List of ancient monoliths
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This is a list of ancient monoliths found in all types of
Greek Greek may refer to: Greece Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group. *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family. **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...
and Roman buildings. It contains
monolith A monolith is a geological feature consisting of a single massive stone or rock, such as some mountains. For instance, Savandurga mountain is a monolith mountain in India. Erosion usually exposes the geological formations, which are often ma ...
s *quarried, but not moved *quarried and moved *quarried, moved and lifted clear off the ground into their position ( architraves etc.) *quarried, moved and erected in an upright position ( columns etc.) Transporting was done by land or water (or a combination of both), in the later case often by special-built ships such as obelisk carriers. For lifting operations, ancient cranes were employed since ca. 515 BC, such as in the construction of Trajan's Column. It should be stressed that all numbers are estimations since only in the rarest cases have monoliths been actually weighed. Rather, weight is calculated by multiplying
volume Volume is a measure of occupied three-dimensional space. It is often quantified numerically using SI derived units (such as the cubic metre and litre) or by various imperial or US customary units (such as the gallon, quart, cubic inch). Th ...
by
density Density (volumetric mass density or specific mass) is the substance's mass per unit of volume. The symbol most often used for density is ''ρ'' (the lower case Greek letter rho), although the Latin letter ''D'' can also be used. Mathematical ...
. The main source, J. J. Coulton, assumes 2.75 t/m3 for
marble Marble is a metamorphic rock composed of recrystallized carbonate minerals, most commonly calcite or dolomite. Marble is typically not foliated (layered), although there are exceptions. In geology, the term ''marble'' refers to metamorphose ...
and 2.25 t/m3 for other stone. For an explanation of the large margin of error, which often leads to widely differing numbers, see these introductory remarks.


Greek monoliths

Below a selection of Greek monoliths sorted by their date.


Roman monoliths

Below a selection of Roman monoliths sorted by their date; the list also includes work on
Greek temple Greek temples ( grc, ναός, naós, dwelling, semantically distinct from Latin , "temple") were structures built to house deity statues within Greek sanctuaries in ancient Greek religion. The temple interiors did not serve as meeting places, s ...
s which was continued into the Roman era.


Gallery


Greek monoliths

File:Statue of Nikandre.jpg, File:Athenskouros.jpg, File:Crupi Giovanni - 1217 - Girgenti - Tempio di Ercole.jpg, File:KourosOfApollonas.jpg, Colossos of Apollona (~69 t) File:Rocche-di-Cusa-bjs-1.jpg, File:Huge doric capital - Temple of Zeus - Valle dei Templi - Agrigento - Italy 2015.JPG, Huge doric capital,
Temple of Olympian Zeus, Agrigento The Temple of Olympian Zeus (or Olympeion; known in Italian as the ''Tempio di Giove Olimpico'') in Agrigento, Sicily was the largest Doric temple ever constructed, although it was never completed and now lies in ruins. It stands in the Valle d ...


Roman monoliths

File:Obelisk-popolo.jpg, File:obelisk of montecitorio arp.jpg, File:Vatican Piazza San Pietro Obelisk slim.jpg, File:Baalbek-stoneofpregnantwoman.jpg, File:Baalbek- largest stone.jpg, File:RomaColonnaTraianaCima.jpg, File:Pompey's Pillar 2006.jpg, File:Piazza del Laterano.jpg, File:RavennaTheoderich.jpg,


See also

* Record-holding monoliths in antiquity *
List of largest monoliths in the world This is a list of monoliths organized according to the size of the largest block of stone on the site. A monolith is a large stone which has been used to build a structure or monument, either alone or together with other stones. In this list at l ...
*
List of obelisks in Rome The city of Rome harbours thirteen ancient obelisks, the most in the world. There are eight ancient Egyptian and five ancient Roman obelisks in Rome, together with a number of more modern obelisks; there was also until 2005 an ancient Ethiopia ...


Notes


References


Sources

* * * * * * *


Further reading

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External links


Traianus
– Technical investigation of Roman public works {{DEFAULTSORT:List of Ancient Monoliths *List of ancient monoliths List of ancient monoliths *List of ancient monoliths *List of ancient monoliths *List of ancient monoliths
Monoliths A monolith is a geological feature consisting of a single massive stone or rock, such as some mountains. For instance, Savandurga mountain is a monolith mountain in India. Erosion usually exposes the geological formations, which are often ma ...
Monoliths A monolith is a geological feature consisting of a single massive stone or rock, such as some mountains. For instance, Savandurga mountain is a monolith mountain in India. Erosion usually exposes the geological formations, which are often ma ...
Ancient monoliths *