is a goose that breeds in northern Europe and Asia. This and the tundra bean goose are recognised as separate species by the American Ornithological Society and the International Ornithologists' Union, bu ...

, ''Anser fabalis'' (A) *

Tundra bean-goose The tundra bean goose (''Anser serrirostris'') is a goose that breeds in northern Siberia. This and the taiga bean goose are recognised as separate species by the American Ornithological Society and International Ornithologists' Union, but are ...

, ''Anser serrirostris'' *

Pink-footed goose The pink-footed goose (''Anser brachyrhynchus'') is a goose which breeds in eastern Greenland, Iceland and Svalbard. It is migratory, wintering in northwest Europe, especially Ireland, Great Britain, the Netherlands, and western Denmark. The nam ...

, ''Anser brachyrhynchus'' (A) * Brant, ''Branta bernicla'' (A) *

Barnacle goose The barnacle goose (''Branta leucopsis'') is a species of goose that belongs to the genus '' Branta'' of black geese, which contains species with largely black plumage, distinguishing them from the grey ''Anser'' species. Despite its superficial ...

, ''Branta leucopsis'' (A) * Cackling goose, ''Branta hutchinsii'' (H) * Canada goose, ''Branta canadensis'' * Red-breasted goose, ''Branta ruficollis'' (vulnerable) * Mute swan, ''Cygnus olor'' *

Tundra swan The tundra swan (''Cygnus columbianus'') is a small swan of the Holarctic. The two taxa within it are usually regarded as conspecific, but are also sometimes split into two species: Bewick's swan (''Cygnus bewickii'') of the Palaearctic and th ...

, ''Cygnus columbianus'' *

Whooper swan The whooper swan ( /ˈhuːpə(ɹ) swɒn/) (''Cygnus cygnus''), also known as the common swan, pronounced ''hooper swan'', is a large northern hemisphere swan. It is the Eurasian counterpart of the North American trumpeter swan, and the type speci ...

, ''Cygnus cygnus'' *

Egyptian goose The Egyptian goose (''Alopochen aegyptiaca'') is a member of the duck, goose, and swan family Anatidae. It is native to Africa south of the Sahara and the Nile Valley. Egyptian geese were considered sacred by the Ancient Egyptians, and appear ...

, ''Alopochen aegyptiaca'' (A) * Ruddy shelduck, ''Tadorna ferruginea'' * Common shelduck, ''Tadorna tadorna'' *

Wood duck The wood duck or Carolina duck (''Aix sponsa'') is a species of perching duck found in North America. The drake wood duck is one of the most colorful North American waterfowl. Description The wood duck is a medium-sized perching duck. A ty ...

, ''Aix sponsa'' (I) *

Mandarin duck The mandarin duck (''Aix galericulata'') is a perching duck species native to the East Palearctic. It is medium-sized, at long with a wingspan. It is closely related to the North American wood duck, the only other member of the genus ''Aix'' ...

, ''Aix galericulata'' *

Baikal teal The Baikal teal (''Sibirionetta formosa''), also called the bimaculate duck or squawk duck, is a dabbling duck that breeds in eastern Russia and winters in East Asia. Taxonomy The first formal description of the Baikal teal was by the German ...

, ''Sibirionetta formosa'' (A) (vulnerable) *

Garganey The garganey (''Spatula querquedula'') is a small dabbling duck. It breeds in much of Europe and across the Palearctic, but is strictly migratory, with the entire population moving to southern Africa, India (in particular Santragachi), Banglades ...

, ''Spatula querquedula'' *

Blue-winged teal The blue-winged teal (''Spatula discors'') is a species of bird in the duck, goose, and swan family Anatidae. One of the smaller members of the dabbling duck group, it occurs in North America, where it breeds from southern Alaska to Nova Scoti ...

, ''Spatula discors'' (A) *

Northern shoveler The northern shoveler (; ''Spatula clypeata''), known simply in Britain as the shoveler, is a common and widespread duck. It breeds in northern areas of Europe and across the Palearctic and across most of North America, wintering in southern E ...

, ''Spatula clypeata'' * Gadwall, ''Mareca strepera'' *

Eurasian wigeon The Eurasian wigeon or European wigeon (''Mareca penelope''), also known as the widgeon or the wigeon, is one of three species of wigeon in the dabbling duck genus ''Mareca''. It is common and widespread within its Palearctic range. Taxonomy Th ...

, ''Mareca penelope'' *

American wigeon The American wigeon (''Mareca americana''), also known as the baldpate, is a species of dabbling duck found in North America. Formerly assigned to ''Anas'', this species is classified with the other wigeons in the dabbling duck genus '' Mareca'' ...

, ''Mareca americana'' (A) * Mallard, ''Anas platyrhynchos'' *

Northern pintail The pintail or northern pintail (''Anas acuta'') is a duck species with wide geographic distribution that breeds in the northern areas of Europe and across the Palearctic and North America. It is migratory and winters south of its breeding ...

, ''Anas acuta'' *

Green-winged teal The green-winged teal (''Anas carolinensis'') is a common and widespread duck that breeds in the northern areas of North America except on the Aleutian Islands. It was considered conspecific with the Eurasian teal (''A. crecca'') for some time, ...

, ''Anas crecca'' *

Marbled teal The marbled duck, or marbled teal (''Marmaronetta angustirostris'') is a medium-sized species of duck from southern Europe, northern Africa, and western and central Asia. The scientific name, ''Marmaronetta angustirostris'', comes from the Greek ...

, ''Marmaronetta angustirostris'' (A) (vulnerable) *

Red-crested pochard The red-crested pochard (''Netta rufina'') is a large diving duck. The scientific name is derived from Greek language, Greek ''Netta'' "duck", and Latin ''rufina'', "golden-red" (from ''rufus'', "ruddy"). Its breeding habitat is lowland marshes a ...

, ''Netta rufina'' *

Canvasback The canvasback (''Aythya valisineria'') is a species of diving duck, the largest found in North America. Taxonomy Scottish-American naturalist Alexander Wilson described the canvasback in 1814. The genus name is derived from Greek ''aithuia'', ...

, ''Aythya valisineria'' (A) *

Common pochard The common pochard (; ''Aythya ferina'') is a medium-sized diving duck. The scientific name is derived from Greek '' aithuia'', an unidentified seabird mentioned by authors including Hesychius and Aristotle, and Latin ''ferina'', "wild game", ...

, ''Aythya ferina'' (vulnerable) *

Ring-necked duck The ring-necked duck (''Aythya collaris'') is a diving duck from North America commonly found in freshwater ponds and lakes. The scientific name is derived from Greek , an unidentified seabird mentioned by authors including Hesychius and Arist ...

, ''Aythya collaris'' (A) *

Ferruginous duck The ferruginous duck (''Aythya nyroca''), also known as ferruginous pochard, common white-eye or white-eyed pochard, is a medium-sized diving duck from Eurosiberia. The scientific name is derived from Greek '' aithuia'' an unidentified seabir ...

, ''Aythya nyroca'' (near-threatened) *

Tufted duck The tufted duck or tufted pochard (''Aythya fuligula'') is a small diving duck with a population of close to one million birds, found in northern Eurasia. The scientific name is derived from Ancient Greek '' aithuia'', an unidentified seabird ment ...

, ''Aythya fuligula'' *

Greater scaup The greater scaup (''Aythya marila''), just scaup in Europe or, colloquially, "bluebill" in North America, is a mid-sized diving duck, larger than the closely related lesser scaup. It spends the summer months breeding in Alaska, northern Canad ...

, ''Aythya marila'' *

King eider The king eider (pronounced ) (''Somateria spectabilis'') is a large sea duck that breeds along Northern Hemisphere Arctic coasts of northeast Europe, North America and Asia. The birds spend most of the year in coastal marine ecosystems at high la ...

, ''Somateria spectabilis'' (A) *

Common eider The common eider (pronounced ) (''Somateria mollissima''), also called St. Cuthbert's duck or Cuddy's duck, is a large ( in body length) sea-duck that is distributed over the northern coasts of Europe, North America and eastern Siberia. It breed ...

, ''Somateria mollissima'' (near-threatened) *

Harlequin duck The harlequin duck (''Histrionicus histrionicus'') is a small sea duck. It takes its name from Harlequin (French ''Arlequin'', Italian ''Arlecchino''), a colourfully dressed character in Commedia dell'arte. The species name comes from the Latin ...

, ''Histrionicus histrionicus'' (A) *

Velvet scoter The velvet scoter (''Melanitta fusca''), also called a velvet duck,Buczacki, Stefan (2005) ''Fauna Britannica'', Hamlyn, London. is a large sea duck, which breeds over the far north of Europe and the Palearctic west of the Yenisey basin. The gen ...

, ''Melanitta fusca'' (vulnerable) *

Common scoter The common scoter (''Melanitta nigra'') is a large sea duck, in length, which breeds over the far north of Europe and the Palearctic east to the Olenyok River. The genus name is derived from Ancient Greek ''melas'', "black", and ''netta'', "du ...

, ''Melanitta nigra'' *

Long-tailed duck The long-tailed duck (''Clangula hyemalis''), formerly known as oldsquaw, is a medium-sized sea duck that breeds in the tundra and taiga regions of the arctic and winters along the northern coastlines of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. It is th ...

, ''Clangula hyemalis'' (vulnerable) * Bufflehead, ''Bucephala albeola'' (A) *

Common goldeneye The common goldeneye or simply goldeneye (''Bucephala clangula'') is a medium-sized sea duck of the genus ''Bucephala'', the goldeneyes. Its closest relative is the similar Barrow's goldeneye. The genus name is derived from the Ancient Greek ...

, ''Bucephala clangula'' * Smew, ''Mergellus albellus'' *

Common merganser The common merganser (North American) or goosander (Eurasian) (''Mergus merganser'') is a large seaduck of rivers and lakes in forested areas of Europe, Asia, and North America. The common merganser eats mainly fish. It nests in holes in trees. ...

, ''Mergus merganser'' *

Red-breasted merganser The red-breasted merganser (''Mergus serrator'') is a diving duck, one of the sawbills. The genus name is a Latin word used by Pliny and other Roman authors to refer to an unspecified waterbird, and ''serrator'' is a sawyer from Latin ''serra' ...

, ''Mergus serrator'' *

Ruddy duck The ruddy duck (''Oxyura jamaicensis'') is a duck from North America and one of the stiff-tailed ducks. The genus name is derived from Ancient Greek ''oxus'', "sharp", and ''oura'', "tail", and ''jamaicensis'' is "from Jamaica". Taxonomy The r ...

, ''Oxyura jamaicensis'' (A) *

White-headed duck The white-headed duck (''Oxyura leucocephala'') is a small diving duck some long. The male has a white head with black crown, a blue bill, and reddish-grey plumage. The female has a dark bill and rather duller colouring. Its breeding habitat is ...

, ''Oxyura leucocephala'' (endangered)

Pheasants, grouse, and allies

Order:

Galliformes Galliformes is an order of heavy-bodied ground-feeding birds that includes turkeys, chickens, quail, and other landfowl. Gallinaceous birds, as they are called, are important in their ecosystems as seed dispersers and predators, and are ofte ...

Family: Phasianidae The Phasianidae are a family of terrestrial birds. In general, they are plump (although they vary in size) and have broad, relatively short wings. *

Hazel grouse The hazel grouse (''Tetrastes bonasia''), sometimes called the hazel hen, is one of the smaller members of the grouse family of birds. It is a sedentary species, breeding across the Palearctic as far east as Hokkaido, and as far west as eastern a ...

, ''Tetrastes bonasia'' *

Rock ptarmigan The rock ptarmigan (''Lagopus muta'') is a medium-sized game bird in the grouse family. It is known simply as the ptarmigan in the UK. It is the official bird for the Canadian territory of Nunavut, where it is known as the ''aqiggiq'' (ᐊᕿ� ...

, ''Lagopus muta'' *

Western capercaillie The western capercaillie (''Tetrao urogallus''), also known as the Eurasian capercaillie, wood grouse, heather cock, cock-of-the-woods, or simply capercaillie , is a heavy member of the grouse family and the largest of all extant grouse species. ...

, ''Tetrao urogallus'' *

Black grouse The black grouse (''Lyrurus tetrix''), also known as northern black grouse, Eurasian black grouse, blackgame or blackcock, is a large game bird in the grouse family. It is a sedentary species, spanning across the Palearctic in moorland and step ...

, ''Lyrurus tetrix'' * Gray partridge, ''Perdix perdix'' *

Ring-necked pheasant The common pheasant (''Phasianus colchicus'') is a bird in the pheasant family (Phasianidae). The genus name comes from Latin ''phasianus'', "pheasant". The species name ''colchicus'' is Latin for "of Colchis" (modern day Georgia), a country on ...

, ''Phasianus colchicus'' (I) * Black francolin, ''Francolinus francolinus'' (I) (extirpated)BirdLife International. 2018. Francolinus francolinus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22678719A131903818. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22678719A131903818.en. Downloaded on 26 April 2021. * Common quail, ''Coturnix coturnix'' * Barbary partridge, ''Alectoris barbara'' * Red-legged partridge, ''Alectoris rufa'' *

Rock partridge The rock partridge or common rock partridge (''Alectoris graeca'') is a gamebird in the pheasant family, Phasianidae, of the order Galliformes (gallinaceous birds). It is native to southern Europe, and is closely related and very similar to its ...

, ''Alectoris graeca'' (near-threatened) *

Erckel's francolin Erckel's spurfowl (''Pternistis erckelii''), also known as Erckel's francolin, is a species of game bird in the family Phasianidae. Taxonomy Erckel's spurfowl was described in 1935 by the German naturalist Eduard Rüppell from specimens collect ...

, ''Pternistis erckelii'' (I)

Flamingos

Order:

Phoenicopteriformes Phoenicopteriformes is a group of water birds which comprises flamingos and their extinct relatives. Flamingos (Phoenicopteriformes) and the closely related grebes ( Podicipedidae) are contained in the parent clade Mirandornithes. Fossil re ...

Family:

Phoenicopteridae Flamingos or flamingoes are a type of wading bird in the family Phoenicopteridae, which is the only extant family in the order Phoenicopteriformes. There are four flamingo species distributed throughout the Americas (including the Caribbean ...

Flamingo Flamingos or flamingoes are a type of wading bird in the family Phoenicopteridae, which is the only extant family in the order Phoenicopteriformes. There are four flamingo species distributed throughout the Americas (including the Caribbea ...

s are gregarious wading birds, usually tall, found in both the Western and Eastern Hemispheres. Flamingos filter-feed on shellfish and algae. Their oddly shaped beaks are specially adapted to separate mud and silt from the food they consume and, uniquely, are used upside-down. *

Greater flamingo The greater flamingo (''Phoenicopterus roseus'') is the most widespread and largest species of the flamingo family. It is found in Africa, the Indian subcontinent, the Middle East, and in southern Europe. Taxonomy The greater flamingo was desc ...

, ''Phoenicopterus roseus''

Grebes

Order: PodicipediformesFamily: Podicipedidae

Grebe Grebes () are aquatic diving birds in the order Podicipediformes . Grebes are widely distributed freshwater birds, with some species also found in marine habitats during migration and winter. Some flightless species exist as well, most notably ...

s are small to medium-large freshwater diving birds. They have lobed toes and are excellent swimmers and divers. However, they have their feet placed far back on the body, making them quite ungainly on land. *

Little grebe The little grebe (''Tachybaptus ruficollis''), also known as dabchick, is a member of the grebe family of water birds. The genus name is from Ancient Greek ''takhus'' "fast" and ''bapto'' "to sink under". The specific ''ruficollis'' is from Lati ...

, ''Tachybaptus ruficollis'' *

Horned grebe The horned grebe or Slavonian grebe (''Podiceps auritus'') is a relatively small waterbird in the family Podicipedidae. There are two known subspecies: ''P. a. auritus'', which breeds in the Palearctic, and ''P. a. cornutus'', which breeds in ...

, ''Podiceps auritus'' (vulnerable) *

Red-necked grebe The red-necked grebe (''Podiceps grisegena'') is a migratory aquatic bird found in the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere. Its wintering habitat is largely restricted to calm waters just beyond the waves around ocean coasts, although ...

, ''Podiceps grisegena'' *

Great crested grebe The great crested grebe (''Podiceps cristatus'') is a member of the grebe family of water birds noted for its elaborate mating display. Taxonomy The great crested grebe was formally described by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in 1758 in t ...

, ''Podiceps cristatus'' * Eared grebe, ''Podiceps nigricollis''

Pigeons and doves

Order:

Columbiformes Columbidae () is a bird family consisting of doves and pigeons. It is the only family in the order Columbiformes. These are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills that in some species feature fleshy ceres. They primarily ...

Family:

Columbidae Columbidae () is a bird family consisting of doves and pigeons. It is the only family in the order Columbiformes. These are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills that in some species feature fleshy ceres. They primarily ...

Pigeon Columbidae () is a bird family consisting of doves and pigeons. It is the only family in the order Columbiformes. These are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills that in some species feature fleshy ceres. They primarily ...

s and

dove Columbidae () is a bird family consisting of doves and pigeons. It is the only family in the order Columbiformes. These are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills that in some species feature fleshy ceres. They primarily ...

s are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy

cere The beak, bill, or rostrum is an external anatomical structure found mostly in birds, but also in turtles, non-avian dinosaurs and a few mammals. A beak is used for eating, preening, manipulating objects, killing prey, fighting, probing for food ...

. *

Rock pigeon The rock dove, rock pigeon, or common pigeon ( also ; ''Columba livia'') is a member of the bird family Columbidae (doves and pigeons). In common usage, it is often simply referred to as the "pigeon". The domestic pigeon (''Columba livia domes ...

, ''Columba livia'' *

Stock pigeon The stock dove (''Columba oenas'') is a species of bird in the family Columbidae, the doves and pigeons. It is widely distributed in the western Palearctic. Taxonomy The stock dove was first formally described by the Swedish naturalist Carl Li ...

, ''Columba oenas'' * Common wood-pigeon, ''Columba palumbus'' *

European turtle-dove The European turtle dove (''Streptopelia turtur'') is a member of the bird family Columbidae, the doves and pigeons. It breeds over a wide area of the south western Palearctic including north Africa but migrates to northern sub-Saharan Africa t ...

, ''Streptopelia turtur'' (vulnerable) * Oriental turtle-dove, ''Streptopelia orientalis'' (A) *

Eurasian collared-dove The Eurasian collared dove (''Streptopelia decaocto'') is a dove species native to Europe and Asia; it was introduced to Japan, North America and islands in the Caribbean. Because of its vast global range and increasing population trend, it ha ...

, ''Streptopelia decaocto'' *

Laughing dove The laughing dove (''Spilopelia senegalensis'') is a small pigeon that is a resident breeder in Africa, the Middle East, South Asia, and Western Australia where it has established itself in the wild after being released from Perth Zoo in 1898. T ...

, ''Streptopelia senegalensis''

Sandgrouse

Order:

Pterocliformes Sandgrouse is the common name for Pteroclidae , a family (biology), family of sixteen species of bird, members of the order Pterocliformes . They are traditionally placed in two Genus, genera. The two central Asian species are classified as ''Sy ...

Family:

Pteroclidae Sandgrouse is the common name for Pteroclidae , a family of sixteen species of bird, members of the order Pterocliformes . They are traditionally placed in two genera. The two central Asian species are classified as '' Syrrhaptes'' and the othe ...

Sandgrouse have small, pigeon like heads and necks, but sturdy compact bodies. They have long pointed wings and sometimes tails and a fast direct flight. Flocks fly to watering holes at dawn and dusk. Their legs are feathered down to the toes. * Pallas's sandgrouse, ''Syrrhaptes paradoxus'' (A) *

Pin-tailed sandgrouse The pin-tailed sandgrouse (''Pterocles alchata'') is a medium large bird in the sandgrouse family. It has a small, pigeon like head and neck and a sturdy, compact body. It has long pointed wings, which are white underneath, a long tail and a fast ...

, ''Pterocles alchata'' (A, probably extirpated) *

Spotted sandgrouse The spotted sandgrouse (''Pterocles senegallus'') is a species of ground dwelling bird in the family Pteroclidae. It is found in arid regions of northern and eastern Africa and across the Middle East and parts of Asia as far east as northwest I ...

, ''Pterocles senegallus'' (A)

Bustards

Order: OtidiformesFamily:

Otididae Bustards, including floricans and korhaans, are large, terrestrial birds living mainly in dry grassland areas and on the steppes of the Old World. They range in length from . They make up the family Otididae (, formerly known as Otidae). Bustard ...

Bustards are large terrestrial birds mainly associated with dry open country and steppes in the Old World. They are omnivorous and nest on the ground. They walk steadily on strong legs and big toes, pecking for food as they go. They have long broad wings with "fingered" wingtips and striking patterns in flight. Many have interesting mating displays. *

Great bustard The great bustard (''Otis tarda'') is a bird in the bustard family, the only member of the genus ''Otis''. It breeds in open grasslands and farmland from northern Morocco, South and Central Europe, to temperate Central and East Asia. European po ...

, ''Otis tarda'' (A) (vulnerable) * Houbara bustard, ''Chlamydotis undulata'' (A) *

Macqueen's bustard MacQueen's bustard (''Chlamydotis macqueenii'') is a large bird in the bustard family. It is native to the desert and steppe regions of Asia, west from the Sinai Peninsula extending across Kazakhstan east to Mongolia. In the 19th century, vagrant ...

, ''Chlamydotis macqueenii'' (A) (vulnerable) *

Little bustard The little bustard (''Tetrax tetrax'') is a bird in the bustard family, the only member of the genus ''Tetrax''. The genus name is from Ancient Greek and refers to a gamebird mentioned by Aristophanes and others. Distribution It breeds in South ...

, ''Tetrax tetrax'' (near-threatened)

Cuckoos

Order:

Cuculiformes Cuckoos are birds in the Cuculidae family, the sole taxon in the order Cuculiformes . The cuckoo family includes the common or European cuckoo, roadrunners, koels, malkohas, couas, coucals and anis. The coucals and anis are sometimes separa ...

Family:

Cuculidae Cuckoos are birds in the Cuculidae family, the sole taxon in the order Cuculiformes . The cuckoo family includes the common or European cuckoo, roadrunners, koels, malkohas, couas, coucals and anis. The coucals and anis are sometimes separa ...

The family Cuculidae includes

cuckoo Cuckoos are birds in the Cuculidae family, the sole taxon in the order Cuculiformes . The cuckoo family includes the common or European cuckoo, roadrunners, koels, malkohas, couas, coucals and anis. The coucals and anis are sometimes separ ...

roadrunner The roadrunners (genus ''Geococcyx''), also known as chaparral birds or chaparral cocks, are two species of fast-running ground cuckoos with long tails and crests. They are found in the southwestern and south-central United States and Mexico, us ...

s and anis. These birds are of variable size with slender bodies, long tails and strong legs. The Old World cuckoos are brood parasites. * Great spotted cuckoo, ''Clamator glandarius'' *

Yellow-billed cuckoo The yellow-billed cuckoo (''Coccyzus americanus'') is a cuckoo. Common folk-names for this bird in the southern United States are rain crow and storm crow. These likely refer to the bird's habit of calling on hot days, often presaging rain or th ...

, ''Coccyzus americanus'' (A) * Black-billed cuckoo, ''Coccyzus erythropthalmus'' (A; not recorded since before 1950) *

Common cuckoo The common cuckoo (''Cuculus canorus'') is a member of the cuckoo order of birds, Cuculiformes, which includes the roadrunners, the anis and the coucals. This species is a widespread summer migrant to Europe and Asia, and winters in Africa. I ...

, ''Cuculus canorus''

Nightjars and allies

Order:

Caprimulgiformes Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal or crepuscular birds in the family Caprimulgidae and order Caprimulgiformes, characterised by long wings, short legs, and very short bills. They are sometimes called goatsuckers, due to the ancient folk tal ...

Family: Caprimulgidae

Nightjar Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal or crepuscular birds in the family Caprimulgidae and order Caprimulgiformes, characterised by long wings, short legs, and very short bills. They are sometimes called goatsuckers, due to the ancient folk tal ...

s are medium-sized nocturnal birds that usually nest on the ground. They have long wings, short legs and very short bills. Most have small feet, of little use for walking, and long pointed wings. Their soft plumage is camouflaged to resemble bark or leaves. * Red-necked nightjar, ''Caprimulgus ruficollis'' (A) * Eurasian nightjar, ''Caprimulgus europaeus'' * Egyptian nightjar, ''Caprimulgus aegyptius'' (A)

Swifts

Order:

Family:

Apodidae The swifts are a family, Apodidae, of highly aerial birds. They are superficially similar to swallows, but are not closely related to any passerine species. Swifts are placed in the order Apodiformes with hummingbirds. The treeswifts are closely ...

Swift Swift or SWIFT most commonly refers to: * SWIFT, an international organization facilitating transactions between banks ** SWIFT code * Swift (programming language) * Swift (bird), a family of birds It may also refer to: Organizations * SWIFT, ...

s are small birds which spend the majority of their lives flying. These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces. Many swifts have long swept-back wings which resemble a crescent or boomerang. * Alpine swift, ''Apus melba'' *

Common swift The common swift (''Apus apus'') is a medium-sized bird, superficially similar to the barn swallow or house martin but somewhat larger, though not stemming from those passerine species, being in the order Apodiformes. The resemblances between t ...

, ''Apus apus'' *

Pallid swift The pallid swift (''Apus pallidus'') is a small bird, superficially similar to a barn swallow or house martin. It is, however, completely unrelated to those passerine species, since the swifts are in the order Apodiformes. The resemblances betwe ...

, ''Apus pallidus'' *

Little swift The little swift (''Apus affinis''), is a small species of swift found in Africa and southwestern Asia, and are vagrants and local breeders in southern Europe. They are found both in urban areas and at rocky cliffs where they build nests in a wa ...

, ''Apus affinis'' (A) *

White-rumped swift The white-rumped swift (''Apus caffer'') is a species of swift. Although this small bird is superficially similar to a house martin, it is not closely related to that passerine species. The resemblances between the swallows and swifts are due ...

, ''Apus caffer'' (A)

Rails, gallinules, and coots

Order:

Gruiformes The Gruiformes are an order containing a considerable number of living and extinct bird families, with a widespread geographical diversity. Gruiform means "crane-like". Traditionally, a number of wading and terrestrial bird families that did ...

Family:

Rallidae The rails, or Rallidae, are a large cosmopolitan family of small- to medium-sized, ground-living birds. The family exhibits considerable diversity and includes the crakes, coots, and gallinules. Many species are associated with wetlands, althou ...

Rallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the

rails Rail or rails may refer to: Rail transport *Rail transport and related matters *Rail (rail transport) or railway lines, the running surface of a railway Arts and media Film * ''Rails'' (film), a 1929 Italian film by Mario Camerini * ''Rail'' ( ...

, crakes,

coot Coots are medium-sized water birds that are members of the rail family, Rallidae. They constitute the genus ''Fulica'', the name being the Latin term for "coot". Coots have predominantly black plumage, and—unlike many rails—they are usually ...

s and

gallinule Moorhens—sometimes called marsh hens—are medium-sized water birds that are members of the rail family (Rallidae). Most species are placed in the genus ''Gallinula'', Latin for "little hen". They are close relatives of coots. They are of ...

s. Typically they inhabit dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, making them difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs and long toes which are well adapted to soft uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and to be weak fliers. *

Water rail The water rail (''Rallus aquaticus'') is a bird of the Rallidae, rail family which breeds in well-vegetated wetlands across Europe, Asia and North Africa. Northern and eastern populations are bird migration, migratory, but this species is a perma ...

, ''Rallus aquaticus'' *

Corn crake The corn crake, corncrake or landrail (''Crex crex'') is a bird in the rail family. It breeds in Europe and Asia as far east as western China, and migrates to Africa for the Northern Hemisphere's winter. It is a medium-sized crake with buff- ...

, ''Crex crex'' *

Spotted crake The spotted crake (''Porzana porzana'') is a small waterbird of the family Rallidae. The scientific name is derived from Venetian terms for small rails. The spotted crake's breeding habitat is marshes and sedge beds across temperate Europe into ...

, ''Porzana porzana'' * Eurasian moorhen, ''Gallinula chloropus'' *

Eurasian coot The Eurasian coot (''Fulica atra''), also known as the common coot, or Australian coot, is a member of the rail and crake bird family, the Rallidae. It is found in Europe, Asia, Australia, New Zealand and parts of North Africa. It has a slaty-bla ...

, ''Fulica atra'' *

Red-knobbed coot The red-knobbed coot or crested coot, (''Fulica cristata''), is a member of the rail and crake bird family, the Rallidae. It is a resident breeder across much of Africa and in southernmost Spain on freshwater lakes and ponds. It builds a nest o ...

, ''Fulica cristata'' (A) * Allen's gallinule, ''Porphyrio alleni'' (A) * Purple gallinule, ''Porphyrio martinica'' (A) * Western swamphen, ''Porphyrio porphyrio'' *

African swamphen The African swamphen (''Porphyrio madagascariensis'') is a species of swamphen occurring in Egypt, Sub-Saharan Africa and Madagascar Madagascar (; mg, Madagasikara, ), officially the Republic of Madagascar ( mg, Repoblikan'i Madagasik ...

, ''Porphyrio madagascariensis'' (A) * Striped crake, ''Amaurornis marginalis'' (A) *

Little crake The little crake (''Zapornia parva'') is a very small waterbird of the family Rallidae. ''parva'' is Latin for "small". Its breeding habitat is reed beds in Europe, mainly in the east, and just into western Asia. This species is migratory, wi ...

, ''Zapornia parva'' *

Baillon's crake Baillon's crake (''Zapornia pusilla''), also known as the marsh crake, is a small waterbird of the family Rallidae. Distribution Their breeding habitat is sedge beds in Europe, mainly in the east, and across the Palearctic. They used to breed i ...

, ''Zapornia pusilla''

Cranes

Order:

Family: Gruidae Cranes are large, long-legged and long-necked birds. Unlike the similar-looking but unrelated herons, cranes fly with necks outstretched, not pulled back. Most have elaborate and noisy courting displays or "dances". * Demoiselle crane, ''Anthropoides virgo'' (A) *

Common crane The common crane (''Grus grus''), also known as the Eurasian crane, is a bird of the family Gruidae, the cranes. A medium-sized species, it is the only crane commonly found in Europe besides the demoiselle crane (''Grus virgo'') and the Siberian ...

, ''Grus grus''

Thick-knees

Order:

Charadriiformes Charadriiformes (, from ''Charadrius'', the type genus of family Charadriidae) is a diverse order of small to medium-large birds. It includes about 390 species and has members in all parts of the world. Most charadriiform birds live near water an ...

Family: Burhinidae The thick-knees are a group of largely tropical waders in the family Burhinidae. They are found worldwide within the tropical zone, with some species also breeding in temperate Europe and Australia. They are medium to large waders with strong black or yellow-black bills, large yellow eyes and cryptic plumage. Despite being classed as waders, most species have a preference for arid or semi-arid habitats. * Eurasian thick-knee, ''Burhinus oedicnemus''

Stilts and avocets

Order:

Family:

Recurvirostridae The Recurvirostridae are a family of birds in the wader suborder Charadrii. It contains two distinct groups of birds, the avocets (one genus) and the stilts (two genera). Description Avocets and stilts range in length from and in weight fro ...

Recurvirostridae is a family of large wading birds, which includes the

avocet The four species of avocets are a genus, ''Recurvirostra'', of waders in the same avian family as the stilts. The genus name comes from Latin , 'curved backwards' and , 'bill'. The common name is thought to derive from the Italian ( Ferrarese) ...

s and stilts. The avocets have long legs and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin, straight bills. *

Black-winged stilt The black-winged stilt (''Himantopus himantopus'') is a widely distributed very long-legged wader in the avocet and stilt family ( Recurvirostridae). The scientific name ''H. himantopus'' is sometimes applied to a single, almost cosmopolitan sp ...

, ''Himantopus himantopus'' *

Pied avocet The pied avocet (''Recurvirostra avosetta'') is a large black and white wader in the avocet and stilt family, Recurvirostridae. They breed in temperate Europe and across the Palearctic to Central Asia then on to the Russian Far East. It is a ...

, ''Recurvirostra avosetta''

Oystercatchers

Order:

Family: Haematopodidae The

oystercatcher The oystercatchers are a group of waders forming the family Haematopodidae, which has a single genus, ''Haematopus''. They are found on coasts worldwide apart from the polar regions and some tropical regions of Africa and South East Asia. The ...

s are large and noisy

plover Plovers ( , ) are a widely distributed group of wading birds belonging to the subfamily Charadriinae. Description There are about 66 species in the subfamily, most of them called "plover" or "dotterel". The closely related lapwing subf ...

-like birds, with strong bills used for smashing or prising open molluscs. *

Eurasian oystercatcher The Eurasian oystercatcher (''Haematopus ostralegus'') also known as the common pied oystercatcher, or palaearctic oystercatcher, or (in Europe) just oystercatcher, is a wader in the oystercatcher bird family Haematopodidae. It is the most widesp ...

, ''Haematopus ostralegus'' (near-threatened)

Plovers and lapwings

Order:

Family:

Charadriidae The bird family Charadriidae includes the plovers, dotterels, and lapwings, about 64 to 68 species in all. Taxonomy The family Charadriidae was introduced (as Charadriadæ) by the English zoologist William Elford Leach in a guide to the con ...

The family Charadriidae includes the

dotterel The Eurasian dotterel (''Charadrius morinellus''), also known in Europe as just dotterel, is a small wader in the plover family of birds. The dotterel is a brown and black streaked bird with a broad white eye-stripe and an orange-red chest ban ...

s and

lapwing Lapwings (subfamily Vanellinae) are any of various ground-nesting birds (family Charadriidae) akin to plovers and dotterels. They range from in length, and are noted for their slow, irregular wingbeats in flight and a shrill, wailing cry. A gro ...

s. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short, thick necks and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water. *

Black-bellied plover The grey plover or black-bellied plover (''Pluvialis squatarola'') is a large plover breeding in Arctic regions. It is a long-distance migrant, with a nearly worldwide coastal distribution when not breeding. Taxonomy The grey plover was forma ...

, ''Pluvialis squatarola'' *

European golden-plover The European golden plover (''Pluvialis apricaria''), also known as the European golden-plover, Eurasian golden plover, or just the golden plover within Europe, is a largish plover. This species is similar to two other golden plovers: the America ...

, ''Pluvialis apricaria'' * American golden-plover, ''Pluvialis dominica'' (A) * Pacific golden-plover, ''Pluvialis fulva'' (A) * Northern lapwing, ''Vanellus vanellus'' (near-threatened) * Spur-winged lapwing, ''Vanellus spinosus'' (A) *

Sociable lapwing The sociable lapwing (''Vanellus gregarius''), historically referred to as the sociable plover, is a wader in the plover family. It is a fully migratory bird, breeding in Kazakhstan and wintering in the Middle East, Indian Subcontinent, and Suda ...

, ''Vanellus gregarius'' (A) (critically endangered) *

White-tailed lapwing The white-tailed lapwing or white-tailed plover (''Vanellus leucurus'') is a wader in the lapwing genus. The genus name ''Vanellus'' is Medieval Latin for a lapwing and derives from ''vannus'' a winnowing fan. The specific ''leucurus'' is from An ...

, ''Vanellus leucurus'' (A) *

Lesser sand-plover The lesser sand plover (''Charadrius mongolus'') is a small wader in the plover family of birds. The spelling is commonly given as lesser sand-plover, but the official British Ornithologists' Union spelling is "lesser sand plover". The genus ...

, ''Charadrius mongolus'' (A) *

Greater sand-plover The greater sand plover (''Charadrius leschenaultii'') is a small wader in the plover family of birds. The spelling is commonly given as "greater sandplover" or "greater sand-plover", but the official British Ornithologists' Union spelling is "Gre ...

, ''Charadrius leschenaultii'' (A) * Caspian plover, ''Charadrius asiaticus'' (A) *

Kittlitz's plover Kittlitz's plover (''Charadrius pecuarius'') is a small shorebird (35-40 g) in the family Charadriidae that breeds near coastal and inland saltmarshes, sandy or muddy riverbanks or alkaline grasslands with short vegetation. It is native to much o ...

, ''Charadrius pecuarius'' (A; not recorded since before 1950) *

Kentish plover The Kentish plover (''Charadrius alexandrinus'') is a small cosmopolitan shorebird (40-44 g) of the family Charadriidae that breeds on the shores of saline lakes, lagoons, and coasts, populating sand dunes, marshes, semi-arid desert, and tundra.S ...

, ''Charadrius alexandrinus'' *

Common ringed plover The common ringed plover or ringed plover (''Charadrius hiaticula'') is a small plover that breeds in Arctic Eurasia. The genus name ''Charadrius'' is a Late Latin word for a yellowish bird mentioned in the fourth-century Vulgate. It derives from ...

, ''Charadrius hiaticula'' *

Little ringed plover The little ringed plover (''Charadrius dubius'') is a small plover. The genus name ''Charadrius'' is a Late Latin word for a yellowish bird mentioned in the fourth-century Vulgate. It derives from Ancient Greek ''kharadrios'' a bird found in river ...

, ''Charadrius dubius'' *

Eurasian dotterel The Eurasian dotterel (''Charadrius morinellus''), also known in Europe as just dotterel, is a small wader in the plover family of birds. The dotterel is a brown and black streaked bird with a broad white eye-stripe and an orange-red chest ban ...

, ''Charadrius morinellus''

Sandpipers and allies

Order:

Family:

Scolopacidae Sandpipers are a large family, Scolopacidae, of waders. They include many species called sandpipers, as well as those called by names such as curlew and snipe. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. ...

Scolopacidae is a large diverse family of small to medium-sized shorebirds including the

sandpiper Sandpipers are a large family, Scolopacidae, of waders. They include many species called sandpipers, as well as those called by names such as curlew and snipe. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil ...

curlew The curlews () are a group of nine species of birds in the genus ''Numenius'', characterised by their long, slender, downcurved bills and mottled brown plumage. The English name is imitative of the Eurasian curlew's call, but may have been in ...

godwit The godwits are a group of large, long-billed, long-legged and strongly migratory waders of the bird genus ''Limosa''. Their long bills allow them to probe deeply in the sand for aquatic worms and molluscs. In their winter range, they floc ...

s, shanks, tattlers,

woodcock The woodcocks are a group of seven or eight very similar living species of wading birds in the genus ''Scolopax''. The genus name is Latin for a snipe or woodcock, and until around 1800 was used to refer to a variety of waders. The English name ...

snipe A snipe is any of about 26 wading bird species in three genera in the family Scolopacidae. They are characterized by a very long, slender bill, eyes placed high on the head, and cryptic/ camouflaging plumage. The ''Gallinago'' snipes have a ...

dowitcher The three dowitchers are medium-sized long-billed wading birds in the genus ''Limnodromus''. The English name "dowitchers" is from Iroquois, recorded in English by the 1830s. The OED's earliest example is from 1841, but full-text searching giv ...

s and

phalarope __NOTOC__ A phalarope is any of three living species of slender-necked shorebirds in the genus ''Phalaropus'' of the bird family Scolopacidae. Phalaropes are close relatives of the shanks and tattlers, the ''Actitis'' and Terek sandpipers, a ...

s. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Variation in length of legs and bills enables multiple species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food. *

Upland sandpiper The upland sandpiper (''Bartramia longicauda'') is a large sandpiper, closely related to the curlews. Older names are the upland plover and Bartram's sandpiper. In Louisiana, it is also colloquially known as the papabotte. It is the only member ...

, ''Bartramia longicauda'' (A) * Whimbrel, ''Numenius phaeopus'' *

Slender-billed curlew The slender-billed curlew (''Numenius tenuirostris'') is a bird in the wader family Scolopacidae. Isotope analysis suggests the majority of the former population bred in the Kazakh Steppe despite a record from the Siberian swamps, and was mig ...

, ''Numenius tenuirostris'' (A) (critically endangered) *

Eurasian curlew The Eurasian curlew or common curlew (''Numenius arquata'') is a very large wader in the family Scolopacidae. It is one of the most widespread of the curlews, breeding across temperate Europe and Asia. In Europe, this species is often referred ...

, ''Numenius arquata'' (near-threatened) *

Bar-tailed godwit The bar-tailed godwit (''Limosa lapponica'') is a large and strongly migratory wader in the family Scolopacidae, which feeds on bristle-worms and shellfish on coastal mudflats and estuaries. It has distinctive red breeding plumage, long legs, ...

, ''Limosa lapponica'' (near-threatened) * Black-tailed godwit, ''Limosa limosa'' (near-threatened) *

Ruddy turnstone The ruddy turnstone (''Arenaria interpres'') is a small cosmopolitan wading bird, one of two species of turnstone in the genus ''Arenaria''. It is now classified in the sandpiper family Scolopacidae but was formerly sometimes placed in the plov ...

, ''Arenaria interpres'' *

Red knot The red knot or just knot (''Calidris canutus'') is a medium-sized shorebird which breeds in tundra and the Arctic Cordillera in the far north of Canada, Europe, and Russia. It is a large member of the '' Calidris'' sandpipers, second only to the ...

, ''Calidris canutus'' (near-threatened) * Ruff, ''Calidris pugnax'' *

Broad-billed sandpiper The broad-billed sandpiper (''Calidris falcinellus'') is a small wading bird. The scientific name is from Latin. The specific name ''falcinella'' is from ''falx, falcis'', "a sickle. Some research suggests that it should rather go into the ge ...

, ''Calidris falcinellus'' *

Curlew sandpiper The curlew sandpiper (''Calidris ferruginea'') is a small wader that breeds on the tundra of Arctic Siberia. It is strongly migratory, wintering mainly in Africa, but also in south and southeast Asia and in Australia and New Zealand. It is a v ...

, ''Calidris ferruginea'' (near-threatened) *

Temminck's stint Temminck's stint (''Calidris temminckii'') is a small wader. This bird's common name and Latin binomial commemorate the Dutch naturalist Coenraad Jacob Temminck. The genus name is from Ancient Greek ''kalidris'' or ''skalidris'', a term used by ...

, ''Calidris temminckii'' *

Red-necked stint The red-necked stint (''Calidris ruficollis'') is a small migratory wader. The genus name is from Ancient Greek ''kalidris'' or ''skalidris'', a term used by Aristotle for some grey-coloured waterside birds. The specific ''ruficollis'' is from ...

, ''Calidris ruficollis'' (A) (near-threatened) *

Sanderling The sanderling (''Calidris alba'') is a small wading bird. The name derives from Old English ''sand-yrðling'', "sand-ploughman". The genus name is from Ancient Greek ''kalidris'' or ''skalidris'', a term used by Aristotle for some grey-colou ...

, ''Calidris alba'' *

Dunlin The dunlin (''Calidris alpina'') is a small wader, formerly sometimes separated with the other "stints" in the genus ''Erolia''. The English name is a dialect form of "dunling", first recorded in 1531–1532. It derives from ''dun'', "dull brown ...

, ''Calidris alpina'' *

Purple sandpiper The purple sandpiper (''Calidris maritima'') is a small shorebird in the sandpiper family Scolopacidae. This is a hardy sandpiper that breeds in the arctic and subarctic regions of Eurasia and North America and winters further south on the Atlant ...

, ''Calidris maritima'' (A) * Baird's sandpiper, ''Calidris bairdii'' (A) *

Little stint The little stint (''Calidris minuta'' or ''Erolia minuta''), is a very small wader. It breeds in arctic Europe and Asia, and is a long-distance migrant, wintering south to Africa and south Asia. It occasionally is a vagrant to North America a ...

, ''Calidris minuta'' *

Least sandpiper The least sandpiper (''Calidris minutilla'') is the smallest shorebird. The genus name is from Ancient Greek ''kalidris'' or ''skalidris'', a term used by Aristotle for some grey-colored waterside birds. The specific ''minutilla'' is Medieval Lat ...

, ''Calidris minutilla'' (A) * White-rumped sandpiper, ''Calidris fuscicollis'' (A) * Buff-breasted sandpiper, ''Calidris subruficollis'' (A) (near-threatened) *

Pectoral sandpiper The pectoral sandpiper (''Calidris melanotos'') is a small, migratory wader that breeds in North America and Asia, wintering in South America and Oceania. It eats small invertebrates. Its nest, a hole scraped in the ground and with a thick linin ...

, ''Calidris melanotos'' *

Long-billed dowitcher The long-billed dowitcher (''Limnodromus scolopaceus'') is a medium-sized shorebird with a relatively long bill belonging to the sandpiper family, Scolopacidae. In breeding plumage, adults are characterized by a beautiful rufous head and underpar ...

, ''Limnodromus scolopaceus'' (A) * Jack snipe, ''Lymnocryptes minimus'' *

Eurasian woodcock The Eurasian woodcock (''Scolopax rusticola'') is a medium-small wading bird found in temperate and subarctic Eurasia. It has cryptic camouflage to suit its woodland habitat, with reddish-brown upperparts and buff-coloured underparts. Its eyes ...

, ''Scolopax rusticola'' * Great snipe, ''Gallinago media'' (near-threatened) *

Common snipe The common snipe (''Gallinago gallinago'') is a small, stocky wader native to the Old World. The breeding habitats are marshes, bogs, tundra and wet meadows throughout the Palearctic. In the north, the distribution limit extends from Iceland ov ...

, ''Gallinago gallinago'' *

Pin-tailed snipe Pintail snipe head and bill The pin-tailed snipe or pintail snipe (''Gallinago stenura'') is a species of bird in the family Scolopacidae, the sandpipers. Distribution It breeds in northern Russia and migrates to spend the non-breeding season i ...

, ''Gallinago stenura'' (A) *

Terek sandpiper The Terek sandpiper (''Xenus cinereus'') is a small migratory Palearctic wader species and is the only member of the genus ''Xenus''. It is named after the Terek River which flows into the west of the Caspian Sea, as it was first observed arou ...

, ''Xenus cinereus'' *

Wilson's phalarope Wilson's phalarope (''Phalaropus tricolor'') is a small wader. This bird, the largest of the phalaropes, breeds in the prairies of North America in western Canada and the western United States. It is migratory, wintering in inland salt lakes ...

, ''Phalaropus tricolor'' (A) *

Red-necked phalarope The red-necked phalarope (''Phalaropus lobatus''), also known as the northern phalarope and hyperborean phalarope, is a small wader. This phalarope breeds in the Arctic regions of North America and Eurasia. It is migratory, and, unusually for a ...

, ''Phalaropus lobatus'' * Red phalarope, ''Phalaropus fulicarius'' (A) *

Common sandpiper The common sandpiper (''Actitis hypoleucos'') is a small Palearctic wader. This bird and its American sister species, the spotted sandpiper (''A. macularia''), make up the genus ''Actitis''. They are parapatric and replace each other geographic ...

, ''Actitis hypoleucos'' *

Spotted sandpiper The spotted sandpiper (''Actitis macularius'') is a small shorebird. Together with its sister species the common sandpiper (''A. hypoleucos''), it makes up the genus ''Actitis''. They replace each other geographically; stray birds may settle do ...

, ''Actitis macularia'' (A) *

Green sandpiper The green sandpiper (''Tringa ochropus'') is a small wader (shorebird) of the Old World. The green sandpiper represents an ancient lineage of the genus ''Tringa''; its only close living relative is the solitary sandpiper (''T. solitaria''). They ...

, ''Tringa ochropus'' *

Spotted redshank The spotted redshank (''Tringa erythropus'') is a wader (shorebird) in the large bird family Scolopacidae. The genus name ''Tringa'' is the New Latin name given to the green sandpiper by Aldrovandus in 1599 based on Ancient Greek ''trungas'', a ...

, ''Tringa erythropus'' *

Common greenshank The common greenshank (''Tringa nebularia'') is a wader in the large family Scolopacidae, the typical waders. The genus name ''Tringa'' is the New Latin name given to the green sandpiper by Aldrovandus in 1599 based on Ancient Greek ''trungas'' ...

, ''Tringa nebularia'' *

Willet The willet (''Tringa semipalmata'') is a large shorebird in the family Scolopacidae. It is a relatively large and robust sandpiper, and is the largest of the species called "shanks" in the genus ''Tringa''. Its closest relative is the lesser yel ...

, ''Tringa semipalmata'' (A) *

Lesser yellowlegs The lesser yellowlegs (''Tringa flavipes'') is a medium-sized shorebird. It breeds in the boreal forest region of North America. Taxonomy The lesser yellowlegs was formally described in 1789 by the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin in ...

, ''Tringa flavipes'' (A) *

Marsh sandpiper The marsh sandpiper (''Tringa stagnatilis'') is a small wader. It is a rather small shank, and breeds in open grassy steppe and taiga wetlands from easternmost Europe to the Russian Far East. The genus name ''Tringa'' is the New Latin name give ...

, ''Tringa stagnatilis'' *

Wood sandpiper The wood sandpiper (''Tringa glareola'') is a small wader. This Eurasian species is the smallest of the shanks, which are mid-sized long-legged waders of the family Scolopacidae. The genus name ''Tringa'' is the New Latin name given to the gree ...

, ''Tringa glareola'' *

Common redshank The common redshank or simply redshank (''Tringa totanus'') is a Eurasian wader in the large family Scolopacidae. Taxonomy The common redshank was formally described by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in 1758 in the tenth edition of his ...

, ''Tringa totanus''

Buttonquail

Order:

Family:

Turnicidae Buttonquail or hemipodes are members of a small family of birds, Turnicidae, which resemble, but are unrelated to, the quails of Phasianidae. They inhabit warm grasslands in Asia, Africa, Europe, and Australia. There are 18 species in two genera ...

The buttonquail are small, drab, running birds which resemble the true quails. The female is the brighter of the sexes and initiates courtship. The male incubates the eggs and tends the young. * Small buttonquail, ''Turnix sylvaticus'' (Extirpated; not recorded since before 1950)

Pratincoles and coursers

Order:

Family:

Glareolidae Glareolidae is a family of birds in the wader suborder Charadrii. It contains two distinct groups, the pratincoles and the coursers. The atypical Egyptian plover (''Pluvianus aegyptius''), traditionally placed in this family, is now known to ...

Glareolidae is a family of wading birds comprising the

pratincole The pratincoles or greywaders are a group of birds which together with the coursers make up the family Glareolidae. They have short legs, very long pointed wings and long forked tails. Description Their most unusual feature for birds classed a ...

s, which have short legs, long pointed wings and long forked tails, and the

courser The coursers are a group of birds which together with the pratincoles make up the family Glareolidae. They have long legs, short wings and long pointed bills which curve downwards. Their most unusual feature for birds classed as waders is that ...

s, which have long legs, short wings and long, pointed bills which curve downwards. *

Cream-colored courser The cream-colored courser (''Cursorius cursor'') is a wader in the pratincole and courser family, Glareolidae. Both parts of the scientific name derive from Latin ''cursor'', "runner", from ''currere'', "to run" which describes their usual h ...

, ''Cursorius cursor'' (A) *

Collared pratincole The collared pratincole (''Glareola pratincola''), also known as the common pratincole or red-winged pratincole, is a wader in the pratincole family, Glareolidae. As with other pratincoles, it is native to the Old World. Taxonomy The collared p ...

, ''Glareola pratincola'' *

Oriental pratincole The oriental pratincole (''Glareola maldivarum''), also known as the grasshopper-bird or swallow-plover, is a wader in the pratincole family, Glareolidae. Etymology The genus name is a diminutive of Latin ''glarea'', "gravel", referring to a ty ...

, ''Glareola maldivarum'' (A) *

Black-winged pratincole The black-winged pratincole (''Glareola nordmanni'') is a wader in the pratincole bird family, Glareolidae. The genus name is a diminutive of Latin ''glarea'', "gravel", referring to a typical nesting habitat for pratincoles. The species nam ...

, ''Glareola nordmanni'' (A) (near-threatened)

Skuas and jaegers

Order:

Family: Stercorariidae The family Stercorariidae are, in general, medium to large birds, typically with grey or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings. They nest on the ground in temperate and arctic regions and are long-distance migrants. * Great skua, ''Stercorarius skua'' *

Pomarine jaeger The pomarine jaeger (''Stercorarius pomarinus''), pomarine skua, or pomatorhine skua, is a seabird in the skua family Stercorariidae. It is a migrant, wintering at sea in the tropical oceans. Taxonomy Its relationships are not fully resolved; i ...

, ''Stercorarius pomarinus'' * Parasitic jaeger, ''Stercorarius parasiticus'' *

Long-tailed jaeger The long-tailed skua or long-tailed jaeger (''Stercorarius longicaudus'') is a seabird in the skua family Stercorariidae. Etymology The word "jaeger" is derived from the German word ''Jäger'', meaning "hunter". The English word "skua" comes fr ...

, ''Stercorarius longicaudus''

Auks, murres, and puffins

Order:

Family:

Alcidae An auk or alcid is a bird of the family Alcidae in the order Charadriiformes. The alcid family includes the murres, guillemots, auklets, puffins, and murrelets. The word "auk" is derived from Icelandic ''álka'', from Old Norse ''alka'' (a ...

Auks are superficially similar to penguins due to their black-and-white colors, their upright posture and some of their habits, however they are not related to the penguins and differ in being able to fly. Auks live on the open sea, only deliberately coming ashore to nest. *

Dovekie The little auk or dovekie (''Alle alle'') is a small auk, the only member of the genus ''Alle''. ''Alle'' is the Sami name of the long-tailed duck; it is onomatopoeic and imitates the call of the drake duck. Linnaeus was not particularly fam ...

, ''Alle alle'' (A) *

Common murre The common murre or common guillemot (''Uria aalge'') is a large auk. It has a circumpolar distribution, occurring in low-Arctic and boreal waters in the North Atlantic and North Pacific. It spends most of its time at sea, only coming to land to ...

, ''Uria aalge'' (A) *

Thick-billed murre The thick-billed murre or Brünnich's guillemot (''Uria lomvia'') is a bird in the auk family (Alcidae). This bird is named after the Danish zoologist Morten Thrane Brünnich. The very deeply black North Pacific subspecies ''Uria lomvia arra'' ...

, ''Uria lomvia'' (A) *

Razorbill The razorbill, razor-billed auk, or lesser auk (''Alca torda'') is a colonial seabird and the only extant member of the genus '' Alca'' of the family Alcidae, the auks. It is the closest living relative of the extinct great auk (''Pinguinis im ...

, ''Alca torda'' (near-threatened) * Atlantic puffin, ''Fratercula arctica'' (vulnerable)

Gulls, terns, and skimmers

Order:

Family:

Laridae Laridae is a family of seabirds in the order Charadriiformes that includes the gulls, terns, skimmers and kittiwakes. It includes around 100 species arranged into 22 genera. They are an adaptable group of mostly aerial birds found worldwide. ...

Laridae is a family of medium to large

seabird Seabirds (also known as marine birds) are birds that are adapted to life within the marine environment. While seabirds vary greatly in lifestyle, behaviour and physiology, they often exhibit striking convergent evolution, as the same enviro ...

s, the

gull Gulls, or colloquially seagulls, are seabirds of the family Laridae in the suborder Lari. They are most closely related to the terns and skimmers and only distantly related to auks, and even more distantly to waders. Until the 21st century ...

tern Terns are seabirds in the family Laridae that have a worldwide distribution and are normally found near the sea, rivers, or wetlands. Terns are treated as a subgroup of the family Laridae which includes gulls and skimmers and consists of e ...

s, and skimmers. Gulls are typically grey or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have stout, longish bills and webbed feet. Terns are a group of generally medium to large seabirds typically with grey or white plumage, often with black markings on the head. Most terns hunt fish by diving but some pick insects off the surface of fresh water. Terns are generally long-lived birds, with several species known to live in excess of 30 years. * Black-legged kittiwake, ''Rissa tridactyla'' (vulnerable) * Ivory gull, ''Pagophila eburnea'' (A) (near-threatened) *

Sabine's gull Sabine's gull ( ) (''Xema sabini'') also known as the fork-tailed gull or xeme, is a small gull. It is the only species placed in the genus ''Xema''. It breeds in colonies on coasts and tundra, laying two or three spotted olive-brown eggs in a gr ...

, ''Xema sabini'' (A) *

Slender-billed gull The slender-billed gull (''Chroicocephalus genei'') is a mid-sized gull which breeds very locally around the Mediterranean and the north of the western Indian Ocean (e.g. Pakistan) on islands and coastal lagoons. Most of the population is somewh ...

, ''Chroicocephalus genei'' *

Gray-hooded gull The grey-headed gull (''Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus''), also known as the gray-hooded gull, is a small species of gull which breeds patchily in South America and Africa south of the Sahara. It is not truly migratory, but is more widespread in ...

, ''Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus'' (A) *

Black-headed gull The black-headed gull (''Chroicocephalus ridibundus'') is a small gull that breeds in much of the Palearctic including Europe and also in coastal eastern Canada. Most of the population is migratory and winters further south, but some birds r ...

, ''Chroicocephalus ridibundus'' *

Little gull The little gull (''Hydrocoloeus minutus'' or ''Larus minutus''), is a small gull that breeds in northern Europe and across the Palearctic. The genus name ''Hydrocoloeus'' is from Ancient Greek , "water", and , a sort of web-footed bird. The speci ...

, ''Hydrocoloeus minutus'' *

Ross's gull Ross's gull (''Rhodostethia rosea'') is a small gull, the only species in its genus, although it has been suggested it should be moved to the genus '' Hydrocoloeus'', which otherwise only includes the little gull. This bird is named after the B ...

, ''Rhodostethia rosea'' (A) *

Laughing gull The laughing gull (''Leucophaeus atricilla'') is a medium-sized gull of North and South America. Named for its laugh-like call, it is an opportunistic omnivore and scavenger. It breeds in large colonies mostly along the Atlantic coast of North Am ...

, ''Leucophaeus atricilla'' (A) *

Franklin's gull Franklin's gull (''Leucophaeus pipixcan'') is a small (length 12.6–14.2 in, 32–36 cm) gull. The genus name ''Leucophaeus'' is from Ancient Greek ''leukos'', "white", and ''phaios'', "dusky". The specific ''pipixcan'' is a Nahuatl name f ...

, ''Leucophaeus pipixcan'' (A) *

Mediterranean gull The Mediterranean gull (''Ichthyaetus melanocephalus'') is a small gull. The scientific name is from Ancient Greek. The genus ''Ichthyaetus'' is from ''ikhthus'', "fish", and ''aetos'', "eagle", and the specific ''melanocephalus'' is from ''mel ...

, ''Ichthyaetus melanocephalus'' * Pallas's gull, ''Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus'' (A) *

Audouin's gull Audouin's gull (''Ichthyaetus audouinii'') is a large gull restricted to the Mediterranean and the western coast of Saharan Africa and the Iberian Peninsula. The genus name is from Ancient Greek ''ikhthus'', "fish", and ''aetos'', "eagle", and t ...

, ''Ichthyaetus audouinii'' *

Common gull The common gull or sea mew (''Larus canus'') is a medium-sized gull that breeds in the Palearctic, northern Europe. The closely related short-billed gull is sometimes included in this species, which may be known collectively as "mew gull". Man ...

, ''Larus canus'' *

Ring-billed gull The ring-billed gull (''Larus delawarensis'') is a medium-sized gull. The genus name is from Latin ''Larus'' which appears to have referred to a gull or other large seabird. The specific ''delawarensis'' refers to the Delaware River. Description ...

, ''Larus delawarensis'' (A) *

Herring gull Herring gull is a common name for several birds in the genus '' Larus'', all formerly treated as a single species. Three species are still combined in some taxonomies: * American herring gull (''Larus smithsonianus'') - North America * European ...

, ''Larus argentatus'' *

Yellow-legged gull The yellow-legged gull (''Larus michahellis'') is a large gull found in Europe, the Middle East and North Africa, which has only recently achieved wide recognition as a distinct species. It was formerly treated as a subspecies of either the Cas ...

, ''Larus michahellis'' *

Caspian gull The Caspian gull (''Larus cachinnans'') is a large gull and a member of the herring and lesser black-backed gull complex. The scientific name is from Latin. ''Larus'' appears to have referred to a gull or other large seabird, and ''cachinnans'' ...

, ''Larus cachinnans'' * Iceland gull, ''Larus glaucoides'' (A) *

Lesser black-backed gull The lesser black-backed gull (''Larus fuscus'') is a large gull that breeds on the Atlantic coasts of Europe. It is migratory, wintering from the British Isles south to West Africa. It has increased dramatically in North America, most common alo ...

, ''Larus fuscus'' * Glaucous gull, ''Larus hyperboreus'' (A) *

Great black-backed gull The great black-backed gull (''Larus marinus'') is the largest member of the gull family. Described by the Cornell Lab of Ornithology as "the king of the Atlantic waterfront", it is a very aggressive hunter, pirate, and scavenger. It breeds on t ...

, ''Larus marinus'' * Sooty tern, ''Onychoprion fuscatus'' (A; not recorded since before 1950) *

Little tern The little tern (''Sternula albifrons'') is a seabird of the family Laridae. It was formerly placed into the genus ''Sterna'', which now is restricted to the large white terns. The genus name is a diminutive of '' Sterna'', "tern". The specific ' ...

, ''Sternula albifrons'' *

Gull-billed tern The gull-billed tern (''Gelochelidon nilotica''), formerly ''Sterna nilotica'', is a tern in the family Laridae. It is widely distributed and breeds in scattered localities in Europe, Asia, northwest Africa, and the Americas. The Australian gull ...

, ''Gelochelidon nilotica'' *

Caspian tern The Caspian tern (''Hydroprogne caspia'') is a species of tern, with a subcosmopolitan but scattered distribution. Despite its extensive range, it is monotypic of its genus, and has no accepted subspecies. The genus name is from Ancient Greek ' ...

, ''Hydroprogne caspia'' *

Black tern The black tern (''Chlidonias niger'') is a small tern generally found in or near inland water in Europe, Western Asia and North America. As its name suggests, it has predominantly dark plumage. In some lights it can appear blue in the breeding se ...

, ''Chlidonias niger'' *

White-winged tern The white-winged tern, or white-winged black tern (''Chlidonias leucopterus'' or ''Chlidonias leucoptera''), is a species of tern in the family Laridae. It is a small species generally found in or near bodies of fresh water across much of the wo ...

, ''Chlidonias leucopterus'' *

Whiskered tern The whiskered tern (''Chlidonias hybrida'') is a tern in the family Laridae. The genus name is from Ancient Greek ''khelidonios'', "swallow-like", from ''khelidon'', "swallow". The specific ''hybridus'' is Latin for ''hybrid''; Peter Simon Palla ...

, ''Chlidonias hybrida'' * Roseate tern, ''Sterna dougallii'' (A) *

Common tern The common tern (''Sterna hirundo'') is a seabird in the family Laridae. This bird has a circumpolar distribution, its four subspecies breeding in temperate and subarctic regions of Europe, Asia and North America. It is strongly migrator ...

, ''Sterna hirundo'' * Arctic tern, ''Sterna paradisaea'' (A) *

Sandwich tern The Sandwich tern (''Thalasseus sandvicensis'') is a tern in the family Laridae. It is very closely related to the lesser crested tern (''T. bengalensis''), Chinese crested tern (''T. bernsteini''), Cabot's tern (''T. acuflavidus''), and elega ...

, ''Thalasseus sandvicensis'' *

Lesser crested tern The lesser crested tern (''Thalasseus bengalensis'')Bridge, E. S.; Jones, A. W. & Baker, A. J. (2005)A phylogenetic framework for the terns (Sternini) inferred from mtDNA sequences: implications for taxonomy and plumage evolution. ''Molecular Ph ...

, ''Thalasseus bengalensis'' (V)

Loons

Order:

Gaviiformes Gaviiformes is an order of aquatic birds containing the loons or divers and their closest extinct relatives. Modern gaviiformes are found in many parts of North America and northern Eurasia (Europe, Asia and debatably Africa), though prehistoric ...

Family: Gaviidae Loons, known as divers in Europe, are a group of aquatic birds found in many parts of North America and northern Europe. They are the size of a large duck or small goose, which they somewhat resemble when swimming, but to which they are completely unrelated. *

Red-throated loon The red-throated loon (North America) or red-throated diver (Britain and Ireland) (''Gavia stellata'') is a migratory aquatic bird found in the northern hemisphere. The most widely distributed member of the loon or diver family, it breeds prim ...

, ''Gavia stellata'' * Arctic loon, ''Gavia arctica'' *

Common loon The common loon or great northern diver (''Gavia immer'') is a large member of the loon, or diver, family of birds. Breeding adults have a plumage that includes a broad black head and neck with a greenish, purplish, or bluish sheen, blackish ...

, ''Gavia immer'' *

Yellow-billed loon The yellow-billed loon (''Gavia adamsii''), also known as the white-billed diver, is the largest member of the loon or diver family. Breeding adults have a black head, white underparts and chequered black-and-white mantle. Non-breeding plumage is ...

, ''Gavia adamsii'' (A) (near-threatened)

Albatrosses

Order:

Procellariiformes Procellariiformes is an order (biology), order of seabirds that comprises four family (biology), families: the albatrosses, the Procellariidae, petrels and shearwaters, and two families of storm petrels. Formerly called Tubinares and still call ...

Family:

Diomedeidae Albatrosses, of the biological family Diomedeidae, are large seabirds related to the procellariids, storm petrels, and diving petrels in the order Procellariiformes (the tubenoses). They range widely in the Southern Ocean and the North Pacif ...

The albatrosses are among the largest flying birds, with long, narrow wings for gliding. The majority are found in the Southern Hemisphere with only vagrants occurring in the North Atlantic. * Yellow-nosed albatross, ''Thalassarche chlororhynchos'' (A) *

Black-browed albatross The black-browed albatross (''Thalassarche melanophris''), also known as the black-browed mollymawk,Robertson, C. J. R. (2003) is a large seabird of the albatross family Diomedeidae; it is the most widespread and common member of its family. T ...

, ''Thalassarche melanophris'' (A) *

Wandering albatross The wandering albatross, snowy albatross, white-winged albatross or goonie (''Diomedea exulans'') is a large seabird from the family Diomedeidae, which has a circumpolar range in the Southern Ocean. It was the last species of albatross to be desc ...

, ''Diomedea exulans'' (A)

Southern storm-petrels

Order:

Family:

Oceanitidae Austral storm petrels, or southern storm petrels, are seabirds in the family Oceanitidae, part of the order Procellariiformes. These smallest of seabirds feed on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hove ...

Southern storm petrels, are

s in the

family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...

Oceanitidae, part of the order

. These smallest of seabirds feed on

plankton Plankton are the diverse collection of organisms found in water (or air) that are unable to propel themselves against a current (or wind). The individual organisms constituting plankton are called plankters. In the ocean, they provide a crucia ...

ic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. Their flight is fluttering and sometimes

bat Bats are mammals of the order Chiroptera.''cheir'', "hand" and πτερόν''pteron'', "wing". With their forelimbs adapted as wings, they are the only mammals capable of true and sustained flight. Bats are more agile in flight than most ...

-like. *

Wilson's storm-petrel Wilson's storm petrel (''Oceanites oceanicus''), also known as Wilson's petrel, is a small seabird of the austral storm petrel family Oceanitidae. It is one of the most abundant bird species in the world and has a circumpolar distribution mainly ...

, ''Oceanites oceanicus'' (A)

Northern storm-petrels

Order:

Family:

Hydrobatidae Northern storm petrels are seabirds in the genus ''Hydrobates'' in the family Hydrobatidae, part of the order Procellariiformes. The family was once lumped with the similar austral storm petrels in the combined storm petrels, but have been split ...

The northern storm-petrels are relatives of the

petrel Petrels are tube-nosed seabirds in the bird order Procellariiformes. Description The common name does not indicate relationship beyond that point, as "petrels" occur in three of the four families within that group (all except the albatross f ...

s and are the smallest seabirds. They feed on

ic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. The flight is fluttering and sometimes

-like. *

European storm-petrel The European storm petrel, British storm petrel, or just storm petrel (''Hydrobates pelagicus'') is a seabird in the northern storm petrel family, Hydrobatidae. The small, square-tailed bird is entirely black except for a broad, white rump and ...

, ''Hydrobates pelagicus'' *

Leach's storm-petrel Leach's storm petrel or Leach's petrel (''Hydrobates leucorhous'') is a small seabird of the tubenose order. It is named after the British zoologist William Elford Leach. The scientific name is derived from Ancient Greek. ''Hydrobates'' is from ...

, ''Hydrobates leucorhous'' (A) (vulnerable) * Swinhoe's storm-petrel, ''Hydrobates monorhis'' (A) (near-threatened)

Shearwaters and petrels

Order:

Family:

Procellariidae The family Procellariidae is a group of seabirds that comprises the fulmarine petrels, the gadfly petrels, the diving petrels, the prions, and the shearwaters. This family is part of the bird order Procellariiformes (or tubenoses), which als ...

The procellariids are the main group of medium-sized "true petrels", characterised by united nostrils with medium septum and a long outer functional primary. * Southern giant-petrel, ''Macronectes giganteus'' (A) *

Northern fulmar The northern fulmar (''Fulmarus glacialis''), fulmar, or Arctic fulmar is a highly abundant seabird found primarily in subarctic regions of the North Atlantic and North Pacific oceans. There has been one confirmed sighting in the Southern Hem ...

, ''Fulmarus glacialis'' (A) * Cape petrel, ''Daption capense'' (A) *

Bulwer's petrel Bulwer's petrel (''Bulweria bulwerii'') is a small petrel in the family Procellariidae that is found in tropical and subtropical regions of the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is named after the English naturalist James Bulwer. Taxonomy ...

, ''Bulweria bulwerii'' (A) *

Cory's shearwater Cory's shearwater (''Calonectris borealis'') is a large shearwater in the seabird family Procellariidae. It breeds colonially of rocky islands in the eastern Atlantic. Outside the breeding season it ranges widely in the Atlantic. It was formerl ...

, ''Calonectris diomedea'' *

Great shearwater The great shearwater (''Ardenna gravis'') is a large shearwater in the seabird family Procellariidae. It breeds colonially on rocky islands in the south Atlantic. Outside the breeding season it ranges widely in the Atlantic. Taxonomy The great s ...

, ''Ardenna gravis'' (A) *

Sooty shearwater The sooty shearwater (''Ardenna grisea'') is a medium-large shearwater in the seabird family Procellariidae. In New Zealand, it is also known by its Māori name , and as muttonbird, like its relatives the wedge-tailed shearwater (''A. pacificus ...

, ''Ardenna griseus'' (A) (near-threatened) *

Yelkouan shearwater upright=0.8, Egg of the yelkouan shearwater The yelkouan shearwater, Levantine shearwater or Mediterranean shearwater (''Puffinus yelkouan'') is a medium-sized shearwater in the seabird family Procellariidae. It was formerly treated as a subsp ...

, ''Puffinus yelkouan'' (vulnerable) *

Balearic shearwater The Balearic shearwater (''Puffinus mauretanicus'') is a medium-sized shearwater in the seabird family ''Procellariidae''. ''Puffinus'' is a New Latin loanword based on the English "puffin" and its variants, that referred to the cured carcass of ...

, ''Puffinus mauretanicus'' (A) (critically endangered) * Barolo shearwater, ''Puffinus baroli'' (A)

Storks

Order:

Ciconiiformes Storks are large, long-legged, long-necked wading birds with long, stout bills. They belong to the family called Ciconiidae, and make up the order Ciconiiformes . Ciconiiformes previously included a number of other families, such as herons a ...

Family: Ciconiidae Storks are large, long-legged, long-necked, wading birds with long, stout bills. Storks are mute, but bill-clattering is an important mode of communication at the nest. Their nests can be large and may be reused for many years. Many species are migratory. *

Black stork The black stork (''Ciconia nigra'') is a large bird in the stork family Ciconiidae. It was first described by Carl Linnaeus in the 10th edition of his ''Systema Naturae''. Measuring on average from beak tip to end of tail with a wingspan, th ...

, ''Ciconia nigra'' *

White stork The white stork (''Ciconia ciconia'') is a large bird in the stork family, Ciconiidae. Its plumage is mainly white, with black on the bird's wings. Adults have long red legs and long pointed red beaks, and measure on average from beak tip to e ...

, ''Ciconia ciconia''

Boobies and gannets

Order:

Suliformes The order Suliformes (, dubbed "Phalacrocoraciformes" by ''Christidis & Boles 2008'') is an order recognised by the International Ornithologist's Union. In regard to the recent evidence that the traditional Pelecaniformes is polyphyletic, it has ...

Family:

Sulidae The bird family Sulidae comprises the gannets and boobies. Collectively called sulids, they are medium-large coastal seabirds that plunge-dive for fish and similar prey. The 10 species in this family are often considered congeneric in older ...

The sulids comprise the

gannet Gannets are seabirds comprising the genus ''Morus'' in the family Sulidae, closely related to boobies. Gannets are large white birds with yellowish heads; black-tipped wings; and long bills. Northern gannets are the largest seabirds in the ...

s and

boobies A booby is a seabird in the genus ''Sula'', part of the family Sulidae. Boobies are closely related to the gannets (''Morus''), which were formerly included in ''Sula''. Systematics and evolution The genus ''Sula'' was introduced by the Fren ...

. Both groups are medium to large coastal seabirds that plunge-dive for fish. * Brown booby, ''Sula leucogaster'' (A) * Red-footed booby, ''Sula sula'' (A) *

Northern gannet The northern gannet (''Morus bassanus'') is a seabird, the largest species of the gannet family, Sulidae. It is native to the coasts of the Atlantic Ocean, breeding in Western Europe and Northeastern North America. It is the largest seabird in t ...

, ''Morus bassanus''

Cormorants and shags

Order:

Family:

Phalacrocoracidae Phalacrocoracidae is a family of approximately 40 species of aquatic birds commonly known as cormorants and shags. Several different classifications of the family have been proposed, but in 2021 the IOC adopted a consensus taxonomy of seven gen ...

Phalacrocoracidae is a family of medium to large coastal, fish-eating seabirds that includes cormorants and shags. Plumage colouration varies, with the majority having mainly dark plumage, some species being black-and-white and a few being colourful. *

Pygmy cormorant The pygmy cormorant (''Microcarbo pygmaeus'') is a member of the Phalacrocoracidae (cormorant) family of seabirds. It breeds in south-eastern Europe and south-western Asia. It is partially migratory, with northern populations wintering further ...

, ''Microcarbo pygmeus'' *

Great cormorant The great cormorant (''Phalacrocorax carbo''), known as the black shag in New Zealand and formerly also known as the great black cormorant across the Northern Hemisphere, the black cormorant in Australia, and the large cormorant in India, is a w ...

, ''Phalacrocorax carbo'' *

European shag The European shag or common shag (''Gulosus aristotelis'') is a species of cormorant. It is the only member of the monotypic genus ''Gulosus''. It breeds around the rocky coasts of western and southern Europe, southwest Asia and north Africa, mai ...

, ''Gulosus aristotelis''

Pelicans

Order:

Pelecaniformes The Pelecaniformes are an order of medium-sized and large waterbirds found worldwide. As traditionally—but erroneously—defined, they encompass all birds that have feet with all four toes webbed. Hence, they were formerly also known by such n ...

Family:

Pelecanidae The Pelecanidae is a family of pelecaniform birds within the Pelecani that contains two genera: the extinct ''Eopelecanus'' and the extant '' Pelecanus''. The family was monotypic until the description of ''Eopelecanus'' in 2021. Pelecanids ha ...

Pelicans are large water birds with a distinctive pouch under their beak. As with other members of the order Pelecaniformes, they have webbed feet with four toes. * Great white pelican, ''Pelecanus onocrotalus'' (A) *

Pink-backed pelican The pink-backed pelican (''Pelecanus rufescens'') is a bird of the pelican family. It is a resident breeder in the swamps and shallow lakes of Africa and southern Arabia; it has also apparently extirpated in Madagascar. Taxonomy The pink-backe ...

, ''Pelecanus rufescens'' (A) *

Dalmatian pelican The Dalmatian pelican (''Pelecanus crispus'') is the largest member of the pelican family, and perhaps the world's largest freshwater bird, although rivaled in weight and length by the largest swans. They are elegant soaring birds, with wingspa ...

, ''Pelecanus crispus'' (A) (near-threatened)

Herons, egrets, and bitterns

Order:

Family:

Ardeidae The herons are long-legged, long-necked, freshwater and coastal birds in the family Ardeidae, with 72 recognised species, some of which are referred to as egrets or bitterns rather than herons. Members of the genera ''Botaurus'' and ''Ixobrychu ...

The family Ardeidae contains the

bittern Bitterns are birds belonging to the subfamily Botaurinae of the heron family Ardeidae. Bitterns tend to be shorter-necked and more secretive than other members of the family. They were called ''hæferblæte'' in Old English; the word "bittern ...

s, herons and

egret Egrets ( ) are herons, generally long-legged wading birds, that have white or buff plumage, developing fine plumes (usually milky white) during the breeding season. Egrets are not a biologically distinct group from herons and have the same build ...

s. Herons and egrets are medium to large wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more wary. Members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted, unlike other long-necked birds such as storks, ibises and spoonbills. *

Great bittern The Eurasian bittern or great bittern (''Botaurus stellaris'') is a wading bird in the bittern subfamily (Botaurinae) of the heron family Ardeidae. There are two subspecies, the northern race (''B. s. stellaris'') breeding in parts of Europe a ...

, ''Botaurus stellaris'' *

Little bittern The little bittern or common little bittern (''Ixobrychus minutus'') is a wading bird in the heron family, Ardeidae. ''Ixobrychus'' is from Ancient Greek ''ixias'', a reed-like plant and ''brukhomai'', to bellow, and ''minutus'' is Latin for "sm ...

, ''Ixobrychus minutus'' * Schrenck's bittern, ''Ixobrychus eurhythmus'' (A) * Gray heron, ''Ardea cinerea'' * Purple heron, ''Ardea purpurea'' *

Great egret The great egret (''Ardea alba''), also known as the common egret, large egret, or (in the Old World) great white egret or great white heron is a large, widely distributed egret. The four subspecies are found in Asia, Africa, the Americas, and ...

, ''Ardea alba'' *

Intermediate egret The intermediate egret, median egret, smaller egret, or yellow-billed egret (''Ardea intermedia'') is a medium-sized heron. Some taxonomists put the species in the genus '' Egretta'' or ''Mesophoyx''. It is a resident breeder from east Africa a ...

, ''Ardea intermedia'' (A) * Little egret, ''Egretta garzetta'' * Western reef-heron, ''Egretta gularis'' (A) * Black heron, ''Egretta ardesiaca'' (A) *

Cattle egret The cattle egret (''Bubulcus ibis'') is a cosmopolitan species of heron (family Ardeidae) found in the tropics, subtropics, and warm-temperate zones. It is the only member of the monotypic genus ''Bubulcus'', although some authorities regard ...

, ''Bubulcus ibis'' *

Squacco heron The squacco heron (''Ardeola ralloides'') is a small heron, long, of which the body is , with wingspan. It is of Old World origins, breeding in southern Europe and the Greater Middle East. Behaviour The squacco heron is a migrant, wintering ...

, ''Ardeola ralloides'' * Green heron, ''Butorides virescens'' (A) *

Striated heron The striated heron (''Butorides striata'') also known as mangrove heron, little green heron or green-backed heron, is a small heron, about 44 cm tall. Striated herons are mostly sedentary and noted for some interesting behavioral traits. The ...

, ''Butorides striata'' (A) *

Black-crowned night-heron The black-crowned night heron (''Nycticorax nycticorax''), or black-capped night heron, commonly shortened to just night heron in Eurasia, is a medium-sized heron found throughout a large part of the world, including parts of Europe, Asia, and ...

, ''Nycticorax nycticorax''

Ibises and spoonbills

Order:

Family:

Threskiornithidae The family Threskiornithidae includes 36 species of large wading birds. The family has been traditionally classified into two subfamilies, the ibises and the spoonbills; however recent genetic studies have cast doubt on this arrangement, and ha ...

Threskiornithidae is a family of large terrestrial and wading birds which includes the

ibis The ibises () (collective plural ibis; classical plurals ibides and ibes) are a group of long-legged wading birds in the family Threskiornithidae, that inhabit wetlands, forests and plains. "Ibis" derives from the Latin and Ancient Greek word ...

es and spoonbills. They have long, broad wings with 11 primary and about 20 secondary feathers. They are strong fliers and despite their size and weight, very capable soarers. *

Glossy ibis The glossy ibis (''Plegadis falcinellus'') is a water bird in the order Pelecaniformes and the ibis and spoonbill family Threskiornithidae. The scientific name derives from Ancient Greek ''plegados'' and Latin, ''falcis'', both meaning "sickle" a ...

, ''Plegadis falcinellus'' *

African sacred ibis The African sacred ibis (''Threskiornis aethiopicus'') is a species of ibis, a wading bird of the family Threskiornithidae. It is native to much of Africa, as well as small parts of Iraq, Iran and Kuwait. It is especially known for its role in ...

, ''Threskiornis aethiopicus'' (I) *

Northern bald ibis The northern bald ibis, hermit ibis, or waldrapp (''Geronticus eremita'') is a migratory bird found in barren, semi-desert or rocky habitats, often close to running water. This glossy black ibis, which, unlike many members of the ibis family, i ...

, ''Geronticus eremita'' (I) (endangered) *

Eurasian spoonbill The Eurasian spoonbill (''Platalea leucorodia''), or common spoonbill, is a wading bird of the ibis and spoonbill family Threskiornithidae. The genus name ''Platalea'' is from Latin and means "broad", referring to the distinctive shape of the ...

, ''Platalea leucorodia''

Osprey

Order:

Accipitriformes The Accipitriformes (; from Latin ''accipiter''/''accipitri-'' "hawk", and New Latin ''-formes'' "having the form of") are an order of birds that includes most of the diurnal birds of prey, including hawks, eagles, vultures, and kites, but not f ...

Family: Pandionidae The family Pandionidae contains only one species, the osprey. The osprey is a medium-large

raptor Raptor or RAPTOR may refer to: Animals The word "raptor" refers to several groups of bird-like dinosaurs which primarily capture and subdue/kill prey with their talons. * Raptor (bird) or bird of prey, a bird that primarily hunts and feeds on ...

which is a specialist fish-eater with a worldwide distribution. *

Osprey The osprey (''Pandion haliaetus''), , also called sea hawk, river hawk, and fish hawk, is a diurnal, fish-eating bird of prey with a cosmopolitan range. It is a large raptor reaching more than in length and across the wings. It is brown o ...

, ''Pandion haliaetus''

Hawks, eagles, and kites

Order:

Family:

Accipitridae The Accipitridae is one of the three families within the order Accipitriformes, and is a family of small to large birds with strongly hooked bills and variable morphology based on diet. They feed on a range of prey items from insects to medium-s ...

Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey, which includes hawks,

eagle Eagle is the common name for many large birds of prey of the family Accipitridae. Eagles belong to several groups of genera, some of which are closely related. Most of the 68 species of eagle are from Eurasia and Africa. Outside this area, j ...

kites A kite is a tethered heavier-than-air or lighter-than-air craft with wing surfaces that react against the air to create lift and drag forces. A kite consists of wings, tethers and anchors. Kites often have a bridle and tail to guide the face ...

, harriers and

Old World vulture Old World vultures are vultures that are found in the Old World, i.e. the continents of Europe, Asia and Africa, and which belong to the family Accipitridae, which also includes eagles, buzzards, kites, and hawks. Old World vultures are not cl ...

s. These birds have powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons and keen eyesight. *

Black-winged kite The black-winged kite (''Elanus caeruleus''), also known as the black-shouldered kite (not to be confused with the closely-related Australian species of the same name), is a small diurnal bird of prey in the family Accipitridae best known for it ...

, ''Elanus caeruleus'' (A) *

Bearded vulture The bearded vulture (''Gypaetus barbatus''), also known as the lammergeier and ossifrage, is a very large bird of prey and the only member of the genus ''Gypaetus''. Traditionally considered an Old World vulture, it actually forms a separate mi ...

, ''Gypaetus barbatus'' (near-threatened) *

Egyptian vulture The Egyptian vulture (''Neophron percnopterus''), also called the white scavenger vulture or pharaoh's chicken, is a small Old World vulture and the only member of the genus ''Neophron''. It is widely distributed from the Iberian Peninsula and ...

, ''Neophron percnopterus'' (endangered) *

European honey-buzzard The European honey buzzard (''Pernis apivorus''), also known as the pern or common pern, is a bird of prey in the family Accipitridae. Etymology Despite its English name, this species is more closely related to kites of the genera '' Leptodon'' a ...

, ''Pernis apivorus'' * Oriental honey-buzzard, ''Pernis ptilorhynchus'' (A) *

Cinereous vulture The cinereous vulture (''Aegypius monachus'') is a large raptor in the family Accipitridae and distributed through much of temperate Eurasia. It is also known as the black vulture, monk vulture and Eurasian black vulture. With a body length of , ...

, ''Aegypius monachus'' (A) (near-threatened) * Rüppell's griffon, ''Gyps rueppelli'' (A) (critically endangered) * Eurasian griffon, ''Gyps fulvus'' * Short-toed snake-eagle, ''Circaetus gallicus'' *

Lesser spotted eagle The lesser spotted eagle (''Clanga pomarina'') is a large Eastern European bird of prey. Like all typical eagles, it belongs to the family Accipitridae. The typical eagles are often united with the buteos, sea eagles, and other more heavy-set Acc ...

, ''Clanga pomarina'' *

Greater spotted eagle The greater spotted eagle (''Clanga clanga''), occasionally called the spotted eagle, is a large bird of prey. Like all typical eagles, it belongs to the family Accipitridae. Its feathered legs indicate it is a member of the subfamily Aquil ...

, ''Clanga clanga'' (vulnerable) * Booted eagle, ''Hieraaetus pennatus'' *

Tawny eagle The tawny eagle (''Aquila rapax'') is a large bird of prey. Like all eagles, it belongs to the family ''Accipitridae''. Its heavily feathered legs mark it as a member of the subfamily Aquilinae, also known as booted eagles.Helbig, A. J., Kocum, ...

, ''Aquila rapax'' (A) (vulnerable) *

Steppe eagle The steppe eagle (''Aquila nipalensis'') is a large bird of prey. Like all eagles, it belongs to the family Accipitridae. The steppe eagle's well-feathered legs illustrate it to be a member of the subfamily Aquilinae, also known as the "booted ...

, ''Aquila nipalensis'' (A) (endangered) * Spanish eagle, ''Aquila adalberti'' (A) (vulnerable) *

Imperial eagle The eagle is used in heraldry as a charge, as a supporter, and as a crest. Heraldic eagles can be found throughout world history like in the Achaemenid Empire or in the present Republic of Indonesia. The European post-classical symbolism of ...

, ''Aquila heliaca'' (A) (vulnerable) *

Golden eagle The golden eagle (''Aquila chrysaetos'') is a bird of prey living in the Northern Hemisphere. It is the most widely distributed species of eagle. Like all eagles, it belongs to the family Accipitridae. They are one of the best-known birds of ...

, ''Aquila chrysaetos'' *

Bonelli's eagle The Bonelli's eagle (''Aquila fasciata'') is a large bird of prey. The common name of the bird commemorates the Italian ornithologist and collector Franco Andrea Bonelli. Bonelli is credited with gathering the type specimen, most likely from an ...

, ''Aquila fasciata'' * Eurasian marsh-harrier, ''Circus aeruginosus'' *

Hen harrier The hen harrier (''Circus cyaneus'') is a bird of prey. It breeds in Eurasia. The term "hen harrier" refers to its former habit of preying on free-ranging fowl. It migrates to more southerly areas in winter. Eurasian birds move to southern Eur ...

, ''Circus cyaneus'' *

Pallid harrier The pale or pallid harrier (''Circus macrourus'') is a migratory bird of prey of the harrier subfamily. The scientific name is derived from the Ancient Greek. ''Circus'' is from ''kirkos'', referring to a bird of prey named for its circling fli ...

, ''Circus macrourus'' (near-threatened) *

Montagu's harrier Montagu's harrier (''Circus pygargus'') is a migratory bird of prey of the harrier family. Its common name commemorates the British naturalist George Montagu. Taxonomy The first formal description of Montagu's harrier was by the Swedish na ...

, ''Circus pygargus'' * Levant sparrowhawk, ''Accipiter brevipes'' (A) * Eurasian sparrowhawk, ''Accipiter nisus'' * Northern goshawk, ''Accipiter gentilis'' *

Red kite The red kite (''Milvus milvus'') is a medium-large bird of prey in the family Accipitridae, which also includes many other diurnal raptors such as eagles, buzzards, and harriers. The species currently breeds in the Western Palearctic region o ...

, ''Milvus milvus'' (near-threatened) *

Black kite The black kite (''Milvus migrans'') is a medium-sized bird of prey in the family Accipitridae, which also includes many other diurnal raptors. It is thought to be the world's most abundant species of Accipitridae, although some populations have ...

, ''Milvus migrans'' *

White-tailed eagle The white-tailed eagle (''Haliaeetus albicilla'') is a very large species of sea eagle widely distributed across temperate Eurasia. Like all eagles, it is a member of the family Accipitridae (or accipitrids) which includes other diurnal raptors ...

, ''Haliaeetus albicilla'' * Rough-legged hawk, ''Buteo lagopus'' * Common buzzard, ''Buteo buteo'' *

Long-legged buzzard The long-legged buzzard (''Buteo rufinus'') is a bird of prey found widely in several parts of Eurasia and in North Africa. This species ranges from Southeastern Europe down to East Africa to the northern part of the Indian subcontinent. The long ...

, ''Buteo rufinus''

Barn-owls

Order: StrigiformesFamily:

Tytonidae Barn-owls (family Tytonidae) are one of the two families of owls, the other being the true owls or typical owls, Strigidae. They are medium to large owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long, strong legs wit ...

Barn owls are medium to large owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long strong legs with powerful talons. * Barn owl, ''Tyto alba''

Owls

Order: StrigiformesFamily:

Strigidae The true owls or typical owls (family Strigidae) are one of the two generally accepted families of owls, the other being the barn owls (Tytonidae). This large family comprises 230 living or recently extinct species in 24 genera. The typical owl ...

The

typical owl The true owls or typical owls (family Strigidae) are one of the two generally accepted families of owls, the other being the barn owls (Tytonidae). This large family comprises 230 living or recently extinct species in 24 genera. The typical owl ...

s are small to large solitary nocturnal birds of prey. They have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disk. * Eurasian scops-owl, ''Otus scops'' *

Eurasian eagle-owl The Eurasian eagle-owl (''Bubo bubo'') is a species of eagle-owl that resides in much of Eurasia. It is also called the Uhu and it is occasionally abbreviated to just the eagle-owl in Europe. It is one of the largest species of owl, and femal ...

, ''Bubo bubo'' * Eurasian pygmy-owl, ''Glaucidium passerinum'' * Little owl, ''Athene noctua'' *

Tawny owl The tawny owl (''Strix aluco''), also called the brown owl, is commonly found in woodlands across Europe to western Siberia, and has seven recognized subspecies. It is a stocky, medium-sized owl, whose underparts are pale with dark streaks, a ...

, ''Strix aluco'' * Ural owl, ''Strix uralensis'' *

Long-eared owl The long-eared owl (''Asio otus''), also known as the northern long-eared owlOlsen, P.D. & Marks, J.S. (2019). ''Northern Long-eared Owl (Asio otus)''. In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook o ...

, ''Asio otus'' *

Short-eared owl The short-eared owl (''Asio flammeus'') is a widespread grassland species in the family Strigidae. Owls belonging to genus ''Asio'' are known as the eared owls, as they have tufts of feathers resembling mammalian ears. These "ear" tufts may or ...

, ''Asio flammeus'' *

Boreal owl The boreal owl or Tengmalm's owl (''Aegolius funereus'') is a small owl in the "true owl" family Strigidae. It is known as the boreal owl in North America and as Tengmalm's owl in Europe after Swedish naturalist Peter Gustaf Tengmalm or, more ...

, ''Aegolius funereus''

Hoopoes

Order:

Bucerotiformes Bucerotiformes is an order of birds that contains the hornbills, ground hornbills, hoopoes and wood hoopoes. These birds were previously classified as members of Coraciiformes. The clade is distributed in Africa, Asia, Europe and Melanesia. ...

Family:

Upupidae Hoopoes () are colourful birds found across Africa, Asia, and Europe, notable for their distinctive "crown" of feathers. Three living and one extinct species are recognized, though for many years all of the extant species were lumped as a single ...

Hoopoes have black, white and orangey-pink coloring with a large erectile crest on their head. *

Eurasian hoopoe The Eurasian hoopoe (''Upupa epops'') is the most widespread species of the genus '' Upupa''. It is a distinctive cinnamon coloured bird with black and white wings, a tall erectile crest, a broad white band across a black tail, and a long narrow ...

, ''Upupa epops''

Kingfishers

Order:

Coraciiformes The Coraciiformes are a group of usually colourful birds including the kingfishers, the bee-eaters, the rollers, the motmots, and the todies. They generally have syndactyly, with three forward-pointing toes (and toes 3 & 4 fused at their base) ...

Family: Alcedinidae Kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long, pointed bills, short legs and stubby tails. *

Common kingfisher The common kingfisher (''Alcedo atthis''), also known as the Eurasian kingfisher and river kingfisher, is a small kingfisher with seven subspecies recognized within its wide distribution across Eurasia and North Africa. It is resident in much of ...

, ''Alcedo atthis'' *

Pied kingfisher The pied kingfisher (''Ceryle rudis'') is a species of water kingfisher widely distributed across Africa and Asia. Originally described by Carl Linnaeus in 1758, it has five recognised subspecies. Its black and white plumage and crest, as well as ...

, ''Ceryle rudis'' (A)

Bee-eaters

Order:

Family:

Meropidae The bee-eaters are a group of non-passerine birds in the family Meropidae, containing three genera and thirty species. Most species are found in Africa and Asia, with a few in southern Europe, Australia, and New Guinea. They are characterised by ...

The bee-eaters are a group of

near passerine Near passerines and higher land-bird assemblage are terms of traditional, pre-cladistic taxonomy that have often been given to tree-dwelling birds or those most often believed to be related to the true passerines (order Passeriformes) owing to mor ...

birds in the family Meropidae. Most species are found in Africa but others occur in southern Europe, Madagascar, Australia and New Guinea. They are characterised by richly colored plumage, slender bodies and usually elongated central tail feathers. All are colourful and have long downturned bills and pointed wings, which give them a swallow-like appearance when seen from afar. * Blue-cheeked bee-eater, ''Merops persicus'' (A) *

European bee-eater The European bee-eater (''Merops apiaster'') is a near passerine bird in the bee-eater family, Meropidae. It breeds in southern and central Europe, northern and southern Africa, and western Asia. Except for the resident southern African populat ...

, ''Merops apiaster''

Rollers

Order:

Family:

Coraciidae Coraciidae is a family of Old World birds, which is known as rollers because of the aerial acrobatics some of these birds perform during courtship or territorial flights. Rollers resemble crows in size and build, and share the colourful appeara ...

Rollers resemble

crow A crow is a bird of the genus '' Corvus'', or more broadly a synonym for all of ''Corvus''. Crows are generally black in colour. The word "crow" is used as part of the common name of many species. The related term "raven" is not pinned scientifica ...

s in size and build, but are more closely related to the

kingfisher Kingfishers are a family, the Alcedinidae, of small to medium-sized, brightly colored birds in the order Coraciiformes. They have a cosmopolitan distribution, with most species found in the tropical regions of Africa, Asia, and Oceania, ...

s and

bee-eater The bee-eaters are a group of non-passerine birds in the family Meropidae, containing three genera and thirty species. Most species are found in Africa and Asia, with a few in southern Europe, Australia, and New Guinea. They are characterised by ...

s. They share the colourful appearance of those groups with blues and browns predominating. The two inner front toes are connected, but the outer toe is not. *

European roller The European roller (''Coracias garrulus'') is the only member of the roller family of birds to breed in Europe. Its overall range extends into the Middle East, Central Asia and the Maghreb. The European roller is found in a wide variety of hab ...

, ''Coracias garrulus''

Woodpeckers

Order:

Piciformes Nine families of largely arboreal birds make up the order Piciformes , the best-known of them being the Picidae, which includes the woodpeckers and close relatives. The Piciformes contain about 71 living genera with a little over 450 species, of ...

Family: Picidae Woodpeckers are small to medium-sized birds with chisel-like beaks, short legs, stiff tails and long tongues used for capturing insects. Some species have feet with two toes pointing forward and two backward, while several species have only three toes. Many woodpeckers have the habit of tapping noisily on tree trunks with their beaks. * Eurasian wryneck, ''Jynx torquilla'' *

Eurasian three-toed woodpecker The Eurasian three-toed woodpecker (''Picoides tridactylus'') is a medium-sized woodpecker that is found from northern Europe across northern Asia to Japan. Taxonomy The Eurasian three-toed woodpecker was formally described in 1758 by the Swedi ...

, ''Picoides tridactylus'' * Middle spotted woodpecker, ''Dendrocoptes medius'' *

White-backed woodpecker The white-backed woodpecker (''Dendrocopos leucotos'') is a Eurasian woodpecker belonging to the genus ''Dendrocopos''. Taxonomy The white-backed woodpecker was described by the German naturalist Johann Matthäus Bechstein in 1802 under the ...

, ''Dendrocopos leucotos'' * Great spotted woodpecker, ''Dendrocopos major'' *

Lesser spotted woodpecker The lesser spotted woodpecker (''Dryobates minor'') is a member of the woodpecker family Picidae. It was formerly assigned to the genus ''Dendrocopos'' (sometimes incorrectly spelt as ''Dendrocopus''). Some taxonomic authorities continue to list t ...

, ''Dryobates minor'' * Gray-headed woodpecker, ''Picus canus'' * Eurasian green woodpecker, ''Picus viridis'' * Black woodpecker, ''Dryocopus martius''

Falcons and caracaras

Order:

Falconiformes The order Falconiformes () is represented by the extant family Falconidae (falcons and caracaras) and a handful of enigmatic Paleogene species. Traditionally, the other bird of prey families Cathartidae (New World vultures and condors), Sagitt ...

Family: Falconidae Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey. They differ from hawks, eagles and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their talons. *

Lesser kestrel The lesser kestrel (''Falco naumanni'') is a small falcon. This species breeds from the Mediterranean across Afghanistan and Central Asia, to China and Mongolia. It is a summer migrant, wintering in Africa and Pakistan and sometimes even to Indi ...

, ''Falco naumanni'' *

Eurasian kestrel The common kestrel (''Falco tinnunculus'') is a bird of prey species belonging to the kestrel group of the falcon family Falconidae. It is also known as the European kestrel, Eurasian kestrel, or Old World kestrel. In the United Kingdom, where no ...

, ''Falco tinnunculus'' * Red-footed falcon, ''Falco vespertinus'' (near-threatened) * Amur falcon, ''Falco amurensis'' (A) *

Eleonora's falcon Eleonora's falcon (''Falco eleonorae'') is a medium-sized falcon. It belongs to the hobby group, a rather close-knit number of similar falcons often considered a subgenus ''Hypotriorchis''. The sooty falcon is sometimes considered its closest re ...

, ''Falco eleonorae'' *

Sooty falcon The sooty falcon (''Falco concolor'') is a medium-sized falcon breeding from northeastern Africa to the southern Persian Gulf region. The word sooty means to be covered in soot (ash), and is used to describe the color of the Sooty Falcon. Hence, ...

, ''Falco concolor'' (A) (vulnerable) * Merlin, ''Falco columbarius'' *

Eurasian hobby The Eurasian hobby (''Falco subbuteo'') or just hobby, is a small, slim falcon. It belongs to a rather close-knit group of similar falcons often considered a subgenus '' Hypotriorchis''. Taxonomy and systematics The first formal description of ...

, ''Falco subbuteo'' *

Lanner falcon The lanner falcon (''Falco biarmicus'') is a medium-sized bird of prey that breeds in Africa, southeast Europe and just into Asia. It prefers open habitat and is mainly resident, but some birds disperse more widely after the breeding season. A l ...

, ''Falco biarmicus'' *

Saker falcon The saker falcon (''Falco cherrug'') is a large species of falcon. This species breeds from central Europe eastwards across the Palearctic to Manchuria. It is mainly migratory except in the southernmost parts of its range, wintering in Ethiopia ...

, ''Falco cherrug'' (endangered) * Peregrine falcon, ''Falco peregrinus''

Old World parrots

Order: PsittaciformesFamily:

Psittaculidae Psittaculidae is a family containing Old World parrots. It consists of five subfamilies: Agapornithinae, Loriinae, Platycercinae, Psittacellinae and Psittaculinae. This family has been accepted into ''The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World' ...

Characteristic features of parrots include a strong curved bill, an upright stance, strong legs, and clawed

zygodactyl In biology, dactyly is the arrangement of digits (fingers and toes) on the hands, feet, or sometimes wings of a tetrapod animal. It comes from the Greek word δακτυλος (''dáktylos'') = "finger". Sometimes the ending "-dactylia" is use ...

feet. Many parrots are vividly colored, and some are multi-colored. In size they range from to in length. Old World parrots are found from Africa east across south and southeast Asia and Oceania to Australia and New Zealand. *

Rose-ringed parakeet The rose-ringed parakeet (''Psittacula krameri''), also known as the ring-necked parakeet (more commonly known as the Indian ringneck parrot), is a medium-sized parrot in the genus Psittacula, of the family Psittacidae. It has disjunct native ran ...

, ''Psittacula krameri'' (I)

African and New World parrots

Order: PsittaciformesFamily:

Psittacidae The family Psittacidae or holotropical parrots is one of three families of true parrots. It comprises the roughly 10 species of subfamily Psittacinae (the Old World or Afrotropical parrots) and 157 of subfamily Arinae (the New World or Neotropi ...

Most of the more than 150 species in this family are found in the New World. *

Monk parakeet The monk parakeet (''Myiopsitta monachus''), also known as the Quaker parrot, is a species of true parrot in the family Psittacidae. It is a small, bright-green parrot with a greyish breast and greenish-yellow abdomen. Its average lifespan is 20 ...

, ''Myiopsitta monachus'' (I)

Vireos, shrike-babblers, and erpornis

Order:

Passeriformes A passerine () is any bird of the order Passeriformes (; from Latin 'sparrow' and '-shaped'), which includes more than half of all bird species. Sometimes known as perching birds, passerines are distinguished from other orders of birds by th ...

Family:

Vireonidae The vireos make up a family, Vireonidae, of small to medium-sized passerine birds found in the New World (Canada to Argentina, including Bermuda and the West Indies) and Southeast Asia. "Vireo" is a Latin word referring to a green migratory bir ...

The vireos are a group of small to medium-sized passerine birds restricted to the New World and Southeast Asia. *

Red-eyed vireo The red-eyed vireo (''Vireo olivaceus'') is a small American songbird. It is somewhat warbler-like but not closely related to the New World warblers (Parulidae). Common across its vast range, this species is not considered threatened by the IUCN. ...

, ''Vireo olivaceus'' (A)

Old World orioles

Order:

Family: Oriolidae The Old World orioles are colourful passerine birds. They are not related to the New World orioles. *

Eurasian golden oriole The Eurasian golden oriole (''Oriolus oriolus'') also called the common golden oriole, is the only member of the Old World oriole family of passerine birds breeding in Northern Hemisphere temperate regions. It is a summer migrant in Europe and ...

, ''Oriolus oriolus''

Shrikes

Order:

Family: Laniidae Shrikes are passerine birds known for their habit of catching other birds and small animals and impaling the uneaten portions of their bodies on thorns. A shrike's beak is hooked, like that of a typical bird of prey. * Red-backed shrike, ''Lanius collurio'' * Red-tailed shrike, ''Lanius phoenicuroides'' (A) *

Isabelline shrike The isabelline shrike or Daurian shrike (''Lanius isabellinus'') is a member of the shrike family (Laniidae). It was previously considered conspecific with the red-backed shrike and red-tailed shrike. It is found in an extensive area between the ...

, ''Lanius isabellinus'' (A) *

Brown shrike The brown shrike (''Lanius cristatus'') is a bird in the shrike family that is found mainly in Asia. It is closely related to the red-backed shrike (''L. collurio'') and isabelline shrike (''L. isabellinus''). The genus name, ''Lanius'', is deri ...

, ''Lanius cristatus'' (A) * Great gray shrike, ''Lanius excubitor'' * Lesser gray shrike, ''Lanius minor'' * Masked shrike, ''Lanius nubicus'' (A) * Woodchat shrike, ''Lanius senator''

Crows, jays, and magpies

Order:

Family:

Corvidae Corvidae is a cosmopolitan family of oscine passerine birds that contains the crows, ravens, rooks, jackdaws, jays, magpies, treepies, choughs, and nutcrackers. In colloquial English, they are known as the crow family or corvids. Cu ...

The family Corvidae includes

s, ravens,

jay A jay is a member of a number of species of medium-sized, usually colorful and noisy, passerine birds in the Crow family, Corvidae. The evolutionary relationships between the jays and the magpies are rather complex. For example, the Eurasian m ...

chough There are two species of passerine birds commonly called chough ( ) that constitute the genus ''Pyrrhocorax'' of the Corvidae (crow) family of birds. These are the red-billed chough (''Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax''), and the Alpine chough (or yellow- ...

s, magpies,

treepie The treepies (known also as crypsirinines from the subfamily's name, ''Crypsirininae'') comprise four closely related genera (''Dendrocitta, Crypsirina, Temnurus'' and ''Platysmurus'') of long-tailed passerine birds in the family Corvidae. There ...

s, Nutcracker (bird), nutcrackers and ground jays. Corvids are above average in size among the Passeriformes, and some of the larger species show high levels of intelligence. * Eurasian jay, ''Garrulus glandarius'' * Eurasian magpie, ''Pica pica'' * Eurasian nutcracker, ''Nucifraga caryocatactes'' * Red-billed chough, ''Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax'' * Yellow-billed chough, ''Pyrrhocorax graculus'' * Eurasian jackdaw, ''Corvus monedula'' * Rook (bird), Rook, ''Corvus frugilegus'' * Carrion crow, ''Corvus corone'' * Hooded crow, ''Corvus cornix'' * Pied crow, ''Corvus albus'' (A) * Brown-necked raven, ''Corvus ruficollis'' (A) * Common raven, ''Corvus corax''

Tits, chickadees, and titmice

Order:

Family: Paridae The Paridae are mainly small stocky woodland species with short stout bills. Some have crests. They are adaptable birds, with a mixed diet including seeds and insects. * Coal tit, ''Periparus ater'' * Crested tit, ''Lophophanes cristatus'' * Sombre tit, ''Poecile lugubris'' (A; not recorded since before 1950) * Marsh tit, ''Poecile palustris'' * Willow tit, ''Poecile montana'' * Eurasian blue tit, ''Cyanistes caeruleus'' * African blue tit, ''Cyanistes teneriffae'' * Great tit, ''Parus major''

Penduline-tits

Order:

Family: Remizidae The penduline-tits are a group of small passerine birds related to the true tits. They are insectivores. * Eurasian penduline-tit, ''Remiz pendulinus''

Larks

Order:

Family: Alaudidae Larks are small terrestrial birds with often extravagant songs and display flights. Most larks are fairly dull in appearance. Their food is insects and seeds. * Greater hoopoe-lark, ''Alaemon alaudipes'' (A) * Bar-tailed lark, ''Ammomanes cincturus'' (A) * Horned lark, ''Eremophila alpestris'' * Greater short-toed lark, ''Calandrella brachydactyla'' * Bimaculated lark, ''Melanocorypha bimaculata'' (A) * Calandra lark, ''Melanocorypha calandra'' * Black lark, ''Melanocorypha yeltoniensis'' (A) * Dupont's lark, ''Chersophilus duponti'' (A) (near-threatened) * Wood lark, ''Lullula arborea'' * White-winged lark, ''Alauda leucoptera'' (A) * Eurasian skylark, ''Alauda arvensis'' * Crested lark, ''Galerida cristata''

Bearded reedling

Order:

Family: Panuridae This species, the only one in its family, is found in reed beds throughout temperate Europe and Asia. * Bearded reedling, ''Panurus biarmicus''

Cisticolas and allies

Order:

Family: Cisticolidae The Cisticolidae are warblers found mainly in warmer southern regions of the Old World. They are generally very small birds of drab brown or grey appearance found in open country such as grassland or scrub. * Zitting cisticola, ''Cisticola juncidis''

Reed warblers and allies

Order:

Family: Acrocephalidae The members of this family are usually rather large for "warblers". Most are rather plain olivaceous brown above with much yellow to beige below. They are usually found in open woodland, reedbeds, or tall grass. The family occurs mostly in southern to western Eurasia and surroundings, but it also ranges far into the Pacific, with some species in Africa. * Booted warbler, ''Iduna caligata'' (A) * Sykes's warbler, ''Iduna rama'' (A) * Eastern olivaceous warbler, ''Iduna pallida'' (A) * Western olivaceous warbler, ''Iduna opaca'' (A) * Olive-tree warbler, ''Hippolais olivetorum'' (A) * Melodious warbler, ''Hippolais polyglotta'' * Icterine warbler, ''Hippolais icterina'' * Aquatic warbler, ''Acrocephalus paludicola'' (vulnerable) * Moustached warbler, ''Acrocephalus melanopogon'' * Sedge warbler, ''Acrocephalus schoenobaenus'' * Paddyfield warbler, ''Acrocephalus agricola'' * Blyth's reed warbler, ''Acrocephalus dumetorum'' (A) * Marsh warbler, ''Acrocephalus palustris'' * Eurasian reed warbler, ''Acrocephalus scirpaceus'' * Great reed warbler, ''Acrocephalus arundinaceus''

Grassbirds and allies

Order:

Family: Locustellidae Locustellidae are a family of small insectivorous songbirds found mainly in Eurasia, Africa, and the Australian region. They are smallish birds with tails that are usually long and pointed, and tend to be drab brownish or buffy all over. * River warbler, ''Locustella fluviatilis'' (A) * Savi's warbler, ''Locustella luscinioides'' * Common grasshopper-warbler, ''Locustella naevia''

Swallows

Order:

Family: Hirundinidae The family Hirundinidae is adapted to aerial feeding. They have a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings and a short bill with a wide gape. The feet are adapted to perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base. * Bank swallow, ''Riparia riparia'' * Eurasian crag-martin, ''Ptyonoprogne rupestris'' * Barn swallow, ''Hirundo rustica'' * Red-rumped swallow, ''Cecropis daurica'' * Common house-martin, ''Delichon urbicum''

Leaf warblers

Order:

Family: Phylloscopidae Leaf warblers are a family of small insectivorous birds found mostly in Eurasia and ranging into Wallacea and Africa. The species are of various sizes, often green-plumaged above and yellow below, or more subdued with greyish-green to greyish-brown colors. * Wood warbler, ''Phylloscopus sibilatrix'' * Western Bonelli's warbler, ''Phylloscopus bonelli'' * Eastern Bonelli's warbler, ''Phylloscopus orientalis'' (A) * Yellow-browed warbler, ''Phylloscopus inornatus'' * Hume's warbler, ''Phylloscopus humei'' (A) * Pallas's leaf warbler, ''Phylloscopus proregulus'' (A) * Radde's warbler, ''Phylloscopus schwarzi'' (A) * Dusky warbler, ''Phylloscopus fuscatus'' (A) * Willow warbler, ''Phylloscopus trochilus'' * Common chiffchaff, ''Phylloscopus collybita'' * Iberian chiffchaff, ''Phylloscopus ibericus'' (A) * Greenish warbler, ''Phylloscopus trochiloides'' (A) * Arctic warbler, ''Phylloscopus borealis'' (A)

Bush warblers and allies

Order:

Family: Scotocercidae The members of this family are found throughout Africa, Asia, and Polynesia. Their taxonomy is in flux, and some authorities place some genera in other families.Gill, F. and D. Donsker (Eds). 2019. IOC World Bird List (v 9.2). . http://www.worldbirdnames.org/ retrieved 22 June 2019. * Cetti's warbler, ''Cettia cetti''

Long-tailed tits

Order:

Family: Aegithalidae Long-tailed tits are a group of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They make woven bag nests in trees. Most eat a mixed diet which includes insects. * Long-tailed tit, ''Aegithalos caudatus''

Sylviid warblers, parrotbills, and allies

Order:

Family: Sylviidae The family Sylviidae is a group of small insectivorous passerine birds. They mainly occur as breeding species, as the common name implies, in Europe, Asia and, to a lesser extent, Africa. Most are of generally undistinguished appearance, but many have distinctive songs. * Eurasian blackcap, ''Sylvia atricapilla'' * Garden warbler, ''Sylvia borin'' * Barred warbler, ''Curruca nisoria'' * Lesser whitethroat, ''Curruca curruca'' * Western Orphean warbler, ''Curruca hortensis'' * Eastern Orphean warbler, ''Curruca crassirostris'' (A) * African desert warbler, ''Curruca deserti'' (A) * Asian desert warbler, ''Curruca nana'' (A) * Tristram's warbler, ''Curruca deserticola'' (A) * Menetries's warbler, ''Curruca mystacea'' (A) * Rüppell's warbler, ''Curruca ruppeli'' (A) * Cyprus warbler, ''Curruca melanothorax'' (A) * Sardinian warbler, ''Curruca melanocephala'' * Moltoni's warbler, ''Curruca subalpina'' * Western subalpine warbler, ''Curruca iberiae'' * Eastern subalpine warbler, ''Curruca cantillans'' * Greater whitethroat, ''Curruca communis'' * Spectacled warbler, ''Curruca conspicillata'' * Marmora's warbler, ''Curruca sarda'' * Dartford warbler, ''Curruca undata'' (near-threatened) * Vinous-throated parrotbill, ''Sinosuthora webbiana'' (I) * Ashy-throated parrotbill, ''Sinosuthora alphonsiana'' (I)

Laughingthrushes and allies

Order:

Family: Leiothrichidae The laughingthrushes are a family of Old World passerine birds. They are diverse in size and coloration. These are birds of tropical areas, with the greatest variety in Southeast Asia and the Indian subcontinent. * Red-billed leiothrix, ''Leiothrix lutea'' (I)

Kinglets

Order:

Family: Regulidae The kinglets, also called crests, are a small group of birds often included in the Old World warblers, but frequently given family status because they also resemble the titmouse, titmice. * Goldcrest, ''Regulus regulus'' * Common firecrest, ''Regulus ignicapilla''

Wallcreeper

Order:

Family: Tichodromidae The wallcreeper is a small bird related to the nuthatch family, which has stunning crimson, grey and black plumage. * Wallcreeper, ''Tichodroma muraria''

Nuthatches

Order:

Family: Sittidae Nuthatches are small woodland birds. They have the unusual ability to climb down trees head first, unlike other birds which can only go upwards. Nuthatches have big heads, short tails and powerful bills and feet. * Eurasian nuthatch, ''Sitta europaea''

Treecreepers

Order:

Family: Certhiidae Treecreepers are small woodland birds, brown above and white below. They have thin pointed down-curved bills, which they use to extricate insects from bark. They have stiff tail feathers, like woodpeckers, which they use to support themselves on vertical trees. * Eurasian treecreeper, ''Certhia familiaris'' * Short-toed treecreeper, ''Certhia brachydactyla''

Wrens

Order:

Family: Troglodytidae The wrens are mainly small and inconspicuous except for their loud songs. These birds have short wings and thin down-turned bills. Several species often hold their tails upright. All are insectivorous. * Eurasian wren, ''Troglodytes troglodytes''

Dippers

Order:

Family: Cinclidae Dippers are a group of perching birds whose habitat includes aquatic environments in the Americas, Europe and Asia. They are named for their bobbing or dipping movements. * White-throated dipper, ''Cinclus cinclus''

Starlings

Order:

Family: Sturnidae Starlings are small to medium-sized passerine birds. Their flight is strong and direct and they are very gregarious. Their preferred habitat is fairly open country. They eat insects and fruit. Plumage is typically dark with a metallic sheen. * European starling, ''Sturnus vulgaris'' * Spotless starling, ''Sturnus unicolor'' * Rosy starling, ''Pastor roseus''

Thrushes and allies

Order:

Family: Turdidae The Thrush (bird), thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs. * White's thrush, ''Zoothera aurea'' (A) * Scaly thrush, ''Zoothera dauma'' (A) * Gray-cheeked thrush, ''Catharus minimus'' (A) * Swainson's thrush, ''Catharus ustulatus'' (A) * Hermit thrush, ''Catharus guttatus'' (A) * Siberian thrush, ''Geokichla sibirica'' (A) * Mistle thrush, ''Turdus viscivorus'' * Song thrush, ''Turdus philomelos'' * Redwing, ''Turdus iliacus'' (near-threatened) * Eurasian blackbird, ''Turdus merula'' * Eyebrowed thrush, ''Turdus obscurus'' (A) * Fieldfare, ''Turdus pilaris'' * Ring ouzel, ''Turdus torquatus'' * Black-throated thrush, ''Turdus atrogularis'' (A) * Red-throated thrush, ''Turdus ruficollis'' (A) * Dusky thrush, ''Turdus eunomus'' (A) * Naumann's thrush, ''Turdus naumanni'' (A)

Old World flycatchers

Order:

Family: Muscicapidae Old World flycatchers are a large group of small passerine birds native to the Old World. They are mainly small arboreal insectivores. The appearance of these birds is highly varied, but they mostly have weak songs and harsh calls. * Spotted flycatcher, ''Muscicapa striata'' * Rufous-tailed scrub-robin, ''Cercotrichas galactotes'' * European robin, ''Erithacus rubecula'' * White-throated robin, ''Irania gutturalis'' (A) * Thrush nightingale, ''Luscinia luscinia'' * Common nightingale, ''Luscinia megarhynchos'' * Bluethroat, ''Luscinia svecica'' * Siberian rubythroat, ''Calliope calliope'' (A) * Red-flanked bluetail, ''Tarsiger cyanurus'' (A) * Mugimaki flycatcher, ''Ficedula mugimaki'' (A) * Red-breasted flycatcher, ''Ficedula parva'' * Semicollared flycatcher, ''Ficedula semitorquata'' * European pied flycatcher, ''Ficedula hypoleuca'' * Atlas flycatcher, ''Ficedula speculigera'' (A) * Collared flycatcher, ''Ficedula albicollis'' * Moussier's redstart, ''Phoenicurus moussieri'' (A) * Common redstart, ''Phoenicurus phoenicurus'' * Black redstart, ''Phoenicurus ochruros'' * Rufous-tailed rock-thrush, ''Monticola saxatilis'' * Blue rock-thrush, ''Monticola solitarius'' * Whinchat, ''Saxicola rubetra'' * European stonechat, ''Saxicola rubicola'' * Siberian stonechat, ''Saxicola maurus'' (A) * Pied bushchat, ''Saxicola caprata'' (A) * Northern wheatear, ''Oenanthe oenanthe'' * Isabelline wheatear, ''Oenanthe isabellina'' (A) * Desert wheatear, ''Oenanthe deserti'' (A) * Pied wheatear, ''Oenanthe pleschanka'' (A) * Western black-eared wheatear, ''Oenanthe hispanica'' * Eastern black-eared wheatear, ''Oenanthe melanoleuca'' (A) * Black wheatear, ''Oenanthe leucura'' * White-crowned wheatear, ''Oenanthe leucopyga'' (A)

Waxwings

Order:

Family: Bombycillidae The waxwings are a group of birds with soft silky plumage and unique red tips to some of the wing feathers. In the Bohemian and cedar waxwings, these tips look like sealing wax and give the group its name. These are arboreal birds of northern forests. They live on insects in summer and berries in winter. * Bohemian waxwing, ''Bombycilla garrulus''

Waxbills and allies

Order:

Family: Estrildidae The estrildid finches are small passerine birds of the Old World tropics and Australasia. They are gregarious and often colonial seed eaters with short thick but pointed bills. They are all similar in structure and habits, but have wide variation in plumage colors and patterns. * Red avadavat, ''Amandava amandava'' (I)

Accentors

Order:

Family: Prunellidae The accentors are in the only bird family, Prunellidae, which is completely endemic to the Palearctic. They are small, fairly drab species superficially similar to Old World sparrow, sparrows. * Alpine accentor, ''Prunella collaris'' * Siberian accentor, ''Prunella montanella'' (A) * Black-throated accentor, ''Prunella atrogularis'' (A) * Dunnock, ''Prunella modularis''

Old World sparrows

Order:

Family: Passeridae Old World sparrows are small passerine birds. In general, sparrows tend to be small, plump, brown or grey birds with short tails and short powerful beaks. Sparrows are seed eaters, but they also consume small insects. * House sparrow, ''Passer domesticus'' * Italian sparrow, ''Passer italiae'' (vulnerable) * Spanish sparrow, ''Passer hispaniolensis'' * Eurasian tree sparrow, ''Passer montanus'' * Rock sparrow, ''Petronia petronia'' * White-winged snowfinch, ''Montifringilla nivalis''

Wagtails and pipits

Order:

Family: Motacillidae Motacillidae is a family of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They include the wagtails, longclaws and pipits. They are slender, ground feeding insectivores of open country. * Gray wagtail, ''Motacilla cinerea'' * Western yellow wagtail, ''Motacilla flava'' * Eastern yellow wagtail, ''Motacilla tschutschensis'' (A) * Citrine wagtail, ''Motacilla citreola'' * White wagtail, ''Motacilla alba'' * Richard's pipit, ''Anthus richardi'' * Blyth's pipit, ''Anthus godlewskii'' (A) * Tawny pipit, ''Anthus campestris'' * Meadow pipit, ''Anthus pratensis'' (near-threatened) * Tree pipit, ''Anthus trivialis'' * Olive-backed pipit, ''Anthus hodgsoni'' (A) * Red-throated pipit, ''Anthus cervinus'' * Water pipit, ''Anthus spinoletta'' * Eurasian rock pipit, Rock pipit, ''Anthus petrosus'' (A) * American pipit, ''Anthus rubescens'' (A)

Finches, euphonias, and allies

Order:

Family: Fringillidae Finches are seed-eating passerine birds, that are small to moderately large and have a strong beak, usually conical and in some species very large. All have twelve tail feathers and nine primaries. These birds have a bouncing flight with alternating bouts of flapping and gliding on closed wings, and most sing well. * Common chaffinch, ''Fringilla coelebs'' * Brambling, ''Fringilla montifringilla'' * Hawfinch, ''Coccothraustes coccothraustes'' * Common rosefinch, ''Carpodacus erythrinus'' * Pine grosbeak, ''Pinicola enucleator'' (A) * Eurasian bullfinch, ''Pyrrhula pyrrhula'' * Trumpeter finch, ''Bucanetes githagineus'' (A) * European greenfinch, ''Chloris chloris'' * Twite, ''Linaria flavirostris'' (A) * Eurasian linnet, ''Linaria cannabina'' * Common redpoll, ''Acanthis flammea'' * Lesser redpoll, ''Acanthis cabaret'' * Parrot crossbill, ''Loxia pytyopsittacus'' (A) * Red crossbill, ''Loxia curvirostra'' * White-winged crossbill, ''Loxia leucoptera'' (A) * European goldfinch, ''Carduelis carduelis'' * Citril finch, ''Serinus citrinella'' * Corsican finch, ''Serinus corsicanus'' * European serin, ''Serinus serinus'' * Eurasian siskin, ''Spinus spinus''

Longspurs and snow buntings

Order:

Family: Calcariidae The Calcariidae are a group of passerine birds which had been traditionally grouped with the New World sparrows, but differ in a number of respects and are usually found in open grassy areas. * Lapland longspur, ''Calcarius lapponicus'' * Snow bunting, ''Plectrophenax nivalis''

Old World buntings

Order:

Family: Emberizidae The emberizids are a large family of passerine birds. They are seed-eating birds with distinctively shaped bills. Many emberizid species have distinctive head patterns. * Black-headed bunting, ''Emberiza melanocephala'' * Red-headed bunting, ''Emberiza bruniceps'' (A) * Corn bunting, ''Emberiza calandra'' * Rock bunting, ''Emberiza cia'' * Cirl bunting, ''Emberiza cirlus'' * Yellowhammer, ''Emberiza citrinella'' * Pine bunting, ''Emberiza leucocephalos'' * Ortolan bunting, ''Emberiza hortulana'' * Cretzschmar's bunting, ''Emberiza caesia'' (A) * Pallas's bunting, ''Emberiza pallasi'' (A) * Reed bunting, ''Emberiza schoeniclus'' * Yellow-breasted bunting, ''Emberiza aureola'' (A) (critically endangered) * Little bunting, ''Emberiza pusilla'' (A) * Rustic bunting, ''Emberiza rustica'' (A) (vulnerable)

New World sparrows

Order:

Family: Passerellidae The New World sparrows (or American sparrows) are a large family of seed-eating passerine birds with distinctively finch-like bills. * Fox sparrow, ''Passerella iliaca'' (A)

Troupials and allies

Order:

Family: Icteridae Icterids make up a family of small- to medium-sized, often colorful, New-World passerine birds. Most species have black as a predominant plumage color, often enlivened by yellow, orange or red. The species in the family vary widely in size, shape, behavior and coloration. * Bobolink, ''Dolichonyx oryzivorus'' (A)

Gallery of Italian breeding birds

images of bird species whose nesting in Italy has been confirmed, listed alphabetically by common (English) name.

A

image:Plochacz 5001DX.jpg, Alpine accentor
''Prunella collaris'' image:Alpineswift25.jpg, Alpine swift
''Apus melba'' image:Korallenmöve seitlich.jpg, Audouin's gull
''Ichthyaetus audouinii''

B

image:Digesvale.jpg, Bank swallow
''Riparia riparia'' image:Schleiereule fws.jpg, Barn owl
''Tyto alba'' image:Landsvale.jpg, Barn swallow
''Hirundo rustica'' image:Sylvia_nisoria.jpg, Barred warbler
''Sylvia nisoria'' image:Beardedtit46.jpg, Bearded reedling
''Panurus biarmicus'' image:Lammergeier.jpg, Bearded vulture
''Gypaetus barbatus'' image:Tetrao tetrix from ja.jpg, Black grouse
''Tetrao tetrix'' image:Milvus migrans 2005.jpg, Black kite
''Milvus migrans'' image:Phoenicurus ochruros.jpg, Black redstart
''Phoenicurus ochruros'' image:Ciconia nigra 1 (Marek Szczepanek).jpg, Black stork
''Ciconia nigra'' image:Chlidonias niger.jpg, Black tern
''Chlidonias niger'' image:Dryocopus martius.jpg, Black woodpecker
''Dryocopus martius'' image:Nycticorax nycticorax 000.jpg, Black-crowned night-heron
''Nycticorax nycticorax'' image:Black-headed Bunting.jpg, Black-headed bunting
''Emberiza melanocephala'' image:Larus ridibundus.jpg, Black-headed gull
''Chroicocephalus ridibundus'' image:Limosa limosa.jpg, Black-tailed godwit
''Limosa limosa'' image:Black-necked Stilt.jpg, Black-winged stilt
''Himantopus himantopus'' image:Monticola solitarius NAUMANN.jpg, Blue rock-thrush
''Monticola solitarius'' image:Habichtsadler.jpg, Bonelli's eagle
''Aquila fasciata'' image:Raufusskauz.jpg, Boreal owl
''Aegolius funereus''

C

image:Calandralark57.jpg, Calandra lark
''Melanocorypha calandra'' image:Corvus corone Rabenkrähe 1.jpg, Carrion crow
''Corvus corone'' image:Larus cachinnans 3 (Marek Szczepanek).jpg, Caspian gull
''Larus cachinnans'' image:Cattle Egret.jpg, Cattle egret
''Bubulcus ibis'' image:Cetti's zanger.jpg, Cetti's warbler
''Cettia cetti'' image:Emberiza cirlus.jpg, Cirl bunting
''Emberiza cirlus'' image:Parus ater 2 (Marek Szczepanek).jpg, Coal tit
''Periparus ater'' image:Halsbandschnaepper.jpg, Collared flycatcher
''Ficedula albicollis'' image:Naumann Glareola pratincola Glareola nordmanni.jpg, Collared pratincole
''Glareola pratincola'' image:Poster Buteo buteo.jpg, Common buzzard
''Buteo buteo'' image:Chaffinch.jpg, Common chaffinch
''Fringilla coelebs'' image:Chiffchaff245.jpg, Common chiffchaff
''Phylloscopus collybita'' image:Cuculus canorus.jpg, Common cuckoo
''Cuculus canorus'' image:Firecrest93.JPG, Common firecrest
''Regulus ignicapilla'' image:Martin.JPG, Common house-martin
''Delichon urbicum'' image:Alcedo atthis 1 tb.jpg, Common kingfisher
''Alcedo atthis'' image:Nachtigall1.jpg, Common nightingale
''Luscinia megarhynchos'' image:Aythya ferina 02.jpg, Common pochard
''Aythya ferina'' image:Weibliche Wachtel (Coturnix coturnix).jpg, Common quail
''Coturnix coturnix'' image:Corvus corax (FWS).jpg, Common raven
''Corvus corax'' image:Carduelis flammea 3.jpg, Common redpoll
''Acanthis flammea'' image:Redshank172.jpg, Common redshank
''Tringa totanus'' image:Gekraagderoodstaart2.jpg, Common redstart
''Phoenicurus phoenicurus'' image:Actitis hypoleucos 1 tb (Marek Szczepanek).jpg, Common sandpiper
''Actitis hypoleucos'' image:Tadorna tadorna (aka).jpg, Common shelduck
''Tadorna tadorna'' image:Gallinago_gallinago_hamburg.jpg, Common snipe
''Gallinago gallinago'' image:Mauersegler4.jpg, Common swift
''Apus apus'' image:Sterna hirundo.jpg, Common tern
''Sterna hirundo'' image:Treecreepers14.jpg, Common treecreeper
''Certhia familiaris'' image:Wood.pigeon.2.arp.750pix.jpg, Common wood-pigeon
''Columba palumbus'' image:Miliaria calandra.jpg, Corn bunting
''Emberiza calandra'' image:Crex crex00.jpg, Corn crake
''Crex crex'' image:Bertamaggiore.jpg, Cory's shearwater
''Calonectris diomedea'' image:Galerida cristata naumann.jpg, Crested lark
''Galerida cristata'' image:Lophophanus cristatus.jpg, Crested tit
''Lophophanes cristatus''

D

image:Dunnock.jpg, Dunnock
''Prunella modularis''

E

image:Egyptian vulture.jpg, Egyptian vulture
''Neophron percnopterus'' image:Falke san telmo.jpg, Eleonora's falcon
''Falco eleonorae'' image:Solsort.jpg, Eurasian blackbird
''Turdus merula'' image:Sylvia atricapilla.jpg, Eurasian blackcap
''Sylvia atricapilla'' image:Parus caeruleus1.jpg, Eurasian blue tit
''Parus caeruleus'' image:Gil samiec i samica.jpg, Eurasian bullfinch
''Pyrrhula pyrrhula'' image:Tuerkentaube2.jpg, Eurasian collared-dove
''Streptopelia decaocto'' image:Teichhuhn1 db.jpg, Eurasian coot
''Fulica atra'' image:Cragmartin22.jpg, Eurasian crag-martin
''Ptyonoprogne rupestris'' image:Dotterel71.jpg, Eurasian dotterel
''Charadrius morinellus'' image:Uhu-muc.jpg, Eurasian eagle-owl
''Bubo bubo'' image:Goldenoriole26.jpg, Eurasian golden oriole
''Oriolus oriolus'' image:Naumann gruenspecht.jpg, Eurasian green woodpecker
''Picus viridis'' image:Griffon.JPG, Eurasian griffon
''Gyps fulvus'' image:Hobby04.jpg, Eurasian hobby
''Falco subbuteo'' image:Jackdaw.northdevon.arp-sh.750pix.jpg, Eurasian jackdaw
''Corvus monedula'' image:Garrulus glandarius3.jpg, Eurasian jay
''Garrulus glandarius'' image:Falco tinnunculus.jpg, Eurasian kestrel
''Falco tinnunculus'' image:Carduelis cannabina 01.jpg, Eurasian linnet
''Linaria cannabina'' image:Pica serica - Hong Kong.jpg, Eurasian magpie
''Pica pica'' image:Rohrweihe.jpg, Eurasian marsh-harrier
''Circus aeruginosus'' image:Gallinula_galeata_Common_Gallinule_Florida_750px.jpg, Eurasian moorhen
''Gallinula chloropus'' image:Poster Nucifraga caryocatactes.jpg, Eurasian nutcracker
''Nucifraga caryocatactes'' image:Sitta europaea wildlife 2 1.jpg, Eurasian nuthatch
''Sitta europaea'' image:Oystercatcher_pecking_the_water.jpg, Eurasian oystercatcher
''Haematopus ostralegus'' image:Remiz pendulinus (Marek Szczepanek).jpg, Eurasian penduline-tit
''Remiz pendulinus'' image:Sperlingskauz.jpg, Eurasian pygmy-owl
''Glaucidium passerinum'' image:Acrocephalus scirpaceus (cropped).jpg, Eurasian reed warbler
''Acrocephalus scirpaceus'' image:Carduelis spinus 1 tom (Marek Szczepanek).jpg, Eurasian siskin
''Spinus spinus'' image:Skylark59.jpg, Eurasian skylark
''Alauda arvensis'' image:Sparrowhawk04.jpg, Eurasian sparrowhawk
''Accipiter nisus'' image:Spoonbill50.jpg, Eurasian spoonbill
''Platalea leucorodia'' image:Burhinus oedicnemus.jpg, Eurasian thick-knee
''Burhinus oedicnemus'' image:Picoides tridactylus NAUMANN.jpg, Eurasian three-toed woodpecker
''Picoides tridactylus'' image:Passer montanus 2.jpg, Eurasian tree sparrow
''Passer montanus'' image:Troglodytes troglodytes1.jpg, Eurasian wren
''Troglodytes troglodytes'' image:Jynx torquilla.jpg, Eurasian wryneck
''Jynx torquilla'' image:Merops apiaster (Marek Szczepanek).jpg, European bee-eater
''Merops apiaster'' image:De Stieglitz lat Carduelis carduelis.jpg, European goldfinch
''Carduelis carduelis'' image:Carduelis chloris 5 (Marek Szczepanek).jpg, European greenfinch
''Chloris chloris'' image:Honeybuzzard.JPG, European honey-buzzard
''Pernis apivorus'' image:Caprimulgus europaeus.jpg, European nightjar
''Caprimulgus europaeus'' image:ErithacusRubecula.jpg, European robin
''Erithacus rubecula'' image:European roller.jpg, European roller
''Coracias garrulus'' image:Zwergohreulen.jpg, European scops-owl
''Otus scops'' image:Girlitz.jpg, European serin
''Serinus serinus'' image:Phalacrocorax aristotelis.jpg, European shag
''Gulosus aristotelis'' image:Common starling in london.jpg, European starling
''Sturnus vulgaris'' image:Saxicola rubicola 1 (Marek Szczepanek).jpg, European stonechat
''Saxicola rubicola'' image:Hydrobates pelagicus.jpg, European storm-petrel
''Hydrobates pelagicus'' image:Turtle_dove.jpg, European turtle-dove
''Streptopelia turtur''

F

image:Aythya nyroca16.jpg, Ferruginous duck
''Aythya nyroca'' image:Turdus pilaris I.jpg, Fieldfare
''Turdus pilaris''

G

image:Gadwallfem03.jpg, Gadwall
''Mareca strepera'' image:Sylvia borin.jpg, Garden warbler
''Sylvia borin'' image:Garganey duck.jpg, Garganey
''Spatula querquedula'' image:Ibis kasztanowatyRB.jpg, Glossy ibis
''Plegadis falcinellus'' image:Regulus regulus0.jpg, Goldcrest
''Regulus regulus'' image:Ardea cinerea 2 (Marek Szczepanek).jpg, Gray heron
''Ardea cinerea'' image:Perdix perdix (Marek Szczepanek).jpg, Gray partridge
''Perdix perdix'' image:Grey Wagtail.jpg, Gray wagtail
''Motacilla cinerea'' image:Picus canus 2.jpg, Gray-headed woodpecker
''Picus canus'' image:Botaurus stellaris (Marek Szczepanek).jpg, Great bittern
''Botaurus stellaris'' image:Phalacrocorax carbo ja01.jpg, Great cormorant
''Phalacrocorax carbo'' image:Podiceps cristatus 5 (Marek Szczepanek).jpg, Great crested grebe
''Podiceps cristatus'' image:Ardea alba 003.jpg, Great egret
''Ardea alba'' image:Acrocephalus arundinaceus (Marek Szczepanek).jpg, Great reed warbler
''Acrocephalus arundinaceus'' image:Clamator glandarius.jpg, Great spotted cuckoo
''Clamator glandarius'' image:Dendrocopos major 4 (Marek Szczepanek).jpg, Great spotted woodpecker
''Dendrocopos major'' image:Parus major 4 (Marek Szczepanek).jpg, Great tit
''Parus major'' image:Shorttoedlark59.JPG, Greater short-toed lark
''Calandrella brachydactyla'' image:Sylvia curruca communis borin.jpg, Greater whitethroat
''Sylvia communis'' image:Corhwyaden.jpg, Green-winged teal
''Anas crecca'' image:GoldenEagle-Nova.jpg, Golden eagle
''Aquila chrysaetos'' image:Gull-billed Tern.jpg, Gull-billed tern
''Gelochelidon nilotica''

H

image:Coccothraustes coccothraustes 1 (Marek Szczepanek).jpg, Hawfinch
''Coccothraustes coccothraustes'' image:Gelinotte.jpg, Hazel grouse
''Bonasa bonasia'' image:Passer domesticus3.jpg, House sparrow
''Passer domesticus''

K

image:Charadrinus alexandrinus.jpg, Kentish plover
''Charadrius alexandrinus''

L

image:Falco biarmicus NAUMANN.jpg, Lanner falcon
''Falco biarmicus'' image:Crestedtern89.jpg, Lesser crested tern
''Thalasseus bengalensis'' image:Schwarzstirnwuerger.jpg, Lesser gray shrike
''Lanius minor'' image:Roetelfalke 0505281 bearbeitet.jpg, Lesser kestrel
''Falco naumanni'' image:Dendrocopos minor male.jpg, Lesser spotted woodpecker
''Dryobates minor'' image:Sylvia curruca.jpg, Lesser whitethroat
''Sylvia curruca'' image:Ixobrychus minutus 3 (Marek Szczepanek).jpg, Little bittern
''Ixobrychus minutus'' image:Tetrax tetrax.jpg, Little bustard
''Tetrax tetrax'' image:Littlecrake62.jpg, Little crake
''Zapornia parva'' image:Egretta garzetta 003.jpg, Little egret
''Egretta garzetta'' image:Tachybaptus ruficollis 1 (Marek Szczepanek).jpg, Little grebe
''Tachybaptus ruficollis'' image:Littleowl.jpg, Little owl
''Athene noctua'' image:Charadrius dubius.jpg, Little ringed plover
''Charadrius dubius'' image:Koajisashi 05a2432s.jpg, Little tern
''Sternula albifrons'' image:CRW 2987.jpg, Long-eared owl
''Asio otus'' image:Aegithalos caudatus 1 (Marek Szczepanek).jpg, Long-tailed tit
''Aegithalos caudatus''

M

image:Mallard drake flight.jpg, Mallard
''Anas platyrhynchos'' image:Sumpfmeise1.jpg, Marsh tit
''Poecile palustris'' image:Acrocephalus palustris (Marek Szczepanek).jpg, Marsh warbler
''Acrocephalus palustris'' image:Larus melanocephalus01.jpg, Mediterranean gull
''Ichthyaetus melanocephalus'' image:Hypolais.jpg, Melodious warbler
''Hippolais polyglotta'' image:Mittelspecht Dendrocopos medius1.jpg, Middle spotted woodpecker
''Dendrocoptes medius'' image:Mistle thrush.jpg, Mistle thrush
''Turdus viscivorus'' image:Monties.jpg, Montagu's harrier
''Circus pygargus'' image:Schwan1 db.jpg, Mute swan
''Cygnus olor''

N

image:Vanellus vanellus 1 (Marek Szczepanek).jpg, Northern lapwing
''Vanellus vanellus'' image:Accipiter gentilis.jpg, Northern goshawk
''Accipiter gentilis'' image:Shovelerhen05.jpg, Northern shoveler
''Spatula clypeata'' image:Oenanthe oenanthe.jpg, Northern wheatear
''Oenanthe oenanthe''

O

image:Ortolan.jpg, Ortolan bunting
''Emberiza hortulana''

P

image:Audubon-peregrinus.jpg, Peregrine falcon
''Falco peregrinus'' image:Recurvirostra avosetta ryc.jpg, Pied avocet
''Recurvirostra avosetta'' image:Ardea purpurea.jpg, Purple heron
''Ardea purpurea'' image:Phalacrocorax pygmeus NEUMANN.jpg, Pygmy cormorant
''Microcarbo pygmeus''

R

image:Fi Kreuzschnabel m.jpg, Red crossbill
''Loxia curvirostra'' image:Rotmilan.jpg, Red kite
''Milvus milvus'' image:Lanius collurio 4.jpg, Red-backed shrike
''Lanius collurio'' image:Chough.jpg, Red-billed chough
''Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax'' image:Netta rufina (Red-crested Pochard) Male, London Wetland Centre - Diliff.jpg, Red-crested pochard
''Netta rufina'' image:Falco vespertinus NAUMANN.jpg, Red-footed falcon
''Falco vespertinus'' image:Redleggedpartridge35.jpg, Red-legged partridge
''Alectoris rufa'' image:Emberiza schoeniclus.jpg, Reed bunting
''Emberiza schoeniclus'' image:Turdus torquatus NAUMANN.jpg, Ring ouzel
''Turdus torquatus'' image:Phasianus colchicus 2 tom (Lukasz Lukasik).jpg, Ring-necked pheasant
''Phasianus colchicus'' image:Emberiza cia.jpg, Rock bunting
''Emberiza cia'' image:Alectoris graeca.jpg, Rock partridge
''Alectoris graeca'' image:Columba livia.jpg, Rock pigeon
''Columba livia'' image:Ptarmigan9.jpg, Rock ptarmigan
''Lagopus muta'' image:Petronia petronia.JPG, Rock sparrow
''Petronia petronia'' image:Monticola saxatilis NAUMANN.jpg, Rufous-tailed rock-thrush
''Monticola saxatilis''

S

image:Sandwich_Tern_perched.jpg, Sandwich tern
''Thalasseus sandvicensis'' image:Sardinian Warbler.jpg, Sardinian warbler
''Sylvia melanocephala'' image:Acrocephalus schoenobaenus 1 (Marek Szczepanek).jpg, Sedge warbler
''Acrocephalus schoenobaenus'' image:Circaetus gallicus 01.JPG, Short-toed snake-eagle
''Circaetus gallicus'' image:Boomkruiper1.jpg, Short-toed treecreeper
''Certhia brachydactyla'' image:Turdus philomelos.jpg, Song thrush
''Turdus philomelos'' image:Weidensperling.jpg, Spanish sparrow
''Passer hispaniolensis'' image:Porzana porzana naumann.jpg, Spotted crake
''Porzana porzana'' image:SpottedFlycatcheronfence.jpg, Spotted flycatcher
''Muscicapa striata'' image:Czapla modronosa.jpg, Squacco heron
''Ardeola ralloides'' image:Columba oenas.jpg, Stock pigeon
''Columba oenas'' image:Sylvia cantillans1.jpg, Subalpine warbler
''Sylvia cantillans''

T

image:Tawny wiki edit1.jpg, Tawny owl
''Strix aluco'' image:Anthus triviallis (Marek Szczepanek).jpg, Tree pipit
''Anthus trivialis'' image:Aythya fuligula 02.jpg, Tufted duck
''Aythya fuligula''

U

image:Habichtskauz.jpg, Ural owl
''Strix uralensis''

W

image:Tichodroma muraria NAUMANN.jpg, Wallcreeper
''Tichodroma muraria'' image:Anthus spinoletta.jpg, Water pipit
''Anthus spinoletta'' image:Rallus aquaticus 4 (Marek Szczepanek).jpg, Water rail
''Rallus aquaticus'' image:Phylloscopus bonelli.jpg, Western Bonelli's warbler
''Phylloscopus bonelli'' image:Tjädertupp och tjäderhöna, Iduns kokbok.jpg, Western capercaillie
''Tetrao urogallus'' image:Sylvia nisoria hortensis naumann.jpg, Western Orphean warbler
''Western Orphean warbler, Sylvia hortensis'' image:Porphyro porphyrio.jpg, Western swamphen
''Porphyrio porphyrio'' image:Saxicula rubetra 001.jpg, Whinchat
''Saxicola rubetra'' image:Whiskeredtern65.jpg, Whiskered tern
''Chlidonias hybrida'' image:Stork1.jpg, White stork
''Ciconia ciconia'' image:Pied Wagtail front view 700.jpg, White wagtail
''Motacilla alba'' image:Dendrocopos leucotos NAUMANN.jpg, White-backed woodpecker
''Dendrocopos leucotos'' image:Wasseramsel.jpg, White-throated dipper
''Cinclus cinclus'' image:Montifringilla nivalis march 2006 01.jpg, White-winged snowfinch
''Montifringilla nivalis'' image:Chlidonias_niger_(Marek_Szczepanek).jpg, White-winged tern
''Chlidonias leucopterus'' image:Parus atricapillus 2 (Marek Szczepanek).jpg, Willow tit
''Poecile montana'' image:Woodlark57.jpg, Wood lark
''Lullula arborea'' image:Phylloscopus sibilatrix.jpg, Wood warbler
''Phylloscopus sibilatrix'' image:Woodchat.jpg, Woodchat shrike
''Lanius senator''

Y

image:Emberiza citrinella 1 (Marek Szczepanek).jpg, Yellowhammer
''Emberiza citrinella'' image:Alpine_Chough.jpg, Yellow-billed chough
''Pyrrhocorax graculus'' image:2004-04-10 Larus michahellis ad.jpg, Yellow-legged gull
''Larus michahellis''

Z

image:Cisticola1.jpg, Zitting cisticola
''Cisticola juncidis''

References

External links

EBN Italia il birdwatching italiano

Rete ecologica nazionale

''Fauna Europaea''

{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Birds Of Italy Lists of birds of Europe, Italy Lists of biota of Italy, Birds Lists of birds by country, Italy Fauna of Italy, Birds