This list of bird species introduced to the Hawaiian Islands includes only those species known to have established self-sustaining breeding populations as a direct or indirect result of human intervention. A complete list of all non-native species ever imported to the islands, including those that never became established, would be much longer. In the following list, ^ indicates a species indigenous to the
Hawaiian Islands
The Hawaiian Islands ( haw, Nā Mokupuni o Hawai‘i) are an archipelago of eight major islands, several atolls, and numerous smaller islets in the North Pacific Ocean, extending some from the island of Hawaii in the south to northernmost Kur ...
but introduced to an area or areas outside its known native range, * indicates a formerly established population that is now
extirpated, and parenthetical notes describe the specific islands where each species is known to be established.
*
Western cattle egret
The western cattle egret (''Bubulcus ibis'') is a species of heron (family Ardeidae) found in the tropics, subtropics and warm temperate zones. Most taxonomic authorities lump this species and the eastern cattle egret together (called the catt ...
(most of the larger islands)
*
Mallard
The mallard () or wild duck (''Anas platyrhynchos'') is a dabbling duck that breeds throughout the temperate and subtropical Americas, Eurasia, and North Africa, and has been introduced to New Zealand, Australia, Peru, Brazil, Uruguay, Arge ...
(throughout)
*
Wild turkey (Hawaii, Lanai, Maui, Molokai, and Niihau)
*
California quail
*
Gambel's quail (Lanai and Kahoolawe)
*
Chukar partridge (all main islands from Kauai eastward, except Oahu)
*
Black francolin
The black francolin (''Francolinus francolinus'') is a gamebird in the pheasant family Phasianidae of the order Galliformes, gallinaceous birds. It was formerly known as the black partridge. It is the state bird of Haryana state, India (locally ...
(Hawaii, Kauai, Maui, and Molokai; possibly extirpated
)
*
Grey francolin (Hawaii, Lanai, Maui, Molokai, and Oahu)
*
Erckel's spurfowl
Erckel's spurfowl (''Pternistis erckelii''), also known as Erckel's francolin, is a species of game bird in the family Phasianidae.
Taxonomy
Erckel's spurfowl was described in 1935 by the German naturalist Eduard Rüppell from specimens collect ...
(all main islands from Kauai eastward, except Maui)
*
Red junglefowl (Kauai, Oahu, and Maui)
*
Kalij pheasant (Hawaii)
*
Common pheasant
The common pheasant (''Phasianus colchicus'') is a bird in the pheasant family (biology), family (Phasianidae). The genus name comes from Latin ''phasianus'', "pheasant". The species name ''colchicus'' is Latin for "of Colchis" (modern day Geor ...
(all main islands from Kauai eastward)
*
Green pheasant (Lanai and Kauai; possibly Maui)
*
Indian peafowl (Hawaii, Maui, and Oahu)
*
Chestnut-bellied sandgrouse
The chestnut-bellied sandgrouse or common sandgrouse (''Pterocles exustus'') is a species of sandgrouse. It is a sedentary and nomadic species that ranges from northern and central Africa and further east towards western and southern Asia. There a ...
(Hawaii)
*
Rock dove (Hawaii, Maui, Oahu)
*
Spotted dove
The spotted dove (''Spilopelia chinensis'') is a small and somewhat long-tailed pigeon that is a common resident breeding bird across its native range on the Indian subcontinent and in Southeast Asia. The species has been introduced to many parts ...
(all main islands from Kauai eastward)
*
Zebra dove
The zebra dove (''Geopelia striata''), also known as the barred ground dove, or barred dove, is a species of bird of the dove family, Columbidae, native to Southeast Asia. They are small birds with a long tail, predominantly brownish-grey in col ...
(all main islands from Kauai eastward)
*
Mourning dove (Hawaii, Maui)
*
Rose-ringed parakeet
The rose-ringed parakeet (''Psittacula krameri''), also known as the ring-necked parakeet (more commonly known as the Indian ringneck parrot), is a medium-sized parrot in the genus Psittacula, of the family Psittacidae. It has disjunct native ran ...
(Hawaii, Oahu, and Kauai)
*
Mitred parakeet (Hawaii)
*
Red-masked parakeet (Hawaii, O'ahu)
*
Red-crowned amazon (O'ahu)
*
Western barn owl (all main islands from Kauai eastward)
*
Mariana swiftlet
The Mariana swiftlet or Guam swiftlet (''Aerodramus bartschi'') is a species of swiftlet in the family Apodidae.
Taxonomy
It was formerly lumped with the island swiftlet (''Aerodramus inquietus'').
Description
The swiftlet is about 11 cm ...
(Oahu)
*
Eurasian skylark (All main islands)
*
Red-vented bulbul (O'ahu)
*
Red-whiskered bulbul (O'ahu)
*
Japanese bush warbler
The Japanese bush warbler (''Horornis diphone''), known in Japanese as ''uguisu'' (鶯), is an Asian passerine bird more often heard than seen. Its distinctive breeding song can be heard throughout much of Japan from the start of spring.
Descri ...
(All main islands)
*
White-rumped shama
The white-rumped shama (''Copsychus malabaricus'') is a small passerine bird of the family Muscicapidae. Native to densely vegetated habitats in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia, its popularity as a cage-bird and songster has led to it ...
(All main islands)
*
Greater necklaced laughingthrush (Kauai)
*
Chinese Hwamei
The Chinese hwamei or melodious laughingthrush (''Garrulax canorus'') is a passerine bird of eastern Asia in the family Leiothrichidae. The name "hwamei" comes from the Chinese 画眉 (huà-méi) means "painted eyebrow" referring to the distincti ...
(All main islands)
*
Red-billed leiothrix
The red-billed leiothrix (''Leiothrix lutea'') is a member of the family Leiothrichidae, native to southern China and the Himalayas. Adults have bright red bills and a dull yellow ring around their eyes. Their backs are dull olive green, and the ...
(Hawaii, Maui, O'ahu)
*
Warbling white-eye (Hawaii, Maui, Kauai, see
Japanese white-eye in Hawaii
Along with a number of other organisms, the Japanese white-eye (''Zosterops japonicus'') has become an invasive species in Hawaii. Its native range includes much of East Asia, including Japan, China, Vietnam, Taiwan, and the Philippines.
Introdu ...
)
*
Northern mockingbird (All main islands)
*
Common myna (All main islands)
*
Yellow-faced grassquit
The yellow-faced grassquit (''Tiaris olivaceus'') is a passerine bird in the tanager family Thraupidae and is the only member of the genus ''Tiaris''. It is native to the Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.
Taxonomy
In 1760 the ...
(O'ahu)
*
Saffron finch (Hawai'i)
*
Red-crested cardinal
The red-crested cardinal (''Paroaria coronata'') is a songbird, the species belonging to the family of tanagers (Thraupidae). Notwithstanding its similar name, this bird is not closely related to the true cardinal family (Cardinalidae). It is so ...
(Oahu, Maui, Kauai)
*
Yellow-billed cardinal
The yellow-billed cardinal (''Paroaria capitata'') is a bird species in the tanager family (Thraupidae). It is not very closely related to the cardinals proper (Cardinalidae).
It occurs in Brazil, Paraguay, Bolivia, Uruguay, and northern Argenti ...
(Hawaii)
*
Northern cardinal
The northern cardinal (''Cardinalis cardinalis'') is a bird in the genus ''Cardinalis''; it is also known colloquially as the redbird, common cardinal, red cardinal, or just cardinal (which was its name prior to 1985). It can be found in southea ...
(All main islands)
*
Western meadowlark (Kaua'i)
*
House finch
The house finch (''Haemorhous mexicanus'') is a bird in the finch family Fringillidae. It is native to western North America and has been introduced to the eastern half of the continent and Hawaii. This species and the other two American rosef ...
(All main islands)
*
Atlantic canary
The Atlantic canary (''Serinus canaria''), known worldwide simply as the wild canary and also called the island canary, common canary, or canary, is a small passerine bird belonging to the genus ''Serinus'' in the finch family, Fringillidae. It ...
*
Yellow-fronted canary
The yellow-fronted canary (''Crithagra mozambica'') is a small passerine bird in the finch family. It is sometimes known in aviculture as the green singing finch.
The yellow-fronted canary was formerly placed in the genus ''Serinus'', but phylo ...
(O'ahu, Hawaii)
*
Laysan finch^ (Pearl and Hermes Reef*)
*
House sparrow
The house sparrow (''Passer domesticus'') is a bird of the sparrow family Passeridae, found in most parts of the world. It is a small bird that has a typical length of and a mass of . Females and young birds are coloured pale brown and grey, a ...
(All main islands)
*
Red-cheeked cordon-bleu (Hawaii)
*
Lavender waxbill
The lavender waxbill (''Glaucestrilda caerulescens'') is a common species of estrildid finch native to Central Africa and successfully introduced on Hawai'i. It has an estimated global extent of occurrence of .
Habitat
It is found in subtropical ...
(Hawaii, O'ahu)
*
Orange-cheeked waxbill
The orange-cheeked waxbill (''Estrilda melpoda'') is a common species of estrildid finch native to western and central Africa, with an estimated global extent of occurrence of 3,600,000 km2.
Behavior
The orange-cheeked waxbill lives in ...
(Maui, O'ahu)
*
Black-rumped waxbill (Hawaii)
*
Common waxbill (All main islands)
*
Red avadavat (Kauai, O'ahu)
*
African silverbill
The African silverbill (''Euodice cantans'') is a small passerine bird formerly considered conspecific with the Asian species Indian silverbill, (''Euodice malabarica''). This estrildid finch is a common resident breeding bird in dry savanna h ...
(All main islands)
*
Scaly-breasted munia
The scaly-breasted munia or spotted munia (''Lonchura punctulata''), known in the pet trade as nutmeg mannikin or spice finch, is a sparrow-sized estrildid finch native to tropical Asia. A species of the genus ''Lonchura'', it was formally desc ...
(All main islands)
*
Chestnut munia
The chestnut munia or black-headed munia (''Lonchura atricapilla'') is a small passerine. It was formerly considered conspecific with the closely related tricoloured munia, but is now widely recognized as a separate species. This estrildid finch ...
(All main islands)
*
Java sparrow (Maui, Kauai, Hawaii)
*
Cedar waxwing (Maui)
See also
*
Endemic birds of Hawaii
*
List of introduced bird species
This list of introduced bird species includes all the species of bird introduced to an area without regard to that territory being or not being their native area of occupation or the success of that re-introduction or introduction to the area. This ...
*
List of introduced species
A complete list of introduced species for even quite small areas of the world would be dauntingly long. Humans have introduced more different species to new environments than any single document can hope to record. This list is generally for estab ...
*
Introduced species
*
List of invasive species
These are lists of invasive species by country or region. A species is regarded as invasive if it has been introduced by human action to a location, area, or region where it did not previously occur naturally (i.e., is not a native species), becom ...
*
Invasive species
An invasive species otherwise known as an alien is an introduced organism that becomes overpopulated and harms its new environment. Although most introduced species are neutral or beneficial with respect to other species, invasive species ad ...
References
Sources
*American Ornithologists' Union. 1998. ''Check-list of North American Birds''. 7th edition. American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C. 829 pp.
*Berger, Andrew J. 1981. ''Hawaiian birdlife''. 2nd edition. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu. 260 pp.
*Long, John L. 1971. ''Introduced birds of the world: the worldwide history, distribution, and influence of birds introduced to new environments''. Universe Books, New York. 528 pp.
{{North American birds
Hawaii, introduced
Birds, species
Bird species introduced
Hawaii
Hawaii birds