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This is a list of
* ''Agathaumas, Agathaumas sylvestris'': Most well known from a painting by Charles R. Knight, Charles Knight. It may have been a synonym of ''Triceratops'', but without cranial remains, this cannot be confirmed.
* ''Alcovasaurus, Alcovasaurus longispinus'': Although originally named as a species of ''Stegosaurus'', it may actually be a species of the otherwise European ''Miragaia longicollum, Miragaia''.
* ''Antrodemus, Antrodemus valens'': May represent the same animal as ''Allosaurus''; if so, the name ''Antrodemus'' would have priority. However, because it is based on undiagnostic remains of uncertain provenance, this cannot be confirmed.
* ''Apatodon, Apatodon mirus'': Its holotype was originally believed to be the jawbone of a Mesozoic pig, but has been reinterpreted as a dinosaur vertebra. What type of dinosaur it belonged to is unknown, but there have been suggestions that it was from ''Allosaurus''.
* "List of informally named dinosaurs#Beelemodon, Beelemodon": Known only from two teeth found in Wyoming. They share features of compsognathids, dromaeosaurids, and basal oviraptorosaurs.
* "List of informally named dinosaurs#Capitalsaurus, Capitalsaurus": The official dinosaur of the District of Columbia. It is known from a single vertebra discovered at the intersection of First and F Streets S.E., which is now appropriately named "Capitalsaurus Court".
* ''Cathetosaurus, Cathetosaurus lewisi'': Usually seen as a species of ''Camarasaurus'', but an unpublished study argues that it might be a distinct genus.
* ''Claorhynchus, Claorhynchus trihedrus'': An indeterminate cerapod that may be either a hadrosaurid or a ceratopsid, in which case it may be a synonym of ''Triceratops''.
* ""Coelosaurus" antiquus, Coelosaurus" ''"Coelosaurus" antiquus, antiquus'': The generic name is said to be preoccupied, but its namesake remains obscure.
* "List of informally named dinosaurs#Comanchesaurus, Comanchesaurus kuesi": Only named in a dissertation. It has been described as a possible indeterminate saurischian.
* ''Deinodon, Deinodon horridus'': Only known from teeth. Several referred teeth have since been found to belong to already known species, and the holotype could itself belong to ''Gorgosaurus''.
* ''Dracorex, Dracorex hogwartsia'': Described as a small, flat-headed pachycephalosaur. However, it is likely that it is just a juvenile ''Pachycephalosaurus''.
* ''Drinker nisti'': May be a synonym of ''Nanosaurus''.
* ''Epanterias, Epanterias amplexus'': Possibly a large specimen of ''Allosaurus'', but it may be a different taxon due to its younger age.
* ''Latenivenatrix, Latenivenatrix mcmasterae'': The largest known troodontid. It is sometimes suggested to be synonymous with ''Stenonychosaurus'', which its remains were originally assigned to.
* "List of informally named dinosaurs#Magulodon, Magulodon muirkirkensis": Only known from a single tooth that may belong to either an ornithopod or a basal ceratopsian.
* "List of informally named dinosaurs#Microcephale, Microcephale": Said to be an extremely small pachycephalosaur, with skull caps only long.
* ''Mojoceratops, Mojoceratops perifania'': May be a species of specimen of ''Chasmosaurus''.
* ''Nanotyrannus, Nanotyrannus lancensis'': Described as a small adult tyrannosaur, although it is more likely to be a juvenile ''Tyrannosaurus rex''.
* ''Nedoceratops, Nedoceratops hatcheri'': Due to its lack of a nasal horn, it has been named "''Diceratops''" (which is preoccupied by Syzeuctus, an insect) and ''Diceratus''. However, it may simply be an unusual specimen of ''Triceratops''.
* ''Ojoceratops, Ojoceratops fowleri'': May be ancestral to ''Triceratops'' or a synonym of ''Eotriceratops''.
* "List of informally named dinosaurs#Orcomimus, Orcomimus": Potentially referrable to any of the ornithomimosaur taxa known from the Hell Creek Formation.
* ''Othnielia, Othnielia rex'': Only known from an undiagnostic femur, but it may have belonged to ''Nanosaurus'' anyway.
* ''Othnielosaurus, Othnielosaurus consors'': Most likely a synonym of ''Nanosaurus''.
* ''Palaeopteryx, Palaeopteryx thomsoni'': Known from a few very small bones which could belong to either a bird or a small bird-like dinosaur.
* ''Protoavis, Protoavis texensis'': Described as a Triassic bird but is more likely a chimera consisting of elements from various unrelated tetrapods.
* ''Rhinorex, Rhinorex condrupus'': Phylogenetic analysis shows that it may fall within ''Gryposaurus'', and thus be a junior synonym of that genus.
* ''Rubeosaurus, Rubeosaurus ovatus'': Likely a species of ''Styracosaurus'', or even simply an unusual specimen of ''S. albertensis''.
* ''Stygimoloch, Stygimoloch spinifer'': Had a short skull dome with long horns jutting out from behind it. It is usually thought to be a subadult ''Pachycephalosaurus'', but has been noted to be stratigraphically younger.
* ''Tatankaceratops, Tatankaceratops sacrisonorum'': Noted to possess a strange mix of features of both juvenile and adult ''Triceratops''. It may be a dwarf specimen of that genus or an individual that stopped growing prematurely.
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dinosaur
Dinosaurs are a diverse group of reptiles of the clade Dinosauria. They first appeared during the Triassic period, between 243 and 233.23 million years ago (mya), although the exact origin and timing of the evolution of dinosaurs is t ...
s whose remains have been recovered from North America. North America has a rich dinosaur fossil record with great diversity of dinosaurs.
History
The earliest potential record of dinosaurs in North America comes from rare, unidentified (possiblytheropod
Theropoda (; ), whose members are known as theropods, is a dinosaur clade that is characterized by hollow bones and three toes and claws on each limb. Theropods are generally classed as a group of saurischian dinosaurs. They were ancestrally c ...
) footprints in the Middle-Late Triassic
The Triassic ( ) is a geologic period and system (stratigraphy), system which spans 50.6 million years from the end of the Permian Period 251.902 million years ago (Year#Abbreviations yr and ya, Mya), to the beginning of the Jurassic Period 201.36 ...
Pekin Formation of North Carolina. However, the most reliable early record of North American dinosaurs comes from fragmentary Saurischia, saurischian fossils unearthed from the Late Triassic, Upper Triassic Dockum Group of Texas. Later in the Triassic period, dinosaurs left more recognizable remains, and could be identified as specific genera. Examples of later Triassic North American dinosaur genera include ''Coelophysis'', ''Chindesaurus'', ''Gojirasaurus'', and ''Tawa (dinosaur), Tawa''. Fossils of ''Tawa''-like dinosaurs have also been found in South America, which has important indications about paleogeography. During the Early Jurassic, Early Jurassic Period, dinosaurs such as ''Dilophosaurus'', ''Anchisaurus'', ''Coelophysis'' (formerly known as ''Megapnosaurus''), and the early thyreophoran ''Scutellosaurus'' lived in North America. The latter is believed to have been the ancestor of all stegosaurs and ankylosaurs. The Middle Jurassic is the only poorly represented time period in North America, although several Middle Jurassic localities are known from Mexico. Footprints, eggshells, teeth, and fragments of bone representing theropods, sauropods, and ornithopods have been found, but none of them are diagnostic to the genus level.
The Late Jurassic of North America, however, is the exact opposite of the Middle Jurassic. The Late Jurassic Morrison Formation is found in several U.S. states, including Colorado, Utah, Wyoming, Montana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, and Texas. It is notable as being the most fertile single source of dinosaur fossils in the world. The roster of dinosaurs from the Morrison is impressive. Among the theropods, ''Allosaurus'', ''Saurophaganax'', ''Torvosaurus'', ''Ceratosaurus'', ''Coelurus'', ''Ornitholestes'', ''Tanycolagreus'', ''Stokesosaurus'', and ''Marshosaurus'' are found in the Morrison. An abundance of sauropods has been found there, including ''Apatosaurus'', ''Diplodocus'', ''Barosaurus'', ''Brachiosaurus'', ''Camarasaurus'', ''Brontosaurus'' and ''Amphicoelias''. Three genera of stegosaurs, ''Alcovasaurus'', ''Stegosaurus'' and ''Hesperosaurus'', have been found there. Finally, ornithopods found in the Morrison include ''Camptosaurus, Dryosaurus,'' and ''Nanosaurus'',
During the Early Cretaceous, new dinosaurs evolved to replace the old ones. Sauropods were still present, but they were not as diverse as they were in the Jurassic Period. Theropods from the Early Cretaceous of North America include dromaeosaurids such as ''Deinonychus'' and ''Utahraptor'', the carnosaur ''Acrocanthosaurus'', and the coelurosaur ''Microvenator''. Sauropods included ''Astrodon'', ''Brontomerus'', and ''Sauroposeidon''. Ornithischians were more diverse than they were in the Jurassic Period. ''Tenontosaurus'', ''Dakotadon'', ''Protohadros'', and ''Eolambia'' are some of the ornithopods that lived during this time period. Ankylosaurs replaced their stegosaur cousins in the Cretaceous. Ankylosaurs from the Early Cretaceous of North America include ''Sauropelta'' and ''Gastonia (dinosaur), Gastonia''. Therizinosaurs such as ''Falcarius'' are also known from the Early Cretaceous of North America.
Finally, during the Late Cretaceous Period, the greatest abundance and diversity of dinosaurs of all time lived in North America. During the early part of the Late Cretaceous, the therizinosaur ''Nothronychus'' and the ceratopsian ''Zuniceratops'' lived. During the Campanian stage of the Late Cretaceous, an enormous diversity of dinosaurs is known. Theropods included the tyrannosaurs ''Albertosaurus'', ''Gorgosaurus'', ''Daspletosaurus'', ''Teratophoneus'', ''Bistahieversor'', and ''Appalachiosaurus'', and the dromaeosaurids ''Dromaeosaurus'', ''Saurornitholestes'', ''Atrociraptor'', and ''Bambiraptor''. Ceratopsians, such as ''Pachyrhinosaurus'', ''Styracosaurus'', ''Centrosaurus'', ''Monoclonius'', ''Brachyceratops'' and ''Pentaceratops'' also existed. Among hadrosaurs,'' Hypacrosaurus, Gryposaurus, Kritosaurus, Parasaurolophus'', ''Corythosaurus'', ''Lambeosaurus'' and ''Prosaurolophus'' existed. During the latest Cretaceous, the Maastrichtian age, the diversity of dinosaurs saw a decline from the preceding Campanian stage. North American herbivorous dinosaurs from this time period include the titanosaur sauropod ''Alamosaurus'', the ceratopsians ''Bravoceratops'', ''Regaliceratops'', ''Triceratops'', ''Leptoceratops'', ''Torosaurus'', ''Nedoceratops'', ''Tatankaceratops'' (the latter two possible species of ''Triceratops''), and ''Ojoceratops'', the pachycephalosaurs ''Pachycephalosaurus'', ''Stygimoloch'', ''Dracorex'', and ''Sphaerotholus'', the hadrosaurs ''Augustynolophus'', ''Saurolophus'' and ''Edmontosaurus'', the ornithopod ''Thescelosaurus'' the ankylosaur ''Ankylosaurus'' and the nodosaurs ''Denversaurus'', ''Glyptodontopelta'' and ''Edmontonia''. Predatory dinosaurs from this time period included the tyrannosaurids ''Tyrannosaurus'', ''Nanotyrannus'' (which may just be a juvenile of the former) and ''Dryptosaurus'', the ornithomimids ''Ornithomimus'', ''Dromiceiomimus'', ''Struthiomimus,'' the oviraptorids ''Anzu (dinosaur), Anzu'', ''Leptorhynchos (dinosaur), Leptorhynchos'' and ''Ojoraptorsaurus'', the troodontids ''Pectinodon'', ''Paronychodon'' and ''Troodon'', the coelurosaur ''Richardoestesia'' and the dromaeosaurs ''Acheroraptor'' and ''Dakotaraptor''.
The only recorded find of a dinosaur fossil in Central America consists of a single femur discovered from Middle Cretaceous age deposits in Comayagua Department in the central part of Honduras. The fossil had been found in January, 1971 by Bruce Simonson and Gregory Horne, though it was later sent to the National Museum of Natural History, National Museum of Natural History, USA where it is deposited under catalogue number USNM PAL 181339. The discovery was not formally described until 1994 where it was identified as the femur of a small hadrosaur or iguanodontid, probably the former. The first report of a dinosaur from Central America ever however was a newspaper article published in August of 1933 by Canada’s Montreal Gazette, though the story was picked up by several American newspapers. The fossil was an isolated metatarsus that had been collected by University of Pennsylvania explorer George Mason from woods near Olanchito, Honduras, though a vertebra was also mentioned to be found by locals. The bones have since been lost and their true identity remains indeterminable.
Criteria for inclusion
*The genus must appear on the List of dinosaur genera. *At least one named species of the creature must have been found in North America. *This list is a complement to :Dinosaurs of North America.List of North American dinosaurs
Valid genera
Invalid and potentially valid genera
* ''Agathaumas, Agathaumas sylvestris'': Most well known from a painting by Charles R. Knight, Charles Knight. It may have been a synonym of ''Triceratops'', but without cranial remains, this cannot be confirmed.
* ''Alcovasaurus, Alcovasaurus longispinus'': Although originally named as a species of ''Stegosaurus'', it may actually be a species of the otherwise European ''Miragaia longicollum, Miragaia''.
* ''Antrodemus, Antrodemus valens'': May represent the same animal as ''Allosaurus''; if so, the name ''Antrodemus'' would have priority. However, because it is based on undiagnostic remains of uncertain provenance, this cannot be confirmed.
* ''Apatodon, Apatodon mirus'': Its holotype was originally believed to be the jawbone of a Mesozoic pig, but has been reinterpreted as a dinosaur vertebra. What type of dinosaur it belonged to is unknown, but there have been suggestions that it was from ''Allosaurus''.
* "List of informally named dinosaurs#Beelemodon, Beelemodon": Known only from two teeth found in Wyoming. They share features of compsognathids, dromaeosaurids, and basal oviraptorosaurs.
* "List of informally named dinosaurs#Capitalsaurus, Capitalsaurus": The official dinosaur of the District of Columbia. It is known from a single vertebra discovered at the intersection of First and F Streets S.E., which is now appropriately named "Capitalsaurus Court".
* ''Cathetosaurus, Cathetosaurus lewisi'': Usually seen as a species of ''Camarasaurus'', but an unpublished study argues that it might be a distinct genus.
* ''Claorhynchus, Claorhynchus trihedrus'': An indeterminate cerapod that may be either a hadrosaurid or a ceratopsid, in which case it may be a synonym of ''Triceratops''.
* ""Coelosaurus" antiquus, Coelosaurus" ''"Coelosaurus" antiquus, antiquus'': The generic name is said to be preoccupied, but its namesake remains obscure.
* "List of informally named dinosaurs#Comanchesaurus, Comanchesaurus kuesi": Only named in a dissertation. It has been described as a possible indeterminate saurischian.
* ''Deinodon, Deinodon horridus'': Only known from teeth. Several referred teeth have since been found to belong to already known species, and the holotype could itself belong to ''Gorgosaurus''.
* ''Dracorex, Dracorex hogwartsia'': Described as a small, flat-headed pachycephalosaur. However, it is likely that it is just a juvenile ''Pachycephalosaurus''.
* ''Drinker nisti'': May be a synonym of ''Nanosaurus''.
* ''Epanterias, Epanterias amplexus'': Possibly a large specimen of ''Allosaurus'', but it may be a different taxon due to its younger age.
* ''Latenivenatrix, Latenivenatrix mcmasterae'': The largest known troodontid. It is sometimes suggested to be synonymous with ''Stenonychosaurus'', which its remains were originally assigned to.
* "List of informally named dinosaurs#Magulodon, Magulodon muirkirkensis": Only known from a single tooth that may belong to either an ornithopod or a basal ceratopsian.
* "List of informally named dinosaurs#Microcephale, Microcephale": Said to be an extremely small pachycephalosaur, with skull caps only long.
* ''Mojoceratops, Mojoceratops perifania'': May be a species of specimen of ''Chasmosaurus''.
* ''Nanotyrannus, Nanotyrannus lancensis'': Described as a small adult tyrannosaur, although it is more likely to be a juvenile ''Tyrannosaurus rex''.
* ''Nedoceratops, Nedoceratops hatcheri'': Due to its lack of a nasal horn, it has been named "''Diceratops''" (which is preoccupied by Syzeuctus, an insect) and ''Diceratus''. However, it may simply be an unusual specimen of ''Triceratops''.
* ''Ojoceratops, Ojoceratops fowleri'': May be ancestral to ''Triceratops'' or a synonym of ''Eotriceratops''.
* "List of informally named dinosaurs#Orcomimus, Orcomimus": Potentially referrable to any of the ornithomimosaur taxa known from the Hell Creek Formation.
* ''Othnielia, Othnielia rex'': Only known from an undiagnostic femur, but it may have belonged to ''Nanosaurus'' anyway.
* ''Othnielosaurus, Othnielosaurus consors'': Most likely a synonym of ''Nanosaurus''.
* ''Palaeopteryx, Palaeopteryx thomsoni'': Known from a few very small bones which could belong to either a bird or a small bird-like dinosaur.
* ''Protoavis, Protoavis texensis'': Described as a Triassic bird but is more likely a chimera consisting of elements from various unrelated tetrapods.
* ''Rhinorex, Rhinorex condrupus'': Phylogenetic analysis shows that it may fall within ''Gryposaurus'', and thus be a junior synonym of that genus.
* ''Rubeosaurus, Rubeosaurus ovatus'': Likely a species of ''Styracosaurus'', or even simply an unusual specimen of ''S. albertensis''.
* ''Stygimoloch, Stygimoloch spinifer'': Had a short skull dome with long horns jutting out from behind it. It is usually thought to be a subadult ''Pachycephalosaurus'', but has been noted to be stratigraphically younger.
* ''Tatankaceratops, Tatankaceratops sacrisonorum'': Noted to possess a strange mix of features of both juvenile and adult ''Triceratops''. It may be a dwarf specimen of that genus or an individual that stopped growing prematurely.
Timeline
This is a timeline of selected dinosaurs from the list above. Time is measured in annum, Ma, annum, megaannum, along the x-axis.Triassic
The Triassic ( ) is a geologic period and system (stratigraphy), system which spans 50.6 million years from the end of the Permian Period 251.902 million years ago (Year#Abbreviations yr and ya, Mya), to the beginning of the Jurassic Period 201.36 ...
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color:HER bar:NAM49 from:-73 till:-70 text:Anchiceratops
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color:HER bar:NAM51 from:-71 till:-69 text:Montanoceratops
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color:HER bar:NAM53 from:-70 till:-66 text:Pachycephalosaurus
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color:HER bar:NAM55 from:-69 till:-66 text:Eotriceratops
color:HER bar:NAM56 from:-83.5 till:-66 text:Torosaurus
color:HER bar:NAM57 from:-83.5 till:-66 text:Triceratops
color:HER bar:NAM58 from:-83.5 till:-66 text:Ankylosaurus
color:CAR bar:NAM59 from:-83.5 till:-66 text:Tyrannosaurus
color:HER bar:NAM60 from:-83.5 till:-66 text:Thescelosaurus
color:HER bar:NAM61 from:-83.5 till:-66 text:Edmontosaurus annectens
color:HER bar:NAM62 from:-83.5 till:-66 text:Leptoceratops
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The Triassic ( ) is a geologic period and system (stratigraphy), system which spans 50.6 million years from the end of the Permian Period 251.902 million years ago (Year#Abbreviations yr and ya, Mya), to the beginning of the Jurassic Period 201.36 ...
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from: -251.902 till: -66 color:mesozoic text:Mesozoic
See also
* List of North American birdsReferences
{{Dinosaurs by Continent Mesozoic dinosaurs of North America, * Lists of dinosaurs by landmass, North America Lists of animals of North America, †Dinosaurs Extinct animals of North America, . Articles which contain graphical timelines Articles containing video clips