List of Star Wars ranged weapons
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A blaster is a fictional gun that appears in the ''
Star Wars ''Star Wars'' is an American epic film, epic space opera multimedia franchise created by George Lucas, which began with the Star Wars (film), eponymous 1977 film and quickly became a worldwide popular culture, pop-culture Cultural impact of S ...
'' universe.
Lucasfilm Lucasfilm Ltd. LLC is an American film and television production company and a subsidiary of Walt Disney Studios, which is a business segment of The Walt Disney Company. The studio is best known for creating and producing the ''Star Wars'' and ' ...
defines the blaster as "ranged energized particle weaponry". Many blasters mirror the appearance, functions, components, operation, and usage of real life firearms. They are also said to be able to be modified with certain add-ons and attachments, with Han Solo's blaster being said to be illegally modified to provide greater damage without increasing power consumption. The iconic E-11, a standard mid-range weapon used primarily by stormtroopers, is based on the real-life
Sterling sub-machine gun The Sterling submachine gun is a British submachine gun (SMG). It was tested with the British Army in 1944–1945 as a replacement for the Sten but it did not start to replace it until 1953. A successful and reliable design, it remained as stan ...
used by the armed forces of the United Kingdom over the second half of the 20th century. Several design changes were made by the filmmakers, such as alterations to the
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.


Design in films

In the films, the design of the E-11 blaster rifle was based on the
Sterling submachine gun The Sterling submachine gun is a British submachine gun (SMG). It was tested with the British Army in 1944–1945 as a replacement for the Sten but it did not start to replace it until 1953. A successful and reliable design, it remained as stan ...
. The design of the modified DL-44 blaster pistol owned by Han Solo was based on the 7.63-caliber Mauser C96, an early and successful automatic pistol that was used in World War I and World War II. Lucasfilm's prop department added a scope and an emitter nozzle to the pistol. The blaster made for the 1977 film ''
A New Hope ''Star Wars'' (retroactively titled ''Star Wars: Episode IV – A New Hope'') is a 1977 American Epic film, epic space opera film written and directed by George Lucas, produced by Lucasfilm and distributed by 20th Century Fox. It is the first ...
'' was lost, and a second blaster was made with resin from the cast used for the first one. The blaster was subsequently used as a prop in '' The Empire Strikes Back'' and '' Return of the Jedi''. Other 'heavy repeating blasters' were Lewis light machine guns with the barrel shroud and pan magazine removed. Functional Sterlings firing blank cartridges were used in some scenes with the laser bolt added later in
post-production Post-production is part of the process of filmmaking, video production, audio production, and photography. Post-production includes all stages of production occurring after principal photography or recording individual program segments. The ...
. These blank cartridges are responsible for the muzzle flash seen on screen and, in some scenes, the cartridges themselves can be seen being ejected from the guns, or the actual sound of the blank cartridge is not dubbed over by a sound effect. Ben Burtt, a sound designer who worked on the ''Star Wars'' films, came up with the sound of blaster fire during a family backpacking trip in the Pocono Mountains in 1976. Burtt hit the guy-wire of an AM radio transmitter tower with a hammer and recorded the sound with a microphone close to the impact. In a chapter of the book ''Myth, Media, and Culture in Star Wars'', Michael Kaminski, writing about the influence of Japanese director Akira Kurosawa on the ''Star Wars'' films, said that Kurosawa's ''
Ran Ran, RaN and ran may refer to: Arts and entertainment * ''Ran'' (film), a 1985 film directed by Akira Kurosawa * "Ran" (song), a 2013 Japanese song by Luna Sea * '' Ran Online'', a 2004 MMORPG (massively multiplayer online role playing game) * ...
'' influenced the exchange of blaster fire. Like in ''Ran'', color-coding and an "onscreen sense of direction" of blaster fire are used to depict opposing forces. In the ''Star Wars'' original trilogy, rebels employed red blaster fire and often attacked from the left, while the Empire also employed red blaster fire, using green blaster fire only with TIE fighters, and attacked from the right. In '' Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones'', the second film of the prequel trilogy, the color and the direction were reversed. In that film, the Republic employed green and blue blaster fire and attacked from the right, while the Separatists employed red blaster fire and attacked from the left.


In-universe technology

The inner workings of blasters essentially create particle beams to pierce, melt and disintegrate targets.Dougherty, et al. (2020), p. 11Windham (2019), p. 102-103 When the trigger is pulled, high-energy gas is excited by a power cell and converted into
plasma Plasma or plasm may refer to: Science * Plasma (physics), one of the four fundamental states of matter * Plasma (mineral), a green translucent silica mineral * Quark–gluon plasma, a state of matter in quantum chromodynamics Biology * Blood pla ...
. This plasma is fired through
collimating A collimated beam of light or other electromagnetic radiation has parallel ray (optics), rays, and therefore will spread minimally as it propagates. A perfectly collimated light beam, with no beam divergence, divergence, would not disperse with di ...
components in the barrel such as galven circuitry and focusing lens to emerge as a coherent energy bolt held together via magnetic bottle effect. However the bolt's inherent instability is a limiting factor in precision aiming, and it will start to lose coherence while traveling to the target as the plasma dissipates. The longer the barrel the more collimating components it can be fitted with to rectify these problems for increased range and accuracy.Luceno, et al. (2018), p. 15 Prolonged use will also result in overheating the weapon,Windham (2019), p. 102-103Windham (2018), p. 78 which can be counteracted by utilizing alloys with greater heat resistance, and employing heat-dispersal vents and cooling packs and compressors. Blaster weaponry can vary the intensity of their output, generating bolts of greater destructive power but with corresponding trade-offs. For example, the DC-15 blaster rifle used by
clone troopers Clone troopers are fictional characters in the ''Star Wars'' franchise created by George Lucas. They have been featured in a number of ''Star Wars'' media, including the live-action films '' Episode II: Attack of the Clones'' (2002) and '' Ep ...
can blast a hole wide in a wall made of the fictional material ferroconcrete when set on maximum power, but doing so consumes more gas and reduces its ammunition capacity from 500 shots to 300. A more powerful blaster bolt also generates more recoil which can make it more difficult to use the weapon.Barr, et al. (2019), p. 278 Different types of gas are used as blaster ammunition, such as the fictional Tibanna gas found in the lower atmosphere of
Bespin The fictional universe of the ''Star Wars'' franchise features multiple planets and moons. While only the feature films and selected other works are considered canon to the franchise since the 2012 acquisition of Lucasfilm by The Walt Disney ...
used to power weapons and other devices. This also results in different coloration depending on the gas used. The least expensive type of gas generate red-colored particle beams, while more expensive gases produce a green particle beam. Blaster
small arms A firearm is any type of gun designed to be readily carried and used by an individual. The term is legally defined further in different countries (see Legal definitions). The first firearms originated in 10th-century China, when bamboo tubes c ...
come in a range of sizes, from small hand-held blasters to carbines and larger laser rifles. Some are equipped with features such as a targeting scope or flash and noise suppressor. Others are highly customizable like the A300 blaster rifle used by Rebel commandos on
Scarif The fictional universe of the ''Star Wars'' franchise features multiple planets and moons. While only the feature films and selected other works are considered canon to the franchise since the 2012 acquisition of Lucasfilm by The Walt Disney ...
, with a removable shoulder stock, swappable barrels of different sizes, and other attachments.Barr, et al. (2019), p. 278 Certain modifications however are considered inhumane and banned on civilized worlds: the Trandoshan doubler or tripler when added to the barrel of a blaster pistol turns it into a devastating hand cannon. Crew-served blasters also exist, an example being the E-web heavy repeating blaster deployed by
snowtrooper Stormtrooper are soldiers in the fictional ''Star Wars'' franchise created by George Lucas. Introduced in '' Star Wars: A New Hope'' (1977), the stormtroopers are the shock troops/ space marines of the autocratic Galactic Empire, under the ...
s on Hoth. The most powerful repeating blaster employed by the Empire, the weapon requires a crew of two to set up its power generator and a rigid mount to counteract the fearsome weapon's recoil. Larger versions of blaster weaponry in the ''Star Wars'' universe are referred to as blaster cannons and laser cannons and commonly found on vehicles, starfighters and other spacecraft. Of the two laser cannons are considered more powerful and possess greater range. The laser cannons on a
Republic A republic () is a "state in which power rests with the people or their representatives; specifically a state without a monarchy" and also a "government, or system of government, of such a state." Previously, especially in the 17th and 18th c ...
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gunship, as an example, can fire bolts of up to five gigajoules in destructive power. Laser cannons may also be fitted on fixed emplacements to defend an area from attack, like the Golan Arms DF.9 anti-infantry battery employed by Rebel defenders at the Battle of Hoth. These cannons have an effective range of and can take out an entire squad of infantry with a single blast. A more powerful form of the laser cannon is the turbolaser found on ''Star Wars'' capital ships, operating on the same principles but with larger power generators and multiperson crews. Such weapons can be used to penetrate the defenses of other capital ships or conduct planetary bombardments.Dougherty, et al. (2020), p. 257 Turbolasers can vary their power intensity depending on the needs of the mission, from simply crippling a target to outright vaporizing it, with true warships like the
Venator-class Star Destroyer Star Destroyers are capital ships in the fictional ''Star Wars'' universe. Star Destroyers were produced by Kuat Drive Yards, later Kuat-Entralla Engineering, and serve as "the signature vessel of the fleet" for the Galactic Republic, Galactic Emp ...
able to feed nearly their entire reactor output into its heavy turbolasers. With this weaponry, a fleet of warships can reduce the upper crust of a planet to molten slag as part of a "Base Delta Zero" bombardment.


Analysis

A laser is a device which emits a beam of
coherent Coherence, coherency, or coherent may refer to the following: Physics * Coherence (physics), an ideal property of waves that enables stationary (i.e. temporally and spatially constant) interference * Coherence (units of measurement), a deri ...
light at a target. Controlling or containing the direction of light energy is also known as
synchronization Synchronization is the coordination of events to operate a system in unison. For example, the conductor of an orchestra keeps the orchestra synchronized or ''in time''. Systems that operate with all parts in synchrony are said to be synchronou ...
. This concentration of energy in one direction gives it strong and sometimes powerful intensity. Lasers have different uses for military purposes, many of which strongly differ from what is seen in ''Star Wars'', but still follow the same concepts of concentrating energy and/or material within a limited magnetic range. A major difference is that until recently, current laser technology did not emit lasers in separate bolts, but single rays; whereas ''Star Wars'' depicts both. Additionally Rhett Allai, associate professor of physics at Southeastern Louisiana University, argues the energy bolts fail to fit the definition of ''laser'' and explains that in many ways the laser cannons in ''Star Wars'' actually ''defy'' the rules of physics. However, a 1995 paper by Richard E. Russo from the National Laboratory in Berkeley, California, discusses the functions of lasers and mildly argues the ''Star Wars'' depiction of lasers as accurate. Researchers at the Laser Centre of the Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences, in partnership with the Faculty of Physics at the University of Warsaw, published a video that seems to show a laser pulse in flight, as seen in the Star Wars films. To create this video, they filmed many laser pulses at slightly different times with an exposure time of less than one billionth of a second, then combined the still images into a film. The laser is so powerful and intense that it resulted in the air being ionized. The interaction of the pulse with the plasma generates light of many different wavelengths, which appears white. A more recent and advanced development in 2017 involved students at
Macquarie University Macquarie University ( ) is a public research university based in Sydney, Australia, in the suburb of Macquarie Park. Founded in 1964 by the New South Wales Government, it was the third university to be established in the metropolitan area of S ...
in Australia developed a method of multiplying laser power by the use of diamonds. This concept is similar to the fictional kyber crystals used in the ''Star Wars'' universe to power up laser weapons from smaller scale weapons (e.g. blasters,
lightsabers A lightsaber is a fictional energy sword featured throughout the ''Star Wars'' franchise. A typical lightsaber is depicted as a luminescent plasma blade about in length emitted from a metal hilt around in length. First introduced in the orig ...
) to super-scale intensity in the case of the Death Star. The Death Star's laser power works in a similar method to this by concentrating multiple light beams into one spot from where they combine into a single beam. This beam has been described as more powerful than usual because it can be used for the purpose of destroying/damaging solid objects such as drones and debris that it was compared to the lasers used by the Death Star. In episode 236 of ''
Mythbusters ''MythBusters'' is a science entertainment television program, developed by Peter Rees and produced by Australia's Beyond Television Productions. The series premiered on the Discovery Channel on January 23, 2003. It was broadcast internatio ...
'', Adam Savage and Jamie Hyneman set out to test whether a person could dodge a blaster bolt fired by a stormtrooper. Adam was able to determine, based on examining footage from the ''Star Wars'' films, that the average speed of a blaster bolt was . After building a pneumatic cannon to mimic a blaster and setting up a replica starship passageway, the team tested the myth by firing projectiles at each other from a distance of 40 feet to see if they could be dodged. The myth was declared busted when neither participant proved capable of dodging the shots, explaining that the limitations of human reaction time made it impossible to do so.


Influence

One prop of Han Solo's blaster was expected to sell at auction for US $200,000–300,000, and another for $500,000. The American Air Force Research Laboratory is currently working on long term developments of aerial laser weapons. Their aim is to make fighter aircraft laser capable by the year 2030. The laser cannons use the same concept of ion-based technology as seen in ''Star Wars''. The United States Navy has begun to induct laser weapons in its fleet since late 2014. The weapons will be used for both sea-to-air and sea-to-sea purposes. Israeli company Rafael Advanced Defense Systems claimed in 2014 that it is close to developing laser shields named Iron Beam, which company spokesman compares by similarity to the lasers of ''Star Wars''. The company claims that Iron Beam can deflect drones, missiles, rockets and mortars. In a similar development, Chinese scientists produced laser guns that can disable the sensors of missiles, satellites and other sensor equipped devices. The guns are expected to be used by the Chinese military in future warfare and have been compared to ''Star Wars'' laser guns.


See also

* List of ''Star Wars'' weapons * Raygun *
Weapons in science fiction Strange and exotic weapons are a recurring feature in science fiction. In some cases, weapons first introduced in science fiction have been made a reality; other science-fiction weapons remain purely fictional, and are often beyond the realms of ...
* ''Star Wars'' expanded universe


References


Bibliography

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External links

* * * * {{Star Wars universe, state=collapsed Star Wars weapons Fictional energy weapons Fictional elements introduced in 1977 ja:スター・ウォーズ登場テクノロジー一覧#ブラスター