This list of ''Narcissus'' species shows the accepted

species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriat ...

names within the

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nom ...

Narcissus Narcissus may refer to: Biology * ''Narcissus'' (plant), a genus containing daffodils and others People * Narcissus (mythology), Greek mythological character * Narcissus (wrestler) (2nd century), assassin of the Roman emperor Commodus * Tiberiu ...

'' (), which are predominantly spring

perennial A perennial plant or simply perennial is a plant that lives more than two years. The term ('' per-'' + '' -ennial'', "through the years") is often used to differentiate a plant from shorter-lived annuals and biennials. The term is also widel ...

plants in the

Amaryllidaceae The Amaryllidaceae are a family of herbaceous, mainly perennial and bulbous (rarely rhizomatous) flowering plants in the monocot order Asparagales. The family takes its name from the genus '' Amaryllis'' and is commonly known as the amaryllis f ...

(amaryllis) family. Various common names including daffodil, narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. The list of species is arranged by

subgenus In biology, a subgenus (plural: subgenera) is a taxonomic rank directly below genus. In the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, a subgeneric name can be used independently or included in a species name, in parentheses, placed between ...

and

section Section, Sectioning or Sectioned may refer to: Arts, entertainment and media * Section (music), a complete, but not independent, musical idea * Section (typography), a subdivision, especially of a chapter, in books and documents ** Section sig ...

. Estimates of the number of species in ''Narcissus'' have varied widely, from anywhere between 16 and nearly 160, even in the modern era.

Carl Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, ...

originally included six species in 1753. Much of the variation lies in the definition of

, and whether closely related

taxa In biology, a taxon (back-formation from ''taxonomy''; plural taxa) is a group of one or more populations of an organism or organisms seen by taxonomists to form a unit. Although neither is required, a taxon is usually known by a particular nam ...

are considered separate species or

subspecies In biological classification, subspecies is a rank below species, used for populations that live in different areas and vary in size, shape, or other physical characteristics ( morphology), but that can successfully interbreed. Not all specie ...

. Thus, a very wide view of each species, such as Webb's results in few species, while a very narrow view such as that of Fernandes results in a larger number. Another factor is the status of hybrids, given natural hybridisation. There is a distinction between what are referred to as 'ancient hybrids' which are found occurring over a relatively large area, and 'recent hybrids' with a more restricted range and found growing as solitary plants amongst their parents. The former are more often considered as separate species. Fernandes (1951) accepted 22 species, on which were based the 27 species listed by Webb in the 1980

Flora Europaea The ''Flora Europaea'' is a 5-volume encyclopedia of plants, published between 1964 and 1993 by Cambridge University Press. The aim was to describe all the national Floras of Europe in a single, authoritative publication to help readers identify ...

. By 1968, Fernandes had accepted 63 species, and by 1990 Blanchard listed 65 species, and Erhardt 66 in 1993. In 2006 the International Daffodil Register listed 87 species. In contrast, the genetic study by Zonneveld (2008) resulted in only 36 species (for list and comparison with Webb, see Zonneveld Table 4). , the

World Checklist of Selected Plant Families The World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (usually abbreviated to WCSP) is an "international collaborative programme that provides the latest peer reviewed and published opinions on the accepted scientific names and synonyms of selected pla ...

accepts 52 species, along with at least 60 hybrids. Another important source is the

Royal Horticultural Society The Royal Horticultural Society (RHS), founded in 1804 as the Horticultural Society of London, is the UK's leading gardening charity. The RHS promotes horticulture through its five gardens at Wisley (Surrey), Hyde Hall (Essex), Harlow Carr (Nor ...

's Botanical Classification and list of botanical names (October 2014) which is the basis of their ''International Daffodil Register''. This is a searchable list and had 81 accepted names in its October 2014 release.

Table of ''Narcissus'' species

Over 300

synonymous A synonym is a word, morpheme, or phrase that means exactly or nearly the same as another word, morpheme, or phrase in a given language. For example, in the English language, the words ''begin'', ''start'', ''commence'', and ''initiate'' are a ...

species names are listed, reflecting wide variations in how the

is divided into species. These have been arranged into

Sections Section, Sectioning or Sectioned may refer to: Arts, entertainment and media * Section (music), a complete, but not independent, musical idea * Section (typography), a subdivision, especially of a chapter, in books and documents ** Section sig ...

. These should not be confused with the horticultural classification of

cultivars A cultivar is a type of cultivated plant that people have selected for desired traits and when propagated retain those traits. Methods used to propagate cultivars include: division, root and stem cuttings, offsets, grafting, tissue culture, ...

into divisions by the

Sections (with type species) shown are according to Zonneveld (2008). In addition Mathew (2002) further divides the sections into subsections. * ''Apodanthi'' (''N. calcicola'') * ''Bulbocodium'' (''N. bulbocodium'') * ''Ganymedes'' (''N. triandrus'') * ''Jonquillae'' (''N. jonquilla'') * ''Juncifolii'' (''N. assoanus'') * ''Narcissus'' (''N. poeticus'') * ''Nevadensis'' (''N. nevadensis'') * ''Pseudonarcissus'' (''N. pseudonarcissus'') * ''Tapeinanthus'' (''N. cavanillesii'') * ''Serotini'' (''N. serotinus'') * ''Tazettae'' (''N. tazetta'') For a list of species by Section according to the

, see the RHS Botanical Classification (updated September 2013), which is the basis of their ''International Daffodil Register''.RHS Botanical Classification
/ref>

Intersectional hybrids ( Nothospecies)

* '' Narcissus x alleniæ'' Donnison-Morgan ''(N. obsoletus × N. viridiflorus)'' * '' Narcissus x obsoletus'' (Haw.) Spach ''(N. elegans × N. serotinus)''Accepted as species by World Checklist, but see Zonnefeld * ''Narcissus'' × ''medioluteus'' syn. ''N. biflorus''

Table of ''Narcissus'' species

Intersectional hybrids ( Nothospecies)

See also

Notes

References

Works cited

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