This is a table list consisting of all the heads of government (i.e.

prime ministers A prime minister, premier or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. Under those systems, a prime minister is no ...

, both in full constitutional powers and acting or

ad interim }. Name of episode 1 in season 3 of '' Berlin Station''. , - , ''aut cum scuto aut in scuto'', , either with shield or on shield, , Or, "do or die" or "no retreat". A Greek expression («Ἢ τὰν ἢ ἐπὶ τᾶς») that Spartan mothers sa ...

), of the modern and contemporary

Romania Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Moldova to the east, and ...

n state, since the establishment of the

United Principalities The United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia ( ro, Principatele Unite ale Moldovei și Țării Românești), commonly called United Principalities, was the personal union of the Principality of Moldavia and the Principality of Wallachia, ...

in 1859 to the present-day during the early

21st century The 21st (twenty-first) century is the current century in the ''Anno Domini'' era or Common Era, under the Gregorian calendar. It began on 1 January 2001 ( MMI) and will end on 31 December 2100 ( MMC). Marking the beginning of the 21st centur ...

. The incumbent prime minister, as of , is Nicolae-Ionel Ciucă, a former Romanian army

general A general officer is an officer of high rank in the armies, and in some nations' air forces, space forces, and marines or naval infantry. In some usages the term "general officer" refers to a rank above colonel."general, adj. and n.". OED ...

who subsequently became a politician in October 2020, after formally joining the National Liberal Party (PNL), which he has been presiding (on the grounds of a time-based derogation at the extraordinary congress of the party in 2022) since early April 2022 onwards. The incumbent prime minister, Nicolae-Ionel Ciucă, is currently in charge of a grand coalition-supported rotative and national union

government A government is the system or group of people governing an organized community, generally a state. In the case of its broad associative definition, government normally consists of legislature, executive, and judiciary. Government is ...

, officially and legally known as the '' National Coalition for Romania'' (CNR), comprising the following three main Romanian political parties as follows: two senior coalition partners, namely the PNL and the

PSD PSD may refer to: Educational bodies * Pennsylvania School for the Deaf, a Pre-K to 12th grade school for Deaf and Hard of Hearing students, located in the Germantown section of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania * Philippine School Doha, a Filipino scho ...

(at present the biggest of the two and the biggest in the current rulling coalition overall) as well as a junior coalition partner, represented by the

Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania The Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania (DAHR; hu, Romániai Magyar Demokrata Szövetség, RMDSZ; ro, Uniunea Democrată Maghiară din România, UDMR) is a political party in Romania which aims to represent the significant Hungarian m ...

(UDMR/RMDSZ). According to an official and public agreement protocol (previously negotiated and successfully reached between the two main political parties of the CNR), it is planned that the coalition will reportedly change the position of prime minister (more specifically from PNL to PSD) as well as three important ministers at a later point during mid 2023 (more specifically during May 2023). To date, there have already been several governmental changes involving a few ministers between the two main parties of the coalition in the same cabinet, but no major, overall reshuffle. Furthermore, according to one of the main coalition leaders (and, at the same time, incumbent PSD president), more specifically Marcel Ciolacu (most probably future PSD prime minister and next CNR head of government beginning in May 2023, according to the governing protocol and whether it will indeed be eventually respected during the next year), the CNR coalition is expected to continue governing for 4 more years following the next Romanian legislative elections (most likely scheduled to take place in 2024).

Affiliations

The political stance of Romanian prime ministers prior to the development of a modern party system is given by the following affiliations in the table below: The political stance of Romanian prime ministers after the development of a modern party system is given by the following affiliations in the table below: Ad interim/ acting officeholders are denoted by ''italics''.

List of officeholders

United Principalities The United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia ( ro, Principatele Unite ale Moldovei și Țării Românești), commonly called United Principalities, was the personal union of the Principality of Moldavia and the Principality of Wallachia, ...
(1859–1881)

From 1859 to 1862, the two Romanian principalities (more specifically

Moldavia Moldavia ( ro, Moldova, or , literally "The Country of Moldavia"; in Romanian Cyrillic alphabet, Romanian Cyrillic: or ; chu, Землѧ Молдавскаѧ; el, Ἡγεμονία τῆς Μολδαβίας) is a historical region and for ...

and

Wallachia Wallachia or Walachia (; ro, Țara Românească, lit=The Romanian Land' or 'The Romanian Country, ; archaic: ', Romanian Cyrillic alphabet: ) is a historical and geographical region of Romania. It is situated north of the Lower Danube and s ...

) had their own government each, and a cabinet, seated in Iași and

Bucharest Bucharest ( , ; ro, București ) is the capital and largest city of Romania, as well as its cultural, industrial, and financial centre. It is located in the southeast of the country, on the banks of the Dâmbovița River, less than north of ...

respectively. In 1862, Prince

Alexandru Ioan Cuza Alexandru Ioan Cuza (, or Alexandru Ioan I, also anglicised as Alexander John Cuza; 20 March 1820 – 15 May 1873) was the first ''domnitor'' (Ruler) of the Romanian Principalities through his double election as prince of Moldavia on 5 Janua ...

changed the

Constitution A constitution is the aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity, organisation or other type of entity and commonly determine how that entity is to be governed. When these princ ...

and from then on there has been a single unified central government, permanently seated in Bucharest, the capital of

Kingdom of Romania The Kingdom of Romania ( ro, Regatul României) was a constitutional monarchy that existed in Romania from 13 March ( O.S.) / 25 March 1881 with the crowning of prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen as King Carol I (thus beginning the Romanian ...
(1881–1947)

Romanian People's Republic/Socialist Republic of Romania (1947–1989)

Contemporary Romania (1989–present)

Note: Romania used the

Julian calendar The Julian calendar, proposed by Roman consul Julius Caesar in 46 BC, was a reform of the Roman calendar. It took effect on , by edict. It was designed with the aid of Greek mathematicians and astronomers such as Sosigenes of Alexandr ...

prior to 1919, but all dates are given in the

Gregorian calendar The Gregorian calendar is the calendar used in most parts of the world. It was introduced in October 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII as a modification of, and replacement for, the Julian calendar. The principal change was to space leap years dif ...

Timeline

United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia (1859–1881)

Kingdom of Romania (1881–1947)

Communist Romania (1947–1989)

Contemporary Romania (1989–present)

Notes

References

Bibliography

* Nicolae C. Nicolescu, ''Șefii de stat și de guvern ai României (1859-2003)'', Editura Meronia, Bucharest, 2003 * Stelian Neagoe, ''Istoria guvernelor României de la începuturi - 1859 până în zilele noastre - 1995'', Editura Machiavelli, Bucharest, 1995

External links

*
Guvernele României

Government site
{{RomanianPrimeMinisters Romania, List of Prime Ministers of *

Prime Ministers A prime minister, premier or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. Under those systems, a prime minister is no ...

Affiliations

List of officeholders

United Principalities The United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia ( ro, Principatele Unite ale Moldovei și Țării Românești), commonly called United Principalities, was the personal union of the Principality of Moldavia and the Principality of Wallachia, ... (1859–1881)

Kingdom of Romania The Kingdom of Romania ( ro, Regatul României) was a constitutional monarchy that existed in Romania from 13 March ( O.S.) / 25 March 1881 with the crowning of prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen as King Carol I (thus beginning the Romanian ... (1881–1947)

Romanian People's Republic/Socialist Republic of Romania (1947–1989)

Contemporary Romania (1989–present)

Timeline

United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia (1859–1881)

Kingdom of Romania (1881–1947)

Communist Romania (1947–1989)

Contemporary Romania (1989–present)

Notes

See also

References

Bibliography

External links

United Principalities The United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia ( ro, Principatele Unite ale Moldovei și Țării Românești), commonly called United Principalities, was the personal union of the Principality of Moldavia and the Principality of Wallachia, ...
(1859–1881)

Kingdom of Romania The Kingdom of Romania ( ro, Regatul României) was a constitutional monarchy that existed in Romania from 13 March ( O.S.) / 25 March 1881 with the crowning of prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen as King Carol I (thus beginning the Romanian ...
(1881–1947)