Indonesian floral emblems are Indonesian endemic flora that gain the status as national animal symbol that represent

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...

and describe Indonesian

biodiversity Biodiversity or biological diversity is the variety and variability of life on Earth. Biodiversity is a measure of variation at the genetic (''genetic variability''), species (''species diversity''), and ecosystem (''ecosystem diversity'') l ...

. Next to national floral symbols, there are also more specific

provincial Provincial may refer to: Government & Administration * Provincial capitals, an administrative sub-national capital of a country * Provincial city (disambiguation) * Provincial minister (disambiguation) * Provincial Secretary, a position in Can ...

floral emblems that represent each respective

provinces of Indonesia A province is almost always an administrative division within a country or sovereign state, state. The term derives from the ancient Roman ''Roman province, provincia'', which was the major territorial and administrative unit of the Roman Empire ...

. In addition, Indonesia also recognised

Teak Teak (''Tectona grandis'') is a tropical hardwood tree species in the family Lamiaceae. It is a large, deciduous tree that occurs in mixed hardwood forests. ''Tectona grandis'' has small, fragrant white flowers arranged in dense clusters (panicl ...

as the national tree.

Indonesian national floral emblems

There are three categories of floral emblem that symbolise Indonesia: #National flower ( id, Puspa bangsa) of

is '' Melati putih'' (''Jasminum sambac'') #Flower of charm ( id, Puspa pesona) is ''Anggrek Bulan'' (Moon Orchid) ('' Phalaenopsis amabilis'')) #Rare flower ( id, Puspa langka) is ''Padma Raksasa Rafflesia'' (''

Rafflesia arnoldii ''Rafflesia arnoldii'', the corpse flower or giant padma, is a species of flowering plant in the parasitic genus ''Rafflesia''. It is noted for producing the largest individual flower on Earth. It has a strong and unpleasant odor of decaying f ...

''). All three were chosen on World Environment Day in 1990. On the other occasion ''Bunga Bangkai'' ('' Titan arum'') was also added as ''puspa langka'' together with Rafflesia. ''Melati putih'' (''jasminum sambac''), a small white flower with sweet fragrance, has long been considered as a sacred flower in Indonesian tradition, as it symbolises purity, sacredness, graceful simplicity and sincerity. Although the official adoption were announced only as early as 1990 during World Environment Day and enforced by law through Presidential Decree (''Keputusan Presiden'') No. 4 1993,Keputusan Presiden No. 4 Tahun 1993
the importance of ''Jasminum sambac'' in Indonesian culture predates its official adoption. Since the formation of Indonesian republic during the reign of Sukarno, ''melati putih'' is always unofficially recognised as the national flower of Indonesia. The reverence and the elevated status of this flower mostly due to the importance of ''jasminum sambac'' in Indonesian tradition since ancient times. ''Melati putih'' is also the most important flower in wedding ceremonies for ethnic Indonesians, especially in the island of

Java Java (; id, Jawa, ; jv, ꦗꦮ; su, ) is one of the Greater Sunda Islands in Indonesia. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the south and the Java Sea to the north. With a population of 151.6 million people, Java is the world's List ...

. Jasmine flower buds that haven't fully opened are usually picked to create strings of jasmine garlands called ''roncen melati''. On wedding days, a traditional Javanese or

Sundanese Sundanese may refer to: * Sundanese people * Sundanese language * Sundanese script Standard Sundanese script (''Aksara Sunda Baku'', ) is a writing system which is used by the Sundanese people. It is built based on Old Sundanese script (' ...

bride's hair is adorned with strings of jasmine garlands arranged as a hairnet to cover the ''konde'' (

hair bun A bun is a type of hairstyle in which the hair is pulled back from the face, twisted or plaited, and wrapped in a circular coil around itself, typically on top or back of the head or just above the neck. A bun can be secured with a hair tie, ba ...

). The intricately intertwined strings of jasmine garlands are left to hang loose from the bride's head. The groom's

kris The kris, or ''keris'' in the Indonesian language, is an asymmetrical dagger with distinctive blade-patterning achieved through alternating laminations of iron and nickelous iron (''pamor''). Of Javanese origin, the kris is famous for its disti ...

is also adorned with five jasmine garlands called ''roncen usus-usus'' (intestine garlands) to refer its intestine-like form and also linked to the legend of Arya Penangsang. In Makassar and

Bugis The Bugis people (pronounced ), also known as Buginese, are an ethnicity—the most numerous of the three major linguistic and ethnic groups of South Sulawesi (the others being Makassar and Toraja), in the south-western province of Sulawe ...

brides, the hair is also adorned with buds of jasmine that resemble pearls. Jasmine is also used as floral offerings for spirits and deities especially among Balinese

Hindu Hindus (; ) are people who religiously adhere to Hinduism.Jeffery D. Long (2007), A Vision for Hinduism, IB Tauris, , pages 35–37 Historically, the term has also been used as a geographical, cultural, and later religious identifier for ...

, and also often present during funerals. The jasmine has wide spectrums in Indonesian traditions; it is the flower of life, beauty and festive wedding, yet it is also often associated with spirit and death. In Indonesian patriotic songs and poems, the fallen ''melati'' often hailed as the representation of fallen heroes that sacrificed their life for the country. The Ismail Marzuki's patriotic song ''"Melati di Tapal Batas"'' (jasmine on the border) (1947) and

Guruh Sukarnoputra Muhammad Guruh Irianto Sukarnoputra (born 13 January 1953) is a member of Indonesia's People's Representative Council and an artist. He is the youngest son of Indonesia's first president, Sukarno with his third wife, Fatmawati, and the brother t ...

's ''"Melati Suci"'' (sacred jasmine) (1974) clearly refer jasmine as the representation of fallen heroes, the eternally fragrance flower that adorned Ibu Pertiwi (Indonesian

national personification A national personification is an anthropomorphic personification of a state or the people(s) it inhabits. It may appear in political cartoons and propaganda. Some early personifications in the Western world tended to be national manifestations ...

). The other two national flowers were chosen for different reasons. Moon Orchid was chosen for its beauty, while the other two rare flowers, ''Rafflesia arnoldii'' and ''Titan arum'' were chosen to demonstrate uniqueness and Indonesian floral biodiversity.

Indonesian provinces floral emblems

Each of 34 Provinces of Indonesia also have native plants used as floral emblems. This is a list of Indonesian floral emblems, which represent the

. *

Aceh Aceh ( ), officially the Aceh Province ( ace, Nanggroë Acèh; id, Provinsi Aceh) is the westernmost province of Indonesia. It is located on the northernmost of Sumatra island, with Banda Aceh being its capital and largest city. Granted a s ...

- ''Bunga Jeumpa'' ('' Michelia champaca'') *

North Sumatra North Sumatra ( id, Sumatra Utara) is a province of Indonesia located on the northern part of the island of Sumatra. Its capital and largest city is Medan. North Sumatra is Indonesia's fourth most populous province after West Java, East Java and ...

- ''Kenanga'' ('' Cananga odorata'') *

West Sumatra West Sumatra ( id, Sumatra Barat) is a Provinces of Indonesia, province of Indonesia. It is located on the west coast of the island of Sumatra and includes the Mentawai Islands off that coast. The province has an area of , with a population of 5, ...

- ''Pohon Andalas'' (''

Morus macroura ''Morus macroura'', also known as the king white mulberry, shahtoot mulberry, Tibetan mulberry, or long mulberry is a flowering plant species in the genus '' Morus'' found in Tibet, the Himalayas, mountainous area of Indonesia, and rain forests o ...

'') *

Riau Riau is a province of Indonesia. It is located on the central eastern coast of Sumatra along the Strait of Malacca. The province shares land borders with North Sumatra to the northwest, West Sumatra to the west, and Jambi to the south. Accord ...

- ''Nibung'' ('' Oncosperma tigillarium'') *

Riau islands The Riau Islands ( id, Kepulauan Riau) is a province of Indonesia. It comprises a total of 1,796 islands scattered between Sumatra, Malay Peninsula, and Borneo including the Riau Archipelago. Situated on one of the world's busiest shipping la ...

- ''Sirih'' (''

Piper betle The betel (''Piper betle'') is a vine of the family Piperaceae, which includes pepper and kava. The betel plant is native to Southeast Asia. It is an evergreen, dioecious perennial, with glossy heart-shaped leaves and white catkins. Betel plant ...

'') *

Jambi Jambi is a province of Indonesia. It is located on the east coast of central Sumatra and spans to the Barisan Mountains in the west. Its capital and largest city is Jambi. The province has a land area of 50,160.05 km2, and a sea area of 3, ...

- ''Pinang Merah'' (''

Cyrtostachys renda ''Cyrtostachys renda'', also known by the common names red sealing wax palm and lipstick palm, is a Arecaceae, palm that is native to Thailand, Malaysia, Sumatra and Borneo in Indonesia. It is the only species of the genus ''Cyrtostachys'' that ...

'') * South Sumatra - ''Duku'' ('' Lansium parasiticum'') * Bengkulu - ''Suweg Raksasa'' (''

Amorphophallus titanum ''Amorphophallus'' (from Ancient Greek , "without form, misshapen" + ''phallos'', "penis", referring to the shape of the prominent spadix) is a large genus of some 200 tropical and subtropical tuberous herbaceous plants from the ''Arum'' family ...

'') *

Bangka Belitung The Bangka Belitung Islands ( id, Kepulauan Bangka Belitung) is a province of Indonesia. Situated off the southeastern coast of Sumatra, the province comprises two main landmasses— Bangka and Belitung—and numerous smaller islands. Bangka Beli ...

- ''Nagasari'' ('' Palaquium rostratum'') * Lampung - ''Bunga Ashar'' ('' Mirabilis jalapa'') * Banten - ''Kokoleceran'' (''

Vatica bantamensis ''Vatica bantamensis'' is a species of plant in the family Dipterocarpaceae. It is a tree endemic to Java in Indonesia. It is an endangered species An endangered species is a species that is very likely to become extinct in the near futur ...

'') * DKI Jakarta - ''Salak Condet'' ('' Salacca edulis'') *

West Java West Java ( id, Jawa Barat, su, ᮏᮝ ᮊᮥᮜᮧᮔ᮪, romanized ''Jawa Kulon'') is a province of Indonesia on the western part of the island of Java, with its provincial capital in Bandung. West Java is bordered by the province of Banten ...

- ''Gandaria'' (''

Bouea macrophylla ''Bouea macrophylla'', commonly known as gandaria or plum mango or mango plum in English, is a species of flowering plant native to Southeast Asia. The tree belongs to the family Anacardiaceae which also includes mango and cashew. Description ...

'') *

Central Java Central Java ( id, Jawa Tengah) is a province of Indonesia, located in the middle of the island of Java. Its administrative capital is Semarang. It is bordered by West Java in the west, the Indian Ocean and the Special Region of Yogyakarta in t ...

- ''Kantil'' (''

Michelia alba ''Michelia'' is a historical genus of flowering plants belonging to the family ( Magnoliaceae). The genus included about 50 species of evergreen trees and shrubs, native to tropical and subtropical south and southeast Asia ( Indomalaya), including ...

'') *

Yogyakarta Special Region The Special Region of Yogyakarta (; id, Daerah Istimewa (D.I.) Yogyakarta) is a provincial-level autonomous region of Indonesia in southern Java. It has also been known as the Special Territory of Yogyakarta. It is bordered by the Indian Oce ...

- ''Kepel'' (''

Stelechocarpus burahol ''Stelechocarpus burahol'', known as the burahol (loanword from Sundanese), kepel, kepel fruit, keppel fruit, or kepel apple, is an annonaceous plant from the humid evergreen forests of Southeast Asia,''Tropical & Subtropical Trees: an encyclope ...

'') *

East Java East Java ( id, Jawa Timur) is a Provinces of Indonesia, province of Indonesia located in the easternmost hemisphere of Java island. It has a land border only with the province of Central Java to the west; the Java Sea and the Indian Ocean bord ...

- ''Sedap Malam'' ('' Agave amica'', syn. ''Polianthes tuberosa'') * West Kalimantan - ''Tengkawang Tungkul'' (''

Shorea stenoptera ''Shorea stenoptera'', called, along with some other species in the genus ''Shorea'', light red meranti, is a species of tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae. It is endemic to Borneo and threatened by habitat loss Habitat destruction (also ...

'') *

South Kalimantan South Kalimantan ( id, Kalimantan Selatan) is a Provinces of Indonesia, province of Indonesia. It is the smallest province in Kalimantan, the Indonesian territory of Borneo. The provincial capital was Banjarmasin until 15 February 2022 when it wa ...

- ''Kasturi'' ('' Mangifera casturi'') * Central Kalimantan - ''Tenggaring'' ('' Nephelium lappaceum'') * East Kalimantan - ''Anggrek Hitam'' (''

Coelogyne pandurata ''Coelogyne pandurata'' is a species of orchid. It is found in Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo and the Philippines as a large sized, hot growing epiphyte found on large trees near rivers or terrestrial with well-spaced, strongly compressed, oblong or ...

'') *

North Kalimantan North Kalimantan ( id, Kalimantan Utara) is a province of Indonesia. It is located on the northernmost of Kalimantan, the Indonesian part of the island of Borneo. North Kalimantan borders the Malaysian states of Sabah to the north and Sarawak t ...

- ''Anggrek Hitam'' (''

'') *

North Sulawesi North Sulawesi ( id, Sulawesi Utara) is a province of Indonesia. It is located on the Minahasa Peninsula of Sulawesi, south of the Philippines and southeast of Sabah, Malaysia. It borders the Philippine province of Davao Occidental and Soccsks ...

- ''Longusei'' ('' Ficus minahasae'') *

Gorontalo Gorontalo (Gorontalo language, Gorontaloan: ''Hulontalo'') is a Provinces of Indonesia, province of Indonesia on the island of Sulawesi. Located on the Minahasa Peninsula, Gorontalo was formerly part of the province of North Sulawesi until its ...

- ''Gofasa, Gupasa'' (''

Vitex cofassus ''Vitex cofassus'' is a species of woody plant in the family Lamiaceae. Native to New Guinea and the Southwest Pacific islands, "New Guinea teak" is planted for its hardwood, used in construction, in Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines. It ...

'') *

Central Sulawesi Central Sulawesi (Indonesian: ''Sulawesi Tengah'') is a province of Indonesia located at the centre of the island of Sulawesi. The administrative capital and largest city is located in Palu. The 2010 census recorded a population of 2,635,009 for ...

- ''Eboni'' (''

Diospyros celebica ''Diospyros celebica'' (commonly known as black ebony or Makassar ebony) is a species of flowering tree in the family Ebenaceae that is endemic to the island of Sulawesi in Indonesia. The common name Makassar ebony is for the main seaport on th ...

'') *

South East Sulawesi Southeast Sulawesi ( id, Sulawesi Tenggara) is a province on the island of Sulawesi, forming the southeastern peninsula of that island, together with a number of substantial offshore islands such as Buton, Muna, Kabaena and Wawonii (formerly c ...

- ''Anggrek Serat'' (''

Dendrobium utile ''Dendrobium utile'' is a species of orchid native to Sulawesi and Papua, occurring in forests at altitudes of up to 150 m. It is the official flower of Sulawesi Tenggara. Locally this orchid is also called anomi, anemi or alemi, or anggrek ...

'') * West Sulawesi - ''Cempaka hutan kasar'' (''

Elmerrillia ovalis ''Magnolia vrieseana'' is a tree species of the family Magnoliaceae endemic to Indonesia, occurring in Sulawesi and Maluku. ''Magnolia vrieseana'' are large, evergreen trees with spiral leaves and long terminal stipules that leave circular sca ...

'') *

South Sulawesi South Sulawesi ( id, Sulawesi Selatan) is a province in the southern peninsula of Sulawesi. The Selayar Islands archipelago to the south of Sulawesi is also part of the province. The capital is Makassar. The province is bordered by Central Sula ...

- ''Lontar'' ('' Borassus flabellifer'') *

Bali Bali () is a province of Indonesia and the westernmost of the Lesser Sunda Islands. East of Java and west of Lombok, the province includes the island of Bali and a few smaller neighbouring islands, notably Nusa Penida, Nusa Lembongan, and Nu ...

- ''Majegau'' ('' Dysoxylum densiflorum'') * West Nusa Tenggara - ''Ajan Kelicung'' ('' Diospyros macrophylla'') * East Nusa Tenggara - ''Cendana'' ('' Santalum album'') * Maluku - ''Anggrek Larat'' (''

Dendrobium phalaenopsis ''Dendrobium bigibbum'', commonly known as the Cooktown orchid or mauve butterfly orchid, is an epiphytic or lithophytic orchid in the family Orchidaceae. It has cylindrical pseudobulbs, each with between three and five green or purplish leaves a ...

'') * North Maluku - ''Cengkeh'' (''

Syzygium aromaticum Cloves are the aromatic flower buds of a tree in the family Myrtaceae, ''Syzygium aromaticum'' (). They are native to the Maluku Islands (or Moluccas) in Indonesia, and are commonly used as a spice, flavoring or fragrance in consumer products, s ...

'') * West Papua - ''Matoa'' ('' Pometia pinnata'') * Papua - ''Buah merah'' (''

Pandanus conoideus ''Pandanus conoideus'' is a plant in the ''Pandanus'' family from New Guinea. Its fruit is eaten in Papua New Guinea and Papua, Indonesia. The fruit has several names: ''marita'' (in Papua New Guinea local language), or ''buah merah'' ("red fruit ...

'') *Ex-province Timor Timur ( Timor Leste) - ''Ampupu'' (''

Eucalyptus urophylla ''Eucalyptus urophylla'', commonly known as Timor white gum, Timor mountain gum, popo or ampupu, is a species of eucalypt native to islands of the Indonesian Archipelago and Timor. It is also common in other countries with humid and subhumid tr ...

'')

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Indonesian Floral Emblems Lists of flowers Emblems Floral Emblems National symbols of Indonesia National emblems

Indonesian national floral emblems

Indonesian provinces floral emblems

See also

References