This is a list of Mexican states by date of statehood, that is, the date when each state was accepted by Congress of the Union as a free and sovereign state of the

United Mexican States Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatema ...

Background

The effective

independence of Mexico The Mexican War of Independence ( es, Guerra de Independencia de México, links=no, 16 September 1810 – 27 September 1821) was an armed conflict and political process resulting in Mexico's independence from Spain. It was not a single, co ...

reached on September 27, 1821, does not meant the independence of the states, because Mexico was the only

Latin America Latin America or * french: Amérique Latine, link=no * ht, Amerik Latin, link=no * pt, América Latina, link=no, name=a, sometimes referred to as LatAm is a large cultural region in the Americas where Romance languages — languages derived f ...

n country which became independent from

Spain , image_flag = Bandera de España.svg , image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg , national_motto = ''Plus ultra'' (Latin)(English: "Further Beyond") , national_anthem = (English: "Royal March") , i ...

as a

monarchy A monarchy is a government#Forms, form of government in which a person, the monarch, is head of state for life or until abdication. The legitimacy (political)#monarchy, political legitimacy and authority of the monarch may vary from restric ...

. After the fall of the

Mexican Empire Mexican Empire may refer to: * First Mexican Empire, the regime under Agustín de Iturbide (Agustín I) from 1821 to 1823 * Second Mexican Empire The Second Mexican Empire (), officially the Mexican Empire (), was a constitutional monarchy est ...

, the Federal Republic was established on July 12, 1823. Although 18 of the 19 founder states can be considered official members of the federation since the enactment of the ''Constitutive Act of the Mexican Federation'' on January 31, 1824; eleven of them were ratified as states before the enactment and some of the others were included as three states (the internal States of North, Western and Eastern). Tamaulipas, Tabasco and Chiapas were ratified after the enactment of the act. All the later admission dates were set by law or decree of

congress A congress is a formal meeting of the representatives of different countries, constituent states, organizations, trade unions, political parties, or other groups. The term originated in Late Middle English to denote an encounter (meeting of ...

, except for Chiapas, whose admission was determined by its own people in a

referendum A referendum (plural: referendums or less commonly referenda) is a direct vote by the electorate on a proposal, law, or political issue. This is in contrast to an issue being voted on by a representative. This may result in the adoption of a ...

List

This list does not account the secession of several states during the establishment of the Centralist Republic and the territorial changes made during the civil and foreign wars.

Notes

:1. The order of the states admitted the same day was determined by the day of the installation of its congress. :2. The intendancies were created in 1776 under the

Viceroyalty of New Spain New Spain, officially the Viceroyalty of New Spain ( es, Virreinato de Nueva España, ), or Kingdom of New Spain, was an integral territorial entity of the Spanish Empire, established by Habsburg Spain during the Spanish colonization of the Amer ...

. The provinces were created as part of the territorial administration of the

. :3. Yucatán joined to the federation as the Federated Republic of Yucatán ( es, República Federada de Yucatán). :4. Sonora joined to the federation along with Sinaloa as

Estado de Occidente Estado de Occidente ( en, Western State; also known as Sonora y Sinaloa) was a Mexican state established in 1824. The constitution was drafted in that year and the government was initially established with its capital at El Fuerte, Sinaloa. The f ...

, also recognized as Sonora y Sinaloa. :5. Coahuila joined to the federation along with Texas as

Coahuila y Tejas Coahuila y Tejas, officially the Estado Libre y Soberano de Coahuila y Tejas (), was one of the constituent states of the newly established United Mexican States under its 1824 Constitution. It had two capitals: first Saltillo (1822–1825) f ...

. :6. ''Estado Interno del Norte'' (north) was formed with Durango, Chihuahua and Nuevo México. ''Estado Interno de Oriente'' (eastern) was formed with Coahuila, Nuevo León and Texas. ''Estado Interno de Occidente'' (western) was formed with Sonora y Sinaloa. Only the Western State was finally ratified in the

Constitution of 1824 The Federal Constitution of the United Mexican States of 1824 ( es, Constitución Federal de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos de 1824) was enacted on October 4 of 1824, after the overthrow of the Mexican Empire of Agustin de Iturbide. In the new Fr ...

and the other two states were divided in different states and federal territories. :7. The Mexican Federation was finally composed of 19 states, the Federal District and the federal territories of Alta California,

Baja California Baja California (; 'Lower California'), officially the Free and Sovereign State of Baja California ( es, Estado Libre y Soberano de Baja California), is a state in Mexico. It is the northernmost and westernmost of the 32 federal entities of Mex ...

, Santa Fe de Nuevo México, Colima and Tlaxcala. :8. Tamaulipas and Tabasco were included in the act as a state, but congress ratified its admission on February 7.

Background

List

Notes

References

See also