The following is a non-comprehensive list of

Iranian Iranian may refer to: * Iran, a sovereign state * Iranian peoples, the speakers of the Iranian languages. The term Iranic peoples is also used for this term to distinguish the pan ethnic term from Iranian, used for the people of Iran * Iranian lan ...

scientists, engineers, and scholars who lived from antiquity up until the beginning of the modern age. For the modern era, see

List of contemporary Iranian scientists, scholars, and engineers The following is a list of notable Iranian scholars, scientists and engineers around the world from the contemporary period. For pre-modern era, see List of pre-modern Iranian scientists and scholars. For mathematicians, see List of Iranian math ...

. For mathematicians of any era, see

List of Iranian mathematicians The following is a list of Iranian mathematicians including ethnic Iranian mathematicians. A * Abhari (?–1262/1265) * Abu Nasr-e Mansur (c. 960–1036) * Abū Ja'far al-Khāzin (900–971), mathematician and astronomer * Abu al-Wafa' Buzjan ...

. (A person may appear on two lists, e.g.

Abū Ja'far al-Khāzin Abu Jafar Muhammad ibn Husayn Khazin ( fa, ابوجعفر خازن خراسانی; 900–971), also called Al-Khazin, was an Iranian Muslim astronomer and mathematician from Khorasan. He worked on both astronomy and number theory. Al-Khazin wa ...

A

Abdul Qadir Gilani ʿAbdul Qādir Gīlānī, ( ar, عبدالقادر الجيلاني, ʿAbd al-Qādir al-Jīlānī; fa, ) known by admirers as Muḥyī l-Dīn Abū Muḥammad b. Abū Sāliḥ ʿAbd al-Qādir al-Jīlānī al-Baḡdādī al-Ḥasanī al-Ḥusayn ...

(12th century) theologian and philosopher *

Abu al-Qasim Muqane'i Tahir ibn Mohammad ibn Ibrahim (Bokhari) or Abu al-Qasim Muqane'i was a Persian physician in the 10th century. He was the disciple of Rhazes Abū Bakr al-Rāzī (full name: ar, أبو بکر محمد بن زکریاء الرازي, translit= ...

(10th century) physician *

Abu Dawood Abū Dāwūd (Dā’ūd) Sulaymān ibn al-Ash‘ath ibn Isḥāq al-Azdī al-Sijistānī ( ar, أبو داود سليمان بن الأشعث الأزدي السجستاني), commonly known simply as Abū Dāwūd al-Sijistānī, was a scholar o ...

(c. 817–889), Islamic scholar *

Abu Hanifa Nuʿmān ibn Thābit ibn Zūṭā ibn Marzubān ( ar, نعمان بن ثابت بن زوطا بن مرزبان; –767), commonly known by his '' kunya'' Abū Ḥanīfa ( ar, أبو حنيفة), or reverently as Imam Abū Ḥanīfa by Sunni Musl ...

(699–767), Islamic scholar *

Abu Said Gorgani Abu Sa'id al-Dharir al-Jurjani (), also Gurgani, was a 9th-century Persian mathematician and astronomer from Gurgan (Jurjan), Iran. He wrote a treatise on geometrical problems and another on the drawing of the meridian. George Sarton considers him ...

(10th century) * 'Adud al-Dawla (936–983), scientific patron *

Ahmad ibn Farrokh Ahmad ibn Farrukh, also written Ahmad-i Farrokh, was a 12th-century Persian physician from Herat. He was one of the teachers of Zayn al-Din al-Jurjani. He is author of a Persian medicine encyclopaedia titled ''Kifayah'' that is no longer extan ...

(12th century), physician * Ahmad ibn 'Imad al-Din (11th century), physician and chemist * Alavi Shirazi (1670–1747), royal physician to

Mughal Empire The Mughal Empire was an early-modern empire that controlled much of South Asia between the 16th and 19th centuries. Quote: "Although the first two Timurid emperors and many of their noblemen were recent migrants to the subcontinent, the d ...

of South Asia * Amuli, Muhammad ibn Mahmud (c. 1300–1352), physician *

(900–971), mathematician and astronomer * Ansari, Khwaja Abdullah (1006–1088), Islamic scholar * Aqa-Kermani (18th century), physician * Aqsara'i (?–1379), physician *

Abu Hafsa Yazid Abu Hafsa Yazid ( ar, ابو حفص يزيد , translit=Abū Ḥafṣa Yazīd) was a '' mawla'', or servant, of the Umayyad Caliph Marwan ibn al-Hakkam (). Yazid's full name is not known; ''Abu Hafsa'' means "father of Hafsa" (see Arabic name). M ...

, physician * Arzani, Muqim (18th century), physician * Astarabadi (15th century), physician * Aufi, Muhammad (1171–1242), scientist and historian *

Albubather Abu Bakr al-Hassan ibn al-Khasib, also al-Khaseb, Albubather in Latin, was a Persian physician and astrologer of the 9th century. He wrote in Persian and Arabic and is best known for his work ''De nativitatibus'' which was translated into Latin b ...

, physician and astrologer *

Ibn Abi al-Ashʿath Ibn Abi al-Ashʿath ( ar, أحمد بن محمد بن محمد بن أبي الأشعث; died 975 CE) was a Persian physician of medieval Islam. He wrote many commentaries on Galen's works. He died in Mosul, Iraq. Physiology Ahmad ibn Abi al-As ...

, physician *

Abu al-Hassan al-Amiri Abu al-Hassan Muhammad ibn Yusuf al-Amiri ( ar, أبو الحسن محمد ابن يوسف العامري) (died 992) was a Muslim theologian and philosopher of Arabian origin, who attempted to reconcile philosophy with religion, and Sufism with co ...

, theologian and philosopher *

Abu al-Hasan al-Ahwazi Abu al-Hasan al-Ahvazi ( fa, ابوالحسن اهوازی) was a Persian mathematician and astronomer of the 4th AH/10th CE and 5th AH/11th (CE) centuries. His name suggests that he was originally from Ahvaz. Al-Biruni mentioned his name several t ...

, mathematician and astronomer

B

Brethren of Purity The Brethren of Purity ( ar, إخوان‌ الصفا, Ikhwān Al-Ṣafā; also The Brethren of Sincerity) were a secret society of Muslim philosophers in Basra, Iraq, in the 9th or 10th century CE. The structure of the organization and the id ...

Bahmanyār Abu al-Hasan (or Abu al-Husayn) Bahmanyar ibn al-Marzuban, better simply known as Bahmanyar ( fa, بهمنیار; died 1066) was an Iranian scholar, who is mainly known as one of the most prominent pupils of Avicenna (d. 1037). Background Bahma ...

, philosopher * Al-Baghawi (c. 1041–1122), Islamic scholar *

Bahāʾ al-dīn al-ʿĀmilī Bahāʾ al‐Dīn Muḥammad ibn Ḥusayn al‐ʿĀmilī (also known as Sheikh Baha'i, fa, شیخ بهایی) (18 February 1547 – 1 September 1621) was an Iranian ArabEncyclopedia of Arabic Literature'. Taylor & Francis; 1998. . p. 85. Sh ...

(1547–1621), poet, philosopher, architect, mathematician, astronomer *

Al-Baladhuri ʾAḥmad ibn Yaḥyā ibn Jābir al-Balādhurī ( ar, أحمد بن يحيى بن جابر البلاذري) was a 9th-century Muslim historian. One of the eminent Middle Eastern historians of his age, he spent most of his life in Baghdad and e ...

(?–892), historian *

Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi, Latinized as Albumasar (also ''Albusar'', ''Albuxar''; full name ''Abū Maʿshar Jaʿfar ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿUmar al-Balkhī'' ; , AH 171–272), was an early Persian Muslim astrologer, thought to be the greatest ast ...

(787–886), known in Latin as Albumasar, astrologer *

Abu Zayd al-Balkhi Abu Zayd Ahmed ibn Sahl Balkhi ( fa, ابو زید احمد بن سهل بلخی) was a Persian Muslim polymath: a geographer, mathematician, physician, psychologist and scientist. Born in 850 CE in Shamistiyan, in the province of Balkh, G ...

(850–934), geographer and mathematician *

Banū Mūsā The Banū Mūsā brothers ("Sons of Moses"), namely Abū Jaʿfar, Muḥammad ibn Mūsā ibn Shākir (before 803 – February 873); Abū al‐Qāsim, Aḥmad ibn Mūsā ibn Shākir (d. 9th century); and Al-Ḥasan ibn Mūsā ibn Shākir (d. 9th ce ...

brothers (9th century) * Abu'l-Fadl Bayhaqi, historian *

Abu'l-Hasan Bayhaqi Zahir al-Din Abu'l-Hasan Ali ibn Zayd-i Bayhaqi ( fa, ظهیرالدین ابوالحسن علی بن زید بیهقی; c. 1097 – 1169) also known as Ibn Fondoq (ابن فندق) was an Iranian polymath and historian of Arab descent. He is the ...

, historian and Islamic scholar *

Al-Bayhaqi Abū Bakr Aḥmad ibn Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī ibn Mūsā al-Khusrawjirdī al-Bayhaqī ( ar, أبو بكر أحمد بن حسين بن علي بن موسى الخسروجردي البيهقي, 994–1066), also known as Imām al-Bayhaqī, was born c. ...

, faqih and muhadith * Muhammad Baqir Behbahani (1706–1791), theologian * Ibn Bibi (13th century), historian of the

Seljuks of Rum fa, سلجوقیان روم () , status = , government_type = Hereditary monarchyTriarchy (1249–1254) Diarchy (1257–1262) , year_start = 1077 , year_end = 1308 , p1 = ...

Biruni Abu Rayhan Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Biruni (973 – after 1050) commonly known as al-Biruni, was a Khwarazmian Iranian in scholar and polymath during the Islamic Golden Age. He has been called variously the "founder of Indology", "Father of Co ...

(973–1048), astronomer and mathematician *

Muhammad al-Bukhari Muhammad ( ar, مُحَمَّد; 570 – 8 June 632 CE) was an Arab religious, social, and political leader and the founder of Islam. According to Islamic doctrine, he was a prophet divinely inspired to preach and confirm the monoth ...

(810–870), Islamic scholar * Sahl ibn Bishr (c. 786–845 ?), astrologer, mathematician * Bukhtishu (8th century?), Persian Christian physician of

Academy of Gundishapur The Academy of Gondishapur ( fa, فرهنگستان گندی‌شاپور, Farhangestân-e Gondišâpur), also known as the Gondishapur University (دانشگاه گندی‌شاپور Dânešgâh-e Gondišapur), was one of the three Sasanian ...

* Bukhtishu, Abdollah ibn (c. 940–1058), Christian physician in Persia * Jabril ibn Bukhtishu (9th century), Christian physician * Bukhtishu, Yuhanna (9th century), Christian physician *

Borzuya Borzuya (or Burzōē or Burzōy or Borzouyeh, ) was a Persian physician in the late Sassanid era, at the time of Khosrow I. He translated the Indian ''Panchatantra'' from Sanskrit into Pahlavi (Middle Persian). Both his translation and the origi ...

(6th century), a.k.a. Borzouyeh-i Tabib, physician of

Birjandi Abd Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Husayn Birjandi ( fa, عبدعلی محمد بن حسین بیرجندی) (died 1528) was a prominent 16th-century Persian astronomer, mathematician and physicist who lived in Birjand. Astronomy Al-Birjandi was a pupi ...

(?–1528), astronomer and mathematician * Muhammad Bal'ami, historian *

Abu Bakr Rabee Ibn Ahmad Al-Akhawyni Bokhari Abu Bakr Rabee Ibn Ahmad Al-Akhawyni Bokhari (Al-Akhawyni Bokhari) (died 983 CE) was a Persian physician and surgeon the author of the '' Hidayat al-Muta`allemin Fi al-Tibb'', the oldest document in the history of Iranian Traditional Medicin ...

, physician *

Abu'l-Fadl al-Bal'ami Abu'l-Fadl al-Bal'ami, also known as Bal'ami the Elder (died November 14, 940), was a Samanid statesman from the al-Bal'ami family, who served as the ''vizier'' of Nasr II from 922 to 938. Biography Bal'ami is first mentioned as serving under the ...

D

* Abu Hanifa Dinawari (815–896), polymath * Ibn Durustawayh (872–958), grammarian, lexicographer and student of the Quran and ''hadith'' * Ibn Qutaybah (828–885), historian

E

* Abubakr Esfarayeni (13th century?), physician

F

Al-Farghani Abū al-ʿAbbās Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn Kathīr al-Farghānī ( ar, أبو العبّاس أحمد بن محمد بن كثير الفرغاني 798/800/805–870), also known as Alfraganus in the West, was an astronomer in the Abbasid court ...

(d. 880), astronomer, known in Latin as Alfraganus *

Al-Farabi Abu Nasr Muhammad Al-Farabi ( fa, ابونصر محمد فارابی), ( ar, أبو نصر محمد الفارابي), known in the West as Alpharabius; (c. 872 – between 14 December, 950 and 12 January, 951)PDF version was a renowned early Isl ...

(872–950) (Al-Farabi, Pharabius), philosopher Druart, Therese-Anne, "al-Farabi", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2020 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.)

* Ibrāhīm al-Fazārī, Fazari, Ibrahim (?–777), mathematician and astronomer * Fazari, Mohammad (?–796), mathematician and astronomer * Feyz Kashani, Mohsen (?–1680), theologian *

Firishta Firishta or Ferešte ( fa, ), full name Muhammad Qasim Hindu Shah Astarabadi ( fa, مُحَمَّد قاسِم هِندو شاہ), was a Persian historian, who later settled in India and served the Deccan Sultans as their court historian. He was ...

(1560–1620), historian * Ibn al-Faqih, historian and geographer *

Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr al‐Farisi Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr al-Farisi (d. 1278/1279), an IranianFazlallah Khunji Isfahani (1455–1521), religious scholar, historian and political writer

G

* Gardizi (?–1061), geographer and historian * Ghazali (Algazel, 1058–1111), philosopher * Gilani, Hakim (?–1609), royal physician *

Kushyar Gilani Abul-Hasan Kūshyār ibn Labbān ibn Bashahri Daylami (971–1029), also known as Kūshyār Daylami ( fa, کوشیار دیلمی), was an Iranian mathematician, geographer, and astronomer from Daylam, south of the Caspian Sea, Iran. Career His m ...

(971–1029), mathematician, geographer, astronomer * Zayn al-Din Gorgani (1041–1136), royal physician * Rostam Gorgani (16th century), physician *

Al-Masihi Abu Sahl 'Isa ibn Yahya al-Masihi al-Jurjani ( fa, ابو سهل عيسى‌ بن‌ يحيى مسيحی گرگانی) was a Christian Persian physician,Firoozeh Papan-Matin, ''Beyond death: the mystical teachings of ʻAyn al-Quḍāt al-Hamadhā ...

(?–999), Avicenn'a master

H

* Hakim Ghulam Imam, physician * Hakim Muhammad Mehdi Naqi (18th century), physician *

Hakim Muhammad Sharif Khan Hakim Muhammad Sharif Khan (1722 – 1807) was a Sunni Muslim Hakim (physician in Unani/Greek medicine) of some importance in Mughal Empire at the end of 18th century. Early life and career Muhammad Sharif Khan was born in 1722 in Delhi ...

(18th century), physician * Hakim Nishaburi (933–1012), Islamic scholar * Hallaj (858–922), mystic-philosopher * Hamadani, Mir Sayyid Ali (1314–1384), poet and philosopher * Harawi, Abolfadl (10th century), astronomer of Buyid dynasty * Harawi, Muwaffak (10th century), pharmacologist * Harawi, Muhammad ibn Yusuf (d. 1542), physician * Hasani, Qavameddin (17th century), physician * Ibn Hindu (1019–1032), man of letters, physician * Haji Bektash Veli, mystic * Ayn al-Quzat Hamadani, jurisconsult, mystic, philosopher, poet and mathematician *

Haseb Tabari Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Ayyub-i Haseb-i Tabari ( fa, حاسب طبری) was a Persian astronomer. All of his works are in Persian language and none of them are written in Arabic (though some of his works have Arabic titles). Not much is known about ...

, astronomer *

Hammam ibn Munabbih Hammam ibn Munabbih ibn Kamil al-Yamani ( ar, همام ابن منبه ابن كامل اليمني, translit=Hammām ibn Munnabih ibn Kāmil al-Yamanī) was an Islamic scholar, from among the Tabi‘in and one of the narrators of hadith. Bio ...

, Islamic scholar *

Hamza al-Isfahani Hamza ibn al-Hasan bnal-Mu'addib al-Isfahani ( ar, حمزه الاصفهانی; – after 961), commonly known as Hamza al-Isfahani (or Hamza Isfahani; ) was a Persian philologist and historian, who wrote in Arabic during the Buyid era. A Persia ...

(ca. 893–after 961), philologist and historian *

Abu Ja'far ibn Habash Abu Ja'far ibn Habash was a Persian astronomer. He was most likely a son of Habash al-Hasib. Since his father died after 864 AD at the age of 100, it can be concluded that he was active in 3rd century AH (9th century AD). According to Ibn Nadim and ...

I

* *

Ibn Abi Sadiq Ibn Abi Sadiq al-Naishaburi, Abu al-Qasim ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn ‘Ali (Arabic and Persian: أبوالقاسم عبد الرحمن بن علي بن أبي صادق النيشابوري ) was an 11th-century Persian physician from Nishapur in Khoras ...

(11th century), "The Second Hippocrates", Avicenna's disciple *

Ibn Khordadbeh Abu'l-Qasim Ubaydallah ibn Abdallah ibn Khordadbeh ( ar, ابوالقاسم عبیدالله ابن خرداذبه; 820/825–913), commonly known as Ibn Khordadbeh (also spelled Ibn Khurradadhbih; ), was a high-ranking Persian bureaucrat and ...

(c. 820–912), geographer *

Ibn Rustah Ahmad ibn Rustah Isfahani ( fa, احمد ابن رسته اصفهانی ''Aḥmad ibn Rusta Iṣfahānī''), more commonly known as Ibn Rustah (, also spelled ''Ibn Rusta'' and ''Ibn Ruste''), was a tenth-century Persian explorer and geographer ...

(9th century), explorer and geographer * Ilaqi, Yusef (11th century),

Avicenna Ibn Sina ( fa, ابن سینا; 980 – June 1037 CE), commonly known in the West as Avicenna (), was a Persian polymath who is regarded as one of the most significant physicians, astronomers, philosophers, and writers of the Islamic ...

's pupil * Mansur ibn Ilyas (14th century), physician *

Ibn Sina Ibn Sina ( fa, ابن سینا; 980 – June 1037 CE), commonly known in the West as Avicenna (), was a Persian polymath who is regarded as one of the most significant physicians, astronomers, philosophers, and writers of the Islami ...

(Avicenna, 980–1037), philosopher and physician * Isfahani, Jalaleddin (19th century), physician * Isfahani, Husayn (15th century), physician *

Istakhri Abu Ishaq Ibrahim ibn Muhammad al-Farisi al-Istakhri () (also ''Estakhri'', fa, استخری, i.e. from the Iranian city of Istakhr, b. - d. 346 AH/AD 957) was a 10th-century travel-author and geographer who wrote valuable accounts in Arab ...

(?–957), geographer, gives the earliest known account of

windmill A windmill is a structure that converts wind power into rotational energy using vanes called sails or blades, specifically to mill grain (gristmills), but the term is also extended to windpumps, wind turbines, and other applications, in some ...

s * Iranshahri (9th century), philosopher, teacher of Abu Bakr al-Razi *

Al-Isfizari Abū Ḥātim al-Muẓaffar al-Isfazārī ( fl. late 11th or early 12th century) was an Islamic mathematician, astronomer and engineer from Khurasan. According to the historian and geographer Ibn al-Athir and the polymath Qutb al-Din al-Sh ...

(11th–12th century), mathematician and astronomer

J

Jabir ibn Hayyan Abū Mūsā Jābir ibn Ḥayyān (Arabic: , variously called al-Ṣūfī, al-Azdī, al-Kūfī, or al-Ṭūsī), died 806−816, is the purported author of an enormous number and variety of works in Arabic, often called the Jabirian corpus. The ...

(died c. 806–816),

alchemist Alchemy (from Arabic: ''al-kīmiyā''; from Ancient Greek: χυμεία, ''khumeía'') is an ancient branch of natural philosophy, a philosophical and protoscientific tradition that was historically practiced in China, India, the Muslim ...

and polymath, pioneer of organic

chemistry Chemistry is the scientific study of the properties and behavior of matter. It is a natural science that covers the elements that make up matter to the compounds made of atoms, molecules and ions: their composition, structure, proper ...

; may also have been Arab *

Jaghmini Mahmūd ibn Muḥammad ibn Umar al-Jaghmini () or 'al-Chaghmīnī', or al-Jaghmini, was a 13th or 14th-century Arab physician, astronomer and author of the '' Qanunshah'' (''The Canon of Medicine'') a short epitome of by Avicenna in Persian, and ' ...

(14th century), physician * Juvayni (1226–1283), historian * Juwayni (1028–1085), philosopher, theologian * Juzjani, Abu Ubaid (?–1070), physician *

Jamal ad-Din Bukhari __NOTOC__ Jamal ad-Din Muḥammad ibn Ṭāhir ibn Muḥammad al‐Zaydī al‐Bukhārī (variously transcribed Jamal ud-Din, Jamal al-Din ( Beauty of Faith), etc., Chinese name Zhamaluding) was a 13th-century Persian astronomer. Originally from ...

, astronomer *

Jamasp Jamasp (also spelled Zamasp or Djamasp; pal, 𐭩𐭠𐭬𐭠𐭮𐭯; fa, جاماسپ ''Jāmāsp'') was Sasanian King of Kings of Iran from 496 to 498/9. He was a son of Peroz I and younger brother of Kavad I. Jamasp was installed on the Sasa ...

, philosopher *

Al-Abbās ibn Said al-Jawharī (c. 800 Baghdad? – c. 860 Baghdad?) was a geometer who worked at the House of Wisdom in Baghdad and for in a short time in Damascus where he made astronomical observations. He was probably of Iranian origin. His most important work was his '' ...

(800–860), geometer

K

* Karaji (953–1029), mathematician * Jamshid-i Kashani (c. 1380–1429), astronomer and mathematician * Kashfi, Jafar (1775/6–1850/1), theologian *

Sadid al-Din al-Kazaruni Sadid al-Din Muhammad ibn Mas‘ud al-Kazaruni was a 14th-century Persian physician from Kazerun, Fars, Iran. He was a popular commentator on earlier medical writings, and composed a commentary titled ''al-Mughni fi sharh al-Mujiz'' on the epitome ...

(14th century), physician * Kermani, Iwad (15th century), physician * Kermani, Shams-ud-Din, Islamic scholar * Al-Khazini (c. 1130), physicist * Khayyam, Omar (1048–1131), poet, mathematician, and astronomer * Khorasani, Sultan Ali (16th century), physician * Al-Kharaqī, astronomer and mathematician * Khujandi (c. 940–c. 1000), mathematician and astronomer * Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi (a.k.a. Al-Khwarazmi, c. 780–c. 850), creator of

algorithm In mathematics and computer science, an algorithm () is a finite sequence of rigorous instructions, typically used to solve a class of specific problems or to perform a computation. Algorithms are used as specifications for performing ...

and

algebra Algebra () is one of the broad areas of mathematics. Roughly speaking, algebra is the study of mathematical symbols and the rules for manipulating these symbols in formulas; it is a unifying thread of almost all of mathematics. Elementary ...

, mathematician and astronomer *

Najm al-Dīn al-Qazwīnī al-Kātibī Najm al-Dīn 'Alī ibn 'Umar al-Qazwīnī al-Kātibī (died AH 675 / 1276 CE) was a Persian Islamic philosopher and logician of the Shafi`i school. A student of Athīr al-Dīn al-Abharī. His most important works are a treatise on logic, ''Al-Risal ...

, logician and philosopher *

Shams al-Din al-Khafri Shams al-Din Muhammad b. Ahmad al-Khafri al-Kashi (died 1550), known as Khafri, was an Iranian religious scholar and astronomer at the beginning of the Safavid dynasty. Before the arrival of Sheikh Baha'i in Iran, he was appointed as the major Sh ...

, astrologer *

Abū Sahl al-Qūhī (; fa, ابوسهل بیژن کوهی ''Abusahl Bijan-e Koohi'') was a Persian mathematician, physicist and astronomer. He was from Kuh (or Quh), an area in Tabaristan, Amol, and flourished in Baghdad in the 10th century. He is considered one o ...

, mathematician and astronomer * Kubra, Najmeddin (1145–1220) *

Abu Ishaq al-Kubunani Abu Ishaq al-Kubunani ( ar, أبو إسحاق القبناني) (d. after 886/1481), was a Persian mathematician, astronomer and man of letters. As his name suggests, he was from , a rural district approximately north-west of Kerman. He was activ ...

(d. after 1481), mathematician, astronomer * Abu Zayn Kahhal, physician

M

* Mahani (9th century), mathematician and astronomer * Majusi, Ibn Abbas (?–c. 890), physician * Marvazi, Abu Taher (12th century), philosopher *

Habash al-Hasib al-Marwazi Ahmad ibn 'Abdallah Habash Hasib Marwazi (766 - d. after 869 in Samarra, Iraq ) was a north-eastern Iranian astronomer, geographer, and mathematician from Merv in Khorasan who for the first time described the trigonometric ratios: sine, cosine, t ...

, mathematician, astronomer, geographer *

Masawaiyh Yuhanna ibn Masawaih (circa 777–857), ( ar, يوحنا بن ماسويه), also written Ibn Masawaih, Masawaiyh, and in Latin Janus Damascenus, or Mesue, Masuya, Mesue Major, Msuya, and Mesuë the Elder was a Persian or Assyrian East Syriac ...

(777–857), or Masuya *

Mashallah ibn Athari ''Mashallah'' ( ar, مَا شَاءَ ٱللَّٰهُ, '), also written Masha'Allah, Maşallah ( Turkey and Azerbaijan), Masya Allah ( Malaysia and Indonesia), Maschallah (Germany), and Mašallah (Bosnia), is an Arabic phrase that is used to exp ...

(740–815), of Jewish origins, from

Khorasan Khorasan may refer to: * Greater Khorasan, a historical region which lies mostly in modern-day northern/northwestern Afghanistan, northeastern Iran, southern Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan * Khorasan Province, a pre-2004 province of Ira ...

who designed the city of

Baghdad Baghdad (; ar, بَغْدَاد , ) is the capital of Iraq and the second-largest city in the Arab world after Cairo. It is located on the Tigris near the ruins of the ancient city of Babylon and the Sassanid Persian capital of Ctesiphon ...

based on

Firouzabad Firuzabad ( fa, فيروزآباد or Piruzabad, also Romanized as Fīrūzābād; Middle Persian: Gōr or Ardashir-Khwarrah, literally "The Glory of Ardashir"; also Shahr-e Gūr ) is a city and capital of Firuzabad County, Fars Province, Iran. A ...

* Mirza Ali Hakim (17th century), physician * Miskawayh (932–1030), philosopher *

Sharaf al-Zaman al-Marwazi Sharaf al-Zamān Ṭāhir al-Marwazī or Marvazī ( ar, شرف الزمان طاهر المروزي; fl. 1056/57–1124/25 CE) was a physician and author of ''Nature of Animals'' ( '). He was a native of Merv, part of the Khorasan region in moder ...

, physician *

Hamdallah Mustawfi Hamdallah Mustawfi Qazvini ( fa, حمدالله مستوفى قزوینی, Ḥamdallāh Mustawfī Qazvīnī; 1281 – after 1339/40) was a Persian official, historian, geographer and poet. He lived during the last era of the Mongol Ilkhanate, a ...

(1281–1349), geographer * Mulla Sadra (1572–1640), philosopher *

Ibn al-Muqaffa' Abū Muhammad ʿAbd Allāh Rūzbih ibn Dādūya ( ar, ابو محمد عبدالله روزبه ابن دادويه), born Rōzbih pūr-i Dādōē ( fa, روزبه پور دادویه), more commonly known as Ibn al-Muqaffaʿ ( ar, ابن الم� ...

(?–756), founder of Arabic prose along with Abdol-Hamid * bin Musa, Hasan (9th century), astronomer, mathematician * bin Musa, Ahmad (9th century), astronomer, inventor * bin Musa, Muhammad (9th century), astronomer, mathematician * Muhammad ibn Muhammad Tabrizi (13th century), philosopher *

Abu Mansur al-Maturidi Abū Manṣūr Muḥammad b. Muḥammad b. Maḥmūd al-Ḥanafī al-Māturīdī al-Samarḳandī ( fa, أبو منصور محمد بن محمد بن محمود الماتریدي السمرقندي الحنفي; 853–944 CE), often referred t ...

, Islamic scholar * Muqatil ibn Sulayman, mufassir of Quran * Ibn Manda, Hadith scholar * Abu Ahmad Monajjem (241/855-56–in 13 Rabi' I 300/29 October 912), music theorist, literary historian *

Masarjawaih Māsarjawaih ( ar, ماسرجويه) was one of the earliest Jewish physicians of Persian origin, and the earliest translator from the Syriac; he lived in Basra about 683 (Anno Hegirae 64). His name, distorted, has been transmitted in European sour ...

(7th century), physician *

Muhammad Abdolrahman Ali ibn Shaykh Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Rahman was a prominent Persian physician who is thought to have lived in the 17th century. Little is known of this author. What is certain is that he composed a large Persian medical encyclopedia, in didacti ...

, physician

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* Nagawri (14th century), physician * Nahavandi, Benjamin, Jewish scholar * Nahavandi, Ahmad (9th century), astronomer *

Nakhshabi Ziya' al-Din Nakhshabi was a 14th-century Persian physician and Sufi living in India. He died in 1350. According to a statement in a manuscript now at The National Library of Medicine, Nakhshabi himself transcribed and illustrated a Persian transl ...

(14th century), physician *

Nasir Khusraw Abu Mo’in Hamid ad-Din Nasir ibn Khusraw al-Qubadiani or Nāsir Khusraw Qubādiyānī Balkhi ( fa, ناصر خسرو قبادیانی, Nasir Khusraw Qubadiani) also spelled as ''Nasir Khusrow'' and ''Naser Khosrow'' (1004 – after 1070 CE) w ...

(1004–1088), scientist, Ismaili scholar, mathematician, philosopher, traveler and poet * Natili Tabari (10th century), physician * Naubakht (9th century), designer of the city of

* Naubakht, Fadhl ibn (8th century), astronomer * Nawbakhty (4th Hijri century), Islamic scholar, philosopher *

Nizam al-Din Nishapuri Nizam al-Din Hasan al-Nisaburi (d. 1328/29) (in Persian: نظام الدین حسن نیشاپوری) was a Persian Sunni Islamic Shafi'i, Ash'ari scholar, mathematician, astronomer, jurist, Qur'an exegete, and poet. His full name was Nizam al-Din ...

, mathematician, astronomer, jurist, exegete, and poet * Nawbakhti, Ruh (10th century), Islamic scholar * Nayrizi (865–922), mathematician and astronomer * Naqshband, Baha ud-Din (1318–1389), philosopher * Abu al-Qasim al-Habib Neishapuri (18th century), physician *

Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj Abū al-Ḥusayn ‘Asākir ad-Dīn Muslim ibn al-Ḥajjāj ibn Muslim ibn Ward ibn Kawshādh al-Qushayrī an-Naysābūrī ( ar, أبو الحسين عساكر الدين مسلم بن الحجاج بن مسلم بن وَرْد بن كوشاذ ...

(c. 815–875), Islamic scholar *

Nurbakhshi Baha' al-Dawlah ibn Siraj al-Din Shah Qasim ibn Muhammad al-Husayni Nurbakhshi (also sometimes called Nuri rather than Nurbakhshi), was a 15–16th century Persian physician. He obtained court favor in both Persia and Baghdad. He is known for on ...

(16th century), physician *

Abu Hafs Umar an-Nasafi Najm ad-Dīn Abū Ḥafṣ 'Umar ibn Muḥammad an-Nasafī ( ar, نجم الدين أبو حفص عمر بن محمد النسفي‎; 1067–1142) was a Muslim jurist, theologian, mufassir, muhaddith and historian. A Persian scholar born in ...

, theologian, mufassir, muhaddith and historian *

Al-Nasa'i Al-Nasāʾī (214 – 303 AH; 829 – 915 CE), full name Abū ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Aḥmad ibn Shuʿayb ibn ʿAlī ibn Sīnān al-Nasāʾī, (variant: Abu Abdel-rahman Ahmed ibn Shua'ib ibn Ali ibn Sinan ibn Bahr ibn Dinar Al-Khurasani ...

, hadith collector *

Shihab al-Din Muhammad al-Nasawi Shihab al-Din Muhammad al-Nasawi ( fa, شهاب الدین محمد النساوی; died c. 1250) was a Persian secretary and biographer of the Khwarazmshah Jalal ad-Din Mingburnu (). Born in Nasa The National Aeronautics and Space Admin ...

, historian and biographer * Abu Nu`aym, Islamic scholar

P

Paul the Persian Paul the Persian or Paulus Persa was a 6th-century East Syriac theologian and philosopher who worked at the court of the Sassanid king Khosrau I. He wrote several treatises and commentaries on Aristotle, which had some influence on medieval Is ...

(6th century), philosopher

Q

* Qazwini, Zakariya (1203–1283), physician * Qumi, Qazi Sa’id (1633–1692), theologian *

Qumri Abu Mansur al-Hasan ibn Nuh al-Qumri ( fa, ابو منصور حسن بن نوح قمری) (also transliterated as “al-Qamari” and "al-Qumri") (fl. mid-10th century, died between 980 and 990) was a Persian court physician to the Samanid Prince a ...

(10th century), physician * Ali Qushji (1403–16 December 1474), mathematician, astronomer and physician *

Ali al-Qari Nur ad-Din Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Sultan Muhammad al-Hirawi al-Qari ( ar, نور الدين أبو الحسن علي بن سلطان محمد الهروي القاري; d. 1605/1606), known as Mulla Ali al-Qari () was an Islamic scholar. He was b ...

, Islamic scholar * Ali Ibn Ibrahim Qomi, jurist and Shia scholar * Al-Quda'i (d. 1062), judge, preacher and historian in

Fatimid The Fatimid Caliphate was an Ismaili Shi'a caliphate extant from the tenth to the twelfth centuries AD. Spanning a large area of North Africa, it ranged from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to the Red Sea in the east. The Fatimids, a dyna ...

Egypt

R

* Razi, Amin (16th century), geographer * Razi Amoli, Fakhreddin (1149–1209), philosopher * Razi, Zakariya (Rhazes) (c. 865–925), chemist, physician, and philosopher * Razi, Najmeddin (1177–1256), mystic * Rumi, Jalal ad-Din Muhammad (1207–1273), Muslim poet, jurist, Islamic scholar, theologian, and Sufi mystic * Rashid-al-Din Hamadani (1247–1318), historian, physician and politician * Abu Hatim Ahmad ibn Hamdan al-Razi, Ismaili philosopher *

Rudaki Rudaki (also spelled Rodaki; fa, رودکی; 858 – 940/41) was a Persian poet, singer and musician, who served as a court poet under the Samanids. He is regarded as the first major poet to write in New Persian. Said to have composed more tha ...

(858–941), Persian poet

S

* Sabzevari, Mulla Hadi (1797–1873), poet and philosopher * Saghani Ostorlabi (?–990), astronomer * Sahl, Fadl ibn (?–818), astronomer * Sahl, Shapur ibn (?–869), physician * Samarqandi, Najibeddin (13th century), physician * Samarqandi, Ashraf (c. 1250–c. 1310), mathematician, astronomer * Sarakhsi, Muhammad ibn Ahmad (?–1096), Islamic scholar *

Ahmad ibn al-Tayyib al-Sarakhsi Ahmad ibn al-Tayyib al-Sarakhsi ( fa, أحمد بن الطيب السرخسي; died 899 CE) was a Persian traveler, historian and philosopher from the city of Sarakhs. He was a pupil of al-Kindi. Al-Sarakhsi was killed by Caliph al-Mu'tadid beca ...

, historian, traveller *

Shahrastani Shahrastani (1983–2011) was an American-bred, British-trained Thoroughbred racehorse. He won four of his seven races between September 1985 and October 1986. He is best known for his performances in the summer of 1986 when he defeated D ...

(1086–1153), historian of religions *

Shahrazuri Shams al-Din Muhammad ibn Mahmud Shahrazuri was a 13th-century Muslim physician, historian and philosopher. He was of Kurdish origin. It appears that he was alive in AD 1288. However, it is also said that he died in the same year. Shahrazuri was ...

(13th century), philosopher and physician * Shahrazuri, Ibn al-Salah (1181–1245), Islamic scholar *

Shaykh Tusi Shaykh Tusi ( fa, شیخ طوسی), full name ''Abu Jafar Muhammad Ibn Hassan Tusi'' ( ar, ابو جعفر محمد بن حسن طوسی), known as Shaykh al-Taʾifah ( ar, links=no, شيخ الطائفة) was a prominent Persian scholar of th ...

(996–1067), Islamic scholar *

Ibn Babawayh Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn 'Ali ibn Babawayh al-Qummi ( Persian: ar, أَبُو جَعْفَر مُحَمَّد ٱبْن عَلِيّ ٱبْن بَابَوَيْه ٱلْقُمِيّ; –991), commonly referred to as Ibn Babawayh (Persian: ar, ...

(923–991), theologian * Ibn Sahl, mathematician, physicist * Abu ul-Ala Shirazi (d. 1001 CE), physician *

Shaykh Muhammad ibn Thaleb Muhammad ibn Thalib ibn Abd Allah ibn Ni`mat Allah ibn Sadr ad-Din ibn Shaykh Baha' ad-Din ash-Shirazi ( ar, محمد ابن طالب عبدالله ابن نعمات الله ابن صدر الدين ابن شيخ بهاءالدين الشيرا� ...

, physician * Shirazi, Imad al-Din Mas'ud (16th century), physician * Shirazi, Muhammad Hadi Khorasani (18th century), physician * Shirazi, Qutbeddin (1236–1311), astronomer * Shirazi, Mahmud ibn Ilyas (18th century), physician * Shirazi, Najm al-Din Mahmud ibn Ilyas (?–1330), physician * Shirazi, Qurayshi (17th century), physician * Shirazi, Sultan Waezin (1894–1971), theologian * Sibawayh, linguist and grammarian * Sijzi (c. 945–c. 1020), mathematician, astronomer and astrologer * Sijzi, Mas'ud (14th century), physician *

Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi ʿAbd al-Rahman al-Sufi ( fa, عبدالرحمن صوفی; December 7, 903 – May 25, 986) was an iranianRobert Harry van Gent. Biography of al-Sūfī'. "The Persian astronomer Abū al-Husayn ‘Abd al-Rahmān ibn ‘Umar al-Sūfī was born in ...

(903–986), astronomer from

Ray Ray may refer to: Fish * Ray (fish), any cartilaginous fish of the superorder Batoidea * Ray (fish fin anatomy), a bony or horny spine on a fin Science and mathematics * Ray (geometry), half of a line proceeding from an initial point * Ray (gr ...

who invented the meridian ring * Mūsā ibn Shākir, astronomer * Suhrawardi, Shahab al-Din (1155–1191), philosopher * Abu Sulayman Sijistani, philosopher * ‘Abd ar-Razzaq as-San‘ani, Islamic scholar *

Zayn al-Din Omar Savaji Zayn al-Din Omar Savaji ( fa, زین الدین عمر ساوجی) was a Persian philosopher and logician.HOSSEIN ZIAI, "EBN SAHLĀN SĀVAJĪ, Qāżī ZAYN-AL-DĪN ʿOMAR " in Encyclopaedia Iranic/ref> Life He was born in Saveh (modern Arak provin ...

, philosopher and logician * Zeynalabdin Shirvani, geographer, philosopher and poet *

Abu Yaqub al-Sijistani Abu Ya'qub Ishaq ibn Ahmad al-Sijistani ( ar, أبو يعقوب إسحاق بن أحمد السجستاني) or al-Sijzi () was a 10th-century Persian Ismaili missionary active in the northern and eastern Iranian lands. His life is obscure, but h ...

, Ismaili philosopher * Abu'l-'Anbas Saymari, astrologer

T

* Tabarani, Abu al-Qasim (873–970), Islamic scholar * Tabari Amoli (839–923), historian * Tabari, ibn Farrukhan (?–815), astrologer and architect * Tabari, Abul Hasan (10th century), physician * Tabari, Ibn Sahl (c. 783–c. 858), Jewish convert physician, master of Rhazes * Tabrizi, Maqsud Ali (17th century), physician *

Taftazani Sa'ad al-Din Masud ibn Umar ibn Abd Allah al-Taftazani ( fa, سعدالدین مسعودبن عمربن عبداللّه هروی خراسانی تفتازانی) also known as Al-Taftazani and Taftazani (1322–1390) was a Muslim Persian pol ...

(1322–1390), theologian, linguist * Tayfur, Ibn Abi Tahir (819–893), linguist * Tirmidhi (824–892), Islamic scholar * Tunakabuni (17th century), physician * Tughra'i (c. 1061–1122), physician * Tusi, Nizam ol-Molk (1018–1092), Persian scholar and vizier of the Seljuq Empire * Tusi, Nasireddin (1201–1274), Persian polymath, architect, philosopher, physician, scientist, and theologian * Tusi, Sharafeddin (?–1213/4), mathematician *

Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Tha'labi Al-Tha''ʿ''labi (''Abū Isḥāḳ Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn Ibrāhīm al-Nīsābūrī al-Thaʿlabī'' ; died November 1035) was an eleventh-century Islamic scholar of Persian origin. He was accorded a high rank by Sunni scholars. In ''Tabaqa ...

, Islamic scholar *

'Abd al-Hamīd ibn Turk ( fl. 830), known also as ( ar, ابومحمد عبدالحمید بن واسع بن ترک الجیلی) was a ninth-century Muslim mathematician. Not much is known about his life. The two records of him, one by Ibn Nadim and the other by al-Q ...

, Persian or Turkish mathematician

U

Safi al-Din al-Urmawi Safi al-Din al-Urmawi al-Baghdadi ( fa, صفی الدین اورموی) or Safi al-Din Abd al-Mu'min ibn Yusuf ibn al-Fakhir al-Urmawi al-Baghdadi (born c. 1216 AD in Urmia, died in 1294 AD in Baghdad) was a renowned musician and writer on the ...

(c. 1216–1294), musician * Abu al‐Uqul al‐Tabari (14th century), Yemenite astronomer of Iranian origin

V

* Amin al-Din Rashid al-Din Vatvat (13th century), scholar and physician

W

* Waqidi (748–822), historian * Wassaf, historian * Al-Wabkanawi, astronomer

Y

Yaʿqūb ibn Ṭāriq Yaʿqūb ibn Ṭāriq (; died AD) was an 8th-century Persian astronomer and mathematician who lived in Baghdad. Works Works ascribed to Yaʿqūb ibn Ṭāriq include:Plofker * (, "Astronomical tables in the ''Sindhind'' resolved for each degr ...

(?–796), mathematician and astronomer * Yunus ibn Habib, linguist * Yahya ibn Ma'in, Islamic scholar *

Yunus al-Katib al-Mughanni Yunus al-Katib al-Mughanni () was a well-known musician and writer on music in the first half of the 2nd/8th century. He was the son of a jurist ('' faqih'') of Persian origin and a '' mawla'' (non-Arab, Muslim freedman or client) of the family of a ...

, musician * Yahya ibn Abi Mansur (d. 830 CE), astronomer

Z

* Zamakhshari (1074/5–1143/4), scholar and geographer * Muhammad Zarrindast (11th century), oculist *

Zayn-e-Attar Haji Zayn Attar ( 1329–1403) was a 14th-century Persian physician. He is best known as the author of the Persian language pharmacopoeia ''Ekhtiyarat i Badi i''. Biography Attar was born in 1329-1330 CE (730 AH) in Shiraz, and lived during t ...

(?–c. 1403), physician *

Zarir Jurjani Abu Sa'id al-Dharir al-Jurjani (), also Gurgani, was a 9th-century Persian mathematician and astronomer from Gurgan (Jurjan), Iran. He wrote a treatise on geometrical problems and another on the drawing of the meridian. George Sarton considers him ...

(9th century), mathematician and astronomer *

Zakariya al-Qazwini Zakariyya' al-Qazwini ( , ar, أبو يحيى زكرياء بن محمد بن محمود القزويني), also known as Qazvini ( fa, قزوینی), born in Qazvin (Iran) and died 1283, was a Persian cosmographer and geographer of Arab anc ...

(1203–1283) physician, astronomer, geographer, and proto-science fiction writer

Notes

{{DEFAULTSORT:Iranian Scientists And Scholars Scientists of the medieval Islamic world

Iranian scientists

Scientists A scientist is a person who conducts scientific research to advance knowledge in an area of the natural sciences. In classical antiquity, there was no real ancient analog of a modern scientist. Instead, philosophers engaged in the philosophi ...

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